Academic literature on the topic 'Soil salinity/waterlogging'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil salinity/waterlogging"
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Medeiros, Wiliana Júlia Ferreira de, Francisco Ítalo Fernandes de Oliveira, Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda, Carlos Henrique Carvalho de Sousa, Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante, Alexandre Reuber Almeida da Silva, and Jorge Freire Da Silva Ferreira. "Isolated and combined effects of soil salinity and waterlogging in seedlings of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1459.
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Soil salinization is a problem commonly found in semi-arid regions. In addition, the problem of salinity is aggravated in clayey soils when accompanied by cycles of waterlogging in the rainy season or when excess irrigation is applied. In this work we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of soil salinity and waterlogging on the responses of young plants of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut. The experiment was conducted under controlled environment in a complete randomized block design, arranged in split plots with five replications. The plots comprised five waterlogging cycles (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4), each with a duration of four days, and applied at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days into the experimental period, with the sub-plots consisting of five levels of soil salinity (1.70, 11.07, 16.44, 22.14 and 25.20 dS m-1). Response of coconut seedlings to waterlogging was dependent on the level of soil salinity, with waterlogging significantly impairing biomass accumulation and leaf expansion at low soil salinity levels, but causing no additional harm at elevated salinity. Leaf gas exchange was reduced mainly due to soil salinity, and this response was related to stomatal and non-stomatal effects. Seedlings of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut used in this study were classified as moderately-tolerant to salinity when grown in soils with an electrical conductivity up to 11.07 dS m-1, having the potential to be used in revegetation programs of salt-affected areas, provided that these areas are not exposed to frequent waterlogging cycles.
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Grieve, AM, E. Dunford, D. Marston, RE Martin, and P. Slavich. "Effects of waterlogging and soil salinity on irrigated agriculture in the Murray Valley: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860761.
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A physical model was used to assess the effects of surface waterlogging and soil salinity on the productivity of winter cereals and irrigated dairy pastures on irrigation farms in the Berriquin and Wakool Irrigation Districts of the Murray Valley region of New South Wales. Parameters describing the physical properties of major soil types were combined with statistically derived estimates of rainfall excess over evapotranspiration to establish the incidence of waterlogging. Soils predisposed to waterlogging occupy 150000 ha of Berriquin District (45% of District) and 24 800 ha of Wakool District (73%). Estimates of yield losses from waterlogging ranged from 12.5% in annual subterranean clover-based pastures, 20% in winter cereals, to 25% for perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures. The relationships between yield and soil salinity were determined for barley, wheat, white clover, subterranean clover, and irrigated annual and perennial pastures growing under existing management practices in shallow watertable areas of the 2 Districts. Response functions were applied to soil salinity frequency distributions to derive production loss coefficients. Surveys showed that average soil salinities were lower in Berriquin than in Wakool. In 1984, 43% the soils in shallow watertable areas of Berriquin could be classed as saline, whereas, in 1982 the corresponding figure for Wakool was 72%. A further survey taken in 1984, 2 years after the inception of a deep drainage scheme, showed that saline soils in Wakool had decreased to 46% of the total area.We assessed economic losses associated with soil salinity and waterlogging by applying the derived loss coefficients to achievable yields for known production areas. Total annual losses for the 2 Districts exceeded $A13 million, or 16% of the 1984 value of the District's agricultural production. This figure underestimates real losses because we excluded livestock enterprises other than dairying, as well as summer cropping, from the study. Losses due to waterlogging ($A10 million overall) were more serious than those due to soil salinity (nearly $A4 million), particularly in Berriquin where shallow watertables were less extensive. In Wakool, 2 years' operation of the deep drainage scheme reduced losses due to soil salinity by $A750 000.Thus surface waterlogging and soil salinity cause serious economic losses in the irrigated areas of southern New South Wales. Research into appropriate techniques for on-farm irrigation management may reduce these losses, and delay further development of shallow watertables and soil salinisation, with sub of stantial economic and environmental benefits.
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Valipour, Mohammad. "Drainage, waterlogging, and salinity." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 60, no. 12 (April 9, 2014): 1625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2014.905676.
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Lima, Alan D., Carlos H. C. Sousa, Claudivan F. de Lacerda, Marlos A. Bezerra, Evandro N. Silva, and Antônia L. R. Neves. "Gas exchange of four woody species under salinity and soil waterlogging." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 10 (October 2017): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n10p670-674.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchanges in seedlings of forest species grown in saline soils and subjected to soil waterlogging cycles. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement, with four forest species: Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr Allemão, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex. DC.) Standl and Azadirachta indica A. Juss, two soil salinity levels (1.2 and 8.6 dS m-1) and two water regimes (with and without waterlogging). Measurements of stomatal conductance, transpiration and CO2 assimilation rate were performed before and after each waterlogging period. The interaction of the highest saline level (8.6 dS m-1) and waterlogging caused greater reductions in leaf gas exchange, except for Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex. DC.) Standl was the species with highest sensitivity to both studied factors of stress.
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Amer, Reda. "Spatial Relationship between Irrigation Water Salinity, Waterlogging, and Cropland Degradation in the Arid and Semi-Arid Environments." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061047.
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Water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions has resulted in using of low-quality waters for crop irrigation. This study aims to investigate the spatial relationship of low-quality irrigation water and waterlogging in arid and semiarid environments. The multi-decadal (1990–2020) time series Landsat images and hadrochemical water analysis were employed within geographical information system mapping (GIS) to understand the relationship between irrigation water, soil salinity, and waterlogging in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. The normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Landsat images were combined to quantify the Spatiotemporal changes in the croplands and waterlogging from 1990 to 2020. ArcGIS inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to create spatial layers of irrigation water salinity from electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and soluble sodium percentage (Na%). The results demonstrated a significant spatial relationship between waterlogging and EC, SAR, and Na% in irrigation groundwater. Long-term irrigation with high salinity groundwater led to increased soil salinity, low soil permeability, and waterlogging. This study offers a time- and cost-efficient geospatial method for regional monitoring of surface waterlogging and mitigation strategies for cropland degradation and agricultural drainage water recycling that would benefit stakeholders and decision-makers.
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Nichols, P. G. H., A. D. Craig, M. E. Rogers, T. O. Albertsen, S. M. Miller, D. R. McClements, S. J. Hughes, M. F. D'Antuono, and B. S. Dear. "Production and persistence of annual pasture legumes at five saline sites in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 4 (2008): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07167.
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Herbage production and persistence of 42 annual pasture legumes from 33 species were measured at five sites across southern Australia. Medicago polymorpha L. was highly productive on soils, particularly those not prone to waterlogging, with soil surface (0–10 cm soil depth) salinity [estimated by electrical conductivity (ECe)] levels in summer of up to 36 dS/m, whereas M. truncatula Gaertn. was productive on ECe levels of at least 11 dS/m. Trifolium michelianum Savi and T. resupinatum L. were highly productive on soils subject to waterlogging, but only where 0–10 cm summer ECe levels were less than 8 dS/m. No commercial species were adapted to highly saline (0–10 cm summer ECe levels >8 dS/m), waterlogged sites. However, Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman ex B.D. Jacks. has the potential to fulfil this role, provided an appropriate Rhizobium strain can be selected. Mixtures of species and cultivars should be sown to account for high spatial variability for salinity and waterlogging. Traits for annual legume success in saline landscapes include salinity and waterlogging tolerance in germinating seedlings and mature plants, early flowering, hardseededness and delayed softening of hard seeds. Establishment of regenerating seedlings is associated with the timing of hardseed softening in relation to rainfall events capable of leaching topsoil salts. It is proposed that salinity measurements to determine annual legume suitability for winter-dominant rainfall areas are made in summer or early autumn, when at their highest levels. Transects along salinity and waterlogging gradients are suggested as an alternative method to traditional plots for genotype evaluation.
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Singh, Gyanendra, Timothy L. Setter, Muneendra Kumar Singh, Neeraj Kulshreshtha, Bhupendra Narayan Singh, Katia Stefanova, Bhudeva Singh Tyagi, Jang Bahadur Singh, Bhagwati S. Kherawat, and Edward G. Barrett-Lennard. "Number of tillers in wheat is an easily measurable index of genotype tolerance to saline waterlogged soils: evidence from 10 large-scale field trials in India." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 6 (2018): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18053.
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Over 100 wheat varieties and breeding lines from India and Australia were screened in alkaline and waterlogged soils in 10 environments over two years at one drained location and two naturally waterlogged locations in India. Mean trial grain yield was reduced up to 70% in the environments where genotypes were waterlogged for up to 15 days at the vegetative stage in alkaline soil relative to plants in drained soils. Agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, 1000-grain weight) of genotypes were also reduced under waterlogging. At one waterlogged site, up to 68% of the genetic diversity for predicted grain yields under waterlogging could be accounted for by number of tillers (r2 = 0.41–0.68 in 2011 and 2010, respectively) and positive correlations also occurred at the second site (r2 = 0.19–0.35). However, there was no correlation between grain yields across varieties under waterlogging in any trials at the two waterlogged locations. This may have occurred because waterlogged sites differed up to 4-fold in soil salinity. When salinity was accounted for, there was a good correlation across all environments (r2 = 0.73). A physiological basis for the relationship between tillering and waterlogging tolerance is proposed, associated with crown root development. Results are compared with findings in Australia in acidic soils, and they highlight major opportunities for wheat improvement by selection for numbers of tillers when crops are waterlogged during vegetative growth.
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Masilamani, P., K. Arulmozhiselvan, and A. Alagesan. "Prospects of biodrainage to mitigate problems of waterlogging and soil salinity in context of India - A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2285.
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Major parts of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of India are affected by soil salinity and waterlogging in canal command area and outside. Waterlogging is caused by a rising water table and poor drainage conditions. Stress due to waterlogging and salinity are serious to plants in all stages from seed germination to active growth and maturity. Unmanaged affected agricultural lands turn into low productive marshlands in the long run. Physical provision of surface or sub-surface drainage structures can rescue in such a situation. Yet, high skill and investment are required in the installation and maintenance of such structures. Alternatively, biodrainage method has been evolved as an effective method recently world over. In biodrainage, plants are raised over a larger area, which can transpire and remove an enormous amount of water from the soil. Plants having adequate adaptive traits and tolerance mechanisms are desirable to mitigate waterlogging and salinity. Biodrainage is suitable in rainfed and irrigated conditions. Planting of right plant species in optimum population and geometry decides the efficiency of biodrainage. Further, combining biodrainage with the conventional drainage can improve land and water productivity. Eucalyptus is the most suitable tree species for biodrainage as it has well performed in versatile environments. It possesses appreciable tolerance to salinity, sodicity and waterlogged conditions of the soil. Fast-growing with a straight trunk, deep rooting ability, low shading effect and high transpiration capacity are promising characteristics of this tree. Prominent woody species like Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Hardwickia binata can also be grown for high profit.
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Gellie, Nick, Kieren Beaumont, Duncan Mackay, Molly Whalen, and Laurence Clarke. "Growth responses of Baumea juncea (Cyperaceae) plants from inland artesian spring and coastal habitats to salinity and waterlogging treatments." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (2015): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15005.
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Artesian springs of arid inland Australia provide permanent water that supports naturally fragmented wetland communities. Some plant species that occur at springs have more extensive populations in coastal wetland areas of Australia where they may experience quite different environmental conditions. The present study investigated the growth response of one such species, Baumea juncea (R.Br.) Palla (Cyperaceae), to salinity and waterlogging. Plants from each region were subjected to combinations of salinity (freshwater or 20% seawater) and waterlogging (unsaturated or saturated soil), in a factorial design, for a period of 5 months. All plants survived and although the final aboveground biomasses did not differ significantly among the treatment combinations, for spring plants, the relative growth of roots was greater in unsaturated soil than in saturated soil. For the growth parameters of total biomass, culm biomass and rhizome biomass, spring and coastal plants showed contrasting responses to the treatment combinations; for spring plants in fresh water, these parameters were greater in the saturated treatment than in the unsaturated treatment, whereas for spring plants in saline water, these variables were lower in the saturated treatment than in the unsaturated treatment. Coastal plants displayed the reverse pattern. For the remaining parameters of root biomass, root : culm ratio and aboveground : belowground biomass ratio, plants from spring and coastal regions grown under saline conditions displayed contrasting responses to waterlogging. Our findings showed that the growth responses of plants of B. juncea to waterlogging and salinity differ for spring and coastal plants, suggesting potential differential adaptation by populations in these disjunct and distinct environments.
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Merga, Bulti, and Abdulatif Ahmed. "A Review on Agricultural Problems and Their Management in Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i8.1189-1202.2626.
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Ethiopia’s agricultural production has been challenged by waterlogging, salinity, acidity, parasitic weed, and irrigation scheduling problems which has resulted in lower yields than the potential. Waterlogging is the main drainage problem in the small scale irrigation schemes in the Vertisols dominated highland areas while salinity and salinization is a common phenomenon in the large and medium scale irrigation schemes located in the lowlands of the country’s major river basins with predominantly salt affected soils. Soil acidity and associated low nutrient availability is one of the constraints to crop production on acid soils. Lime requirement for crops grown on acid soils is determined by the quality of liming material, status of soil fertility, crop species and varieties, crop management practices, and economic considerations. A considerable loss in growth and yield of many food and fodder crops is caused by root-parasitic flowering plants. Globally, Striga and Orobanche have a greater impact on human welfare than any other parasitic angiosperms because their hosts are subsistence crops in areas marginal for agriculture. In irrigated agriculture, efficient water management is an important element. Such practices can help bust sustainable production and maintain farm profitability in which there is limited water resource.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil salinity/waterlogging"
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Sameni, A.-M. "The effect of salinity and sodicity on the structure and hydraulic conductivity of soil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234545.
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Medeiros, Wiliana JÃlia Ferreira de. "Responses and adaptations of young plants of dwarf coconut - green to soil salinity and waterlogging." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16901.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe coconut crop in Brazil stands out for its economic and social importance. The coconut cultivation has been in troduced in several regions of the country, however, the Northeast stands out with the largest plantations and production. Currently, a major problem in the agricultural sector, especially in semi-arid regions, has been the process of soil salinization. This problem is accentuated by the use of water with high salt concentration. Another factor existing in saline environments is excess water, especially, in clay soils and with poor drainage. The use of species toler ant to salinity has been a recommended strategy, to promote the rehabilitati on of degraded soils by excess salts. Thus, the objective of this work, was to evaluate the effects of the associations between soil salinity and waterlogging, at the responses and adaptations of young plants of coconut. The work was conducted, in agreenhouse, in the experimental area of the Meteorological Station, Campus Pici, the Federal University of CearÃ, in FortalezaâCearÃ, a randomized block design arranged in split plot scheme, with five repetitions, was used.The variables on which the data were collected over time, the experimental design was arranged in split split plots. The plots were formed by five cycles of waterlogging (0; 1; 2; 3 e 4), to 30, 60, 90 e 120 days, lasting four days each cycle, and the subplots were constituted by the five levels of soil salinity (1.70; 11.07; 16.44; 22.14 e 25.20 dS/m). Biometric, physiological a nd nutritional variables were eva luated in plants. In the soil, were evaluated fertility and the electrical conductivity (EC). The growth inhibition of the seedlings was caused more by soil salinity, than by waterlogging. The effects of waterlogging on the growth of plants decreases, with increasing salinity. Gas exchanges were influenced, mainly, by the soil salinity factor, and these responses were related to stomatal causes and not stomatal. The salinity factor resulted in accumulation of P and K in the soil, consequence of lower growth and lower extraction by plants. The reduction in growth and leaf gas exchange is associated with o smotic effects, and an increase in foliar levels of potentially toxic ions (Na+and Cl-). The results did not evidenced nutritional deficiency induction. The coconut plants presented potential to be utilized in revegetation programs, in areas affected by salts, up to the salt level of 11.07 dS/m.
A cocoicultura, no Brasil, se destaca por sua importÃncia econÃmica e social. O cultivo do coqueiro vem sendo introduzido em vÃrias regiÃes do paÃs, e a regiÃo Nordeste se destaca com as maiores plantaÃÃes e produÃÃes. Atualmente, um dos principais problemas no setor agrÃcola, sobretudo, em regiÃes semiÃridas, vem sendo o processo de salinizaÃÃo dos solos. O problema à acentuado mediante a utilizaÃÃo de Ãguas com alta concentraÃÃo de sais. Outro fator existente nos ambientes salinos à o excesso de Ãgua, notadamente, em solos argilosos e com drenagem deficiente. A utilizaÃÃo de espÃcies vegetais tolerantes à salinidade tem sido uma estratÃgia recomendada para promover a reabilitaÃÃo de solos degradados pelo excesso de sais. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos das associaÃÃes entre salinidade do solo e encharcamento, nas respostas e adaptaÃÃes de plantas jovens de coqueiro-anÃo-verde. O experimento foi conduzido, em ambiente protegido, na Ãrea experimental da EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica - Campus do Pici, da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no municÃpio de Fortaleza â CearÃ, sob delineamento estatÃstico de blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas com cinco repetiÃÃes. Nas variÃveis em que os dados foram coletados ao longo do tempo, o delineamento estatÃstico foi arranjado em parcelas subsubdivididas. As parcelas foram formadas por cinco ciclos de encharcamento (0; 1; 2; 3 e 4), aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias, com duraÃÃo de quatro dias cada ciclo, e as subparcelas foram constituÃdas por cinco nÃveis de salinidade do solo (1,70; 11,07; 16,44; 22,14 e 25,20 dS m-1). VariÃveis biomÃtricas, fisiolÃgicas e nutricionais foram avaliadas nas plantas. No solo, avaliaram-se a fertilidade e a condutividade elÃtrica (CE). A inibiÃÃo do crescimento das mudas foi ocasionada muito mais pela salinidade do solo, do que pelo encharcamento. Os efeitos do encharcamento do solo sobre o crescimento das mudas diminuiu, com aumento da salinidade. As trocas gasosas foram influenciadas, principalmente, pelo fator salinidade do solo, sendo que estas respostas foram relacionadas à causas estomÃticas e nÃo estomÃticas. O fator salinidade resultou em acÃmulo de P e K no solo, sendo consequÃncia do menor crescimento e da menor extraÃÃo pelas plantas. A reduÃÃo no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas foliares està associada aos efeitos osmÃticos, e ao aumento nos teores foliares de Ãons potencialmente tÃxicos (Na+ e Cl-). Os resultados nÃo evidenciaram induÃÃo de deficiÃncia nutricional. As plantas de coqueiro apresentaram potencial para serem utilizadas em programas de revegetaÃÃo, em Ãreas afetadas por sais, atà o nÃvel salino de 11,07 dS m-1.
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Horsnell, Tara Kathleen. "Quantifying thresholds for native vegetation to salinity and waterlogging for the design of direct conservation approaches." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0082.
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A field-based project was undertaken to develop and test a mechanism which would allow for the correlation of the health of vegetation surrounding playa lakes in south-west Australia with the natural variation in salinity and waterlogging that occurs spatially and temporally in natural systems. The study was designed to determine threshold ranges of vegetation communities using moderately extensive data over short temporal periods which will guide the design of potential engineering solutions that manipulate hydrological regimes to ultimately conserve and protect native vegetation. A pair of playa lake ecosystems, surrounded by primary production land, was modelled with hydro-geological data collected from March 2006 to March 2007. The data was used to determine the hydroperiods of vegetation communities fringing playa lakes and provide insight into the areas and species that are most affected by extreme rainfall events which are hypothesised to have a significant, rapid deleterious effect on the ecosystems. The methodology was multi-faceted and included; a detailed topographical survey; vegetation surveys; hydrological and hydro-geological monitoring over a 12 month period. 4 The hydro-geological data and vegetation data was linked with the topographical survey at a high resolution for spatial analysis in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the degree of waterlogging experienced by vegetation communities over the monitoring period. The study has found that the spatial and temporal variability of hydroperiods has been reduced by rising groundwater levels, a result of extensive clearing of native vegetation. Consequently populations are becoming extinct locally resulting in a shift in community composition. Extreme summer rainfall events also have a significant impact on the health of vegetation communities by increasing the duration of waterlogging over an annual cycle and in some areas expanding the littoral zone. Vegetation is most degraded at lower positions in the landscape where communities are becoming less diverse and dominated by salt tolerant halophytic species as a result of altered hydrological regimes. Some species appear to be able to tolerate groundwater depths of less than 2.0 m from the surface, however there are thresholds related to the duration at which groundwater is maintained at this depth. Potential engineering solutions include groundwater pumping and diverting water through drains to maintain sustainable hydroperiods for vegetation in areas with conservation value. The effectiveness and efficiency of the engineering solutions can be maximised by quantifying thresholds for vegetation that include sustainable durations of waterlogging. The study has quantified tolerance ranges to salinity and waterlogging with data collected over 12 months but species may be experiencing a transition period where they have 5 sustained irreversible damage that will result in their eventual mortality. With long-term monitoring, the methodology developed and tested in the study can be used to quantify the long-term tolerance ranges that are important for the application of conservation approaches that include engineering solutions.
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Teakle, Natasha Lea. "Comparative molecular physiology of salt and waterlogging tolerance in Lotus tenius and L. corniculatus : towards a perennial pasture legume for saline land." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0030.
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[Truncated abstract] Salinity and waterlogging interact to reduce the growth of most crop and pasture species. Species that are productive on saline-waterlogging land are needed for Australian farming systems. One option is Lotus tenuis, a perennial legume widely grown for pasture in the flood-prone and salt-affected Pampa region of Argentina. To identify mechanisms responsible for the adverse interaction between salinity and waterlogging, Lotus tenuis with a reputation for tolerance was compared with L. corniculatus, the most widely cultivated Lotus species. The physiology of salt and waterlogging tolerance in L. tenuis (4 cultivars) was evaluated, and compared with L. corniculatus (3 cultivars). Overall, L. tenuis cultivars accumulated less Na+ and Cl-, and more K+ in shoots than L. corniculatus cultivars, when exposed to 200 mM NaCl for 28 d in aerated or in anoxic (stagnant agar) solutions. In a NaCl dose response experiment (0 to 400 mM NaCl in aerated solution), Lotus tenuis (cv. Chaja) accumulated half as much Cl- in its shoots than L. corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel) at all external NaCl concentrations, and about 30% less shoot Na+ in treatments above 250 mM NaCl. Ion distributions in shoots were determined for plants at 200 mM NaCl; L. tenuis (cv. Chaja) accumulated about half as much Cl- in old leaves, young leaves and stems, compared with concentrations in L. corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel). There were not, however, significant differences between the two species for Na+ concentrations in the various shoot tissues under aerated NaCl treatment. '...' Therefore, during early stages of exposure to salinity, L. tenuis accumulated a higher proportion of total Na+ in the roots under combined stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment (55% versus 39% for L. corniculatus). Na+ transporters, particularly those relying on H+ gradients across membranes, which in turn require adequate ATP levels, could be impaired under O2 deficits that inhibit respiration. To study the effect of O2 deficiency on a Na+ transporter, an NHX1-like gene was cloned from L. tenuis and identity established via sequencing and yeast complementation studies. Real-time qPCR showed expression of NHX1 in L. tenuis roots increased under stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment, whereas it was reduced in L. corniculatus. Thus, maintaining O2 transport to roots, together with up-regulation of an NHX1-like gene for Na+ accumulation in vacuoles, contributes to tolerance of L. tenuis to combined salinity and waterlogging stresses. This study highlights the importance of minimising Cl- transport to shoots as a mechanism of salt tolerance and has identified a CCC-like gene in L. tenuis as a candidate for mediating root-to-shoot Cl- transport. Under combined stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment, control of Na+ transport is another mechanism contributing to tolerance in these Lotus species. Enhanced root aeration in L. tenuis maintains root Na+ transport processes, such as accumulation in vacuoles via NHX1-like genes, to diminish xylem loading to the shoot. Overall, this thesis has contributed new knowledge on the potential of Lotus tenuis as a saltland pasture and has significantly enhanced current understanding on the mechanisms of salinity and waterlogging tolerance in plants.
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Hendrati, Rina Laksmi. "Developing systems to identify and deploy saline and waterlogging tolerant lines of Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0036.
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[Truncated abstract] Eucalyptus occidentalis, a timber species from south Western Australia, is highly salt and waterlogging tolerant. Screening identified genotypes tolerant of high salt concentrations and waterlogging. Tolerance at provenance, family and individual level, and how phenotypic performance under salt and waterlogging was inherited was explored to provide a breeding population. Salt and/or waterlogged screening was carried out under controlled conditions up to extreme salt levels to determine tolerance between genotypes. This tank method was shown to produce repeatable results. Seedlings of 30 families from 9 provenances were used for screening. At low salt concentration (up to 300 mM NaCl), differentiation occurred for some traits but in general there was only a slight reduction in growth under salt, and waterlogging alone was not detrimental. At high salt concentration (550 mM) differentiation occurred among genotypes for all traits. Equivalent genotypes were also planted in field trials at three sites, two with medium (583 - 847 mm) and one with low rainfall (372 - 469 mm), in southern Western Australia. Survival was low (<53%) after 9 months due to an exceptional dry season followed by 3 months waterlogging in Kirkwood (38 - 1360 mSm-1), but was high >89% after 33 months in saline fields in Sandalwindy (96 - 976 mSm-1) and Roberts (88 - 1424 mSm-1). Some families were similarly in high rank for height under saline conditions in controlled and field trials. Height had the highest narrow-sense heritability value, especially under controlled saltwaterlogging (0.85) treatment and 20% selection enabled a gain of 8-14% under controlled conditions and in the field. Leaf production under salt was not an inherited trait. Systems were developed to hasten deployment of selected material. Extended daylength (16 h) and paclobutrazol (1 mg a.i/mm stem circumference) stimulated flowering in 2 year-old plants. Clonal propagation was possible. Grafting success varied from 0-100% depending on scion/rootstock provenances. ... There was only a slight reduction in heterozygosity from species level to provenance and family levels, and two superior genotypes maintained high diversity. v Crossing was possible using one stop pollination of cut immature styles and capsule retention varied from 0-34% and germination rate from 2-96%. Genetic distance between parents was correlated with seed set and offspring fitness. Wider genetic distances increased capsule retention, seed germination and seedling survival. Under 500 mM salt-waterlogging, offspring heights were similar when parental genetic distances were similar. High heritability value for height from ANOVA-REML parental screening was confirmed using parent-offspring regression. Screened superior genotypes, which withstood very high salt concentration, provide a breeding population for further breeding and for plantations under saline regions in low-medium rainfall areas in Western Australia and other parts of the world. These trees provide an economic return in areas where no other plants may survive and an environmental service in potentially reducing waterlogging, salinity and its spread.
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McDonald, Kathi. "Variation in morphology, salinity and waterlogging tolerance and resource allocation in strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) : implications for its use in mildly saline soils in southern Australian farming systems." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0105.
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[Truncated abstract] In southern Australian farming systems the replacement of deep-rooted perennial native vegetation with shallow-rooted annual crops and pastures has resulted in rising groundwater tables and an increased incidence of dryland salinity. It has been suggested that to address this issue by restoring hydrological balance, large areas of agricultural land need to be vegetated with perennial plants. One of the most agriculturally productive ways to do this is to introduce perennial pastures, both into upslope groundwater
Books on the topic "Soil salinity/waterlogging"
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Kapoor, A. S. Biodrainage: A biological option for controlling waterlogging and salinity. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 2001.
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National Seminar on Waterlogging and Salinity (1986 Lahore, Pakistan). National Seminar on Waterlogging and Salinity: Proceedings & recommendations, 20-21 March 1986. Lahore: The Institute, 1986.
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Workshop on Waterlogging and Soil Salinity in Irrigated Agriculture (1996 Karnāl, India). Workshop on Waterlogging and Soil Salinity in Irrigated Agriculture, Karnal, Haryana, 12-15 March, 1996: Proceedings. Edited by Varma C. V. J, India. Central Board of Irrigation and Power., and Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (Karnāl, India). New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation & Power, 1996.
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India) Workshop on Waterlogging and Soil Salinity in Irrigated Agriculture (2015 Chandīgarh. Workshop on Waterlogging and Soil Salinity in Irrigated Agriculture, 3-4 September 2015, Chandigarh: Proceedings. New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation & Power, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Soil salinity/waterlogging"
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Islam, S. Nazrul. "Consequences of the Commercial approach to rivers." In Rivers and Sustainable Development, 59–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079024.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 examines the adverse effects of the Commercial approach on river morphology, such as fragmentation of rivers, upstream sedimentation, and downstream disfigurations. It demonstrates the “More water, more thirst!” syndrome that this approach creates, leading to exhaustion of rivers and deleterious effects on deltas, estuaries, and the coastal environment. It reviews the broader effects of this approach on the ecology of river basins, including loss of seasonal pulses and emergence of new dangers of catastrophic flooding, waterlogging, salinity, deterioration of soil quality, and damages to the flora and fauna. The chapter also examines the unsuitability of the Commercial approach in the light of climate change, noting GHG emissions from dam reservoirs and increased risks from erratic and greater precipitation. It illustrates the unfair distribution of costs and benefits of the Commercial approach and shows that financial rates of return of projects under the Commercial approach are generally lower than claimed, and the economic rates of return are even lower, if not negative. The chapter also shows how the Commercial approach creates conflicts among co-riparian communities.
Conference papers on the topic "Soil salinity/waterlogging"
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MEDEIROS, W. J. F., C. F. LACERDA, F. I. F. OLIVEIRA, C. H. C. SOUSA, A. R. A. SILVA, and L. F. CAVALCANTE. "ISOLATED AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL SALINITY AND WATERLOGGING IN THE LEAF GAS EXCHANGE OF GREEN DWARF COCONUT SEEDLINGS." In IV Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/ESALQ-USP/ABID/UFRB/INCT-EI/INCTSal/INSTITUTO FUTURE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7127/iv-inovagri-meeting-2017-res3420837.
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Goossens, Rudi G., Morgan De Dapper, Tharwat K. Ghabour, Mohamed El Badawi, and Abd-Alla Gad. "Development of a GIS simulation model and the use of remote sensing for monitoring and prediction of soil salinity and waterlogging in the Nile delta (Egypt)." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by Hatem N. Nasr. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.154682.
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