Journal articles: 'Soil-structure interaction; Foundations'

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Andersen, Lars Vabbersgaard. "Dynamic soil–structure interaction of polypod foundations." Computers & Structures 232 (May 2020): 105966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.07.007.

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SILVA, R. L. C., G. B. MARQUES, E. N. LAGES, and S. P. C. MARQUES. "Analytical study of cylindrical tanks including soil-structure interaction." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 1 (February 2019): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000100003.

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Abstract An analytical study aiming the design of cylindrical liquid storage tanks resting on deformable foundations is developed in this work. The soil under the tanks is modeled as an elastic linear medium. The cylindrical wall is considered rigidly connected to the plate foundation. Here, concrete tanks are emphasized, although the study can be extended to other construction materials. For the analysis of the design forces acting on the tanks, efficient and simplified approximate expressions are derived based on rigorous analytical theories for thin shells and circular plate on elastic foundations. To verify the proposed approximate expressions and investigate the influence of the foundation deformability on displacements and design forces, parametric analyses of concrete tanks with different soil stiffness values are presented. The results illustrate the strong influence of the foundation stiffness on the tank design quantities and a very good performance of the simplified expressions.

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Emani, Pavan Kumar, Ritesh Kumar, and Phanikanth Vedula. "Inelastic Response Spectrum for Seismic Soil Pile Structure Interaction." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 7, no. 2 (July 2016): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2016070102.

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Structures resting on deep foundations like pile groups are subjected to entirely different kind of vibrations than those resting on shallow foundations, due to the inherent variations in the ground motions experienced at various levels of the foundation. The present work tries to generate response spectrum for single-pile supported structures using inelastic dynamic soil-pile interaction analysis. In the numerical model, the soil nonlinearity includes both separation at soil-pile interface and the plasticity of the near-field soil. The radiation boundary condition is also incorporated in the form of a series of far-field dampers which absorb the out-going waves. Inelastic response spectra for the structure, represented by a SDOF system, is generated after applying the synthetic time histories compatible with design (input) response spectra (as per IS 1893:2002-part I) at the base of pile to investigate the effects of ground response analysis including kinematics and inertial interaction between soil- pile system. It is found that a structure supported by pile foundations should be designed for larger seismic forces/ accelerations than those obtained from the design spectrum given in IS 1893:2002-Part I. The verification of the developed MATLAB program is reported towards the end, using results from commercial Finite Element software ABAQUS.

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Hokmabadi, Aslan S., and Behzad Fatahi. "Influence of Foundation Type on Seismic Performance of Buildings Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 08 (August 25, 2016): 1550043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500431.

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In selecting the type of foundation best suited for mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones, design engineers may consider that a shallow foundation, a pile foundation, or a pile-raft foundation can best carry the static and dynamic loads. However, different types of foundations behave differently during earthquakes, depending on the soil–structure interaction (SSI) where the properties of the in situ soil and type of foundation change the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil–foundation–structure system. In order to investigate the different characteristics of SSI and its influence on the seismic response of building frames, a 3D numerical model of a 15-storey full-scale (prototype) structure was simulated with four different types of foundations: (i) A fixed-based structure that excludes the SSI, (ii) a structure supported by a shallow foundation, (iii) a structure supported by a pile-raft foundation in soft soil and (iv) a structure supported by a floating (frictional) pile foundation in soft soil. Finite difference analyzes with FLAC3D were then conducted using real earthquake records that incorporated material (soil and superstructure) and geometric (uplifting, gapping and [Formula: see text] effects) nonlinearities. The 3D numerical modeling procedure had previously been verified against experimental shaking table tests conducted by the authors. The results are then presented and compared in terms of soil amplification, shear force distribution and rocking of the superstructure, including its lateral deformation and drift. The results showed that the type of foundation is a major contributor to the seismic response of buildings with SSI and should therefore be given careful consideration in order to ensure a safe and cost effective design.

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Gaudio, Domenico, and Sebastiano Rampello. "Dynamic Soil-structure Interaction of Bridge-pier Caisson Foundations." Procedia Engineering 158 (2016): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.420.

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Stewart, Melissa A., and John S. McCartney. "Centrifuge Modeling of Soil-Structure Interaction in Energy Foundations." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 140, no. 4 (April 2014): 04013044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001061.

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Huang, Caigui, Quan Gu, and Surong Huang. "A practical method for seismic response analysis of nonlinear soil-structure interaction systems." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 10 (February 11, 2021): 2131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433221992493.

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Soil–structure interaction (SSI) plays an important role in the analysis of seismic structural responses. This study significantly extends an efficient linear SSI analysis method presented previously by the authors and co-workers to realistic nonlinear SSI systems, that is, systems with nonlinear soil, nonlinear structures, and flexible foundations (e.g. single- or multiple-pile foundations). The flexible foundations lying on half-space nonlinear soil are represented by frequency-dependent compliance functions that are fitted numerically instead of obtained by closed-form solution. These functions are then transferred to the time domain using the discrete-time recursive filtering method. A non-iterative algorithm is applied to guarantee the boundary conditions between soil and structure, that is, the displacement continuity and force equilibrium between them. The proposed method is implemented on an open-source FE software framework, called OpenSees. The accuracy and efficiency of the extended coupling method are investigated in detail through the seismic response analyses of typical soil–foundation–structure systems while considering the cases of linear or nonlinear soil, linear or nonlinear structures, and single- or multiple-pile foundations. Results show that the extended coupling method is significantly faster than the traditional FE method and provides acceptably accurate solutions for SSI systems with linear or low-to-moderate nonlinear soil. The paper provides a method for fast evaluation of nonlinear SSI effects in seismic structural response analysis.

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Lu, Hua Xi, Hai Feng Jiang, Ping Ying Liang, and Bi Tao Wu. "Influence of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Fundamental Period for Frame Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1618.

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By using of the approximate value of T proposed in FEMA450, the equations of the approximate effective fundamental period are derived for circular mat foundations supported at the surface, embedded foundations of circular shape and embedded foundations of arbitrary shapes, respectively. It is found that the limit values of of Veletsos are not uniform, and excessive for structures with h/r > 9, but too small for embedded deeply foundations. In this paper the uniform limit value of is 1.10 for all structures, and the conditions of consideration of SSI are given for ordinary reinforced concrete frame structures with circular mat foundations supported at the surface, embedded foundations of circular shape, and embedded foundations of arbitrary shapes, respectively.

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Rha, Changsoon, and Ertugrul Taciroglu. "Coupled Macroelement Model of Soil-Structure Interaction in Deep Foundations." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 133, no. 12 (December 2007): 1326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2007)133:12(1326).

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Tradigo, F., F. Pisanò, C. di Prisco, and A. Mussi. "Non-linear soil–structure interaction in disconnected piled raft foundations." Computers and Geotechnics 63 (January 2015): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.08.014.

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YAMAKAWA, Yuki, Shoya NAKAICHI, Kiyohiro IKEDA, Toshiyuki OZAKI, Masahide MATSUMURA, and Toshiyuki KITADA. "STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION TOWER ON DEEP FOUNDATIONS CONSIDERING 3D SOIL−FOUNDATION−STRUCTURE INTERACTION." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C 64, no. 4 (2008): 782–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejc.64.782.

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Petridis, Christos, and Dimitris Pitilakis. "Fragility curve modifiers for reinforced concrete dual buildings, including nonlinear site effects and soil–structure interaction." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 1930–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020919430.

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We investigate the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) and nonlinear soil behavior on the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete (RC) dual (frame + shear wall) buildings resting on shallow foundations. This article includes a holistic methodology to account for nonlinear soil behavior and soil–foundation–structure interaction in a modular way. Using nonlinear dynamic analyses, we derive fragility curves for a wide set of building typologies and soil profiles, showing that soil behavior during strong shaking significantly affects the vulnerability of the soil–foundation–structure system. The influence of SSI is pronounced mostly for soft soil profiles, varying in a building-specific way. Post-processing of our results evolves into a set of fragility modifiers that enable risk analysts to massively account for soil-related and/or SSI effects in large-scale risk assessments.

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Han, Kyoung Bong, and Doo Yong Cho. "The Interaction between Adjacent Structures with Different Foundation Levels under Earthquake Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.1109.

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The aim of this paper is to study the interaction between adjacent structures with different foundation levels under earthquake loading conditions. Structures and soil are represented by two different models. In the first case, the structure itself is modeled with standard frame element, whereas the soil behavior is stimulated by a special grid model. In the second case, the structure and soil are represented by plane stress or plane strain elements. The Interaction between the two structures is demonstrated and discussed via numerical examples using the proposed method and program. In case of the structures having shallow foundations, the interaction is small and negligible. If the foundation of one structure is shallow and the other one deep, then the interaction renders the forces in one structure 20% smaller than those in a single shallow structure, If the neighboring structures have the same deep foundation level, then due to interaction the forces in one structure are 25% larger than those in a single deep structure.

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Gajan, Sivapalan, Prishati Raychowdhury, Tara C. Hutchinson, Bruce L. Kutter, and Jonathan P. Stewart. "Application and Validation of Practical Tools for Nonlinear Soil-Foundation Interaction Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3263242.

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Practical guidelines for characterization of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects for shallow foundations are typically based on representing foundation-soil interaction in terms of viscoelastic impedance functions that describe stiffness and damping characteristics. Relatively advanced tools can describe nonlinear soil-foundation behavior, including temporary gap formation, foundation settlement and sliding, and hysteretic energy dissipation. We review two tools that describe such effects for shallow foundations and that are implemented in the computational platform OpenSees: a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler foundation (BNWF) model and a contact interface model (CIM). We review input parameters and recommend parameter selection protocols. Model performance with the recommended protocols is evaluated through model-to-model comparisons for a hypothetical shear wall building resting on clay and model-data comparisons for several centrifuge test specimens on sand. The models describe generally consistent moment-rotation behavior, although shear-sliding and settlement behaviors deviate depending on the degree of foundation uplift. Pronounced uplift couples the moment and shear responses, often resulting in significant shear sliding and settlements. Such effects can be mitigated through the lateral connection of foundation elements with tie beams.

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Song, Liang-Long, Tong Guo, and Xin Shi. "Seismic Analysis of Low-Rise Self-Centering Prestressed Concrete Frames considering Soil-Structure Interaction." Shock and Vibration 2019 (December 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2586452.

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In this study, the seismic behavior of low-rise self-centering (SC) prestressed concrete frames considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) is presented. For this purpose, a typical 4-story SC concrete frame, with and without flexible foundations, is analyzed through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Ground motion sets with two hazard levels are selected for analysis. A conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frame is also studied, and the structural demands of the RC and SC frames are compared in terms of peak and residual drifts, base shear, residual settlement, and rotation of foundation. The analysis results show that considering soil-structure interaction generally increases the peak and residual drift demands and reduces the base shear and connection rotation demands when compared to fixed base conditions. For the cases with and without flexible foundations, the SC frame is found to have comparable peak story drifts with the RC frame and have the inherent potential of significantly reducing the residual drifts. The seismic analysis results of the frames with flexible bases show that the RC and SC frames can experience foundation damage due to excessive residual foundation rotations after the maximum considered earthquake (MCE).

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Allotey, Nii, and M. Hesham El Naggar. "Generalized dynamic Winkler model for nonlinear soil–structure interaction analysis." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 4 (April 2008): 560–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-106.

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The beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) model is widely used in soil–structure interaction (SSI) analysis owing to its relative simplicity. This paper focuses on the development of a versatile dynamic BNWF model for the analysis of shallow and deep foundations. The model is developed as a stand-alone module to be incorporated in commercial nonlinear structural analysis software. The features of the model discussed are the loading and unloading rules, slack zone development, the modeling of cyclic degradation and radiation damping. The model is shown to be capable of representing various response features observed in SSI experiments. In addition, the predictions of the model for centrifuge tests of piles in weakening and partially weakening soil are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. This agreement demonstrates the potential of the model as a useful tool for design engineers involved in seismic design, especially performance-based design.

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Paolucci, Roberto, Raffaele Figini, and Lorenza Petrini. "Introducing Dynamic Nonlinear Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction Effects in Displacement-Based Seismic Design." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 2 (May 2013): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000135.

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An iterative linear-equivalent procedure to take into account nonlinear soil-structure interaction effects in the displacement-based seismic design is presented for the case of shallow foundations. The procedure is based on the use of empirical curves to evaluate the stiffness degradation and the increase of damping ratio as a function of foundation rotation. Iterations are performed to ensure that admissible values of foundation rotations are complied with, in addition to the standard checks on structural displacements and drifts. Some examples of application of the approach to the design of bridge piers are provided. Design results are checked by means of nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses performed by a macro-element-based numerical tool, assuming nonlinear behavior of both structure and soil-foundation system.

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Shetgaonkar, Shreya Sitakant, and Purnanand Savoikar. "Seismic Response of Multistoried Building with Different Foundations Considering Interaction Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.276.

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Current seismic design practice assumes the base of the building to be fixed and does not consider the flexibility of foundation and soil. This assumption is realistic only when the structure is founded on solid rock or when the relative stiffness of the foundation soil compared to the superstructure is high. Whereas, in reality due to natural ability of soil to deform, supporting soil medium modifies the response of the structure during earthquake to some extent. In this work the effect of soil structure interaction on seismic response of building resting on different types of foundation was studied. Present work aims to study the effect of soil structure interaction on seismic response of building resting on fixed base, pile foundation, raft foundation and combined pile-raft foundation. G+9 RCC building is analyzed for earthquake loads considered in zone III by response spectrum method and storey displacement and base shear force of building by considering and without considering SSI effect is found out by using MIDAS GEN software.

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Forcellini, Davide. "Analytical Fragility Curves of Pile Foundations with Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020066.

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Pile foundations is a well-studied technique with many applications and its benefits on structures have been widely studied in the literature. In particular, the mutual effects of pile flexibility and soil deformability may significantly modify the seismic behaviour of superstructures. In order to consider the uncertainties that are connected with these issues, the paper applies the probabilistic-based approach of fragility curves by proposing three limit states based on ductility factor. Non-linear dynamic analyses were performed with OpenSees PL to assess the potentialities of three pile configurations founded on three cohesionless soil with different deformability.

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poh’sie*, Dr Eng Guillaume Hervé, Eng Linda Kevine Guiameugne Guabiapsie, Eng Gabrielle Laure Djeukoua Nathou, Eng Giuseppe Cardillo, and Prof Carmelo Majorana. "Finite Element Method Analysis Applied to Different Foundations Structures Systems." International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering 7, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijisme.c1289.087321.

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In the conventional static analysis of building frames, the base is idealised on rigid supports and the building is subdivided into three parts namely, the superstructure, the foundation and the ground soil, before design. In real life situations, the soil underneath the building undergoes deformations which may alter the performance of the structure. In this paper, it is studied the effect of soil type and foundation type on the response of a building frame system with both fixed base and flexible base. The Winkler model of soil-structure interaction is adopted to study the influence of soil flexibility and foundation rigidity on a 4 storey RC building with a regular plan resting on three types of soils namely, the light peat marshy ground, wet clay and medium gravel with fine sand. Three types of foundations are considered in the study: isolated footings, tied foundation and the raft (with and without overhangs) foundations. Winkler model is developed using springs by Finite Element Method in SAP2000. The settlement, the bending moment, the shear force and the axial force are the parameters placed forth for the comparative study. Results obtained reveal an increase in the response of the structure with respect to the soil flexibility and foundation rigidity.

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Roberts, Lance A., and Anil Misra. "Reliability-based design of deep foundations based on differential settlement criterion." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 2 (February 2009): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-117.

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Load–displacement analysis of a single deep foundation element can be accomplished by utilizing a soil–structure interaction model, such as the “t–z” model. By combining the soil–structure interaction model with a probabilistic analysis technique, such as Monte Carlo simulation, methods to rationally incorporate variability in the model parameters can be developed. As a result, the service limit state load capacity of a single deep foundation element can be computed for an allowable total head displacement. However, in design, differential settlement between individual foundation elements is often the event of interest. This paper develops a reliability-based design methodology for deep foundations based on a differential settlement design criterion. The design methodology is developed for various levels of uncertainty in the model parameters. The results are presented in the form of cumulative distribution functions that, combined with the calculated service limit state load capacity, form the basis for serviceability design of deep foundations based on a differential settlement criterion.

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Zhang, Lixin, and Yin Gu. "Seismic Analysis of a Curved Bridge Considering Soil-Structure Interactions Based on a Separated Foundation Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 21, 2020): 4260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124260.

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A separated foundation model was proposed in order to reduce the calculation scale of the numerical model for analyzing soil-bridge structure dynamics. The essence of the wave input analysis model considering soil-structure interaction was analyzed. Based on the large mass method, a one-dimensional time-domain algorithm of the free field was derived. This algorithm could simulate the specified ground motion input well. The displacement expansion solution of the free wave field was solved based on the propagation law of waves in a medium. By separating the soil foundations around the pile foundations of the bridge, the ground motion was transformed into an equivalent load applied on an artificial boundary. The separated foundation model could consider the incoherence effect and soil-structure interaction simultaneously; the number of model elements were reduced, and the computational efficiency was improved. In order to investigate the seismic response of a curved bridge considering soil-structure interaction under spatially varied earthquakes, a curved bridge with small radius was adopted in practical engineering. Spatially correlated multi-point ground motion time histories were generated, and the nonuniform ground motion field was simulated based on the wave input method on an artificial viscoelastic boundary. The effects of different apparent wave velocities, coherence values, and site conditions on the seismic response of the bridge were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial variation of seismic ground motion had a considerable effect on the bending moment and the torsion of the girder. The site effect had great influence on the bending moment of the pier bottom. When considering soil-structure interaction, the spatial variation of ground motion should be fully considered to avoid underestimating the structural response.

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Singh, R. N. P., and Hemant Kumar Vinayak. "Assessment of Soil-Structure Interaction in Seismic Bridge Pier Analysis Using Force and Displacement Based Approaches." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2015-0023.

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Abstract The seismic analysis carried out assuming foundation to be perfectly rigid and bonded to the soil underneath is far from truth and therefore, the soil-structure interaction effect on the dynamic behavior of the bridge pier should be considered. The assessment of soil-structure effect on the design force generated has been estimated using Force based, Capacity Spectrum and Direct Displacement based methods considering fixed and flexible foundations. For this purpose a single cantilever bridge pier of constant diameter with varying heights has been considered for the analysis in different type of soils and earthquake zones. The study has revealed that soil-Structure Interaction index is negative in some cases, especially in soft soil, implying base shear demand being greater than that of fixed base contrary to the traditional views.

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RITTER, M. G., M. L. MENEGOTTO, M. F. COSTELLA, R. C. PAVAN, and S. E. PILZ. "Analysis of soil-structure interaction in buildings with deep foundation." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952020000200005.

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Abstract In this paper it is presented how the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) interferes on reinforced concrete structures in small buildings with deep foundations, with the objective of analyzing the influence of SSI on the loads and repressions, global stability and costs of materials. The analysis were based on numerical-computational simulations of a commercial building using CAD/TQS commercial software. The building was simulated with 4, 6 and 8 floors with 3 different profiles of soils, generating 8 case studies. When considering SSI, the loads and repressions did not present significant variations and the parameters of global instability were within the normative recommendations. Among the variables analyzed, the material cost of the structure was the least affected item with the SSI consideration.

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El Shamy, Usama, and Natasha Zamani. "Discrete element method simulations of the seismic response of shallow foundations including soil-foundation-structure interaction." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 36, no. 10 (June 8, 2011): 1303–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1054.

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Catană, George, Adrian-Alexandru Savu, and Ionuț Ealangi. "MODELLING METHODS FOR SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION APPLIED IN WIND TURBINE FOUNDATION DESIGN." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2013-0015.

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Abstract The article presents a case study on soil-structure interaction modelling for Wind turbines. After a brief presentation on the history of wind turbines and their potential in Romania, the authors take on the task of modelling the soil-structure interaction for the raft and piles. Three models are chosen: in the first model the piles are fixed at foundation depth; in the second, elastic supports are modelled on the raft and the piles and in the third model both elastic supports and fixed supports are modelled. Several comparisons are made between the three cases referring to displacements, efforts and necessary reinforcement. Based on these comparisons, the most important conclusion drawn is that the modelling of the soil-structure interaction has an important effect on the final reinforcement of the raft and the piles, considering that the difference between the models reaches almost 18%, which in the case of really large foundations can draw the line between economic and non-economic design.

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Zlatkov, Dragan, Slavko Zdravkovic, Marina Mijalkovic, Biljana Mladenovic, and Tomislav Igic. "Redistribution of the influences in systems with semi-rigid joints on elastic foundations." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 8, no. 2 (2010): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1002225z.

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Most often, in the case of typefied prefabricated systems, foundations are designed and constructed as prefabricated elements as well. When the structure is exposed to high intensity loading and founded on a weak soil, beam foundations are often used instead of pad foundations. Beam foundations, stiffening girders, as well as beams which support the fa?ade elements or partition walls, are treated as beams on elastic foundations, while joint of these girders to pad foundations or vertical support elements of a precast structure can be treated as semi-rigid. Modeling of systems with semi-rigid joints on elastic foundations, for different levels of rigidity of connections, is illustrated by an example of a frame under static loading. On the basis of the results of the calculation carried out in this paper, it is evident that taking into account the elastic foundations of the member and the corresponding degree of fixation of the member on this foundations significantly affects the magnitude of the forces in the cross-sections of the member, and on the redistribution of influences in the entire structure. Yet, the foundations-and-soil interaction exerted the highest influence on the magnitude of the stress in the foundation structure itself.

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Andersen, Lars, Thomas Andersen, and Lance Manuel. "Model Uncertainties for Soil-Structure Interaction in Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6030087.

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Monopiles are the most common type of foundation used for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. This investigation concerns the influence of uncertainty related to soil–structure interaction models used to represent monopile–soil systems. The system response is studied for a severe sea state. Three wave-load cases are considered: (i) irregular waves assuming linearity; (ii) highly nonlinear waves that are merged into the irregular wave train; (iii) slamming loads that are included for the nonlinear waves. The extreme response and Fourier amplitude spectra for external moments and mudline bending moments are compared for these load cases where a simpler static pile-cap stiffness and a lumped-parameter model (LPM) are both considered. The fundamental frequency response of the system is well represented by the static pile-cap stiffness model; however, the influence of higher modes (i.e., the second and third modes with frequencies of about 1 Hz and 2 Hz, respectively) is significantly overestimated with the static model compared to the LPM. In the analyzed case, the differences in the higher modes are especially pronounced when slamming loads are not present.

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Sun, Feifei, Lei Xiao, and Oreste S. Bursi. "Quantification of seismic mitigation performance of periodic foundations with soil-structure interaction." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 132 (May 2020): 106089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106089.

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Carbonari, Sandro, Francesca Dezi, and Graziano Leoni. "Linear soil–structure interaction of coupled wall–frame structures on pile foundations." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 9 (September 2011): 1296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.008.

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Han, Yingcai. "Study of vibrating foundations considering soil-pile-structure interaction for practical applications." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 7, no. 3 (September 2008): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-008-0873-0.

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Bhuvana Rekha, I., N. Lingeshwaran, Sunny Agarwal, and Sateesh Madavarapu. "Seismic soil structure interaction of reinforced concrete frame building supported on foundations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1136, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1136/1/012005.

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Senjuntichai, Teerapong. "Horizontal Vibrations of Embedded Foundation in Multi-Layered Poroelastic Soils." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 5, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.45381.

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In this paper, the dynamic response of rigid foundations of arbitrary shape embedded in multi-layered poroelastic soils subjected to time-harmonic horizontal loading is presented. The soil-structure interaction problem is investigated by employing a discretization technique and flexibility equations based on the influence functions obtained from an exact stiffness matrix scheme. The present solution scheme is verified with relevant existing solutions of rigid foundations on homogeneous elastic and poroelastic media. A selected set of numerical results are illustrated to portray the influence of various parameters, namely, frequency of excitation, poroelastic material parameters, foundation shapes, embedded depth, and the supporting soil systems, on non-dimensional horizontal compliances of rigid foundations.

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Vieira, Mário, Miguel Viana, Elsa Henriques, and Luís Reis. "Soil Interaction and Grout Behavior for the NREL Reference Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040298.

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Monopiles for offshore wind are the most used foundations by farm operators due to their low production costs, when compared to other bottom-fixed or floating foundations. In this research, a monopile foundation for offshore wind power was evaluated for its soil interaction and grout behavior, and an appropriate numerical model for the structural analysis of the foundation and tower was developed. FAST 8, an aero-hydro-servo-elastic numerical code developed by NREL, was used to obtain the loads applied on the supporting structures. These loads were pre-processed before they were inputted on the finite element model, developed using the finite element software ANSYS. The considered conical grout connection, which connects the monopile to the transition piece through friction, was modeled under a changing-status nonlinearity condition. To model the soil–pile interaction, a p-y model was applied using the ANSYS APDL commands. Static, modal, and transient structural analyses were produced to study the structure suitability for its use on offshore environments. Different soil interactions were modeled, and their results were then compared within the transient and modal analysis, indicating that the angle of the grout connection strongly affects the loading conditions on the grout. Moreover, scouring affects the dynamic behavior of the overall supporting structures, thus protection against this phenomenon is suggested.

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Norkus, Arnoldas, and Vaidas Martinkus. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEARING RESISTANCE OF SHORT DISPLACEMENT PILE GROUPS IN DENSE SANDS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.10403.

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The prediction of the behavior of structures interacting with soil is one of the main challenges in structural design. Accurate evaluation of soil–structure interaction ensures a rational design solution for the superstructure and foundation of a building. In structural analysis, one of the key problems is the identification of relevant movements of the foundation considering the interaction between the superstructure, foundation and ground (the soil mass around the foundation). The correct assessment of soil–structure interaction contributes to the rational constructional design of the superstructure and foundation and allows avoiding violations of requirements for ultimate and serviceability limit states possible due to unpredicted additional stress on the structural system. Resistance predictions for pile group foundations is a complex problem, which may be the reason for scattered and insufficient information available despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, predominated by the focus on partial empirical relationships. This experimental study analyzed the prototype of a short displacement pile group with a flexible pile cap in terms of the bearing capacity and deformation behavior while subjected to static axial vertical load. In particular, attention was given to the resistance–stiffness evolution of single piles acting in a pile group with different spacing. Test results of short displacement pile groups were used to verify known models for the bearing resistance prediction of the pile group.

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Boulkhiout, Radhwane. "Soil Densification Effect on The Seismic Response of Structures Taking into Consideration Soil-Structure Interaction." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 2, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2021.004.003.

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Soil compaction is a considerable construction activity to ensure safety and durability, notably in the transportation industry. This technique of compaction increases soil bulk density and soil strength, while decreases porosity, aggregate stability index, soil hydraulic conductivity, and nutrient availability, thus reduces soil health. Consequently, it lowers crop performance via stunted aboveground growth coupled with reduced root growth. Therefore, if the characteristics of the soil are changed, it will affect the response of the structures. In this work, the effect of improving soil characteristics by compaction techniques on the dynamic response of foundations and structures, taking into consideration the effect of soil-structure interaction was determined. The dynamic response of foundations is presented by the impedances functions, which are determined numerically by the CONAN program, based on the cone method. In addition, the response of the structure will be presented according to the lateral displacement in each level of it. This motion vector is a function of the forces in each level; for this, the equivalent static method was applied, which allows to calculate the seismic force at the base and its distribution on the height of the structure. The results obtained show the efficiency of soil densification on the seismic response of MDOF frames.

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Móczár, Balázs, Zsuzsanna Polgár, and András Mahler. "A comparative study of soil-structure interaction in the case of frame structures with raft foundation." Materials and Geoenvironment 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rmzmag-2016-0001.

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AbstractDesign and modelling of raft foundations and selecting the value of coefficient of vertical subgrade reaction are still actively discussed topics in geotechnical and structural engineering. In everyday practice, soil–structure interaction is mostly taken into account by using the theory of ‘beam on elastic foundation’, in which the soil is substituted by a certain set of coefficients of subgrade reaction. In this study, finite element analysis of a building was performed using a geotechnical software (Plaxis 3D), which is capable of modelling the subsoil as a continuum, and a structural software (Axis VM), which uses the concept of ‘beam on elastic foundation’. The evaluation of the results and recommendations for everyday engineering practice are introduced in this paper.

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Banerjee, Arundhuti, Tanusree Chakraborty, and Vasant Matsagar. "Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of an Offshore Wind Turbine Considering Frequency-Dependent Soil–Structure Interaction Parameters." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 06 (June 2018): 1850086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500864.

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This study investigates the dynamic response of a 5[Formula: see text]MW offshore wind turbine with monopile foundation subjected to wind and wave actions under parked condition. It includes dynamic interaction between the monopile and the underlying soil subjected to stochastic wind and wave loading. The offshore wind turbine tower has been modeled using the finite element software ANSYS 14 as a line structure and it comprises a rotor blade system, a nacelle, and a flexible tower under parked condition. The mass of the rotor, blade, and nacelle are lumped at the top of the tower for simplicity. Stochastic wind and wave loadings are simulated using the Kaimal spectrum and the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum correlating wind and wave forces, respectively. The soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect at the foundation level is taken into consideration by including rotational as well as lateral spring constants derived from Wolf’s double cone model for embedded foundations. The results are studied in the frequency domain for both wind and wave loadings in the form of power spectral density functions, which show that the response of the structure depends not only on the external forces but also on the soil–structure interaction effect. Under very soft soil conditions, the displacement response is amplified to a very high value under wind loading when compared with that under wave loading at lower frequencies. Incorporation of soil–structure interaction also modified the peak value of displacement and its subsequent frequency when compared with that for the fixed base structure which does not consider soil–structure interaction.

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Zhang, Chao, Chengwang Wu, and Piguang Wang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Bridge Group Pile Foundations considering Fluid-Pile-Soil Interaction." Shock and Vibration 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838813.

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The cross-sea bridges play an important role to promote the development of regional economy. These bridges located in earthquake-prone areas may be subjected to severe earthquakes during their lifetime. Group pile foundations have been widely used in cross-sea bridges due to their structural efficiency, ease of construction, and low cost. This paper investigates the seismic performance of bridge pile foundation based on the seismic fragility analysis. Based on the analysis platform OpenSees, the three-dimensional finite model of the bridge pile foundation is developed, where the pile-water interaction is replaced by the added mass method, nonlinear p-y, t-z, and q-z elements are used to simulate pile-soil interaction, and the displacement of the surface ground motion due to seismic excitations is applied on all spring supports. The seismic fragility curves of the bridge pile foundation are generated by using the earthquake records recommended by FEMA P695 as input motions. The curvature ductility based fragility curves are obtained using seismic responses for different peak ground accelerations. The effects of pile-water interaction, soil conditions, and different types of ground motions on the bridge pier fragilities are studied and discussed. Seismic fragility of the pier-group pile system shows that Sec C (the bottom section of the pier) is the most vulnerable section in the example fluid-structure-soil interaction (FSSI) system for all four damage LSs. The seismic responses of Sec E (a pile section located at the interface of the soil layer and water layer) are much lower than other sections. The parameter analysis shows that pile-water interaction has slight influence (less than 5%) on the fragility curves of the bridge pier. For the bridge group pile foundations considering the fluid-pile-soil interaction, PNF may induce larger seismic response than far-field (FF) and no-pulse near field (NNF). The bridge pile foundation in stiff soil is most vulnerable to seismic damage than soft condition.

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Elwi, Mohammed, Bassman Muhammed, and Nada Alhussiny. "Evaluation of soil-structure interaction for structures subjected to earthquake loading with different types of foundation." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816204026.

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However though the structures are supported on soil, most of the designers do not consider the soil structure interaction and its subsequent effect on structure during an earthquake. Different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. When a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts the foundation and soil, and thus changes the motion of the ground. It means that the movement of the whole ground structure system is influenced by type of soil as well as by the type of structure. Tall buildings are supposed to be of engineered construction in sense that they might have been analyzed and designed to meet the provision of relevant codes of practice and building bye-laws. IS 1893: 2002 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” gives response spectrum for different types of soil such as hard, medium and soft. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of Soil-structure interaction on multi storeyed buildings with various foundation systems. Also to study the response of buildings subjected to seismic forces with Rigid and Flexible foundations. Multi storeyed buildings with fixed and flexible support subjected to seismic forces were analyzed under different soil conditions like hard, medium and soft. The buildings were analyzed by Response spectrum method using software SAP2000. The response of building frames such as Lateral deflection, Story drift, Base shear, Axial force and Column moment values for all building frames were presented in this paper.

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Rajkumar, Karmegam, Ramanathan Ayothiraman, and Vasant A. Matsagar. "Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Torsionally Coupled Base Isolated Machine Foundation under Earthquake Load." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 20, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686646.

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In this paper, the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on a torsionally coupled turbo-generator (TG) machine foundation is studied under earthquake ground motions. The beneficial effects of base isolators in the TG foundation under earthquake ground motions are also studied duly, considering the effects of SSI. A typical TG foundation is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model. Two superstructure eccentricity ratios are considered to represent the torsional coupling. Soft soil properties are considered to study the effects of SSI. This research concludes that the effects of torsional coupling alter the natural frequencies, if ignored, could lead to unsafe design. The deck accelerations and displacements are increased with an increase in superstructure eccentricity. On the other hand, the deck accelerations and displacements are greatly reduced with the help of base isolators, thus confirming the beneficial use of base isolators in machine foundations to protect the sensitive equipment from the strong earthquake ground motions. However, the effects of SSI reduce the natural frequencies of the TG foundation resting on soft soil conditions and activate the higher mode participation, resulting in amplifying the response.

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Bhattacharya, S., N. Nikitas, J. Garnsey, N. A. Alexander, J. Cox, D. Lombardi, D. Muir Wood, and D. F. T. Nash. "Observed dynamic soil–structure interaction in scale testing of offshore wind turbine foundations." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 54 (November 2013): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.012.

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Cavalieri, Francesco, António A. Correia, Helen Crowley, and Rui Pinho. "Dynamic soil-structure interaction models for fragility characterisation of buildings with shallow foundations." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 132 (May 2020): 106004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106004.

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Madsen, Soren, Rodney Pinna, Mark Randolph, and Lars V. Andersen. "Buckling of monopod bucket foundations-influence of boundary conditions and soil-structure interaction." Wind and Structures 21, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.21.6.641.

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Comodromos, Emilios M., Mello C. Papadopoulou, and Lyesse Laloui. "Contribution to the design methodologies of piled raft foundations under combined loadings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 4 (April 2016): 559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0251.

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Although simplified design methods for piled raft foundations have been proposed to allow for the group effect and soil–pile–raft interaction, most of them are concentrated on one type of loading, rendering the applicability of these methods limited to cases under such loads. In the case of a combined pile raft foundation (CPRF), the structural loads are carried partly by the piles and partly by the raft as a function of the foundation settlement, rendering the CPRF a complex soil–structure interaction issue. Despite the recent development of computational resources and advances in numerical expertise, a detailed three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analysis, accounting for soil nonlinearities, nonlinear behavior of the interfaces between the soil, piles, and raft under various combinations of loadings remains impractical. The objective of this paper is to provide a rather simplified and straightforward design methodology for pile foundations under combined loadings. To achieve this goal, previous research works on the group effect under axial and lateral loading have been evaluated and the piles–raft interaction effect has been considered. The proposed procedure is fully compatible with structural software codes and can be straightforwardly applied to the design of the structural members, as it is able to effectively solve a CPRF under the numerous combinations of loadings required by most design codes.

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Pinheiro dos Santos, Yago Ryan, Maria Isabela Marques da Cunha Vieira Bello, Alexandre Duarte Gusmão, and Jonny Dantas Patricio. "Soil-structure interaction analysis in reinforced concrete structures on footing foundation." Soils and Rocks 44, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.058020.

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Soil-structure interaction (SSI) evaluates how soil or rock deformability imposes on the structure a different load path in a hypothesis of fixed supports, altering the loads acting on the structural elements and the ground. This paper discusses the results of the SSI effects in two buildings with a reinforced concrete structure and shallow foundations in a rock mass. The settlements were monitored by field instrumentation in five stages of their construction, making it possible to estimate through interpolation curves the settlements values of some points. The numerical modeling and structural analysis of the buildings were obtained for two different cases of soil-structure interaction. The structure was considered having fixed supports (non-displaceable) and displaceable supports (with stiffness spring coefficients K). The results reveals the occurrence of SSI effects, with a load redistribution between the columns that occurred differently for the different construction stages. Structural modeling proved to be quite representative, pointing to higher vertical load values than the average values present in building edge zones, which contradicts the conventional idea that central columns are more loaded than the edge columns. The soil-structure interaction analyses resulted in different behaviors regarding both towers; pointing out that low settlements and building symmetry in plan minimize the effects of interaction, with no tendency of load redistribution between columns as the structure rigidity increases, as construction development.

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Pachla, Henryk. "Conditions of Proper Interaction of Low-Pressure Injection Piles (LIP) with Structure and Soil, Carrying Capacity of Pile Anchorage in Foundation." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2016-0029.

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Abstract The formation of a pile in the existing foundation and soil creates a new foundation construction which has a structure of foundation-pile-soil. This construction must be able to transfer loads from the foundation to the pile and from the pile to the soil. The pile structure has to transfer an imposed load. From the point of view of continuum mechanics determination of the capacity of such a system is preceded by the analysis of contact problem of three contact surfaces. Each of these surfaces is determined by different pairs of materials. The pair which creates a pile anchorage is a material from which the foundation is built (structure of stone and grout, brick and grout, concrete or reinforced concrete and grout. The pile structure is formed by grout and steel rebar. The pile formed in soil is created by a pair of grout and soil. What is important is that on contact surfaces the materials adhering to one another are subjected to different deformation types that are controlled by mechanical properties and geometry of these surfaces. In the paper, additional conditions that should be fulfilled for the foundation-pile-soil system to make load transfer from foundation to soil possible and safe are presented. The results of research done by the author on foundation-pile contact surface are discussed. The tests were targeted at verifying the bearing capacity of anchorage and deformation of piles made of grout and other materials from which foundations are built. The specimens were tested in tension and compression. The experiments were conducted on the amount specimens which is regarded as small sample to enable the statistical analysis of the results.

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Li, Z. N., Q. S. Li, and M. L. Lou. "Numerical studies on the effects of the lateral boundary on soil-structure interaction in homogeneous soil foundations." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 20, no. 4 (July 10, 2005): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2005.20.4.421.

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Xie, Yunfei, Shichun Chi, and Maohua Wang. "Influence of Variable Rigidity Design of Piled Raft Foundation on Seismic Performance of Buildings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1780197.

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In order to reduce the costs and improve the overall performance of building systems, the static optimized design with variable rigidity of piled raft foundations has been widely used in recent years. Variable rigidity design of piled raft foundations that support midrise buildings in high-risk seismic zones can alter the dynamic characteristics of the soil-pile-structure system during an earthquake due to soil-pile-structure interaction. To investigate these aspects, a nuclear power plant sitting on multilayered soil is simulated numerically. The paper describes a numerical modeling technique for the simulation of complex seismic soil-pile-structure interaction phenomena. It was observed that the total shear force on top of the piles and the rocking of the raft are reduced after optimization, whereas the displacement of the superstructure is nearly unaffected. The findings of this study can help engineers select a correct pile arrangement when considering the seismic performance of a building sitting on soft soil.

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Stewart, Jonathan P. "Variations between Foundation-Level and Free-Field Earthquake Ground Motions." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586124.

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Strong motion data from sites having both an instrumented structure and free-field accelerograph are compiled to evaluate the conditions for which foundation recordings provide a reasonably unbiased estimate of free-field motion with minimal uncertainty. Variations between foundation and free-field spectral acceleration are found to correlate well with dimensionless parameters that strongly influence kinematic and inertial soil-structure interaction phenomena such as embedement ratio, dimensionless frequency (i.e., product of radial frequency and foundation radius normalized by soil shear wave velocity), and ratio of structure-to-soil stiffness. Low frequency components of spectral acceleration recorded on shallowly embedded foundations are found to provide good estimates of free-field motion. In contrast, foundation-level peak ground acceleration (both horizontal and vertical) and maximum horizontal velocity, are found to be de-amplified. Implications for ground motion selection procedures employed in attenuation relations are discussed, and specific recommendations are made as to how these procedures could be improved.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil-structure interaction; Foundations'

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