Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soil-structure interaction. Structural dynamics. Finite element method'

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 87 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um código computacional que possibilite a análise dinâmica de estruturas tridimensionais em regime elástico-linear acopladas ao solo, tratado como meio infinito elastoplástico. As superestruturas são tratadas por elementos finitos simples de casca e de barra geral, as estruturas de fundações são tratadas por elementos de casca que simulam o contato com o solo, modelando radiers, túneis e reservatórios enterrados. Blocos são modelados por elementos de contorno tridimensionais. O solo é modelado de duas maneiras distintas: na região plastificada emprega-se a solução fundamental de Kelvin (estática) e na região não plastificada (elástica) adota-se a solução fundamental do problema de Stokes. O acoplamento entre os meios é feito aplicando-se a técnica de subregiões. Deve ficar claro que todo procedimento estático equivalente foi implementado. Vários exemplos numéricos são apresentados, onde se percebe a eficiência do código computacional desenvolvido
The objective of the present work is the development of a computational code that makes possible dynamic analyses of three-dimensional structures in elastic-linear behavior coupled to the soil, modeled as elastoplastic infinite medium. Simple finite elements, shell and general bars, are used to model elastic structures. The structures of foundations are modeled by shell’s elements which simulate the contact with the soil, modeling radiers, tunnels and buried reservoirs. Blocks are modeled by three-dimensional boundary elements. The soil is modeled in two different ways: in the plastic region Kelvin’s fundamental solution (static) is used and in the elastic region the fundamental solution of the Stoke’s problem is adopted. The coupling among the media is done applying the sub-region technique. It is important to note that the equivalent static procedure has been implemented. Several numerical examples are presented, demonstrating the efficiency of the developed computational code

This work is focused on the numerical modelling of fluid-structure interaction in three dimensions. Both internal and external laminar flow around flexible bodies are considered. The fluid flow simulated is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the general focus is on laminar Newtonian flow. The streamline upwind/ pressure stabilising Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG/PSPG) method is employed to achieve a stable low order finite element discretisation of the fluid, while the solid is discretised spatially by a standard Galerkin finite element approach. The behavior of the solid is governed by Neo-Hooke elasticity. For temporal discretisation the discrete implicit generalised-alpha method is employed for both the fluid and the solid domains. The motion of the fluid mesh is solved using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) scheme employing a nonlinear pseudo-elastic mesh update method. The fluid-solid interface is modelled using a finite element interpolation method that allows for non-matching meshes and satisfies the required conservation laws. The resulting sets of fully implicit strongly coupled nonlinear equations are then decomposed into a general framework consisting of fluid, interface and solid domains. These equations are then solved using different solution techniques consisting of strongly coupled monolithic Newton and block Gauss-Seidel methods as well as a weakly coupled novel staggered scheme. These solvers are employed to solve a number of three dimensional numerical examples consisting of: External flow: o a soft elastic beam fixed at both ends o a thin cantilever plate.

Orientador: Renato Pavanello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio_LeonardoMachado_M.pdf: 4297559 bytes, checksum: 9607067525a5f1e234ed72d8bcef64ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A explotação de petróleo em ambientes off-shore possui inúmeras dificuldades, dentre as quais lâminas d'águas cada vez mais profundas. Neste contexto, as linhas submarinas são componentes de grande importância nesta atividade, pois estabelecem a comunicação entre as unidades de produção e os equipamentos submarinos. Este trabalho estuda a interação solo-estrutura de risers rígidos em catenária utilizando a formulação co-rotacional através de abordagens estática e dinâmica. A abordagem estática trata do equílibrio estático de estruturas não-lineares, no qual utiliza-se a estratégia de controle por carregamento;enquanto a abordagem dinâmica utiliza a discretização temporal de Newmark para resolução do equílibrio dinâmico de estruturas não-lineares. Este estudo mostra a implementação de modelos com um e dois parâmetros baseados das hipóteses de Winkler, Filonenko-Borodich e Pasternak no contexto interação da estrutura do riser com o leito marinho
Abstract: The petroleum explotation on off-shore enviorments has differents dificulties, for example deeper water deths. In this context, the marine pipes are components of extreme importance, since they are the comunication between the production units and the subsea equipaments. This work studies the soil-structure interaction of steel cathenary risers using corotational formulation within static and dynamic approaches of structural calculation. The static approach focus on the non-linear static equilibrium of structures using the load control strategy. On the other side, the dynamic approach uses the Newmark time discretization to solve the non-linear dynamic equilibrium equation. This study shows the implementation of foundation with one and two parameter based on hipotheses of Winkler, Filonenko-Borodich and Pasternak in the riser structure and soil interaction context
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

A dynamical system approach is utilized to reduce the representation order of unsteady fluid flows and fluid-structure interaction systems. This approach allows for significant reduction in the computational cost of their numerical simulations, implementation of optimization and control methodologies and assessment of their dynamic stability. In the first chapter, I present a new Lagrangian function to derive the equations of motion of unsteady point vortices. This representation is a reconciliation between Newtonian and Lagrangian mechanics yielding a new approach to model the dynamics of these vortices. In the second chapter, I investigate the flutter of a helicopter rotor blade using finite-state time approximation of the unsteady aerodynamics. The analysis showed a new stability region that could not be determined under the assumption of a quasi-steady flow. In the third chapter, I implement the unsteady vortex lattice method to quantify the effects of tail flexibility on the propulsive efficiency of a fish. I determine that flexibility enhances the propulsion. In the fourth chapter, I consider the stability of a flapping micro air vehicle and use different approaches to design the transition from hovering to forward flight. I determine that first order averaging is not suitable and that time periodic dynamics are required for the controller to achieve this transition. In the fifth chapter, I derive a mathematical model for the free motion of a two-body planar system representing a fish under the action of coupled dynamics and hydrodynamics loads. I conclude that the psicform fish family are inherently stable under certain conditions that depend on the location of the center of mass.
Ph. D.
We present modeling approaches of the interaction between flying or swimming bodies and the surrounding fluids. We consider their stability as they perform special maneuvers. The approaches are applied to rotating blades of helicopters, fish-like robots, and micro-air vehicles. We develop and validate a new mathematical representation for the flow generated by moving or deforming elements. We also assess the effects of fast variations in the flow on the stability of a rotating helicopter blade. The results point to a new stable regime for their operation. In other words, the fast flow variations could stabilize the rotating blades. These results can also be applied to the analysis of stability of rotating blades of wind turbines. We consider the effects of flexing a tail on the propulsive force of fish-like robots. The results show that adding flexibility enhances the efficiency of the fish propulsion. Inspired by the ability of some birds and insects to transition from hovering to forward motion, we thoroughly investigate different approaches to model and realize this transition. We determine that no simplification should be applied to the rigorous model representing the flapping flight in order to model transition phenomena correctly. Finally, we model the forward-swim dynamics of psciform and determine the condition on the center of mass for which a robotic fish can maintain its stability. This condition could help in designing fish-like robots that perform stable underwater maneuvers.

Aplica-se uma formulação Lagrangeana total do Método dos elementos Finitos (MEF) baseada em posições para obter a resposta dinâmica não linear de risers bidimensionais em contato com o leito do mar. Os elementos finitos adaptados e aplicados nas soluções são de barras curvas de pórtico com cinemática de Reissner. Os risers são estruturas cilíndricas e esbeltas utilizadas na indústria offshore para transportar desde o fundo do mar até a plataforma gases, óleos, minerais ou lodo, entre outros produtos. Na modelagem dessas estruturas, destacam-se três problemas de imediato, são eles: a determinação da catenária inicial da tubulação, o comportamento estrutural após a aplicação de deslocamentos severos no topo do riser quando ancorado à plataforma ou embarcação flutuante e o contato do riser com o leito do mar. Estes problemas resultam ou são agravados pela forte instabilidade presente nessas estruturas em razão da grande relação entre a extensão dos dutos e sua rigidez transversal. Para obter a configuração inicial, três técnicas de penalização foram desenvolvidas e comparadas. A primeira utiliza a redução progressiva da rigidez da seção transversal do riser, a segunda aplica a penalização direta nos deslocamentos nodais do riser e a terceira emprega uma solução dinâmica amortecida com redução progressiva da massa e do amortecimento. As técnicas são comparadas entre si e com resultados das bibliografias. A metodologia desenvolvida para a aplicação de deslocamentos severos no topo do riser é fundamentada na suavização da posição tentativa, através de fórmula empírica baseada na remodelagem de malhas da mecânica dos fluidos. Discretiza-se o solo com molas distribuídas, de comportamento linear e não linear físico, cuja influência nodal é desenvolvida consistentemente. De forma geral a introdução dessas molas é feita através da técnica da penalização da energia potencial total. Descreve-se o comportamento não linear, comumente utilizado para solos coesivos argilosos, com um modelo P-y que considera a penetração inicial, a elevação, assim como a repenetração e alguns ciclos de carregamento e descarregamento delimitados pelas curvas das cargas extremas. Uma técnica de moderação das penalidades é utilizada para auxiliar no problema de contato entre o solo e o riser. Além desses aspectos específicos do trabalho, implementaram-se na formulação do MEF as ações decorrentes de carregamentos de flutuação, peso próprio, forças das correntes do mar e condições de contorno (forças e deslocamentos) devidas às ondas do mar. Realiza-se a integração temporal pelo método clássico de Newmark. A formulação desenvolvida junto com as estratégias implementadas mostram-se adequadas e precisas para o tratamento de risers.
A total Lagrangian Finite Element Method (FEM) formulation based on positions is applied to achieve the static and dynamic responses of two dimensional risers that touch the seabed. The adapted finite elements to model risers are curved frame elements based on the Reissner kinematics. Risers are cylindrical slender structures used in the offshore industry to transport from the underground mineral resources (gas, petroleum, mud etc) to the platforms or vessels. In the analysis of this kind of structure three problems immediately arise, that are: the determination of the initial static position (catenary) of the riser, its dynamic behavior when subjected to severe loads or displacements at the top (floating platforms or vessels) and the interaction among the riser and the seabed. These problems come from or are worsened by the strong instability resulting from the large rate between the extension and the transverse dimension of the riser. In order to solve the initial position three techniques are developed and compared. The first uses a progressive reduction of the transverse stiffness of the riser, the second applies a direct penalization on the nodal displacements of the riser and the third employs a dynamic solution with mass and damping reduction. The achieved results are compared with the ones available in literature. The developed methodology to apply severe displacements at the top of risers is a smoothing procedure of the first trial position, based on a strategy of remeshing used in fluid-structure interaction analysis. The soil (seabed), with linear or non-linear behavior is represented by distributed springs and their nodal influence is consistently developed. In a general way the introduction of these springs is done penalizing the total potential energy function. The non-linear behavior, commonly used for cohesive and clayey soil, is done by a P-y model that takes into account the initial penetration, the elevation, as well as some cyclical loads established by extreme curves. A moderation technique of penalty is used to improve the convergence of the soil-structure interaction process. In addition to these specific aspects of the thesis, there are implemented actions resulting from floating, selfweight, sea streams, and waive forces. The time integration is performed by the Newmark method. Examples reveal that the developed formulation and the proposed strategies are adequate to model submersed risers in contact with the seabed.

Foreign object ingestion (FOI) into jet engines is a recurring scenario during the operation life of aircraft. Objects can range from as small as a pebble on the tarmac to the size of a large bird. Among the potential ingestion scenarios, damage caused by smaller objects may be considered to be negligible. Alternatively, larger objects can initiate progressive damage, potentially leading to catastrophic failure, compromising the integrity of the structure, and endangering the safety of passengers. Considering the dramatic increase in air traffic, FOI represents a crucial safety hazard, and must be better understood to minimize possible damage and structural failure. The main purpose of this study is to develop a unique methodology to assess the response and dynamic damage progression of an advanced, high-bypass propulsion system in the event of an FOI during operation. Using a finite element framework, a unique modeling methodology has been proposed in order to characterize the FOI response of the system. In order to demonstrate versatility of the computational analysis, the impact characteristics of two most common foreign object materials, bird and ice, were investigated. These materials were then defined in finite element domain, verified computationally, and then validated against the existing physical experiments. In addition to the mechanics of the two FOI materials, other material definitions, used to characterize the structures of the high-bypass propulsion system, were also explored. Both composite materials and rate dependent definitions for metal alloys were investigated to represent the damage mechanics in the event of an FOI. Subsequently, damage sequence of high-bypass propulsion systems subject to FOI was developed and assessed, using a uniquely devised Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) technique. Using advanced finite element formulation, this approach enabled the accurate simulation of the comprehensive damage progression of the propulsion systems by including aerodynamic interaction. Through this strategy, fluid mechanics was combined with structural mechanics in order to simulate the mutual interaction between both continua, allowing the interpretation of both the additional damage caused by the fluid flow and disrupted aerodynamics induced by the dynamic deformation of the fan blade. Subsequently, this multidisciplinary-multiphysics computational approach, in the framework of the comprehensive analysis methodology introduced, enabled the effective determination of details on the overall progressive impact damage, not traditionally available to propulsion designers.
PHD

This thesis deals with dynamic behavior of rotor dynamics system vibrating in a liquid. Work is factually oriented on influence of the liquid to natural frequences of rotor of vortex turbine. There is described the creation of geometric and computational model of the system and the results of natural frequences and damping in dependence on environment are presen-ted. There are compared variations in natural frequences of the rotor system, which are caused of the interaction of the various level of the water environment. The step of integration are tested and compared for choise solving method. Problem is solved by computational simulation in commercial software ANSYS 11.0 There is used software tools Multiphysics/FSI.

Este trabalho pode ser dividido em três etapas principais. Inicialmente é proposta uma formulação estabilizada do método dos elementos finitos (MEF) para solução de problemas de escoamento incompressível governado pela equação de Navier-Stokes. Esta formulação foi implementada em um código computacional e testada através de diversos exemplos numéricos. Alguns elementos finitos com diferentes pares de função de interpolação da velocidade e pressão, consagrados na literatura, e também elementos finitos menos populares, foram investigados e seus resultados e performance comparados. A segunda etapa consiste na formulação do problema estrutural. Buscou-se por uma formulação dinâmica, não linear, capaz de simular movimentos complexos de estruturas sujeitas a grandes deslocamentos e grandes deformações durante longos intervalos de tempo. A etapa final deste trabalho é a proposição de um método para solução de problemas de Interação Fluido Estrutura (IFE) que utiliza o conceito de fronteiras imersas como alternativa a abordagens ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) clássicas. Elementos Finitos Generalizados, juntamente com Multiplicadores de Lagrange, são utilizados para prover descontinuidade nos campos de velocidade e pressão do fluido ao longo da interface com a estrutura. O acoplamento dos dois problemas é realizado utilizando um método implícito e alternado (staggered scheme), que possui a vantagem de permitir, facilmente, a implementação de códigos computacionais desenvolvidos para resolver isoladamente o problema fluido e/ou estrutural.
This work is divided in three parts. Initially, it is presented a stabilized Finite Element Method formulation to solve fluid flow problems governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations. This formulation was implemented in a computer code and validated throughout several numeric simulations. Some well-known finite elements with different pairs of velocity/pressure approximations, as well as some other less popular elements, were investigated and their performance compared. The second part describes the Structural Problem formulation. This formulation is able to simulate nonlinear dynamic problems involving large displacements and finite strains during long period of time. In the final part of this work, it is proposed a Fluid-Structure Interaction method based on an immersed interface approach in opposition to classical ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) approaches. Generalized Finite Elements, together with Lagrange Multipliers, are used to provide velocity and pressure discontinuities on the fluid domain across the immersed interface. To couple both fluid and structural problems, an implicit staggered scheme is adopted, which allows the easy implementation of already developed black box computer codes.

O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um código computacional baseado no método dos elementos finitos (MEF), para análise bidimensional de interação fluido-estrutura. Desenvolve-se um código bidimensional para dinâmica de fluidos compressíveis, viscosos ou não, em formulação Euleriana, com base no algoritmo CBS – characteristic based split. Então o código desenvolvido é adaptado para poder ser acoplado a um programa de formulação Lagrangeana para análise dinâmica de estruturas, o que é feito através do emprego da descrição Lagrangeana - Euleriana arbitrária (ALE). Por fim procede-se o acoplamento com um código para análise de estruturas, de formulação posicional e não linear geométrica, baseado no método dos elementos finitos.
The present work consists of the development of a computational code based on the element finite method for fluid-structure interaction analysis. A two-dimensional fluid dynamic Eulerian code is developed based on the CBS algorithm – characteristic based split. Then, the computational code is modified to be coupled with a Lagrangean structures dynamical code by using the arbitrary Lagrangean – Eulerian description (ALE). At the end, the coupling is made with a positional nonlinear geometrical structural dynamics code based on the finite element method.

This work deals with the development of numerical methods for compressible flow simulation with application to the interaction of fluid flows and structural bodies.

First, we develop numerical methods based on multidimensional upwind residual distribution (RD) schemes. Theoretical results for the stability and accuracy of the methods are given. Then, the RD schemes for unsteady problems are extended for computations on moving meshes. As a second approach, cell centered and vertex centered finite volume (FV) schemes are considered. The RD schemes are compared to FV schemes by means of the 1D modified equation and by the comparison of the numerical results for scalar problems and system of Euler equations. We present a number of two and three dimensional steady and unsteady test cases, illustrating properties of the numerical methods. The results are compared with the theoretical solution and experimental data.

In the second part, a numerical method for fluid-structure interaction problems is developed. The problem is divided into three distinct sub-problems: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Solid Mechanics and the problem of fluid mesh movement. The problem of Computational Solid Mechanics is formulated as a system of partial differential equations for an anisotropic elastic continuum and solved by the finite element method. The mesh movement is determined using the pseudo-elastic continuum approach and solved again by the finite element method. The coupling of the problems is achieved by a simple sub-iterative approach. Capabilities of the methods are demonstrated on computations of 2D supersonic panel flutter and 3D transonic flutter of the AGARD 445.6 wing. In the first case, the results are compared with the theoretical solution and the numerical computations given in the references. In the second case the comparison with experimental data is presented.

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Neste trabalho, a resposta dinâmica de um riser marítimo devido à geração e desprendimento alternado de vórtices é investigada numericamente. O riser é dividido em seções bidimensionais ao longo de seu comprimento. O Método dos Vórtices Discretos é empregado para a determinação das forças hidrodinâmicas que agem nestas seções bidimensionais. As seções hidrodinâmicas são resolvidas independentemente, e o acoplamento entre as mesmas é feito através da solução da estrutura no domínio do tempo pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos. Os resultados numéricos são comparados com resultados obtidos experimentalmente. Processamento paralelo é empregado para melhorar a performance do método. As simulações são realizadas através de uma metodologia mestre-escravo, utilizando MPI Message Passing Interface para explorar o paralelismo. A escalabilidade do algoritmo é mostrada e discutida. Este trabalho representa o desenvolvimento de um simulador que permite, efetivamente, a análise dinâmica de um riser com características e dimensões representativas das condições reais encontradas em campo, a um custo computacional factível para seu uso como uma ferramenta de engenharia. Isto é obtido por meio da técnica de processamento paralelo, aliada à solução do escoamento através de um método eficiente de CFD Método dos Vórtices Discretos e à solução da estrutura através do Método dos Elementos Finitos.
In this work the dy6namic response of a marine riser due to vortex shedding is numerically investigated. The riser is divided in two-dimensional sections along the riser length. The Discrete Vortex Method is employed for the assessment of the hydrodynamic forces acting on these two-dimensional sections. The hydrodynamic sections are solved independently, and the coupling among the sections is taken into account by the solution of the structure in the time domain by the Finite Element Method. The numerical results are compared with results obtained experimentally. Parallel processing is employed to improve the performance of the method. The simulations are carried out through a master-slave approach using MPI Message Passing Interface to exploit the parallelism. Scalability of the algorithm is shown and discussed. This work represents the development of a simulator that effectively allows the dynamic analysis of a riser with representative characteristics and dimensions of real field conditions, with a feasible computational cost for its use as an engineering tool. This is obtained by means of the parallel processing technique, together with an efficient CFD solution of the flow with de Discrete Vortex Method and the solution of the structure with the Finite Element Method.

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo para análise tridimensional não linear geométrica de edifícios considerando a influência de todas as partes componentes do sistema estrutural, incluindo a ligação núcleo-laje e o solo de fundação. Pilares e vigas são modelados com elementos finitos de barra com seção transversal de forma qualquer, enquanto as lajes são modeladas por elementos finitos de casca. Ambos consideram o comportamento não linear geométrico e adotam como graus de liberdade posições nodais e vetores generalizados ao invés de deslocamentos e rotações, sendo também considerado para o elemento de barra o grau de liberdade de empenamento da seção. Apresenta-se uma estratégia cinemática para o acoplamento de topo entre os elementos de casca e a seção dos elementos de barra, gerando assim um elemento de núcleo com diafragma. O acoplamento se dá através de uma matriz de incidência cinemática responsável por inserir na Hessiana e no vetor de forças internas do elemento de barra que discretiza o núcleo as contribuições de elementos de casca a ele conectadas. Admite-se para os materiais do edifício a lei constitutiva elástico-linear de Saint Venant-Kirchhoff e a não linearidade geométrica é considerada através de uma formulação Lagrangiana total com cinemática exata. A flexibilidade dos apoios é considerada através de uma matriz de rigidez do sistema solo-fundação. Esta matriz é calculada em outro programa de acoplamento entre o Método dos Elementos de Contorno e o Método dos Elementos Finitos por meio de uma estratégia numérica baseada, por sua vez, no Teorema de Betti-Maxwell. A estratégia consiste na determinação de coeficientes de flexibilidade de pontos sobre uma malha discreta do sistema solo-fundação, sendo o solo modelado via Método dos Elementos de Contorno com uso da solução fundamental de Mindlin e os elementos estruturais de fundação, que podem incluir placas, sapatas, blocos e estacas, são modeladas com elementos finitos convencionais de barra e de casca. O programa permite a análise de edifícios completos, considerando a influência do empenamento dos núcleos nos pavimentos e também os efeitos da interação solo-estrutura. Exemplos numéricos são apresentados para confirmar a eficiência e demonstrar o potencial de aplicação da formulação proposta.
In this thesis a numerical model for geometric nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional structures of tall buildings was developed, considering the influence of all structural components, including the core-slab connection and the foundation system. Columns and beams are modeled by a frame finite element which can have a cross section of any shape, while the slabs are modeled by shell finite elements. Both consider the nonlinear geometric behavior and adopt nodal positions and generalized vectors as degrees of freedom instead of displacements and rotations. For the frame finite element it is also considered the cross sectional warping as a degree of freedom. A numerical strategy is presented for the coupling between the shell elements and the frame\'s cross section, thus forming a structural-core element with diaphragm. The coupling is done through a kinematic array which is responsible for inserting the contributions of shell elements, connected to the core walls, into the Hessian matrix and also into the internal force vector of the frame element used to discretize the core. The linear-elastic constitutive relation of Saint Venant-Kirchhoff is adopted for the building materials and the geometric nonlinearity is considered via a Lagrangian formulation with exact kinematics. The foundation\'s flexibility is considered through a stiffness matrix for the soil-foundation system. This matrix is computed in another program based on the numerical coupling between the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method, using a numerical strategy based on the Maxwell-Betti\'s Theorem. This strategy consists in determining the flexibility coefficient of points on a discrete mesh of the soil-foundation system. The soil is modeled by the Boundary Element Method using the fundamental solution of Mindlin. The structural foundation elements, including shallow foundation, footings, blocks and piles, are modeled using conventional frame and shell finite elements. The program is applied to the analysis of complete structural systems of tall buildings, considering the influence of the core warping on the mechanical behaviour of the slabs and also the soil-structure interaction effects. Numerical examples are presented to confirm the efficiency and to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed formulation.

In this thesis, a miniaturized energy harvester system is developed. The energy harvester converts fluid kinetic energy into electrical energy without using any rotating components. The working principle of the energy harvester is based on the so called vortex-induced vibration. Such systems have the potential to provide energy for wireless sensor networks in the field of inline measurements for gas, oil or water transportation systems. The theoretical background of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is studied. Based on the studies, a fluid-structure interaction simulation is carried out to optimize the structure of the energy harvester. As result, the conversion efficiency is significantly improved, which is experimentally confirmed. A series of demonstrators are manufactured according to the simulation and optimization results. It is tested on a self-constructed test bench. To further improve the performance, an electromagnetic generator is proposed, and therefore, a multimethod demonstrator realized. The demonstrators are working in air flow already at a velocity of 2 m/s, and reach the maximum efficiency at 3.6 m/s. This performance ranks among the best published results and is discussed in detail
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein miniaturisiertes Energiegewinnungssystem entwickelt, das unter Verzicht auf rotierende Komponenten kinetische Strömungsenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt. Die Funktion dieses Wandlers basiert auf der sogenannten wirbelinduzierten Vibration. Derartige Systeme besitzen unter anderem das Potenzial, drahtlose Sensornetzwerke zur Erfassung von Messdaten in Gas-, Öl- oder Wassertransportsystemen mit Energie zu versorgen zu können. In der Arbeit wird der theoretische Hintergrund der wirbelinduzierten Vibration untersucht und darauf basierend werden Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkungssimulationen zur Strukturoptimierung durchgeführt in deren Ergebnis eine theoretische Verbesserung der Effizienz des Wandlers um ein Mehrfaches erreicht wird, die auch praktisch bestätigt wird. Unter Berücksichtigung der Simulations- und Optimierungsergebnisse wurden eine Reihe von Demonstratoren gefertigt, die auf einem selbst konstruierten Prüfstand getestet wurden. Zur weiteren Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Wandlers wird ein zusätzlicher elektromagnetischer Generator vorgeschlagen und damit ein Multi-Methoden-Demonstrator technisch realisiert. Die Demonstratoren arbeiten in strömender Luft bereits bei Geschwindigkeiten von 2 m/s und erreichen bei 3,6 m/s ihre maximale Effizienz. Die erreichten Ergebnisse ordnen sich im Vergleich mit denen aus entsprechenden Publikationen vorn ein und werden ausführlich diskutiert

This thesis presents the development of a reliable and efficient technique for the numerical simulation of dynamic soil-structure interaction problems in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous unbounded soils of arbitrary geometry. Such a technique is indispensable in the seismic analysis of large-scale engineering constructions and, to my best knowledge, does not exist at present. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the scaled boundary finite-element method. The following advances are achieved: The scaled boundary finite-element method is extended to simulate the dynamic response of non-homogeneous unbounded domains. The scaled boundary finite element equations in the frequency and time domains are derived for power-type non-homogeneity frequently employed in geotechnical engineering. A high-frequency asymptotic expansion of the dynamic-stiffness matrix is developed. The frequency domain analysis is performed by integrating the scaled boundary finite-element equation in dynamic stiffness. In the time domain, the scaled boundary finite-element equation including convolution integrals is solved for the unit-impulse response at discrete time stations. A Pad?? series solution for the scaled boundary finite-element equation in dynamic stiffness is developed. It converges over the whole frequency range as the order of the approximation increases. The computationally expensive task of numerically integrating the scaled boundary finite-element equation is circumvented. Exploiting the sparsity of the coefficientmatrices in the scaled boundary finite-element equation leads to a significant reduction in computer time and memory requirements for solving large-scale problems. Furthermore, lumped coefficient matrices are obtained by adopting the auss-Lobatto-Legendre shape functions with nodal quadrature, which avoids the eigenvalue problem in determining the asymptotic expansion. A high-order local transmitting boundary constructed from a continued-fraction solution of the dynamic-stiffness matrix is developed. An equation of motion as occurring in standard structural dynamics with symmetric and frequency-independent coefficient matrices is obtained. This transmitting boundary condition can be coupled seamlessly with standard finite elements. Transient responses are evaluated by using a standard timeintegration scheme. The expensive task of evaluating convolution integrals is circumvented. The advances developed in this thesis are applicable in other disciplines of engineering and science to the analysis of scalar and vector waves in unbounded media.

The demand for artificial heart valve replacements is increasing as a result of birth defects, ageing and disease. Collaboration between engineers, biologists and mathematicians is necessary to handle problems related to biocompatibility and fluid dynamics. As a result of the increased demand for artificial heart valves, many new designs have been developed recently. A method to test those designs is to use mathematical modeling. This method has a relatively low-cost and can be used as a preliminary tool before expensive prototypes are created. This research analyzes the use of the numerical modeling software LS-DYNA for large-displacement fluid-structure interaction. It is a preliminary study aimed at the analysis of heart valve dynamics. In particular, a channel with flap model is created in LS-DYNA. The model's physics, convergence and ability to handle large deformations is investigated.

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) as the name suggests, is the study of dynamic interaction of both fluid and structure motions. Fluid-structure interaction exists in almost all engineering and science fields. Moreover, the random loading caused by fluid motions in uncertain environment conditions present new challenges to the designers. The objective of the present research work is to develop efficient and robust finite element models to solve fluid structure interaction problems effectively. A key advantage of the displacement based FE M is the flexibility and easiness in modifying the existing efficient numerical solvers, and can also be extended easily to a number of problems. The research work carried out in this thesis can be divided into three parts. In the first part, development of displacement based Lagrangian FE models for acoustic fluids is presented. Here, the displacement fields of the 2-D and 3-DFEs are derived based on the consistently assumed constrained strain fields satisfying irrotationality and incompressibility constraints simultaneously. These elements’ behaviour, in terms of number of zero energy modes, non-zero spurious modes, and the integration order is studied. The inf-sup test is carried out on all the elements to examine the performance of each formulated element. Next, a new class of FEs based on Legendre polynomials is presented. The node point locations in this case are obtained by calculating the zero’s of equation(1- ξ2)L’n(ξ) =0,where,Ln is the Legendre polynomial of order n in one dimension. In the second part, the development of a spectral layer element for studying wave propagation in acoustic fluids is presented. Laplace transform based spectral finite element formulation is developed for studying acoustic wave propagation. The partial differential equations(PDE)are converted to ordinary differential equations(ODE) by taking Laplace transform. The Laplace damping parameter is introduced for easy handling of the numerical Laplace transform(NLT).This Laplace damping parameter removes the “wraparound”problem which is present in shortwave guides due to periodicity of the Fourier transform. Later, a technique is developed through which SFEM stiffness matrix can be added to the FEM dynamic stiffness matrix in the frequency domain. Finally, Uncertainty analysis is carried out to understand the effect of randomness in the design parameters on the system response variability. Here, standard uncertainty analysis procedure called Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is considered first and later Polynomial chaos expansion(PCE). In this analysis, the gravitational forces, bulk modulus of the fluid, and Young’s modulus of the structure are considered as random input variables in the study. The randomness in the system output is measured in terms of coefficient of variation for each random variable considered.