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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil temperature'
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HAYHOE, H. N., C. TARNOCAI, and L. M. DWYER. "SOIL MANAGEMENT AND VEGETATION EFFECTS ON MEASURED AND ESTIMATED SOIL THERMAL REGIMES IN CANADA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-007.
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Observations at sites in British Columbia, the Yukon, Manitoba and Nova Scotia over a range of soils, managements and vegetation were used to assess variation in soil temperature. The annual soil temperature regime was compared with estimates derived from a macroclimate model which was developed for mineral soils that are level, well to moderately well drained, and covered by short grass. In general, this study showed the dampening effect of vegetation cover on soil temperature and suggested the further dampening effect of an organic layer on the soil surface. However, soil temperatures for cultivated and grass sites were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) from the estimates made using the macroclimate model. In contrast, forested sites had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) colder soil temperatures than those estimated by the model. The mean annual and mean summer 0.50 m soil temperatures were, respectively, 1.3 and 3.2 °C colder than the corresponding estimates. Key words: Soil thermal regimes, estimation of soil temperature, mean annual soil temperature
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Davenport, Joan R., and Carolyn DeMoranville. "Temperature Influences Nitrogen Release Rates in Cranberry Soils." HortScience 39, no. 1 (February 2004): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.80.
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Native nitrogen is released when soils are mineralized. The amount of N released by this process depends on the amount of organic matter present and soil temperature. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) grows in acidic soils with a wide range in organic matter content. To evaluate release of cranberry soil N at varied soil temperatures, intact soils were collected from sites that had received no fertilizer. Soils were cored and placed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns 20 cm deep × 5 cm in diameter. Four different soil types, representing the array of conditions in cranberry soil (mineral, sanded organic, organic peat, and muck) were used. Additional columns of sand soil (pH 4.5) that had been pH adjusted to high (6.5) and low (3.0) were also prepared. Each column was incubated sequentially at six different temperatures from 10 to 24 °C (2.8 °C temperature intervals) for 3 weeks at each temperature, with the soils leached twice weekly to determine the amount of N release. The total amount of N in leachate was highest in the organic soils, intermediate in the sanded organic, and lowest in the sands. At the lowest temperature (10 °C), higher amounts of N were released in sanded organic and sand than in organic soils. This was attributed to a flush of mineralization with change in the aerobic status and initial soil warming. The degree of decomposition in the organic soils was important in determining which form of N predominated in the leachate. In the more highly decomposed soil (muck), most of the N was converted to nitrate. In the pH adjusted sand, high soil pH (6.5) resulted in an increase in nitrate in the leachate but no change in ammonium when compared to non-adjusted (pH 4.5) and acidified (pH 3.0) treatments. This study suggests that for cranberry soils with organic matter content of at least 1.5% little to no soil-applied fertilizer N is needed early in the season, until soil temperatures reach 13 °C. This temperature is consistent with the beginning of active nutrient uptake by roots. Soil N release from native organic matter was fairly consistent until soil temperatures exceeded 21 °C, indicating that when temperatures exceed 21 °C, planned fertilizer applications should be reduced, particularly in highly organic soils.
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Lugo-Camacho, Jorge L., Samuel J. Indorante, John M. Kabrick, and Miguel A. Muñoz. "Soil temperature variations between a Typic Fragiudults and a Typic Paleudults in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 105, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20071.
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Soil temperature measurements from a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) monitoring site in the Ozark Highlands Major Land Resource Area (MLRA 116A) were evaluated on landscapes comprising Typic Fragiudults (Scholten series) and Typic Paleudults (Poynor series). The five soil forming factors were similarfor both soils, with the major difference between the adjacent soils being a fragipan in the Scholten series. Air and soil temperatures were collected from a weather station of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service near the border of the mesic soil temperature regime and udic soil moisture regime zone. The mean annual soil temperature observed in the Scholten soil (13.5° C) was0.5° C cooler than the mean annual soil temperature in the Poynor soil (14.0° C). This study showed little difference in mean soil temperatures between soiltypes from January to April and from August to December. During the months of May, June and July, the Poynor mean soil temperature was higher (by 1.1° C, 1.4° C and 1.2° C, respectively) than the Scholten mean soil temperature.According to this study, it is possible that the mean annual soil temperature of fragipan soils is cooler than adjacent soils with no fragipan properties. Thegreatest differences between mean soil temperature and mean air temperature were observed during the months of November (5.1° C for Scholten soil and 5.3°C for Poynor soil); December (5.0° C for Scholten soil and 4.9° C for Poynor soil); and January (4.5° C for Scholten soil and 4.4° C for Poynor soil). The smallestdifference was during the month of March (0° C for Scholten soil and 0.3° C for Poynor soil). This study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in the Ozark Highlands can vary by soil series depending on soil properties affecting heat transfer within pedons.
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Nichols, Dale S. "Temperature of upland and peatland soils in a north central Minnesota forest." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-030.
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Soil temperature strongly influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. However, soil temperature data for forest landscapes are scarce. For 6 yr, weekly soil temperatures were measured at two upland and four peatland sites in north central Minnesota. One upland site supported mature aspen forest, the other supported short grass. One peatland site was forested with black spruce, one supported tall willow and alder brush, and two had open vegetation — sedges and low shrubs. Mean annual air temperature averaged 3.6 °C. Mean annual soil temperatures at 10- to 200-cm depths ranged from 5.5 to 7.6 °C among the six sites. Soils with open vegetation, whether mineral or peat, averaged about 1 °C warmer annually and from 2 to 3 °C warmer during summer than the forested soils. The tall brush peatland was cooler than all other sites due to strong groundwater inputs. The mineral soils warmed more quickly in the spring, achieved higher temperatures in the summer, and cooled more quickly in the fall than the peat soils; however, the greatest temperature differences between mineral and peat soils occurred at or below 50 cm. In the upper 20 cm, vegetation and groundwater had greater effects on temperature than did soil type (mineral or peat). Summer soil temperatures were higher, relative to air temperature, during periods of greater precipitation. This effect was minimal at upland sites but substantial in the peatlands. In spite of the persistent sub-freezing air temperatures typical of Minnesota winters, significant frost developed in the soils only in those years when severe cold weather arrived before an insulating cover of snow had accumulated. Key words: Soil temperature, vegetation effects, forest soils, groundwater, peatlands
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Skowera, Barbara, and Jakub Wojkowski. "RELATION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE WITH AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE JURASSIC RIVER VALLEY." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/65855.
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Liu, J., C. Geng, Y. Mu, Y. Zhang, and H. Wu. "Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 6 (November 12, 2009): 10557–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-10557-2009.
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Abstract. Using a dynamic enclosure, the exchange fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and 18 soils from 10 provinces in China were investigated. The emission or uptake of COS from the soils was highly dependent on the soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric COS mixing ratio. In general, with the only exception being paddy soils, the soils in this investigation acted as sinks for atmospheric COS under wide ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture. Two intensively investigated wheat soils and one forest soil, had optimal soil temperatures for COS uptake of around 15°C, and the optimal soil water content varied from 13 to 58%. The two paddy soils, exponentially COS emission fluxes increased with increasing soil temperature, and decreased COS emission fluxes with increased soil water content. However, negligible emission was found when the paddy soils were under waterlogging status. The observed compensation points for various soils were different and increased significantly with soil temperature. The laboratory simulation agreed with the preliminary field measurements for the paddy soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.
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Liu, J., C. Geng, Y. Mu, Y. Zhang, Z. Xu, and H. Wu. "Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 25, 2010): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-753-2010.
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Abstract. Using a dynamic enclosure, the exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and 18 soils from 12 provinces in China were investigated. The emission or uptake of COS from the soils was highly dependent on the soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric COS mixing ratio. In general, with the only exception being paddy soils, the soils in this investigation acted as sinks for atmospheric COS under wide ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture. Two intensively investigated wheat soils and one forest soil had optimal soil temperatures for COS uptake of around 15 °C, and the optimal soil water content varied from 13% to 58%. COS emission rates from the two paddy soils increased exponentially with increment of the soil temperature, and decreased with increasing the soil water content. However, negligible emission was found when the paddy soils were under waterlogging status. The observed compensation points for various soils were different and increased significantly with soil temperature. The laboratory simulation agreed with the preliminary field measurements for the paddy soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.
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Guicharnaud, R., O. Arnalds, and G. I. Paton. "Short term changes of microbial processes in Icelandic soils to increasing temperatures." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2010): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-671-2010.
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Abstract. Temperature change is acknowledged to have a significant effect on soil biological processes and the corresponding sequestration of carbon and cycling of nutrients. Soils at high latitudes are likely to be particularly impacted by increases in temperature. Icelandic soils experience unusually frequent freeze and thaw cycles compare to other Arctic regions, which are increasing due to a warming climate. As a consequence these soils are frequently affected by short term temperature fluctuations. In this study, the short term response of a range of soil microbial parameters (respiration, nutrient availability, microbial biomass carbon, arylphosphatase and dehydrogenase activity) to temperature changes was measured in sub-arctic soils collected from across Iceland. Sample sites reflected two soil temperature regimes (cryic and frigid) and two land uses (pasture and arable). The soils were sampled from the field frozen, equilibrated at −20 °C and then incubated for two weeks at −10 °C, −2 °C, +2 °C and +10 °. Respiration and enzymatic activity were temperature dependent. The soil temperature regime affected the soil microbial biomass carbon sensitivity to temperatures. When soils where sampled from the cryic temperature regime a decreasing soil microbial biomass was detected when temperatures rose above the freezing point. Frigid soils, sampled from milder climatic conditions, where unaffected by difference in temperatures. Nitrogen mineralisation did not change with temperature. At −10 °C, dissolved organic carbon accounted for 88% of the fraction of labile carbon which was significantly greater than that recorded at +10 °C when dissolved organic carbon accounted for as low as 42% of the labile carbon fraction.
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YLI-HALLA, M., and D. MOKMA. "Soil temperature regimes in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 4 (January 4, 1998): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5606.
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Soil temperature regime substantially influences soil classification in Soil Taxonomy particularly in temperate areas. To facilitate correct classification of soils of Finland, the temperature regimes in soils of the country were determined. The mean annual soil temperature, measured at 50 cm below soil surface, ranged from 6.4°C at the warmest site (Anjala) to 1.9°C at the coldest one (Utsjoki, Kevo), and the mean summer soil temperature from 13.7°C to 6.2°C at the same stations, all being in the range of the cryic temperature regime. The mean annual soil temperature was 2 to 5°C higher than the mean annual air temperature, the difference (Y, °C) depending on the duration of snow coverage (X, days) according to the following equation: Y = 0.0305 X - 2.16, R2 = 0.91, n = 9. Even soils of the warmest areas in southern Finland and the mineral soils of the coldest areas in the north, at least for the most part, have cryic soil temperature regimes. Therefore, most soils of Finland, classified according to Soil Taxonomy, have names where the cryic temperature regime appears on the suborder or great group level.;
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Akter, M., MA Miah, MM Hassan, MN Mobin, and MA Baten. "Textural Influence on Surface and Subsurface Soil Temperatures under Various Conditions." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26882.
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An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the textural influence on surface and subsurface soil temperatures under various conditions. The experiment consisted of four types of soil (red, sandy, clay and peat). Observations were made at three conditions viz. bare, moist and vegetation cover. Sandy soil at bare condition showed the highest surface temperature followed by peat, red and clay soils. Sand surface produced nearly 10ºC higher values than from clay soil at around midday hours. In four types of soils, the amplitude of the daily surface temperature wave decreased in the order sand > peat > red > clay at bare dry condition. In case of subsurface temperature observed at 10 cm depth, red, clay and peat soils showed insignificant differences. Soil surface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in dry condition i.e. sand > peat > red > clay. Soil subsurface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in surface temperature. Among three conditions, sandy soil emitted highest long wave radiation (-649.88 Wm-2) at bare condition. The long wave radiation emitted by the surface was lower when the soil was wet and has vegetation cover. Air temperature positively correlated with soil temperature.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 147-151 2015
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Rankinen, K., T. Karvonen, and D. Butterfield. "A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil: model description and testing." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2004): 706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-706-2004.
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Abstract. Microbial processes in soil are moisture, nutrient and temperature dependent and, consequently, accurate calculation of soil temperature is important for modelling nitrogen processes. Microbial activity in soil occurs even at sub-zero temperatures so that, in northern latitudes, a method to calculate soil temperature under snow cover and in frozen soils is required. This paper describes a new and simple model to calculate daily values for soil temperature at various depths in both frozen and unfrozen soils. The model requires four parameters: average soil thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity of soil, specific heat capacity due to freezing and thawing and an empirical snow parameter. Precipitation, air temperature and snow depth (measured or calculated) are needed as input variables. The proposed model was applied to five sites in different parts of Finland representing different climates and soil types. Observed soil temperatures at depths of 20 and 50 cm (September 1981–August 1990) were used for model calibration. The calibrated model was then tested using observed soil temperatures from September 1990 to August 2001. R2-values of the calibration period varied between 0.87 and 0.96 at a depth of 20 cm and between 0.78 and 0.97 at 50 cm. R2-values of the testing period were between 0.87 and 0.94 at a depth of 20cm, and between 0.80 and 0.98 at 50cm. Thus, despite the simplifications made, the model was able to simulate soil temperature at these study sites. This simple model simulates soil temperature well in the uppermost soil layers where most of the nitrogen processes occur. The small number of parameters required means that the model is suitable for addition to catchment scale models. Keywords: soil temperature, snow model
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Wright, B. R., and P. J. Clarke. "Relationships between soil temperatures and properties of fire in feathertop spinifex (Triodia schinzii (Henrard) Lazarides) sandridge desert in central Australia." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07049.
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Soil temperatures during wildfires are known to influence seed bank and plant resprouting dynamics in arid Australian grasslands. Nevertheless, relationships between soil temperatures and factors such as fuel load, fuel type, season of burn, time-of-day and soil moisture are poorly understood. This study used small-scale experimental burns to determine the effects of these five variables on soil temperature profiles (0–4 cm) during fire in spinifex sandridge country in the Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Reserve, west of Alice Springs. Fuel load and type were found to strongly influence soil temperatures, with soils directly beneath Triodia hummocks experiencing more heating than hummock edges or between-hummock gaps, and soils beneath Triodia hummocks experiencing more heating than either mulga (Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex. Benth.) litter or Aristida holathera Domin. tussocks. Season and time-of-day also had strong effects on below-ground heating, with soil temperatures remaining elevated for longer periods during summer compared to winter burns, and day-time burns producing higher temperature maxima and longer durations of elevated soil temperatures than night burns. Soil moisture also had a strong impact on temperature profiles during fire, with high levels of soil moisture strongly reducing the soil heating during fire. These results indicate that the examined factors will strongly influence soil temperature regimes during spinifex wildfires. Hence, they are likely to affect the composition of plant assemblages in post-fire environments through their impacts on vegetative regeneration and on seed bank processes.
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Peplau, Tino, Christopher Poeplau, Edward Gregorich, and Julia Schroeder. "Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils." Biogeosciences 20, no. 5 (March 17, 2023): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023.
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Abstract. The climate-change-induced poleward shift of agriculture could lead to enforced deforestation of subarctic forest. Deforestation alters the microclimate and, thus, soil temperature, which is an important driver of decomposition. The consequences of land-use change on soil temperature and decomposition in temperature-limited ecosystems are not well understood. In this study, we buried tea bags together with soil temperature loggers at two depths (10 and 50 cm) in native subarctic forest soils and adjacent agricultural land in the Yukon Territory, Canada. A total of 37 plots was established on a wide range of different soils and resampled after 2 years to quantify the land-use effect on soil temperature and decomposition of fresh organic matter. Average soil temperature over the whole soil profile was 2.1 ± 1.0 and 2.0 ± 0.8 ∘C higher in cropland and grassland soils compared to forest soils. Cumulative degree days (the annual sum of daily mean temperatures > 0 ∘C) increased significantly by 773 ± 243 (cropland) and 670 ± 285 (grassland). Litter decomposition was enhanced by 2.0 ± 10.4 % and 7.5 ± 8.6 % in cropland topsoil and subsoil compared to forest soils, but no significant difference in decomposition was found between grassland and forest soils. Increased litter decomposition may be attributed not only to increased temperature but also to management effects, such as irrigation of croplands. The results suggest that deforestation-driven temperature changes exceed the soil temperature increase that has already been observed in Canada due to climate change. Deforestation thus amplifies the climate–carbon feedback by increasing soil warming and organic matter decomposition.
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Barman, D., D. K. Kundu, Soumen Pal, Susanto Pal, A. K. Chakraborty, A. K. Jha, S. P. Mazumdar, R. Saha, and P. Bhattacharyya. "Soil temperature prediction from air temperature for alluvial soils in lower Indo-Gangetic plain." International Agrophysics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0034.
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AbstractSoil temperature is an important factor in biogeochemical processes. On-site monitoring of soil temperature is limited in spatiotemporal scale as compared to air temperature data inventories due to various management difficulties. Therefore, empirical models were developed by taking 30-year long-term (1985-2014) air and soil temperature data for prediction of soil temperatures at three depths (5, 15, 30 cm) in morning (0636 Indian standard time) and afternoon (1336 Indian standard time) for alluvial soils in lower Indo-Gangetic plain. At 5 cm depth, power and exponential regression models were best fitted for daily data in morning and afternoon, respectively, but it was reverse at 15 cm. However, at 30 cm, exponential models were best fitted for both the times. Regression analysis revealed that in morning for all three depths and in afternoon for 30 cm depth, soil temperatures (daily, weekly, and monthly) could be predicted more efficiently with the help of corresponding mean air temperature than that of maximum and minimum. However, in afternoon, prediction of soil temperature at 5 and 15 cm depths were more precised for all the time intervals when maximum air temperature was used, except for weekly soil temperature at 15 cm, where the use of mean air temperature gave better prediction.
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Kyuma, Kazutake. "Soil Temperature Regime of Japanese Soils." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 31, no. 3 (September 1985): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1985.10557453.
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Ylivainio, Kari, and Tommi Peltovuori. "Phosphorus acquisition by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at suboptimal soil temperature." Agricultural and Food Science 21, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6389.
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We studied the effects of soil temperature (8 ºC and 15 ºC) on barley growth, barley phosphorus (P) uptake and soil P solubility. Barley was grown in a pot experiment in two soils with different P fertilization histories for 22 years. The availability of P was estimated by using 33P-labeled fertilizer and calculating L-values. After cultivation for 22 years at ambient soil temperature without P fertilization (-P), soil L-value had decreased compared to soil that received annual P fertilization (P+). Low soil temperature further reduced the L-values, more in the -P soil than in the +P soil. Our results demonstrated that P fertilization can only partially ameliorate poor growth at low soil temperatures. Thus, applying ample fertilization to compensate for poor growth at low soil temperatures would increase the P content and solubility in the soil, but plant uptake would remain inhibited by cold.
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Czachor, Henryk, and Ľubomír Lichner. "Temperature influences water sorptivity of soil aggregates." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2013-0011.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the potential development of water sorptivity of soil aggregates by heating. Soil aggregates were sampled from arable layer of 5 Polish soils: Haplic Luvisol 1 from Czesławice, Haplic Luvisol 2 from Wierzchucinek, Haplic Cambisol from Felin, Gleyic Mollic Cambisol from Chylice, and Haplic Phaeozem from Grabiec. Three aggregates of each soil type with minimum diameter between 4 and 10 mm were heated in the oven for at least 3 hours at temperatures 20, 100, 200, 250, and 360ºC. After each temperature treatment the soil aggregates were conditioned at the room temperature for 16 hours. Laboratory measurements of water sorptivity of soil aggregates were performed under a negative tension h0 = -2 cm using tension infiltrometer. It was found that the exposure to temperatures between 100 and 200°C tends to decrease water sorptivity of aggregates from all the studied soils but one (Haplic Luvisol 1), followed by about two- to four-fold increase in water sorptivity for exposure to temperatures of 250°C (in Haplic Luvisol 1, Haplic Luvisol 2, and Haplic Phaeozem) or 360°C (in Haplic Cambisol and Gleyic Mollic Cambisol).
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Ploeg, Antoon, and James Stapleton. "Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plants by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625353.
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AbstractThe effects of heating, over a range of temperatures and for increasing periods of time, and of adding finely chopped broccoli leaves to soil infested by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on nematode infestation of melon, were studied in glasshouse experiments. There was a significant interaction between the effects of soil temperature, the period for which this temperature was maintained and broccoli amendment. At the lowest temperature tested (20°C), adding broccoli to the soil had very little effect on nematode infestation or galling of melon. Increasing the temperature of the broccoli-amended soils to 25, 30 or 35°C dramatically reduced infestation and galling compared to that in non-amended soils. Within this range, the effect of broccoli-amendment occurred sooner at higher temperatures. Heating the soil to 40°C for 10 days generally eliminated nematode infestation and root-galling, irrespective of whether broccoli had been added. Fewer egg masses were obtained from melon roots grown in broccoli-amended soils than from those grown in non-amended soils, even when roots exhibited similar degrees of galling. The results suggest that the temperature and time treatments using soil solarisation to control M. incognita or M. javanica could be reduced in soils amended with broccoli residues.
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Yang, Shu Rong, Wei Hsing Huang, and Shao Hung Chung. "Temperature Effects on Soil Suction for Compacted Clay Soils." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.527.
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An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of temperature, compaction water content, and compaction efforts on soil suction of two expansive subgrade soils. For this purpose, two expansive soils were statically compacted at target water contents ranging from 5% to 20%. This made it possible to explore a broad spectrum of compaction conditions. Filter paper method and thermocouple psychrometer were used to measure soil suction at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 60°C. Experimental results show that compaction water content, compaction effort, and temperature have influences on soil suction. As water content increases, the influences of compaction effort and temperature on suction become less significant. Finally multiple regression formulations for predicting the soil suction of as-compacted clayey soil were established.
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Reshotkin, O. V. "Long-term dynamics of the atmospheric and soil climate of humid subtropics of Russia." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 150 (September 30, 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2019-1-150-23-30.
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Aim. Identify patterns of temporal changes in the parameters of the atmospheric and soil climates of humid subtropics. Methods. The dynamics of air and soil temperature and precipitation are analyzed in the long-term and seasonal cycles with respect to the climatic normal, which is considered as a quantitative characteristic of the conditions of pedogenesis and climate variability over time. Results. The data on air temperature, precipitation and soil temperature yellow soils, formed in a subtropical wet-forest soil bioclimatic area are analyzed. It is shown that the average annual air temperature in 2001 - 2018 exceeded the climatic normal by 0,7°C, the annual precipitation increased by 104 mm. Modern warming leads to a change in the temperature regime of yellow soils. The average annual soil temperature at the beginning of the XXI century increased from 0,5°С at the depth of 320 cm to 0,9°С at the depth of 20 cm. The sum of active soil temperatures above 10°С at the depth of 20 cm increased by 283°С. Main conclusions. In the modern period, a change in the atmospheric and soil climate towards warming is observed in the zone of distribution of yellow soils of humid subtropics of Russia, accompanied by an increase in precipitation. Warming is most pronounced in the summer season and is practically not observed in the winter season. It is characterized by an increase in air and soil temperature throughout its profile, an increase in the sum of active temperatures. The revealed climate changes make it possible to re-evaluate the soil and agroclimatic resources of the Russian subtropics for agriculture and forestry.
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Oralkhan, Sultashova. "Modeling of Temperature Mode of the Soil." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 6057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020416.
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Ford, Trent W., and Justin T. Schoof. "Oppressive Heat Events in Illinois Related to Antecedent Wet Soils." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 2713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0075.1.
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Abstract Extreme heat events have been connected with antecedent soil moisture in many global regions, such that dry soils increase sensible heat content of the near-surface atmosphere and impede precipitation through boundary layer growth. However, negative soil moisture–temperature feedbacks (dry soils = higher temperatures) are founded on investigations of maximum temperature that neglect the potentially important latent heating component provided by soil moisture. In this study, the association of spring soil moisture and subsequent summer oppressive heat events is quantified, defined by equivalent temperature. The advantage of equivalent temperature over maximum temperature is that it accounts for both the temperature and moisture components of atmospheric heat content. Quantile regression and composite analysis are used to determine the association between spring soil moisture and summer oppressive heat events using a 25-yr station observation record in Illinois. A consistent response of summer oppressive heat events to antecedent 5-cm soil moisture anomalies is found at all four stations. The frequency of oppressive summer equivalent temperature events is significantly increased following spring seasons with wetter-than-normal soils compared with spring seasons with dry soils. This provides evidence of a possible positive soil moisture–temperature feedback. Further, it is found that oppressive heat events correspond with the combination of wetter-than-normal spring soils and persistent summertime upper-level ridging to the northeast of the region, thereby leading to the conclusion that abundant-to-surplus spring soil moisture is necessary but not sufficient for the occurrence of oppressive heat in Illinois.
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DeJonge, Kendall C., Huihui Zhang, Saleh Taghvaeian, and Thomas J. Trout. "Canopy Temperature Bias from Soil Variability Enhanced at High Temperatures." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 1 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13554.
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HighlightMaize canopy temperature (Tc) was evaluated among four replicates of seven irrigation treatments.Individual replicates showed Tc bias correlated with soil electroconductivity and increasing Tc.At high Tc values (above 35°C), Tc bias was up to 5.0°C among plots with the same irrigation schedule.ABSTRACT. Maize canopy temperature was monitored on a continuous basis for two growing seasons in a limited-irrigation maize experiment with seven separate irrigation treatments and four replicates of each treatment. Soil electroconductivity (EC) was measured and mapped to quantify the variation in soil texture throughout the plots and was correlated with the average field capacity of the soil (R2 = 0.51). At lower canopy temperatures, indicating little or no water stress, very little difference was observed between replicates within the same treatment. However, at higher temperatures, soil texture had a greater influence on temperature, with soils having lower EC (and therefore lower water-holding capacity) showing more water stress. More specifically, at canopy temperatures above 29°C, the influence of soil texture biased the temperature by up to 2.0°C over the EC range of 16.9 to 40.2 mS m-1; at mean canopy temperatures of 35°C, this bias could be more than 5.0°C between field replicates. Results similar to the continuous infrared thermometry were found using nadir thermal images. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding the potential effects of soil variability on canopy temperature, which could have profound implications for spatially variable field-based management using thermal imaging or similar technologies. Keywords: Canopy temperature, Infrared thermometry, Limited irrigation, Soil variability.
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Polge, Nicholas D., and Michael Barrett. "Temperature effects on imazaquin soil bioavailability, uptake, and metabolism in corn (Zea mays)." Weed Science 45, no. 2 (April 1997): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092717.
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Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature on the response of corn to imazaquin soil residues. In a silt loam soil, 24/30 C (night/day) or 18/24 C soil temperatures caused greater inhibition of shoot growth than 12/18 C soil temperature. However, in a sandy loam soil, inhibition of corn shoot growth was maximal at 18/24 C, and there was no difference in shoot-growth inhibition between the lowest and highest temperatures. Higher soil temperatures caused greater root-growth inhibition in the sandy loam soil but not in silt loam soil. Soil temperature did not affect14C-imazaquin uptake from either soil. Higher soil temperatures increased the translocation of imazaquin from root to shoot tissue in both soils. In the sandy loam soil, imazaquin metabolism in root tissue decreased as soil temperature increased, with twice as much parent herbicide recovered from roots of plants grown under the highest compared with the lowest temperature treatments. Soil temperature had no effect on imazaquin metabolism in shoot tissue. Longer-term experiments (22 d) were conducted with the sandy loam soil to determine the effect of changes in air temperature on corn response to imazaquin soil residues. Plants exposed to 24/30 C for 7 or 14 d of the final 14-d growing period showed greater inhibition of shoot growth compared with plants maintained at 12/18 C. Uptake and translocation of14C-imazaquin to shoots was greater in plants maintained at 24/30 C throughout the final 14-d period than in plants maintained at 12/18 C. Plants grown for 7 d at 24/30 C during the final 14-d period either preceding or following 7 d growth at 12/18 C showed increased translocation of imazaquin to shoots but no difference in imazaquin uptake compared with plants maintained at 12/18 C. Neither air nor soil temperature treatments had any effect on imazaquin concentration in soil water.
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Davenport, Joan R., and Carolyn DeMoranville. "529 Relationship of Soil Temperature, pH, and Organic Carbon Content to Nitrogen Release in Cranberry Soils." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 537A—537. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.537a.
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Soluble nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) is released when soil organic matter is mineralized. The amount of N released by this process depends on the amount of organic matter present and soil temperature. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) grows in acidic soils with a wide range in organic matter content. To evaluate how soil N release is affected by soil temperature, intact soil cores were collected from sites that had received no fertilizer and placed in PVC columns. Four different soil types, representing the range of cranberry soils (sand, sanded organic soil, peat, and muck), were used. Each column was incubated sequentially at six different temperatures from 10 to 24 °C (2.8 °C temperature intervals) for 3 weeks at each temperature, with the soils leached twice weekly to determine the amount of N release. The total amount of N in leachate was highest in organic soils, intermediate in the sanded organic soil, and lowest in the sands. The degree of decomposition in the organic soils was important in determining which form of N predominated. In the more highly decomposed organic soil (muck), most of the N was converted to nitrate. The data from this study resulted in the development of two models—one predicting the N mineralization and the other predicting the proportion of N in each of the two forms. Key factors for N release rate were soil temperature, percentage of clay, and organic carbon content. For predicting the proportion of N as ammonium vs. nitrate, key factors were soil temperature, soil pH, and the distribution of mineral matter in the silt and sand fractions.
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Akinyede, Rachael, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel. "Temperature sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils." Biogeosciences 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 4011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022.
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Abstract. Globally, soil temperature to 1 m depth is predicted to be up to 4 ∘C warmer by the end of this century, with pronounced effects expected in temperate forest regions. Increased soil temperatures will potentially increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from temperate forest soils, resulting in important positive feedback on climate change. Dark CO2 fixation by microbes can recycle some of the released soil CO2, and CO2 fixation rates are reported to increase under higher temperatures. However, research on the influence of temperature on dark CO2 fixation rates, particularly in comparison to the temperature sensitivity of respiration in soils of temperate forest regions, is missing. To determine the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of dark CO2 fixation and respiration rates, we investigated soil profiles to 1 m depth from beech (deciduous) and spruce (coniferous) forest plots of the Hummelshain forest, Germany. We used 13C-CO2 labelling and incubations of soils at 4 and 14 ∘C to determine CO2 fixation and net soil respiration rates and derived the Q10 values for both processes with depth. The average Q10 for dark CO2 fixation rates normalized to soil dry weight was 2.07 for beech and spruce profiles, and this was lower than the measured average Q10 of net soil respiration rates with ∼2.98. Assuming these Q10 values, we extrapolated that net soil respiration might increase 1.16 times more than CO2 fixation under a projected 4 ∘C warming. In the beech soil, a proportionally larger fraction of the label CO2 was fixed into soil organic carbon than into microbial biomass compared to the spruce soil. This suggests a primarily higher rate of microbial residue formation (i.e. turnover as necromass or release of extracellular products). Despite a similar abundance of the total bacterial community in the beech and spruce soils, the beech soil also had a lower abundance of autotrophs, implying a higher proportion of heterotrophs when compared to the spruce soil; hence this might partly explain the higher rate of microbial residue formation in the beech soil. Furthermore, higher temperatures in general lead to higher microbial residues formed in both soils. Our findings suggest that in temperate forest soils, CO2 fixation might be less responsive to future warming than net soil respiration and could likely recycle less CO2 respired from temperate forest soils in the future than it does now.
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Kuruppu, P. U., R. W. Schneider, and J. S. Russin. "Effects of Soil Temperature on Microsclerotia of Calonectria ilicicola and Soybean Root Colonization by this Fungus." Plant Disease 88, no. 6 (June 2004): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.6.620.
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Field soil artificially infested with laboratory-produced microsclerotia of Calonectria ilicicola was incubated for 1, 2, 3, or 6 weeks at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. These temperatures approximate soil temperatures that were measured in soybean fields during the growing season in south Louisiana. Germinable microsclerotia were enumerated after incubation at different temperatures, and soybean seeds were planted in these soils. After 8 weeks, percent root colonization was determined as a measure of infectivity of microsclerotia. Results showed that soil temperature is a critical factor in survival of microsclerotia. The optimal soil temperature range for survival of microsclerotia was 20 to 30°C, and the maximum soil temperature limit was 35°C, above which microsclerotia did not survive. Effects of temperature on soybean root colonization were examined in growth chambers by growing soybean plants in soil infested with laboratory-grown microsclerotia for 4 weeks after seed germination. Maximum infection of young soybean roots by C. ilicicola occurred between 25 and 30°C but decreased with increasing temperatures and was negligible at 40°C. According to these results, soil temperature is a critical environmental factor controlling the development of red crown rot in soybeans in Louisiana. These findings suggest that, if red crown rot is a threat, soybean planting time should be based on soil temperature rather than calendar dates.
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Gardner, B. R., and C. A. Sanchez. "Soil Temperature Influences the Response of Lettuce to Phosphorus." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 864A—864. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.864a.
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Lettuce is planted in the southwestern U.S. desert from September through December and harvested from November through April each year. During this period mean soil temperatures range from 7 to 30C. Lettuce produced on desert soils shows a large yield response to P. Soil solution P is replenished by desorption from the labile soil P fraction and this process is temperature sensitive. A field study was conducted over 6 years to evaluate the response of lettuce to soil solution P levels under different ambient soil temperature regimes. The soil temperatures under which lettuce was grown were varied each year by altering planting dates. Soil solution P levels were established and maintained each season using P sorption isotherm methodology. Lettuce responded to P in all experiments. Phosphorus levels required for maximum yield varied with each experiment. Soil P levels required for optimal yield were best correlated to mean soil temperatures during the last 20 days before harvest. Lettuce accumulates over 70% of its P during the heading stage of development and it is likely that during this period of rapid growth and nutrient uptake, solution P becomes limiting when soil temperatures are cool.
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Borowik, Agata, and Jadwiga Wyszkowska. "Impact of temperature on the biological properties of soil." International Agrophysics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0070.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the response of soil microorganisms and enzymes to the temperature of soil. The effect of the temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C on the biological properties of soil was investigated under laboratory conditions. The study was performed using four different soils differing in their granulometric composition. It was found that 15°C was the optimal temperature for the development of microorganisms in soil. Typically, in the soil, the highest activity of dehydrogenases was observed at 10-15°C, catalase and acid phosphatase – at 15°C, alkaline phosphatase at 20°C, urease and β-glucosidase at 25°C. The highest colony development index for heterotrophic bacteria was recorded in soils incubated at 25°C, while for actinomycetes and fungi at 15°C. The incubation temperature of soil only slightly changed the ecophysiological variety of the investigated groups of microorganisms. Therefore, the observed climate changes might have a limited impact on the soil microbiological activity, because of the high ability of microorganisms to adopt. The response of soil microorganisms and enzymes was more dependent on the soil granulometric composition, organic carbon, and total nitrogen than on its temperature.
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Nazarova, Larisa. "White Sea catchment area: changes in soil temperature." E3S Web of Conferences 462 (2023): 03053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346203053.
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In the situation of climate warming, no less important than changes in air temperature are estimates of changes in soil temperature both on the surface and at different depths. The article examines the current state and changes in the thermal regime of soils in the White Sea catchment area based on long-term data from weather stations located in the study area. Changes in mean annual and monthly soil temperatures were estimated for the new reference period 1991-2020. The analysis shows that the temperatures on the soil surface and at depths have increased since the beginning of the 21st century throughout the White Sea catchment area.
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Gou, Qianqian, Changsheng Shen, and Guohua Wang. "Changes in Soil Moisture, Temperature, and Salt in Rainfed Haloxylon ammodendron Forests of Different Ages across a Typical Desert–Oasis Ecotone." Water 14, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172653.
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Soil water and salt movement during the freeze–thaw period facilitate soil and water conservation and agroecological environment maintenance in the desert–oases transition zone of the Hexi Corridor; however, our understanding of soil salinization and the shifting water, heat, and salt states in soil ecosystems of Haloxylon ammodendron forests at different ages is poor. We analyzed the soil moisture, temperature, and salinity characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron forests of different ages in the Hexi Corridor of Northwest China and determined their coupling. Our results indicated that shallow (0–120 cm) soil temperatures significantly correlated with air temperatures. With increased forest age, the soil freezing period shortened and the permafrost layer shallowed. Changes in soil temperature lagged those in air temperature, and this lag time increased with forest age and soil depth. With increases in forest age and planting years, the water in the shallow soil layer gradually declined, and the surface aggregation of salt increased. In deep soils (120–200 cm), both soil moisture and salinity increased with the number of planting years. Accordingly, the clay layer and deep root system of Haloxylonammodendron greatly influenced the transport of soil water and salt; and temperature is a key driving force for their transport. Thus, water, temperature, and salt content dynamics were synergetic.
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Yang, Shu-Rong, Rui-En Chang, Ya-Sin Yang, and Hsin-Fu Yeh. "Environmental Temperature Effect on Hydraulic Behavior and Stability of Shallow Slopes." Environments 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10080134.
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This study established a study framework to quantify the safety factors of unsaturated shallow slopes at different temperatures. This study is based on a non-isothermal soil water characteristic curve model quantifying the temperature-dependent hydraulic properties of soils. The hydraulic coupling analysis models HYDRUS 2D and The Slope Cube Module were used for finite element modeling. A slope stability analysis was performed based on the local factor of safety (LFS) theory. An increased temperature decreased the soil matric suction, suction stress, effective stress, and LFS, weakening the soil strength. Slope modeling analysis showed that soils were dominated by different water retention mechanisms before and after rainfall infiltration, and the trends caused by temperature changes also changed accordingly. This study provides insights into the relationship between soil mechanical properties and temperature, which is valuable for maintaining soil stability and preventing geological hazards.
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Shtykov, Valeriy, Andrey Ponomarev, and Yuri Yanko. "On the dependence of soil freezing on humidity." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 21, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-01-22-31.
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Purpose: the temperatures at which soils begin to freeze during the onset of frost are of interest primarily to agricultural workers and construction workers. It was previously established that many factors influence soil freezing. However, not enough research has been carried out on the influence of individual factors on the freezing process. The article examines the influence of soil moisture on their supercooling and freezing temperatures. Methods: the studies were carried out in a microrefrigerator with three freezing modes. Results: it was found that with constant shaking, the supercooling temperature increased, but the freezing temperature did not change. Graphic dependences of the temperatures of supercooling and freezing of soils on the initial humidity were obtained. The degree of soil compaction did not affect these temperatures. The temperatures of supercooling and freezing of soils depend to a greater extent on the dispersion of soils than on the content of organic substances in them. Practical significance: the results of the work are important for construction as they expand the understanding of the features of the mechanism of soil freezing.
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Burghignoli, A., A. Desideri, and S. Miliziano. "A laboratory study on the thermomechanical behaviour of clayey soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 764–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-010.
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This paper presents the findings of a laboratory investigation of the thermomechanical behaviour of clayey soils. The tests were performed on reconstituted and natural clayey soils using triaxial cells modified to control temperature. The range of temperatures that were investigated is from 20° to 60°C. The thermal behaviour of the clays and the influence of temperature on their mechanical behaviour were investigated separately. The analysis of the experimental results obtained in drained and undrained nonisothermal tests and during thermal consolidation made it possible to identify a link between the thermal and the time-dependent behaviour of the soil skeleton. Therefore, as for creep processes, the response of the soil to thermal loading is not unique but among other factors depends strongly on the overall and recent stress history experienced by the soil. In the range of temperatures investigated, the deformability and strength of the soil were found to be relatively independent of temperature. Stiffening of the soil results from thermal cycles.Key words: clay, temperature, creep, stress history, recent stress history.
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Zhang, Yulan, Lijun Chen, Zhijie Wu, and Caixia Sun. "Kinetic parameters of soil β-glucosidase response to environmental temperature and moisture regimes." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 4 (August 2011): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000400022.
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Soil β-glucosidase participates in the final step of cellulose biodegradation. It is significant in the soil C cycle and is used as an indicator of the biological fertility of soil. However, the response of its kinetic parameters to environmental temperature and moisture regimes is not well understood. This study tested the β-glucosidase response in the main agricultural soils (black soil, albic soil, brown soil, and cinnamon soil) of Northeast China. Incubation tests were conducted to measure the kinetic parameters Km, Vmax or Vmax/Km of soil β-glucosidase at environmental temperatures of 10, 20 and 30 ºC and at 10, 20 and 30 % soil moisture content. The insensitive response of the kinetic parameters to temperature changes indicates that soil β-glucosidase was present primarily in immobilized form. The significant response of the kinetic parameters of soil β-glucosidase to soil moisture rather than to environmental temperatures suggests that the catalytic ability of soil β-glucosidase was sensitive to changing soil moisture regimes.
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Pogačar, Tjaša, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj, Rok Kuk, and Zalika Črepinšek. "Effects of heat waves on soil temperatures in Slovenia." Italian Journal of Agrometeorology, no. 1 (July 19, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1388.
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Soil temperature regulates the rate of plant growth and tells us much about the climatic characteristics of a particular site. Climate variability and extremes need to be studied and there is a large gap in knowledge about soil temperature during heat waves. Agricultural land is highly dependent on heat waves, which are becoming longer, more intense and more frequent, and it is important to monitor soil temperatures in situ to understand their changes during heat waves. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate how soil temperatures change at different depths during and after heat waves. Average daily air and soil temperature data for the 25-year period 1992-2016 were evaluated at four agrometeorological stations in three climate zones in Slovenia and analyzed during heat waves determined according to the Slovenian definition. During the period 1992-2016, 53 (Lesce) to 76 (Ljubljana) heat waves were identified. Analysis of average air and soil temperatures before, during and after heat waves showed higher responsiveness of the upper part of the soils and an increase in the time lag between maximum air temperature and maximum soil temperature with depth. The maximum temperature during the heat wave was reached on average in three to nine days, depending on the depth. Only in Moderate climate of the hilly region, the average daily temperatures at a depth of 100 cm remained below 20°C during and after the heat wave. The temperature rise in the deeper layers of the soil lasts longer than in the shallower layers.
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Zhan, Ming-jin, Lingjun Xia, Longfei Zhan, and Yuanhao Wang. "Recognition of Changes in Air and Soil Temperatures at a Station Typical of China’s Subtropical Monsoon Region (1961–2018)." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6927045.
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Trends in soil temperature are important but rarely reported indicators of climate change. Based on daily air and soil temperatures (depth: 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm) recorded at the Nanchang Weather Station (1961–2018), this study investigated the variation trend, abrupt changes, and years of anomalous annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures. The differences and relationships between annual air and soil temperatures were also analyzed. The results showed close correlations between air temperature and soil temperature at different depths. Annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures mainly displayed significant trends of increase over the past 58 years, although the rise of the mean air temperature and the mean soil temperature was asymmetric. The rates of increase in air temperature and soil temperature (depth: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were most obvious in spring; the most significant increase in soil temperature at the depth of 320 cm was in summer. Mean soil temperature displayed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth in both spring and summer. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at depths of 0 and 20 cm but higher than the soil temperature at depths of 80 and 320 cm in spring and summer. Mean ground temperature had a rising trend with increasing soil depth in autumn and winter. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at all depths in autumn and winter. Years with anomalously low air temperature and soil temperature at depths of 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm were relatively consistent in winter. Years with anomalous air and soil temperatures (depths: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were generally consistent; however, the relationship between air temperature and soil temperature at 320 cm depth was less consistent. The findings provide a basis for understanding and assessing climate change impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
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Campbell, Olivia, Natalie Umphlett, and Crystal Stiles. "To plant or not to plant? A soil temperature climatology for the Northern and Central Plains." Journal of Applied and Service Climatology 2022, no. 001 (January 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46275/joasc.2022.01.001.
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Sufficient soil temperatures at the time of planting are essential for a well-established stand in both large-scale agriculture and recreational home gardening. Planting too early in the season increases the risk for frost damage and slow seedling growth while planting too late risks not reaching the required growing degree days (GDD) for plant maturity. In this study, a climatology of the date in which soils reach critical temperature thresholds for crops was developed for the Northern and Central Plains. At least 15 years of soil temperature data from 155 automated stations from six different networks were utilized in this study. Results showed that Minnesota consistently reached each soil temperature threshold last, while south-central Colorado reached each threshold first, with differences in air temperature and soil moisture likely playing a role. These results were incorporated into an online tool that both professional and recreational agriculturists can use to determine when soil temperatures are best for planting. It will also help put soil temperatures into context based on a climatological average.
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Hammermeister, A. M., D. S. Chanasyk, and M. A. Naeth. "Fly ash influence on near-surface temperature of a clay loam soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-058.
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It has been suggested that fly ash, when applied as a soil amendment, would increase soil temperature. However, no quantitative data have been provided to support this hypothesis. This hypothesis was tested on four fly ash treatments (0, 100, 200, and 400 t ha−1) applied to clay loam soil in a randomized block design. Bi-hourly soil temperatures were measured on 3 summer days over 2 yr, and afternoon temperatures were measured on randomly selected spring days at 5-, 10-, and 20-cm depths in the four fly ash treatments. Temperatures were measured in conjunction with surface bulk density, water content, and particle size distribution which were also used to calculate thermal heat capacity. Fly ash decreased percent clay, soil water content, and soil heat capacity. Contrary to previously expected trends, fly ash amendment did not significantly increase mean daily soil temperature under dry conditions. Generalizations in the literature regarding the influence of fly ash on soil temperature, bulk density, and water-holding capacity must be considered carefully since they generally relate only to coarse to medium textured soils. Key words: Soil amendments, bulk density, reclamation, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric water content, particle size distribution
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Adekanmbi, Adetunji Alex, Laurence Dale, Liz Shaw, and Tom Sizmur. "Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities." Biogeosciences 20, no. 11 (June 16, 2023): 2207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023.
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Abstract. Predictions concerning the feedback of soil heterotrophic respiration to a warming climate often do not differentiate between the extracellular and intracellular steps involved in soil organic matter decomposition. This study examined the temperature sensitivities of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities and how they are influenced by previous temperatures. We pre-incubated soils at 5, 15, or 26 ∘C to acclimatize the microbial communities to different thermal regimes for 60 d before measuring potential activities of β-glucosidase and chitinase (extracellular enzymes), glucose-induced respiration (intracellular metabolic processes), and basal respiration at a range of assay temperatures (5, 15, 26, 37, and 45 ∘C). A higher pre-incubation temperature decreased the soil pH and C/N ratio and decreased β-glucosidase potential activity and respiration but not chitinase potential activity. It is likely that this legacy effect on β-glucosidase and respiration is an indirect effect of substrate depletion rather than physiological acclimatation or genetic adaptation. Pre-incubation temperature effects on temperature sensitivity were subtle and restricted to extracellular activities, perhaps because of the short (60 d) duration of the pre-incubation at temperatures that were below the initial optimum (∼ 30 ∘C) for the mesophilic soil community. However, we found that the intracellular and extracellular steps differ in their temperature sensitivity, and this observation differs depending on the range of temperature used for Q10 estimates of temperature sensitivity. Between 5 and 15 ∘C intracellular and extracellular processes show equal temperature sensitivity, but between 15 and 26 ∘C intracellular metabolic processes were more temperature sensitive than extracellular enzyme activity, and between 26 and 37 ∘C extracellular enzyme activity was more temperature sensitive than intracellular metabolic processes. This result implies that depolymerization of higher molecular weight carbon is more sensitive to temperature changes at higher temperatures (e.g. higher temperatures on extremely warm days), but the respiration of the generated monomers is more sensitive to temperature changes at moderate temperatures (e.g. mean daily maximum soil temperature). However, studies using multiple soil types and a greater range of pre-incubation temperatures are required to generalize our results. Nevertheless, since climate change predictions currently indicate that there will be a greater frequency and severity of hot summers and heatwaves, it is possible that global warming may reduce the importance of extracellular depolymerization relative to intracellular metabolic processes as the rate-limiting step of soil organic matter mineralization. We conclude that extracellular and intracellular steps are not equally sensitive to changes in soil temperature and that the previous temperature a soil is exposed to may influence the potential activity, but not temperature sensitivity, of extracellular and intracellular processes.
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Zimmermann, M., K. Davies, V. T. V. Peña de Zimmermann, and M. I. Bird. "Impact of temperature and moisture on heterotrophic soil respiration along a moist tropical forest gradient in Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 3 (2015): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14217.
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Tropical forests represent the largest store of terrestrial carbon (C) and are potentially vulnerable to climatic variations and human impact. However, the combined influence of temperature and precipitation on aboveground and belowground C cycling in tropical ecosystems is not well understood. To simulate the impact of climate (temperature and rainfall) on soil C heterotrophic respiration rates of moist tropical forests, we translocated soil cores among three elevations (100, 700 and 1540 m a.s.l.) representing a range in mean annual temperature of 10.9°C and in rainfall of 6840 mm. Initial soil C stocks in the top 30 cm along the gradient increased linearly with elevation from 6.13 kg C m–2 at 100 m a.s.l. to 10.66 kg C m–2 at 1540 m a.s.l. Respiration rates of translocated soil cores were measured every 3 weeks for 1 year and were fitted to different model functions taking into account soil temperature, soil moisture, mean annual temperature and total annual rainfall. Measured data could be best fitted to the model equation based on temperature alone. Furthermore, Akaike’s information criteria revealed that model functions taking into account the temperature range of the entire translocation gradient led to better estimates of respiration rates than functions solely based on the site-specific temperature range. Soil cores from the highest elevation revealed the largest temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 2.63), whereas these values decreased with decreasing elevation (Q10 = 2.00 at 100 m a.s.l.) or soil C stocks. We therefore conclude that increased temperatures will have the greatest impact on soil C stocks at higher elevations, and that best projections for future soil respiration rates of moist tropical forest soils can be achieved based on temperature alone and large soil cores exposed to temperatures above site-specific temperature regimes.
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Volokhov, S. S., I. N. Nikitin, and D. S. Lavrov. "Temperature deformation of frozensoils at sharp change of temperature." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2017-2-66-71.
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The results are described of the study of temperature deformation of different types of frozen soil in the cycles of cooling-heating at sudden change in temperature. The differences in the nature of the temperature deformation at step and one stage temperature change are shown. The dependences are investigated of the temperature deformation of frozen soils on soil type, moisture and total number of cycles of cooling-heating.
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Leung, Andrew C. W., William A. Gough, and Tanzina Mohsin. "Analysing Historical and Modelling Future Soil Temperature at Kuujjuaq, Quebec (Canada): Implications on Aviation Infrastructure." Forecasting 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast4010006.
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The impact of climate change on soil temperatures at Kuujjuaq, Quebec in northern Canada is assessed. First, long-term historical soil temperature records (1967–1995) are statistically analyzed to provide a climatological baseline for soils at 5 to 150 cm depths. Next, the nature of the relationship between atmospheric variables and soil temperature are determined using a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), a climatological data set. SDSM was found to replicate historic soil temperatures well and used to project soil temperatures for the remainder of the century using climate model output Canadian Second Generation Earth System Model (CanESM2). Three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) were used from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). This study found that the soil temperature at this location may warm at 0.9 to 1.2 °C per decade at various depths. Annual soil temperatures at all depths are projected to rise to above 0 °C for the 1997–2026 period for all climate scenarios. The melting soil poses a hazard to the airport infrastructure and will require adaptation measures.
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Wilson, Brian, Subhadip Ghosh, Phoebe Barnes, and Paul Kristiansen. "Drying temperature effects on bulk density and carbon density determination in soils of northern New South Wales." Soil Research 47, no. 8 (2009): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09022.
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There is a widespread and growing need for information relating to soil condition and changes in response to land management pressures. To provide the information needed to quantify land management effects on soil condition, monitoring systems are now being put in place and these programs will generate large numbers of samples. Streamlined procedures for the analysis of large sample numbers are therefore required. Bulk density (BD) is considered to be one of several key indicators for measuring soil physical condition, and is also required to estimate soil carbon density. The standard analytical technique for BD requires drying the soil at 105°C but this procedure creates several logistical and analytical problems. Our initial objective was to derive correction factors between drying temperatures to allow for rapid, low-temperature estimation of BD on large sample numbers. Soil samples were collected from 3 contrasting soil types (basalt, granite, and meta-sediments) in 4 land uses (cultivation, sown pasture, native pasture, woodland) in northern New South Wales to test the effect of soil drying temperature on BD determination. Cores were divided into 4 depths (0–0.05, 0.050–0.10, 0.10–0.20, 0.20–0.30 m), and oven-dried at 40, 70, and 105°C. Drying temperature had no significant effect on BD but the effects of soil type, depth, and land use were significant, varying according to expectations based on previous studies, i.e. higher BD in granite-derived soils and lower in basalt-derived soils, increased BD with depth, and increasing BD with increasing management intensity. These results indicate that lower drying temperatures (40°C) were adequate for the efficient determination of BD especially where analysis of other soil properties from the same sample is required. However, before this approach is applied more widely, further calibration of BD and drying temperature should be undertaken across a wider range of soils, especially on clay-rich soils.
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Zheng, Yong, Zhijie Yang, Jiacong Zhou, Wei Zheng, Shidong Chen, Weisheng Lin, Decheng Xiong, Chao Xu, Xiaofei Liu, and Yusheng Yang. "Divergent Responses of Temperature Sensitivity to Rising Incubation Temperature in Warmed and Un-Warmed Soil: A Mesocosm Experiment from a Subtropical Plantation." Forests 14, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112164.
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We conducted a short-term laboratory soil warming incubation experiment, sampling both warmed and un-warmed soils from a subtropical plantation in southeastern China, incubating them at 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C. Our aim was to study the SOC mineralization response to increasing temperatures. Our findings revealed that the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOC mineralization to short-term experimental warming varied between the warmed soil and the un-warmed soil. The Q10 of the un-warmed soil escalated with the temperature treatment (20–30 °C: 1.31, 30–40 °C: 1.63). Conversely, the Q10 of the warmed soil decreased (20–30 °C: 1.57, 30–40 °C: 1.41). Increasing temperature treatments decreased soil substrate availability (dissolved organic C) in both un-warmed and warmed soil. The C-degrading enzyme in un-warmed soil and warmed soil had different trends at different temperatures. In addition, warming decreased soil microbial biomass, resulting in a decrease in the total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and a decrease in the abundance of fungi and Gram-negative bacteria (GN) in both un-warmed and warmed soil. The ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass (F:B) in un-warming soil was significantly higher than that in warmed soil. A drop in the microbial quotient (qMBC) coupled with a rise in the metabolic quotient (qCO2) indicated that warming amplified microbial respiration over microbial growth. The differential Q10 of SOC mineralization in un-warmed and warmed soil, in response to temperature across varying soil, can primarily be attributed to shifts in soil dissolved organic C (DOC), alterations in C-degrading enzyme activities, and modifications in microbial communities (F:B).
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Paré, D., R. Boutin, G. R. Larocque, and F. Raulier. "Effect of temperature on soil organic matter decomposition in three forest biomes of eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, Special Issue (March 1, 2006): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-084.
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The sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to temperature change is critical tothe global carbon balance and to whether soils will respond with positive feedback to climate change. Forest cover determines litter composition, which controls to a large extent soil organic matter quality and its sensitivity to temperature. The effect of temperature on soil organic matter decomposition was studied along a latitudinal gradient encompassing sugar maple, balsam fir and black spruce forest types. Long-term laboratory soil incubations conducted at four different temperatures were used to discriminate the effect of temperature from that of organic matter quality on decomposition rates. The specific C mineralization rate of the humus layer was highest for balsam fir sites, intermediate for one sugar maple site and lowest for black spruce sites and the other sugar maple site. However, considering the total C pools of the FH layer and of the top 20 cm of mineral soil, it was estimated that coniferous sites exhibit a higher C efflux than sugar maple soils at any given temperature. Estimated C mineralization rates in the field using the temperature records for each individual site showed the same trends despite cooler temperature regimes for the coniferous sites. The Q10 respiration rates of the humus layer of all sites increased as the temperature got warmer. A significant effect of temperature on the pool size of labile C in the mineral soil was detected for some sites suggesting a potential long-term loss of C upon warming. The low estimated C evolution rates of sugar maple soils were perhaps due to the greater decomposition activity within the L layer, before the litter C enters underlying soil pools. These observations suggest that coniferous soils are not more resistant than deciduous forests to increasing their specific rates of soil heterotrophic respiration upon warming. Key words: Soil organic carbon, forest type, forest composition, warming, long-term incubation, labile carbon
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Medellu, Christophil, Soemarno, Marsoedi, and Sigfried Berhimpon. "Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 17, no. 2 (November 13, 2012): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.v17i2.165-172.
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Research on soil temperature in mangrove forest is a part of the mangrove ecosystem microclimate research. Studieson microclimate variables interaction, including soil temperature is important and interesting because it is associatedwith ecosystem and environmental changes, and the biota living in it. This study developed a mathematical modelingof soil temperatures and solar illumination in mangrove forest and the surrounding environment. Mathematicalmodeling function was constructed using data measured on three transects which different in ecosystem condition.The results showed that the mathematical modeling parameters produced the parameters of solar illumination andsoil temperatures that were difference for the three transects. Time lag of soil temperature on solar illumination wasalso diference in the three transects due to the difference of penetration of sun radiation and soil inundation by seawater. These parameters also showed the differences between the soil temperature in mangrove with the soiltemperature in terrestrial forest as studied by the former researcher. Our research demonstrated the charachteristicof soil temperature in mangrove, that was not merely controlled by sun radiation, but also it was contribute by thesea water and other factors.[How to Cite: Medellu C, Soemarno, Marsoedi and S Berhimpon. 2012. Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes. J Trop Soils 17 (2) : 67-74. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.165][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.540/jts.2012.17.2.165]
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Ping, C. L. "Soil Temperature Profiles of Two Alaskan Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, no. 4 (July 1987): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040035x.
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Berard, Raymond G., and George W. Thurtell. "Soil temperature measurements." Remote Sensing Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757259009532136.
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Vasilescu, Roxana, Kexin Yin, Anne-Laure Fauchille, Panagiotis Kotronis, Christophe Dano, Richard Manirakiza, and Philippe Gotteland. "Influence of thermal cycles on the deformation of soil-pile interface in energy piles." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213004.
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Energy piles are double purpose foundation elements used both for transferring loads to the soil and temperature regulation in buildings. The response of the pile-soil interface is influenced by daily and seasonal temperature variations. In order to assess the impact of thermal cycles on the mobilization of shear strength in energy piles, a series of saturated soil-concrete interface direct shear tests were performed in the laboratory for different temperature gradients with a new interface direct shear device adapted for thermomechanical loading. As natural soils are very complex due to a high variability of mineralogy and anisotropy, silica and carbonate sands were chosen in this study. Those sands are considered as the main types of sandy soils commonly met in geotechnics. The experimental campaign is divided in two parts: (i) Concrete-soil direct shear tests at 13°C (constant temperature) to be used as a reference (ii) Concrete-soil direct shear tests after 10 temperature cycles with a gradient ΔT=10°C, under submerged conditions. For these two types of soils, realistic temperature cycles applied between 8 and 18°C cause the overall low contraction of the samples. However the interface friction angles are not significantly modified before and after the temperature cycles. Even if the vertical strains of soils are cumulative along temperature cycles, soil’s strains and friction angle changes are relatively negligible for the temperatures and water content tested, which support the low impact of temperature cycles on the deformation of soil concrete foundation under submerged conditions. These experimental results bring new features which will be implemented in numerical models to study the long-term use of energy piles.