Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soilless media

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soilless media'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soilless media"

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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Mengmeng Gu, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Isabel M. Lima, and Eric C. Petrie. "Sugarcane and Pine Biochar as Amendments for Greenhouse Growing Media for the Production of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p58.

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Louisiana sugarcane farmers in 2016 harvested 11.7 million Mg of millable sugarcane from 163,000 ha, producing 1.47 million Mg of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million Mg of bagasse. Even though Louisiana sugar mills use 80% to 90% of the bagasse for fuel production, another 350,000 to 700,000 Mg of bagasse accumulates each year. The conversion of the excess bagasse into biochar is one solution to reduce the excess supply. Research was conducted to determine the impact of sugarcane biochar as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and pine biochar (PB) were each combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, biochars and growing media, respectively). Green bean variety ‘Bowie’ seeds were planted in each of the different planting mixtures. The particle size distribution for the two biochars are in stark contrast to each other with the PB particle median, mean, geometric mean, and mode much greater than those of the SBB. As amendments to the soilless greenhouse growing media, the biochars (SBB and PB) functioned very well, especially at the 25% and 75% levels. The 100% SBB performed as well as the 100% commercial soilless growing media and slightly better than the 100% PB when comparing seedling fresh and dry weights. The 100% PB is not recommended as a soilless growing media even with the supplemental fertilizer used in these experiments. These results indicate that the volume of a standard soilless greenhouse growing media can be successfully extended by adding 25% to 75% SBB and PB without reducing bean seedling growth. Future research is needed to evaluate these biochars for the production of additional plant species.
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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1099G—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retention was significantly affected by irrigation method and medium amendments. Irrigation method followed the order overhead >= drip > flood and drain >= mat. Hydrophilic gel increased water retention, but in contrast to previous results, wetting agent did not, nor was any interaction of gel and wetting agent observed. Retention of water at container capacity, measured in situ at the end of each experiment, was significantly larger than actual retention.
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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1099g—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099g.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retention was significantly affected by irrigation method and medium amendments. Irrigation method followed the order overhead >= drip > flood and drain >= mat. Hydrophilic gel increased water retention, but in contrast to previous results, wetting agent did not, nor was any interaction of gel and wetting agent observed. Retention of water at container capacity, measured in situ at the end of each experiment, was significantly larger than actual retention.
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Sabatino, Leo. "Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems—An Editorial." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (2020): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091384.

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Peat-free growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates are the basis for the economic and ecological efficiency of the soilless culture system. Nevertheless, divergence between the model and practice still exists, coming from large gaps in the knowledge of alternative organic materials and of their effects on crop performance. A more detailed understanding of these topics is necessary to increase the soilless culture management capacity. In this respect, this critical review collects research outcomes concerning the sustainability of soilless culture and growing media constituents and their impact on the environment. In particular, the review covers designated articles stressing the pros and cons of soilless culture and growing media constituents, the exploitation of different organic materials and their economic and environmental relevance.
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Lin, Yuan-ling P., E. Jay Holocomb, and Jonathan P. Lynch. "490 PB 140 MARIGOLD GROWTH IN SOILLESS MEDIA AMENDED WITH PHOSPHORUS-CHARGED ALUMINA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 501e—501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.501e.

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Soilless growing media are used extensively in the greenhouse, especially for the potted plant production. Unlike soil having a phosphorus (P)-fixing ability, soilless media allows greater P leaching from the media. Leaching of excess P results in inefficient fertilizer utilization and effluent pollution. In hydroponic and sand-culture systems, alumina adsorbed with P (P-alumina) has been developed as a P source to maintain buffered P concentrations in nutrient solutions. This P-alumina has not been used with soilless media; however, it may have a potential of serving as a P source for plant growth and a P buffer to alleviate P leaching in soilless media. Marigolds were grown in soilless media (peat moss: vermiculite: sand=2:2:1, v/v/v) with P-alumina at various concentrations being substituted for sand. These marigolds were fertilized with a nutrient solution containing no additional P, while the control was fertilized with complete nutrient solution. In four cultivars of marigolds, me P-alumina treatments produced comparable or superior growth and floral production compared to plants provided with complete nutrient solutions or conventional fertilizer. 70% of applied P was leached in conventional treatments compared to only 2% in the P-alumina treatments.
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Rogers, Mary A. "Organic Vegetable Crop Production in Controlled Environments Using Soilless Media." HortTechnology 27, no. 2 (2017): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03352-16.

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Organic vegetables produced in greenhouses and other controlled environments may fill a unique market niche as consumers demand local, high vegetables year round. However, limited technical information supports these production systems and more research is needed to provide recommendations for appropriate substrate mixes and nutrient management. Compost can be used as a substitute for peat-based media, and research results vary widely based on feedstock, compost method, and proportion used in mixes. Most studies consider compost in terms of peat-substitute or replacement and not as a source of fertility in soilless systems. Common challenges in using compost in soilless media are due to immaturity of the compost, poor water holding capacity, and unbalanced salinity and pH. It is possible to certify organic soilless production systems; however, the National Organic Program (NOP) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has not yet provided clear rules and requirements supporting these systems. The objective of this article is to review the literature on soilless organic vegetable production, summarize results from the more widely studied topic of vegetable transplant production, and point to future research for organic agriculture.
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Elliott, George C. "489 PB 137 LIME REACTION AND pH BUFFERING IN SOILLESS MEDIA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 501d—501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.501d.

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Addition of lime to increase pH is generally essential for soilless media based on acidic organic materials. Media pH may decrease over time as the result of addition of acidic fertilizers. The objectives of this research were: to characterize reactions of conventional or finely ground lime in soilless media; to compare resistance to acidification in soilless media amended with conventional or finely ground lime; and to evaluate, for media containing rockwool, an equation to predict H+ activity (HA) of binary mixtures from HA of components. Various soilless media were amended with each type of lime at rates from 1 to 16 kg m-3 and incubated 8 weeks at 20 C. Subsamples were removed and pH was measured in saturated slurries. Finely ground lime was about twice as effective as conventional lime in adjusting pH to 6.0 within 1 week after mixing and wetting. Neither initial nor final HA of unlimed peat-rockwool mixes could not be predicted from HA of components. Three media were amended with each type of lime, planted or left unplanted, and irrigated with fertilizer solution with and without 1.0 N H2SO4. Final pH of media amended with finely ground lime averaged 0.2 units lower than media amended with conventional lime. Final pH of unplanted media averaged 0.5 units lower than planted media. Final pH of media fertilized with solution containing H2SO4 averaged 0.6 units lower than without. Addition of H2SO4 to fertilizer stimulated growth of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens xhybrida).
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Elliott, G. C., R. J. McAvoy, and M. Abbot. "Comparison of Spurway and saturated media extracts of soilless media." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, no. 9-10 (1994): 1255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369113.

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Compton, Michael, and Timothy Zauche. "Potential of Anaerobic Digestion-derived Biosolids as an Organic Addendum in Horticultural Growing Media." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 970D—970. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.970d.

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Soilless horticultural growing media are composed of organic matter, coarse aggregates, nutrients, and a wetting agent. Sphagnum peat has been the standard organic addendum to soilles growing media. However, recent shortages, escalating costs, and its acidity make sphagnum peat a sometimes less-than-desirable material. Alternatives such as composted bark dust, coconut coir, composted manure, and crop by-products have been proposed as substitutes for sphagnum peat, but none are a suitable general alternative. Anaerobic digestion-derived biosolids (ADB) has the potential to become a complete or partial substitute for sphagnum peat. ADB is a cellulosic product similar in appearance to sphagnum peat and is a product from the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure for 14 to 25 days at temperatures between 104 °F. and 140 °F. Bacteria from the animal's rumen, present in the manure prior to anaerobic digestion, are used to breakdown excessive nutrients present in the manure. Following anaerobic digestion, the nutrient-rich liquid phase is removed to yield an odorless cellulosic fiber that is sterile, free of weeds, pests, and pathogens, as well as uniform and reproducible. The potential application of ADB to the horticulture industry, most specifically as an organic addendum to soilless media, is immense and will be discussed. Use of anaerobic digester-derived biosolids in horticultural growing media is a protected intellectual property and available for license through the WiSys Technology Foundation.
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Liu, Zong, Julie Howe, Xiao Wang, Xiao Liang, and Troy Runge. "Use of Dry Dairy Manure Pellets as Nutrient Source for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Growth in Soilless Media." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030811.

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A sustainable dairy manure amendment for soilless crop growth systems was evaluated for its ability to provide nutrients and serve as a major component of the growing media. After manure liquid/solid separation, the solids stream containing organic N and P was pelletized and used as a nutrient source for cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) culture in soilless media. The pellets are low in moisture, odor, and pathogens, and they can be hauled at lower cost over longer distances and more easily stored than raw or composted manure. Manure pellet additions to soilless media were evaluated at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume. Manure pellets had a total N content of 3.7%. Fruit size, ripeness, and biomass, plant height, nutrients value in tissue/pellets/media, and time to complete growth cycle were analyzed. Overall, manure pellet treatments improved plant height and growth rate compared to the negative control, especially when pellets were 15% to 50% of the soilless media. This indicates that the nutrients in the manure were being mineralized, and plants were able to utilize the manure-based nutrients for growth. Leaf tissue nutrient analysis revealed that N, K, Zn, and Fe in leaf tissue were not at sufficiency levels at any level of manure pellet addition. Phosphorus and Cu reached sufficiency levels with 10% or greater manure pellet additions. Calcium, Mg, S, Mn, and B were sufficient in all plants, regardless of fertilizer or manure pellet treatment. Manure pellets demonstrate the potential to be used as a substrate and partial growth medium to reduce synthetic fertilizer use for more sustainable soilless container culture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soilless media"

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DeRose, Haley Nicole. "Coconut Coir as a Vertical Textile in Soilless Growth Systems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619537140131192.

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Saha, Shubin Kumar. "Utilization of chlorination and soilless media for management of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. in greenhouse production of Capsicum annuum L. in a closed soilless system." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024649.

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Bardhan, Sougata. "Formulating Soilless Greenhouse and Nursery Media Using Clean Coal Combustion Products and Organic Wastes." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418401273.

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Faber, Richard James. "Vegetative growth and alkaloid concentration of Sceletium Tortuosum (L.) N.E. Br. in response to different soilless growing media and fertigation regimes in hydroponics." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3108.

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Thesis (Master of Horticultural Science)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019<br>The purpose for this study was to investigate whether Sceletium tortuosum was suitable for cultivation in hydroponics and to determine whether different soilless media and fertigation regimes would have an effect on the vegetative growth and alkaloid concentration of the plant. The experiment was conducted over a period of 6 weeks. Three hundred plants were cultivated from one initial mother plant obtained from Verve Dynamics (Pty) Ltd, Somerset West. Twenty treatments were evaluated with 15 sample replicates. Treatments were made up of 4 different soilless growing media, namely: pure silica sand (SS), 50% silica sand with 50% coco-peat (SC), 50% silica sand with 50% vermiculite (SV), and 50% silica sand with 50% perlite (SP). These growing media were tested in conjunction with 5 different fertigation regimes (FR), plants treated with fertigation regime 1 (FR1) received aqueous nutrient solution once every week, fertigation regime 2 (FR2) received aqueous nutrient solution once every second week, fertigation regime 3 (FR3) received aqueous nutrient solution once every third week, fertigation regime 4 (FR4) received aqueous nutrient solution once every fourth week and fertigation regime 5 (FR5) received aqueous nutrient solution once every fifth week respectively. Chapter 2 reviewed the importance of S. tortuosum and its viability as a Traditional African Medicinal Plant. It was found that S. tortuosum has clear pharmaceutical and economical importance and is one of the only known plants to contain the alkaloids mesembrenone and mesembrine which can be utilized for the promotion of health and treating a variety of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. In chapter 3 it was seen that the various treatments had significant effects in terms of plant root growth, shoot growth and dry weight. Treatment SCFR3 showed the highest individual mean value for root growth, while the average from treatments SVFR1-5 displayed the highest average value. The lowest individual value for root growth was observed in treatment SPFR5. Overall treatments with fertigation regime FR3 had better root growth, while fertigation regimes FR5 showed sub-optimal root growth. For shoot growth the highest individual mean value was found in treatment SVFR1, while the highest average value was observed in treatments SCFR1-5. In chapter 4 treatments also had a significant effect on alkaloid concentrations. It was observed that shoot extracts contained a higher concentration of total alkaloids than root extracts, however root extracts had an overall higher amount of delta 7 mesembrenone, and mesembrenone in terms of area %, while shoots had higher amounts of mesembrine. Further the mesembrine standard as mentioned in 4.4.5, shoots clearly have an overall higher concentration of mesembrine than roots. These results suggest that roots of S. tortuosum should be harvested for the purpose of extracting delta 7 mesembrenone and mesembrenone molecules, while the shoots should be harvested for extracting mesembrine. Chapter 5 further investigated the interaction between the vegetative growth and alkaloid concentration of S. tortuosum. There appears to be a clear trend that displays higher concentrations of mesembrine where shoot growth was more optimal, however more optimal growth did not display a higher concentration of total alkaloids. In terms of root growth and total alkaloid concentration, it did not appear that more optimal growth induced higher concentrations of total root alkaloids, meaning reasonable stress on plant root and shoot growth could possibly promote higher concentrations of total alkaloids. It is also clear that overall roots contain more delta 7 mesembrenone and mesembrenone than shoots, suggesting roots should be harvest for extracting these molecules specifically. In most cases high results of delta 7 mesembrenone in roots also had similar amounts of mesembrenone, however certain treatments resulted in higher concentrations of the former and the latter, therefore their similar molecular structure does not always permit similar manifestation in the plant material. Overall this study has found that S. tortuosum is suitable for cultivation in hydroponics, and that soilless media, fertigation regimes as well as soilless media in conjunction with fertigation regimes affected the vegetative growth and alkaloid concentration of S. tortuosum. This research has shown that some soilless media and fertigation regime treatments had more desirable results in terms of vegetative growth and/or alkaloid concentration of the plant.
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Ogutu, Rose Atieno. "Calcined materials as components of soilless root media : phosphate sorption characteristics and effects on phosphate and water use in greenhouse production of Impatiens wallerana." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/720.

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Ritter, Carlos Evandro Leite. "Micropropagação e aclimatização de plântulas de morangueiro do clone Ivahé." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5002.

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The objectives of this work were to test different salt and sucrose concentrations in the in vitro medium and acclimatizing systems for production of strawberry stock plants. One experiment was conducted at the Breeding and Plant Propagation Laboratory and two experiments inside a screen house at the Department of Fitotecnia UFSM, from February to October, 2008. In the first experiment, sucrose 15; 30; 45 and 60g/L and salt ½; ¾ and 1 MS concentrations were compared, in a 3x4 factorial randomized experimental design, with five replications of five plantlets. Two evaluations were made, the first after plantlets were extracted from the in vitro medium and the second at the end of the acclimatizing period. In the first evaluation, the rate of survival, shoot height, number of roots, length of the bigger root and number of leaves of plantlets were determined. In the second evaluation, the same evaluations were done and also dry matter. In the second experiment, the effect of sucrose and salt concentrations on initial growth of stock plants was determined. Six plantlets of each in vitro medium of the previous experiment were used. The number of days from planting to the beginning of the stolon emission period, number of leaves and stolons, crown diameter and dry matter were determined 30 days after the acclimatizing period. In the third experiment, the acclimatizing systems made up by 128 cells polystyrene trays using organic substrate, polyethylene trays filled with sand and polyethylene trays filed with nutrient solution upon that plantlets floated were compared. The entirely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications of 10 plantlets. The rate of survival, shoot height, number of roots, length of the bigger root, number of leaves and shoot and root dry mass were determined. At the first evaluation of the first experiment, only number of leaves differed significantly, being higher in the 1 MS concentration. At the second evaluation, shoot height was higher in 1 MS, without difference from ¾ MS concentration. At the second experiment, the length of the bigger root was higher in ¾ MS, which did not differed from ½ MS. Dry mater and number of leaves of stock plants were higher by rooting plantlets in the 45 g/L sucrose and 1 MS salt concentrations. About acclimatizing systems, shoot height and number of leaves were higher in the 128 cells polystyrene trays using organic substrate while shoot and root dry matter were higher in the polyethylene trays filled with sand. It was concluded that for the clone Ivahé, the salt concentration may be reduced from 1 MS to ¾ MS and sucrose may be increased from 30 g/L to 45 g/L. About acclimatizing systems, the 128 cells polystyrene trays using organic substrate and the polyethylene trays filled with sand may be either used for acclimatizing plantlets of the Ivahé strawberry clone.<br>Este trabalho teve como objetivos testar diferentes concentrações de sais e de sacarose no meio de cultura e sistemas de aclimatização para a produção de mudas matrizes de morangueiro. Foi conduzido um experimento no Laboratório de Melhoramento e Propagação Vegetativa de Plantas e dois em abrigo telado, no Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFSM, entre fevereiro e novembro de 2008. No primeiro experimento, foram comparadas as concentrações de sacarose de 15, 30, 45 e 60g/L e de sais de ½, ¾ e 1 MS, em esquema fatorial 3x4 no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de cinco plântulas. Foram realizadas duas avaliações, uma na saída das plântulas do laboratório e outra após a aclimatização. Na primeira avaliação foi determinada a sobrevivência de plântulas, altura da parte aérea, número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz e número de folhas. Na segunda avaliação essas determinações foram repetidas e foi também determinada a matéria seca de planta. No segundo experimento, foi determinado o efeito das concentrações de sais e sacarose no crescimento inicial das plantas matrizes. Foram utilizadas seis plântulas de cada concentração de meio empregadas no experimento anterior. Foi determinado o número de dias do transplante ao início do estolonamento, o número de folhas, número de estolões, diâmetro da coroa e matéria seca de plantas 30 dias após a aclimatização. No terceiro experimento, foram comparados os sistemas de aclimatização constituídos por bandejas alveoladas de poliestireno de 128 células com substrato orgânico, bandejas não alveoladas de polietileno com areia e bandejas não alveoladas com uma placa de poliestireno flutuante na solução nutritiva. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi empregado, com quatro repetições de 10 plântulas. Foi determinada a sobrevivência de plântulas, altura da parte aérea, número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, número de folhas e matéria seca de parte aérea e de raízes. No primeiro experimento, na primeira avaliação somente o número de folhas mostrou diferença significativa, sendo mais elevado na concentração 1 MS. Na segunda avaliação, a altura da parte aérea foi maior na concentração 1 MS, sem diferença de ¾ MS. No segundo experimento, o comprimento da maior raiz foi superior no tratamento ¾ MS, que não diferiu de ½ MS. A matéria seca e o número de folhas das plantas matrizes foram superiores quando as plântulas foram enraizadas na concentração de sacarose de 45gL e 1 MS de sais. Com relação aos sistemas de aclimatização, a altura da parte aérea e o número de folhas foram mais elevados no sistema de aclimatização em bandejas alveoladas com substrato, enquanto a matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes foram superiores no sistema de bandejas não alveoladas com areia. Concluiu-se que para o clone Ivahé, a concentração de sais pode ser reduzida de 1 MS para ¾ MS e que a concentração de sacarose pode ser aumentada de 30 g/L para 45 g/L. Quanto aos sistemas de aclimatização, as bandejas alveoladas de poliestireno com substrato orgânico e as bandejas não alveoladas de polietileno com areia podem ser empregadas para aclimatizar plântulas do clone Ivahé.
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Mills, Gretchen E. "Tomato growth as influenced by nutrient solution concentration and soilless media components /." 2000. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3485.

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Williams, Alexandra Perseveranda. "The influence of soilless growing media on the movement and longevity of the herbicide dimethenamid-P." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/williams%5Falexandra%5Fp%5F200912%5Fms.

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Maboko, Martin Makgose. "Yield and quality parameters of tomato cultivars as affected by different soilless production systems and beneficial micro-organisms." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10579.

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Most tomato cultivars used for commercial food production are imported into South Africa. Optimal growing conditions for these specific cultivars need to be determined, as wrong cultivar choices can lead to great financial losses. Lack of information on selecting well-performing cultivars may lead to lower yield or unacceptable fruit quality. Information on the performance of tomato cultivars under South African conditions, utilizing plastic tunnels or shadenet structures under soilless cultivation is still very limited. Soilless cultivation of vegetables is becoming a preferable over in-soil cultivation due to the improved yield and quality of produce, efficient water and nutrients usage by the crop; furthermore, the grower can regulate nutrient solution, electrical conductivity and pH of the nutrient solution. To identify the optimal system for growing tomatoes hydroponically, the performance of four tomato cultivars (‘FA593’, ‘Miramar’, ‘FiveOFive’ and ‘Malory’) under different growing conditions was evaluated: directly planted in soil under 40% shadenet with drip irrigation, a closed hydroponic system under 40% shadenet, an open bag system under 40% shadenet, or an open-bag system in a temperature controlled as well as a non-temperature controlled tunnel. The study revealed that ‘Miramar’ performed better than the other cultivars in all production systems, with the exception of soil cultivation where there were no differences amongst the four cultivars. Fruit cracking was found to be directly correlated with fruit size, as the large-sized cultivars ‘Malory’ and ‘FA593’ were more susceptible than the other two cultivars. Plants grown under shadenet were prone to fruit cracking and raincheck as well as early blight. Higher yields were obtained when plants were produced in the open bag system under temperature controlled conditions and in the closed system under shadenet. Growing tomatoes in the non-temperature controlled tunnel resulted in high incidences of fruit cracking, poor yield and pre-mature fruit ripening probably due to high and fluctuating temperatures under such conditions. The average marketable yield was 88% and 59% of the total yield in the temperature controlled and non-temperature controlled tunnels, respectively. A further experiment was carried out to improve yield and quality of tunnel tomatoes using beneficial micro-organisms, i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) at different nutrient concentrations. Tomato seedlings were treated with Mycoroot™ containing four mycorrhiza species (Glomus etunicatum, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus clarum and Glomus mossea) at transplanting and subsequently transferred to either a temperature controlled or a non-temperature controlled tunnel under the recommended (100%) or reduced (75 and 50%) nutrient concentrations. Sawdust was used as a growing medium in this experiment. Application of AMF neither enhanced plant growth, yield, nor fruit mineral nutrient concentrations; although fruit Mn and Zn concentrations in the temperature controlled tunnel increased significantly following AMF application. Plants grown in the non-temperature controlled tunnel had significantly poorer plant growth, and lower yield and lower fruit mineral concentrations, compared with fruit from plants in the temperature controlled tunnel. Tomato plants in the non-temperature controlled tunnel had higher levels of micro-elements in leaf tissue, compared with those in the temperature controlled tunnel. The highest yields were obtained from plants fertigated with 75% of the recommended nutrient concentration, as compared with the 100 and 50% nutrient concentrations. When coir was subsequently used as the growing medium, Mycoroot™ applied at seeding and transplanting did not enhance mycorrhizal colonization or fruit quality. Growing tomatoes under reduced nutrient supply reduced the total soluble solids in the juice of the fruit, but improved total and marketable yield, as well as the number of marketable fruit. This effect was more substantial in the temperature controlled than in the non-temperature controlled tunnel. Fruit firmness and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in plants grown in the temperature controlled tunnel. Growing tomatoes in sawdust improved the leaf Mn and Ca concentration over that of tomato plants grown in coir. Mycorrhizal colonisation did not have a beneficial effect on tomato yield and quality. The study indicated that cultivar selection was important in obtaining the highest yield and quality of tomato using the closed hydroponic system under shadenet and the open bag hydroponic system in the temperature controlled tunnel. Temperature controlled tunnels with a pad–and-fan cooling system are still an effective way of cooling the tunnel environment which resulted in high yield and high quality of tomatoes with a higher fruit mineral content than that obtained under non-temperature controlled conditions where only natural ventilation is relied on. Results also demonstrated that mycorrhizal colonization in soilless condition has limited beneficial effects in allowing for better nutrient uptake and thereby for improved yield and quality of tomatoes. Further studies, including different media, nutrient composition and concentrations, need to be carried out to investigate the possible causes of AMF failure to improve yield, despite good AMF root colonization.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
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Books on the topic "Soilless media"

1

Schwarz, Meier. Soilless culture management. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. Growing greenhouse tomatoes in soil and in soilless media. Available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1991.

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Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. Growing greenhouse seedless cucumbers in soil and in soilless media. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1994.

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International Congress on Soilless Culture (7th 1988 Flevohof). Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Soilless Culture, Flevohof, The Netherlands, 13-21 May 1988. Secretariat of ISOSC, 1989.

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Symposium on Soil and Soilless Media under Protected Cultivation (1992 Cairo, Egypt). Symposium on Soil and Soilless Media Under Protected Cultivation: Cairo, Egypt, March 1-6, 1992. Edited by Smith A. R, Abou-Hadid A. F, and International Society for Horticultural Science. ISHS, 1993.

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Miller, Michelle L. The effect of four composts on the establishment of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in soilless media. 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soilless media"

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Decker, Henry F. "Producing Sods over Plastic in Soilless Media." In Horticultural Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650813.ch8.

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MAHER, MICHAEL, MUNOO PRASAD, and MICHAEL RAVIV. "ORGANIC SOILLESS MEDIA COMPONENTS." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452975-6.50013-7.

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Carlile, W. R., Michael Raviv, and M. Prasad. "Organic Soilless Media Components." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63696-6.00008-6.

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WALLACH, RONY. "PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILLESS MEDIA." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452975-6.50005-8.

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SILBER, AVNER. "CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILLESS MEDIA." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452975-6.50008-3.

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Wallach, Rony. "Physical Characteristics of Soilless Media." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63696-6.00003-7.

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Silber, Avner. "Chemical Characteristics of Soilless Media." In Soilless Culture. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63696-6.00004-9.

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"Soilless Rooting Growing Media." In Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Manual, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11577-31.

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"Organic Media Soilless Culture." In Hydroponics. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849331671.ch10.

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"Organic Media Soilless Culture." In Hydroponics. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420037708.ch10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soilless media"

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"Evaluation of Soilless Media Sensors for Managing Winter-time Greenhouse Strawberry Production using a CapMat System." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141913441.

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"Influence of Different Treatments of Nutrition, Putrescine and Media on Corm, Cormel Production and some Biochemical Parameters of two Cultivars Gladiolus under Soilless Condition." In AEBMS-2017, ICCET-2017, BBMPS-17, UPACEE-17, LHESS-17, TBFIS-2017, IC4E-2017, AMLIS-2017 & BEFM-2017. Higher Education and Innovation Group (HEAIG), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/heaig.c1217214.

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