Journal articles: 'Soilless media'

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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Mengmeng Gu, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Isabel M. Lima, and Eric C. Petrie. "Sugarcane and Pine Biochar as Amendments for Greenhouse Growing Media for the Production of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p58.

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Louisiana sugarcane farmers in 2016 harvested 11.7 million Mg of millable sugarcane from 163,000 ha, producing 1.47 million Mg of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million Mg of bagasse. Even though Louisiana sugar mills use 80% to 90% of the bagasse for fuel production, another 350,000 to 700,000 Mg of bagasse accumulates each year. The conversion of the excess bagasse into biochar is one solution to reduce the excess supply. Research was conducted to determine the impact of sugarcane biochar as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and pine biochar (PB) were each combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, biochars and growing media, respectively). Green bean variety ‘Bowie’ seeds were planted in each of the different planting mixtures. The particle size distribution for the two biochars are in stark contrast to each other with the PB particle median, mean, geometric mean, and mode much greater than those of the SBB. As amendments to the soilless greenhouse growing media, the biochars (SBB and PB) functioned very well, especially at the 25% and 75% levels. The 100% SBB performed as well as the 100% commercial soilless growing media and slightly better than the 100% PB when comparing seedling fresh and dry weights. The 100% PB is not recommended as a soilless growing media even with the supplemental fertilizer used in these experiments. These results indicate that the volume of a standard soilless greenhouse growing media can be successfully extended by adding 25% to 75% SBB and PB without reducing bean seedling growth. Future research is needed to evaluate these biochars for the production of additional plant species.

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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1099G—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retention was significantly affected by irrigation method and medium amendments. Irrigation method followed the order overhead >= drip > flood and drain >= mat. Hydrophilic gel increased water retention, but in contrast to previous results, wetting agent did not, nor was any interaction of gel and wetting agent observed. Retention of water at container capacity, measured in situ at the end of each experiment, was significantly larger than actual retention.

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Elliott, George C. "WATER RETENTION IN SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1099g—1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1099g.

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Water retention was measured in soilless potting media irrigated by capillary mat, flood and drain, drip or overhead sprinkler. Media were amended with wetting agent or hydrophilic polymeric gel. Pots 12 cm high with a volume of 465 cm3 were loose-filled to the top with media. Potted media were wetted overhead with 120 ml water, then pots were randomly assigned to irrigation treatments. Capillary mat irrigation was continuous; other irrigation treatments were applied daily. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until no further retention was measured. Water retention was significantly affected by irrigation method and medium amendments. Irrigation method followed the order overhead >= drip > flood and drain >= mat. Hydrophilic gel increased water retention, but in contrast to previous results, wetting agent did not, nor was any interaction of gel and wetting agent observed. Retention of water at container capacity, measured in situ at the end of each experiment, was significantly larger than actual retention.

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Sabatino, Leo. "Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems—An Editorial." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091384.

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Peat-free growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates are the basis for the economic and ecological efficiency of the soilless culture system. Nevertheless, divergence between the model and practice still exists, coming from large gaps in the knowledge of alternative organic materials and of their effects on crop performance. A more detailed understanding of these topics is necessary to increase the soilless culture management capacity. In this respect, this critical review collects research outcomes concerning the sustainability of soilless culture and growing media constituents and their impact on the environment. In particular, the review covers designated articles stressing the pros and cons of soilless culture and growing media constituents, the exploitation of different organic materials and their economic and environmental relevance.

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Lin, Yuan-ling P., E. Jay Holocomb, and Jonathan P. Lynch. "490 PB 140 MARIGOLD GROWTH IN SOILLESS MEDIA AMENDED WITH PHOSPHORUS-CHARGED ALUMINA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 501e—501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.501e.

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Soilless growing media are used extensively in the greenhouse, especially for the potted plant production. Unlike soil having a phosphorus (P)-fixing ability, soilless media allows greater P leaching from the media. Leaching of excess P results in inefficient fertilizer utilization and effluent pollution. In hydroponic and sand-culture systems, alumina adsorbed with P (P-alumina) has been developed as a P source to maintain buffered P concentrations in nutrient solutions. This P-alumina has not been used with soilless media; however, it may have a potential of serving as a P source for plant growth and a P buffer to alleviate P leaching in soilless media. Marigolds were grown in soilless media (peat moss: vermiculite: sand=2:2:1, v/v/v) with P-alumina at various concentrations being substituted for sand. These marigolds were fertilized with a nutrient solution containing no additional P, while the control was fertilized with complete nutrient solution. In four cultivars of marigolds, me P-alumina treatments produced comparable or superior growth and floral production compared to plants provided with complete nutrient solutions or conventional fertilizer. 70% of applied P was leached in conventional treatments compared to only 2% in the P-alumina treatments.

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Rogers, Mary A. "Organic Vegetable Crop Production in Controlled Environments Using Soilless Media." HortTechnology 27, no. 2 (April 2017): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03352-16.

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Organic vegetables produced in greenhouses and other controlled environments may fill a unique market niche as consumers demand local, high vegetables year round. However, limited technical information supports these production systems and more research is needed to provide recommendations for appropriate substrate mixes and nutrient management. Compost can be used as a substitute for peat-based media, and research results vary widely based on feedstock, compost method, and proportion used in mixes. Most studies consider compost in terms of peat-substitute or replacement and not as a source of fertility in soilless systems. Common challenges in using compost in soilless media are due to immaturity of the compost, poor water holding capacity, and unbalanced salinity and pH. It is possible to certify organic soilless production systems; however, the National Organic Program (NOP) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has not yet provided clear rules and requirements supporting these systems. The objective of this article is to review the literature on soilless organic vegetable production, summarize results from the more widely studied topic of vegetable transplant production, and point to future research for organic agriculture.

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Elliott, George C. "489 PB 137 LIME REACTION AND pH BUFFERING IN SOILLESS MEDIA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 501d—501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.501d.

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Addition of lime to increase pH is generally essential for soilless media based on acidic organic materials. Media pH may decrease over time as the result of addition of acidic fertilizers. The objectives of this research were: to characterize reactions of conventional or finely ground lime in soilless media; to compare resistance to acidification in soilless media amended with conventional or finely ground lime; and to evaluate, for media containing rockwool, an equation to predict H+ activity (HA) of binary mixtures from HA of components. Various soilless media were amended with each type of lime at rates from 1 to 16 kg m-3 and incubated 8 weeks at 20 C. Subsamples were removed and pH was measured in saturated slurries. Finely ground lime was about twice as effective as conventional lime in adjusting pH to 6.0 within 1 week after mixing and wetting. Neither initial nor final HA of unlimed peat-rockwool mixes could not be predicted from HA of components. Three media were amended with each type of lime, planted or left unplanted, and irrigated with fertilizer solution with and without 1.0 N H2SO4. Final pH of media amended with finely ground lime averaged 0.2 units lower than media amended with conventional lime. Final pH of unplanted media averaged 0.5 units lower than planted media. Final pH of media fertilized with solution containing H2SO4 averaged 0.6 units lower than without. Addition of H2SO4 to fertilizer stimulated growth of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens xhybrida).

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Elliott, G. C., R. J. McAvoy, and M. Abbot. "Comparison of Spurway and saturated media extracts of soilless media." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, no. 9-10 (June 1994): 1255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369113.

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Compton, Michael, and Timothy Zauche. "Potential of Anaerobic Digestion-derived Biosolids as an Organic Addendum in Horticultural Growing Media." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 970D—970. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.970d.

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Soilless horticultural growing media are composed of organic matter, coarse aggregates, nutrients, and a wetting agent. Sphagnum peat has been the standard organic addendum to soilles growing media. However, recent shortages, escalating costs, and its acidity make sphagnum peat a sometimes less-than-desirable material. Alternatives such as composted bark dust, coconut coir, composted manure, and crop by-products have been proposed as substitutes for sphagnum peat, but none are a suitable general alternative. Anaerobic digestion-derived biosolids (ADB) has the potential to become a complete or partial substitute for sphagnum peat. ADB is a cellulosic product similar in appearance to sphagnum peat and is a product from the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure for 14 to 25 days at temperatures between 104 °F. and 140 °F. Bacteria from the animal's rumen, present in the manure prior to anaerobic digestion, are used to breakdown excessive nutrients present in the manure. Following anaerobic digestion, the nutrient-rich liquid phase is removed to yield an odorless cellulosic fiber that is sterile, free of weeds, pests, and pathogens, as well as uniform and reproducible. The potential application of ADB to the horticulture industry, most specifically as an organic addendum to soilless media, is immense and will be discussed. Use of anaerobic digester-derived biosolids in horticultural growing media is a protected intellectual property and available for license through the WiSys Technology Foundation.

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Liu, Zong, Julie Howe, Xiao Wang, Xiao Liang, and Troy Runge. "Use of Dry Dairy Manure Pellets as Nutrient Source for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Growth in Soilless Media." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030811.

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A sustainable dairy manure amendment for soilless crop growth systems was evaluated for its ability to provide nutrients and serve as a major component of the growing media. After manure liquid/solid separation, the solids stream containing organic N and P was pelletized and used as a nutrient source for cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) culture in soilless media. The pellets are low in moisture, odor, and pathogens, and they can be hauled at lower cost over longer distances and more easily stored than raw or composted manure. Manure pellet additions to soilless media were evaluated at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume. Manure pellets had a total N content of 3.7%. Fruit size, ripeness, and biomass, plant height, nutrients value in tissue/pellets/media, and time to complete growth cycle were analyzed. Overall, manure pellet treatments improved plant height and growth rate compared to the negative control, especially when pellets were 15% to 50% of the soilless media. This indicates that the nutrients in the manure were being mineralized, and plants were able to utilize the manure-based nutrients for growth. Leaf tissue nutrient analysis revealed that N, K, Zn, and Fe in leaf tissue were not at sufficiency levels at any level of manure pellet addition. Phosphorus and Cu reached sufficiency levels with 10% or greater manure pellet additions. Calcium, Mg, S, Mn, and B were sufficient in all plants, regardless of fertilizer or manure pellet treatment. Manure pellets demonstrate the potential to be used as a substrate and partial growth medium to reduce synthetic fertilizer use for more sustainable soilless container culture.

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Gruda, Nazim. "Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems." Agronomy 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2019): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060298.

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Decreasing arable land, rising urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change exert pressure on agricultural producers. Moving from soil to soilless culture systems can improve water use efficiency, especially in closed-loop systems with a recirculating water/nutrient solution that recaptures the drain water for reuse. However, the question of alternative materials to peat and rockwool, as horticultural substrates, has become increasingly important, due to the despoiling of ecologically important peat bog areas and a pervasive waste problem. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive critical review of current developments in soilless culture, growing media, and future options of using different materials other than peat and rockwool. Apart from growing media properties and their performance from the point of view of plant production, economic and environmental factors are also important. Climate change, CO2 emissions, and other ecological issues will determine and drive the development of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media in the near future. Bioresources, e.g., treated and untreated waste, as well as renewable raw materials, have great potential to be used as growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates. A waste management strategy aimed at reducing, reusing, and recycling should be further and stronger applied in soilless culture systems. We concluded that the growing media of the future must be available, affordable, and sustainable and meet both quality and environmental requirements from growers and society, respectively.

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Suvo, TP, H. Biswas, MH Jewel, MS Islam, and MSI Khan. "Impact of substrate on soilless tomato cultivation." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31710.

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An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of four different media based hydroponics on plant growth, yield and nutritional values at Biochemistry laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh during November 2014 to April 2015. Tomato plants were grown in closed soilless system where Hoagland solution as nutrient solution and jute fiber, cotton (jhut), coconut husk as substrate. Among four types of media, the media composed with Hoagland solution and jute fiber showed good impact on growth and nutritional values than the other three media (media of Hoagland solution with coconut husk, Hoagland solution with cotton and only Hoagland solution. It was revealed that the highest plant height, yield, vitamin C, fruit protein, fat and fiber content of all were related to media combination of jute fiber and Hoagland solution. Among all the verities, the highest plant height (106 cm), yield (5.3 kg plant-1), fruit Vitamin C content (64.54 mg 100 g-1), fruit protein (17.67 %), fat (5.2%) and fiber (7.9%) content was recorded from Patharkuchi tomato variety.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 82-86, December, 2016

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Salisu, Monsuru Adekunle, Zulkefly Sulaiman, and Mohd Yusoff ABD Samad. "Growth and biomass yield of rubber seedlings grown on soilless and soil-based media." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (September 19, 2020): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i2.49296.

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The investigation assessed the performance of rubber seedlings on different soilless media and soilbased medium. The treatments consisted of three soilless media codded M1, M2, M3 and soil-based medium M4 as a control. The highest rates of seedling growth and biomass yield were recorded in the soilless medium with 10% burned rice husk (BRH), 30% peat moss and 15% vermiculite (coded as M1) with noticeable effect in root morphological traits, while the pH and EC were 6.5 and 2.3 μS/m, respectively. Nitrogen was apparent in the M1 2.59, M2 3.03, M3 2.78 while 1.82 in M4 was recorded in the soil-based medium. Similarly, the phosphorus was noticed in M1 0.23, M2 0.26, M3 0.33, and in M4 0.13. Plant roots of rubber seedlings grown in the M1 was significantly different from the seedlings grown in M2 and M3 and M4. The least amount (5%) urea-N used was used in the best medium (M1). This amount of nitrogen could be maintained to reduce fertilizer usage. These results showed that the soilless medium that contains 10% BRH with 5% urea- N could greatly increase the growth of rubber seedlings.

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Shi, Bing, and Wallace Pill. "KENAF AS A COMPONENT OF SOILLESS GROWTH MEDIA." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 256C—256. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.256c.

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), native to east Africa, is an annual herbaceous member of Malvaceae cultivated primarily for its bast fibers. One of many potential uses of kenaf is that of a growth medium component. Kenaf stems (xylem plus phloem) were ground and sieved to 2 to 5 mm diameter particles. The particles were combined at various volumetric percentages with other components (perlite, vermiculite, calcined clay) in 70% Sphagnum pest moss which received standard preplant fertilization. To avoid growth suppression, the kenaf must be enriched with nitrogen (soaked in NH4NO3 solution for 5 days). Impatiens and tomato bedding plant shoot growth was proportional to both the N concentration of the soak solution and the percentage of N-soaked kenaf in the medium. The N soak solution should be £ 2000 mg N/liter with 30% kenaf or £ 4000 mg N/liter with 10% kenaf. Physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, air porosity and container capacity) of kenaf media were similar to those of a commercial peat-lite. The optimal medium for bedding plant production was 70% pest + 15% calcined clay + 15% kenaf soaked in 2000 mg N/liter. The N-soaked kenaf served successfully both as a medium bulking component and as a slow-release N supply.

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Nemali*, Krishna, and Marc van Iersel. "Two New Moisture Sensors for Soilless Growing Media." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 763A—763. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.763a.

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Monitoring moisture status of the growing medium is essential as growth and quality of greenhouse crops largely depend on the amount of available water. Recently, two new types of moisture sensors have been developed (ECH2 O, Decagon devices, Inc., Pullman, Wash.; Theta probe ML2X, Delta -T devices Ltd., Burwell, Cambridge, U.K.). We studied the performance of these sensors for measuring the volumetric water content (VWC) of a soilless growing medium. We also tested the sensitivity of these sensors to temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) of the growing medium. Our results indicate that these sensors can be calibrated and used effectively for measuring a wide range of moisture contents in the growing medium; however media specific calibration may be required. Regression analysis indicated that the output of ECH2 O probes was affected by changes in the EC and temperature of the growing medium. Effects of EC were too small to be of practical significance, while the measured VWC increased by 0.003 m3/m3 for each °C increase in temperature. The output from the Theta Probe was not affected by changes in the EC or temperature of the growing medium. In a comparison study, both probes were found to give similar estimates of the VWC of the growing medium within the common range seen under greenhouse production.

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Raviv, M. "Should we use soilless media in organic greenhouses?" Acta Horticulturae, no. 1164 (June 2017): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1164.70.

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Sabahy, Amr, Adel Bhansawi, Samir Ali, and Zakaria El-Haddad. "PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SOILLESS MEDIA." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2015.98740.

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Handreck, Kevin A. "Assessment of iron availability in soilless potting media." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 20, no. 13-14 (August 1989): 1297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628909368152.

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Torres-Quezada, Emmanuel A., Bielinski M. Santos, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Danielle A. Treadwell. "Soilless Media and Containers for Bell Pepper Production." International Journal of Vegetable Science 21, no. 2 (March 18, 2014): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2013.859204.

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Lang, Harvey J., and George C. Elliott. "Enumeration and Inoculation of Nitrifying Bacteria in Soilless Potting Media." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 5 (September 1997): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.5.709.

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Autotrophic nitrifying organisms were enumerated in soilless potting media using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Populations of NH4+ and NO2- oxidizing organisms varied widely between two soilless media—Metro-Mix 220 and 350. Estimates for NH4+ oxidizing organisms ranged from 0.7 to 7.8 × 105 organisms/cm3, while NO2- oxidizers ranged from 1.3 to 9.5 × 105 organisms/cm3. Population numbers were similar to those typically reported in soils. There was a significant effect of medium type, NH4+ N : NO3- N fertilizer ratio, and planting on MPN counts of both groups of organisms, with significant interaction between several of the factors. Estimates of NH4+ oxidizers were not linearly correlated with NH4+ oxidizing activity, implying low counting efficiency, heterotrophic nitrification, or rate-limiting substrate NH4+ level. In a separate study, a soilless potting medium was inoculated with pure cultures of either Nitrosomonas europaea or Nitrobacter agilis. Rates of NH4+ and NO2- oxidation increased, respectively, as inoculum volume increased. Inoculation with nitrifying bacteria may help in the overall management of N in the rhizosphere and be feasible alternatives for the prevention of either NH4+ or NO2- phytotoxicity with fertilizers containing urea or NH4+.

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Lee, Joon Woo, and Jung Eek Son. "Nondestructive and Continuous Fresh Weight Measurements of Bell Peppers Grown in Soilless Culture Systems." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100652.

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Fresh weight is a direct index of crop growth. It is difficult to continuously measure the fresh weight of bell peppers grown in soilless cultures, however, due to the difficulty in identifying the moisture condition of crops and growing media. The objective of this study was to develop a continuous and nondestructive measuring system for the fresh weight of bell peppers grown in soilless cultures considering the moisture content of growing media. The system simultaneously measures the trellis string’s supported weight and gravitational weight using tensile load cells. The moisture weight of growing media was calibrated during the growth period using changes in moisture content before and after the first irrigation of the day. The most stable time period for the measurement, from 03:00 to 06:00, was determined by analyzing the diurnal change in relative water content. To verify the accuracy of the system, the fruits, stems, leaves, and roots’ fresh weights were measured manually. The fresh weights measured by the developed system were in good agreement with those manually measured. The results confirm that our system can reliably and accurately measure fresh weights of bell peppers grown in soilless cultures. This method can be applied to continuous growth data collection for other crops grown in soilless cultures.

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Butler, Susan H., and Bradford Bearce. "PRODUCTION OF 'SAMANTHA' GREENHOUSE ROSES IN ROOT MEDIA AMENDED WITH COAL BOTTOM ASH AND COMPOSTED HARDWOOD BARK." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 255E—255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.255e.

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Rosa × hybrida 'Samantha' plants were planted in pots of three soilless and two soil-containing media. Soilless media consisted of coal bottom ash and composted hardwood bark in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 ratios. Soil-containing media were equal parts soil, peat, and coal bottom ash; and a control of equal parts soil, peat, and sand. Half the pots of each media were treated with a cover crop of Hordeum vulgare L. 'Barsoy' to simulate weathering and incorporate additional organic matter prior to planting the roses. Physical and chemical properties of all five original media were examined, and production indices of two harvests were measured; including stem length, flower bud diameter, fresh weight, days to harvest and average number of blooms per plant. Results to date indicate satisfactory growth in all treatments. The three soilless treatments have produced more stems with larger flower bud diameters and shorter days-to-harvest than the soil-containing treatments. However, the fertilization, and electrical conductivity of all treatments remains below normal. Moisture retention data also show the soil-containing treatments to have higher container capacity and easily available water. Cover-cropped plants also had shorter days-to-harvest, but in one of two harvests produced flower buds of smaller diameter.

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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White, Eric C. Petrie, James W. Shrefler, and Merritt J. Taylor. "Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Seedling Growth Media Component." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 1 (December 7, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n1p1.

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Bagasse is the fibrous material remaining after removing the sucrose, water, and other impurities (filter mud) from the milable sugarcane. Louisiana sugarcane mills use a portion of the sugarcane bagasse for fuel producing over 20,411 mt of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) as a by-product. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of SBA as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of vegetable seedlings. The SBA was combined by volume with a commercial soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, SBA and growing media, respectively). Squash var. ‘Straightneck’ and cantaloupe var. ‘Magnum Hybrid Melon’ were planted in each of the 5 different planting mixtures. The research indicates that the addition of SBA can enhance squash and cantaloupe seedling growth depending on the percentage of the ash added to the growth media. Squash plant stalk lengths and total plant fresh weights (stalk, leaves, tops, roots, and total plant) overall responded best at the 75% SBA. Squash dry weights were consistently greater when SBA was added to the soilless media compared to no SBA. The 25% and 50% SBA media produced the greatest cantaloupe leaf fresh weights. Cantaloupe leaf dry weights followed a similar trend, where the 25% and 50% SBA media produced greater plant weights with lesser yields observed at the 75% and 100% SBA levels. This data suggests that the 75% SBA and 25% SBA were certainly suitable potting media combinations for squash and cantaloupe seedling production, respectively.

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Al-Mana, Fahed A., and Tarik M. El-Kiey. "PRODUCTION OF SOME FLOWERS IN HYDROPONICS AND SOILLESS MEDIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1171c—1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1171c.

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Production of five commercial cut flowers in different culture media, namelyI nutrient film technique (NFT), soilless media (perlite and an equal mix of perlite and peatmoss), and soil mix (2 sand: 1 loam by volume), was investigated in controlled fiberglass-house. Two rose varieties (Rosa hybrida var. Baccara and Madina); carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus var. William Sim); Chrysanthemum morifolium var. Delta, and Dahlia hybrida var. variabilis were used. Plants were watered as they needed by the same nutrient solution used for NFT.Generally, growth and yield of Baccara and Madina roses, Chrysanthemum and Dhalia plants were superior in NFT than in the other media. On the contrary, the growth and yield of carnation plants were significantly greater in conventional soil or perlite and peatmoss mix than in NFT or perlite.Flower crops grown in NFT generally reached harvest stage 5-10 days earlier than those grown in the other media except carnation plants. There were variations in the accumulation of N, P, K mg, ca, and Fe in plant leaves among the various culture media.

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Roberts, Bruce R., Henry F. Decker, Kenneth J. Bagstad, and Kathleen A. Peterson. "Biosolid Residues as Soilless Media for Growing Wildflower Sod." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (January 2001): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.194.

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Two biosolid-containing waste media [sewage sludge compost and incinerated biosolids (flume sand)] were tested individually, together, and in combination with a commercial growing medium for growing wildflower sod in greenhouse trials over a 3-year period. A medium composed of flume sand and Metromix (7:3 weight/weight) in 7.5 {XtimesX} 10.5 {XtimesX} 2-inch deep (19 {XtimesX} 27 {XtimesX} 5-cm) plastic trays seeded at 20 oz/1000ft2 (6.1 g·m-2) with cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), cornflower (Centaurea cyannis), plains coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria), white yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) produced a suitable wildflower sod in 10 to 12 weeks. A single application of slow release fertilizer (Osmocote 14-14-14, 14N-4.2P-11.6K) applied as a top dressing had no significant effect on sod development; however, a 4-mil [0.004-inch (0.10-mm)] polyethylene barrier placed in the base of each container resulted in increased dry weight accumulation and a higher root to shoot ratio relative to sod grown without plastic.

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Abou-Hadid, A. F., A. S. El-Beltagy, S. A. Gaafer, and S. M. Youssef. "SELECTED SOILLESS MEDIA FOR GREENHOUSE CROP SEEDLINGS : 1-TOMATO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 323 (February 1993): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.323.28.

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Handreck, Kevin A. "Zinc toxicity from tire rubber in soilless potting media." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 27, no. 13-14 (July 1996): 2615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629609369726.

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Farhan, Amjad Farhan Ashraf, Abd Jamil Zakaria, Prof Nashriyah Mat, and Khamsah Suryati Mohd. "Soilless Media Culture-A Propitious Auxiliary for Crop Production." Asian Journal of Crop Science 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2018.1.9.

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Adediran, J. A. "Growth of Tomato and Lettuce Seedlings in Soilless Media." Journal of Vegetable Science 11, no. 1 (September 13, 2005): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j484v11n01_02.

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Privé, Jean-Pierre, and Charlie Embree. "Freezing media affect cooling rate and regrowth of KSC 28 apple rootstock." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-171.

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To examine the effect that media have on cooling rates and subsequent plant regrowth, bare-rooted Kentville Select Clone 28 (KSC28) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) roots were placed in various media (water, sawdust, soilless mixture and plastic bag) and set in a controlled environment chamber preset to −12 °C. Cooling rates differed between media with water and the plastic bag requiring the most and the least time to reach −12 °C, respectively. Shoot and root regrowth were similar for all treatments except water, which was significantly reduced. The plastic bag treatment provided the most uniform temperature gradients throughout the root system and the fastest cooling rate, was the easiest to handle, and allowed good regrowth. Key words: KSC28 apple rootstock, sawdust, soilless mix, cold hardiness testing

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Salisu, Monsuru Adekunle, Zulkefly Sulaiman, Ridzwan Che Rus, Mohd Yusoff A. Samad, Norhanizan Usaizan, Yusuff Oladosu, and Paiman. "Water use efficiency, plant growth and vegetative traits of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings grown using different growing media and water levels." SEPTEMBER 2020, no. 14(9):2020 (September 20, 2020): 1497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2643.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soilless media and water levels on growth and physiological response of rubber plant. The four water levels were I50: 50%, I75: 75%, I100: 100% and I150: 150%) with three replications per water treatment and four soilless media. Water levels were determined as irrigation needed for the root zone in growing media to rise to field capacity I100:100%, at field capacity (FC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement 3 x 4 with three replications. Soilless medium contains proportion of vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, empty fruit bunch (EFB) compose, Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (CIRP), peat moss, urea-N and burnt rice husk coded as M1. Vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, EFB, CIRP, peat moss, urea-N, sugarcane bagasse coded as M2. M3 is a commercial soilless medium and 100% soil was designated as control. The M1 significantly influenced almost all plant growth traits, noticeable in biomass production. Growth of plants in M1 corresponded to higher water use efficiency WUEinstantaneous and WUEintrinsic, the M1 increased plant growth like LAR, biomass production and root morphological traits. Shoot dry weight of the plant was greater (14.66 g/plant) when 150% was applied and significantly different from M2 (10.36 g/plant), M3 (4.73 g/plant) and M4 6.22 g/plant. Lower water level 50%, applied in plant grown in M1 (31.94 g/plant) recorded highest total shoot fresh weight (SFW). The results showed suitability of the soilless medium M1 and the 50% water level for rubber nursery planting. Consequently, it is recommended for planting where management and control of irrigation water are considered necessary in rubber plantation.

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Far, Ahmad M. Al, Maher J. Tadros, and Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh. "Evaluation of different soilless media on growth, quality, and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse conditions." August 2019, no. 13(08):2019 (August 20, 2019): 1388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p2122.

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This experiment was conducted during spring growing season of 2018 at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) campus in northern Jordan 32.4950° N, 35.9912° E. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different soilless media such as T: Tuff 100%; TP: Tuff + Perlite 50% each; TPS: Tuff + Perlite + Sawdust 33% each; and TS: Tuff + Sawdust 50% each on some of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the quality and quantity of seedless and baby cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was split plot with factorial arrangements and four replications. The measurements related to plant morphology: height, shoot and root length, shoot root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers, fruit quality: total yield, weight, diameter, hardness, length and numbers per plant. Fruit total soluble solids, the potential of hydrogen pH and electrical conductivity EC of fruit juice, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and fruit water content, fruit and shoot biochemical content minerals, organic matters, fats, fibers, and proteins were also measured. The results indicated significant differences in both cucumber cultivars with respect to all parameters studied. Finally, this study concluded that using TS media for seedless cultivar is the best successful growing soilless media as well as the cheapest compared to other solid media used. On the other hand, using TP media for baby cultivar was the superior growing soilless media that was not expensive compared to other universal media. In addition, the TPS media showed minimum growth and low yield in both cucumber cultivars.

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Cytryn, Eddie, Irit Levkovitch, Yael Negreanu, Scot Dowd, Sammy Frenk, and Avner Silber. "Impact of Short-Term Acidification on Nitrification and Nitrifying Bacterial Community Dynamics in Soilless Cultivation Media." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 18 (July 6, 2012): 6576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01545-12.

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ABSTRACTSoilless medium-based horticulture systems are highly prevalent due to their capacity to optimize growth of high-cash crops. However, these systems are highly dynamic and more sensitive to physiochemical and pH perturbations than traditional soil-based systems, especially during nitrification associated with ammonia-based fertilization. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nitrification-generated acidification on ammonia oxidation rates and nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in soilless growth media. To achieve this goal, perlite soilless growth medium from a commercial bell pepper greenhouse was incubated with ammonium in bench-scale microcosm experiments. Initial quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that betaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers were significantly more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and therefore, research focused on this group. Ammonia oxidation rates were highest between 0 and 9 days, when pH values dropped from 7.4 to 4.9. Pyrosequencing of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizingamoAgene fragments indicated that r-strategist-likeNitrosomonaswas the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacterial genus during this period, seemingly due to the high ammonium concentration and optimal growth conditions in the soilless media. Reduction of pH to levels below 4.8 resulted in a significant decrease in both ammonia oxidation rates and the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, with increased relative abundance of the r-strategist-likeNitrosospira. Nitrite oxidizers (NitrospiraandNitrobacter) were on the whole more abundant and less sensitive to acidification than ammonia oxidizers. This study demonstrates that nitrification and nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in high-N-load intensive soilless growth media may be significantly different from those inin-terraagricultural systems.

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Lang, Harvey J., and George C. Elliott. "Influence of Ammonium: Nitrate Ratio and Nitrogen Concentration on Nitrification Activity in Soilless Potting Media." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 4 (July 1991): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.4.642.

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Effects of medium, NH4: N03, ratio, and N fertilizer rate on the development of NH4 oxidation in soilless potting media were evaluated. In two separate experiments, NH4 oxidizing activity increased to a maximum (4 to 6 weeks of cropping) and then dropped off sharply. Ammonium oxidation activity varied significantly among types of soilless potting media. Media fertilized with 1 NH4-N: 3 N03-N had higher rates of NH4 oxidation than media fertilized with ratios of either 1:1 or 3:1. Nitrogen fertilization at 15 mm gave consistently higher oxidation rates than fertilization at 30 mm. In general, media samples that had been cropped with plants had higher nitrifying activity than unplanted samples. Ammonium oxidation rate over all observations was significantly correlated with medium pH (r = 0.50). pH values above 6.8 were necessary but not completely sufficient for relatively high rates of NH4 oxidation. Rates of oxidation were insignificant with pH values <5.6.

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ADAK, Nafiye, and Hamide GUBBUK. "Effect of Planting Systems and Growing Media on Earliness, Yield and Quality of Strawberry Cultivation under Soilless Culture." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (May 16, 2015): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319815.

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Soilless growing is becoming an attractive option because of the contamination of agricultural land due to the use of excessive fertilisers and insecticides to get higher productivity per unit area and the yield advantage with soilless culture getting more yield per unit area than the conventional growing. Effects of two planting systems and various growing media on earliness, yield and quality (colour L, C, ho, the rupture of calyx, firmness, total soluble solid, acidity and vitamin C) in strawberry (Fragaria Ã— ananassa Duch.) cultivation under soilless culture was studied. Two different planting seasons i.e., summer and fall were chosen and growing media was composed of peat (Pt), perlite (Pr), cocopeat (Co), volcanic tuff (Vlc) and their combinations. Results showed that fall planting system was favourable in terms of earliness but summer planting gave better results in terms of total yield. Moreover, the first harvest of summer planting was February, whereas the first harvest of the fall planting was in December. Early yield in the fall planting comprised 36.0% of the total yield. The Co and the Co+Vlc media were more favourable than other media with regard to yield, earliness and fruit quality. In addition vegetation period was found from January to May and it was observed that as the total soluble solids values increased in fruits, acidity and vitamin C values decreased.

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Amery, Fien, Jane Debode, Sarah Ommeslag, Rian Visser, Caroline De Tender, and Bart Vandecasteele. "Biochar for Circular Horticulture: Feedstock Related Effects in Soilless Cultivation." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040629.

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Biochar has previously been used in growing media blends as fertilizer or for improving plant growth, disease suppression, and as a sustainable replacement of peat. To achieve optimal circular horticulture, we propose here to reuse the biochar from spent growing media. However, it is unclear to what extent the biochar feedstock determines the mode of action of the biochar and if use of spent growing media biochar may encounter nutrient or salt problems. Differences in chemical characteristics, nutrient release, and interaction in a leaching experiment and effects on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease suppression in a strawberry greenhouse trial were studied for 11 biochars either processed from spent growing media or from lignocellulosic biomass. A well-studied biochar produced from oak wood was set as reference. Biochars produced from spent growing media were characterized by higher electrical conductivity, extractable and total nutrient concentrations compared with biochars produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Especially in the first phase of the leaching experiment, all biochars showed nutrient and salt release, with most prominent effects for spent growing media biochars and the reference biochar. The latter biochars were an important source of phosphorus and in particular of potassium. Only for the reference biochar, strawberry plants showed increased uptake of phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and increased chlorophyll concentration. No Bortrytis cinerea disease suppression and no increase in plant growth was observed for the tested biochars. It is concluded that spent growing media can be recycled as biochar in growing media without adverse effects compared to biochars produced from lignocellulosic biomass.

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Sharma-Poudyal, D., C. Fraley, and N. K. Osterbauer. "Surveying for Virus-vectoring Nematodes in Container-grown Blueberry Plants in Oregon." Plant Health Progress 17, no. 3 (January 2016): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-br-16-0029.

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The goal of this study was to determine the risk of finding virus-vectoring nematodes in containerized blueberry plants placed on gravel. To detect dagger nematode, soil, and potting media samples were collected from blueberry nurseries growing plants in containers using soilless potting media, with the containers placed on a gravel bed or, for one nursery, on a plastic sheet placed on the soil surface. Potting media samples were collected from containers holding plants and soil samples were collected from beneath the gravel or plastic barrier. Nematodes were extracted from all of the samples using sucrose centrifugation. No dagger or other plant parasitic nematodes were detected in any of the samples tested. These results suggest no treatment of soilless potting media is necessary before planting blueberries into containers. Similarly, the gravel layer seems to be an effective barrier for suppressing dagger and other plant parasitic nematodes. Accepted for publication 25 July 2016. Published 8 August 2016.

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Yan, Zhinong, M. S. Reddy, and Joseph W. Kloepper. "Survival and colonization of rhizobacteria in a tomato transplant system." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-051.

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Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used on crops most often as seed treatments; however, an alternative application method for transplanted vegetables is mixing PGPR into the soilless medium in which the transplants are grown. Studies were undertaken to compare root colonization and persistence of rifampicin-resistant mutants of PGPR strains Bacillus pumilus SE34 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B61, SE34r and 89B61r, on tomato as a function of application method. When the bacteria were incorporated into Promix(tm) soilless medium at log 6, 7, and 8 colony- forming units/g, populations of strain SE34r per gram of medium maintained the initial inoculum densities, while populations of 89B61r decreased approximately one to two orders of magnitude by 4 weeks after planting. The populations of each PGPR strain colonizing roots after application into the soilless medium showed a similar pattern at 6 weeks as that at 4 weeks after planting, with higher populations on the whole roots and lateral roots than on the taproots. Strain SE34r but not 89B61r moved upwards and colonized the phyllosphere when incorporated into the soilless medium. Following application as seed treatment, populations of SE34r were significantly higher on upper roots and on the taproot than were populations following application through the soilless medium. Conversely, populations were higher on lower roots and lateral roots following application through the soilless medium than were populations following application as seed treatment. While strain SE34 enhanced plant growth with application both to the medium and as seed treatment, the level of growth promotion was significantly greater with application in the soilless medium. The results indicate that PGPR can be successfully incorporated into soilless media in vegetable transplant production systems.Key words: rhizobacteria, plant colonization, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas fluorescens.

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Dueitt, Shelly D., and Steven E. Newman. "RICE HULLS AS A SOILLESS MEDIA COMPONENT FOR GREENHOUSE-GROWN PLANTS." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 736c—736. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.736c.

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Rice hulls, a by-product of rice milling, were used at various rates in greenhouse media. The objective of this study was to determine if rice hulls can replace peat moss. Hulls, aged and fresh, were blended with vermiculite and peat moss from 0 to 50%, by volume replacing peat moss. Physical and chemical properties including bulk density, total pore space, water retention, pH and soluble salt concentrations were determined in the media blends. Marigolds and salvia were transplanted into 13 cm azalea pots containing each media. The bulk density increased with increasing levels of hulls. Total pore space of the media before planting was decreased with increasing levels of aged hulls, but no differences were detected at the termination of the study. Water retention of both fresh and aged hulls at all levels of media were equivalent to the control media. Before planting, the total soluble salts for media containing fresh hulls was greater than with aged hulls. The pH of the media increased with increasing levels of hulls, fresh and aged. The greatest dry weight and plant height was observed when the media contained 10 to 20% aged hulls.

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Elliott, George C., and Harvey J. Lang. "Effects of Fungicides on Nitrogen Transformations in Soilless Potting Media." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 6 (November 1991): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.6.961.

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Fungicides were applied at label rates to two commercial soilless potting media in which Iris siberica L. crowns had been potted and were subsequently grown under greenhouse conditions. Effects of fungicides on urea hydrolysis were inconsistent and generally insignificant. Ammonium oxidation was inhibited to varying degrees by Truban, Benlate, Banol, and Subdue. In a subsequent experiment, the same fungicides were added to cropped samples of the same media in vitro, followed 12 hours later by a solution containing urea and ammonium. Urea hydrolysis was essentially unaffected by fungicide treatments. Subsequent oxidation of ammonium was inhibited by Truban and Banol only in one medium. Transient accumulation of nitrite was inhibited by Truban but stimulated by Benlate in both media. When added to pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europea and Nitrobacter agilis, Truban completely inhibited oxidation of ammonium and nitrite. Benlate partially inhibited oxidation of ammonium and nitrite, while Subdue and Banal partially inhibited oxidation of ammonium but not nitrite. Chemical names used: [Methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate] (benomyl); N- (2,6-dimethylphenyl) -N- (methoxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (nitrapyrin); 5-Ethoxy-3-(trichloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (ethazol); Propyl[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate monohydrochloride (propamocarb).

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Roberts, Bruce R., Henry F. Decker, Lindsey M. Ganahl, and Elizabeth Yarmark. "Biosolid Residues as Soilless Media for Growing Creeping Bentgrass Sod." HortTechnology 11, no. 3 (January 2001): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.3.451.

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Two biosolid-containing waste media [composted sewage sludge (Com-Til) and incinerated biosolids (flume sand)] were evaluated as soilless media for growing `Crenshaw', `Penncross', and `ProCup' creeping bentgrass sod (Agrostis palustris). The media were combined with sand and either sphagnum peat or a commercial growing mix (Metromix) and leached with 5.1 fl oz (150 mL) tap water either zero, one or three times before seeding. Leaching with tap water to remove soluble salts had no beneficial effect on germination or dry mass accumulation. Flume sand was not a particularly good rootzone component for growing creeping bentgrass sod; however, a sieved [0.08-inch (2-mm)] medium consisting of sand, Com-Til and Metromix (8:1:1, by weight) seeded with `ProCup' creeping bentgrass at 2 lb/1000 ft2 (9.8 g·m-2) and grown over 4-mil (0.004-inch, 0.10-mm) plastic in 3.5 × 7.5 × 2-inch deep (9 × 19 × 5-cm) trays produced good sod in about 6 weeks.

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Handreck, Kevin A. "Extractants for assessing plant‐available phosphorus in soilless potting media." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 26, no. 3-4 (February 1995): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369301.

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Spiers, T. M., and G. Fietje. "Green Waste Compost as a Component in Soilless Growing Media." Compost Science & Utilization 8, no. 1 (January 2000): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2000.10701745.

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Pooyeh, F., Gh Peyvast, and J. A. Olfati. "Growing Media Including Palm Waste in Soilless Culture of Cucumber." International Journal of Vegetable Science 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2011.568599.

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Lamont, John R., and George C. Elliott. "Anaerobically digested dairy fiber in soilless potting media for poinsettias." International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 5, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-016-0130-x.

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Oh, Young-Mi, Paul V. Nelson, and Dean L. Hesterberg. "256 Evaluation of Phosphate Desorption Characteristics of Clay Minerals for Soilless Root Media." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 486C—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.486c.

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Soilless root media retain very little phosphate. This characteristic necessitates continual application of phosphate, which leads to excessive application and leaching. The phosphate desorption characteristics of synthetic hematite (a-Fe2O3), goethite (a-FeOOH), allophane (Si3Al4O12*nH2O), and a commercial alumina (Al2O3), previously determined for their maximum adsorption capacities, were evaluated to determine their potential for providing a low, constant soil solution phosphate supply with low phosphate leaching from soilless root media. The desorption isotherms of the clay minerals were obtained by introducing 10 mM KCl solution at 0.2 ml/min flow rate into a stirred flow reaction chamber loaded with clay adsorbed with phosphate at maximum adsorption capacity. The suspension in the reaction chamber was held at pH 6.4 during desorption. Effluent solutions were collected for phosphorus analysis until the equilibrium concentration of phosphorus in solution reached 0.05 mg•L-1. Adsorbed phosphorus at 0.05 mg•L-1 equilibrium concentration in solution was in the order allophane (19 mg•g-1) > alumina™ goethite (8 mg•g-1) > hematite (1.3 mg•g-1). The equilibrium concentration of phosphorus in solution over time showed that allophane releases phosphate for a longer time than the other clay minerals at a desirable soil solution concentration for plants, less than 5 mg•L-1. Among the clay minerals tested, allophane showed the most favorable potential to supply phosphate to plants in soilless root media.

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Lynch, Jonathan, and Kathleen Brown. "679 Intelligent Media: Use of Buffered Phosphate for Production of Ornamentals in Soilless Media." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 565D—565. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.565d.

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We have developed solid-phase P buffers capable of maintaining P concentrations in soiless media much lower than conventional fertilizers, in the range of available P levels found in natural soil. In addition to substantially reducing PGH reaching into the environment, these buffers can have a number of useful effects on crop growth. Using various floriculture and ornamental species, plants grown in media buffered at low P levels have stimulated root branching and growth, increased drought resistance, better transplant establishment, better shoot form, better vegetative growth, increased flowering, and continued development of buds in the postharvest environment. Phosphorus availability regulates many aspects of root architecture including adventitious rooting, lateral branch density, root gravitropism, and root hair formation. It appears that many of the effects of P on root growth may be mediated by ethylene. We hypothesize that the high P concentrations used in many horticultural systems are detrimental to optimal plant growth, and that buffered media represent an opportunity to improve production systems while also reducing environmental pollution from nutrient effluents.

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Atzori, Giulia, Catello Pane, Massimo Zaccardelli, Sonia Cacini, and Daniele Massa. "The Role of Peat-Free Organic Substrates in the Sustainable Management of Soilless Cultivations." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061236.

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Vegetable and ornamental crops require high input demand to adequately support their standard commercial quality and yield. For these crops, a very high level of agronomic use efficiency of many productive factors can be achieved in soilless culture. For example, the benefits derived from the adoption of soilless closed loops for the recirculation of the nutrient solution are well known as a benchmark of excellence for nutrient and water use efficiency. The challenges that we now face are as follows: (i) making soilless systems more inclusive of sustainable and eco-friendly growing substrates, possibly available at a local level; (ii) replacing chemicals with more sustainable products (e.g., organic active compounds) as much as possible for plant nutrition and protection. These goals can be addressed by following different approaches, but the adoption of peat-free organic substrates may play a central role. This work investigates four organic materials, i.e., biochar, coir, green compost, and wood fibers, to assess their role in plant nutrition and protection when used as components for the preparation of growing media in the soilless cultivation of containerized crops. In further detail, the work highlights how these materials may support normal agronomic practices.

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Andrews, Pauline H., and P. Allen Hammer. "(128) Determination of Limestone Requirement of Soilless Root Media for a Specific pH." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1086A—1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1086a.

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Limestone requirement tests are routine in agronomic laboratories; however, no tests exist for soilless root medium although there is still a need to predict the limestone additions. This research was to develop a rapid, accurate test to determine the limestone requirement of soilless root media for a specific pH. Thirty-four media formulations were amended with increasing rates of limestone. Media were incubated in the greenhouse. Pots were irrigated to container capacity every 2 days with RO-water; pH was recorded after 5 weeks; and limestone requirement for pH 5.5 was determined for each media. A modified SMP buffer procedure for mineral soils was used. A 40-mL aliquot of the SMP buffer was added to 6 g of media, equilibrated for 48 hours and pH determined. Media-buffer pH was plotted against the incubation limestone requirement for pH 5.5. A separate regression was required for media containing coir since the modified SMP buffer test overestimated the limestone requirement of coir media. The correlation for non-coir media was –0.97 (Y = -1.19x + 7.52) and -0.94 (Y = –1.12x + 6.14) for coir media. The procedure was verified using 15 media. Media-buffer pH was determined and the limestone requirement was calculated using the corresponding regression equation. Two sets of media treatments were potted and incubated in the greenhouse. Rooted cuttings of geranium `Candy Lavender' were transplanted into one set of pots. Pots were irrigated every 2 days with RO-water and geraniums were irrigated with nonacidified fertilizer water. Media pH was determined at week 5. Media was nonsignificant for pots or geraniums (P ≤ 0.01). The mean pH of non-coir media was pH 5.66 and 5.67 for pots and geraniums and pH 5.39 and 5.39, respectively, for coir media.

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Kuo, S., R. L. Hummel, E. J. Jellum, and D. Winters. "Solubility and Leachability of Fishwaste Compost Phosphorus in Soilless Growing Media." Journal of Environmental Quality 28, no. 1 (January 1999): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800010019x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soilless media'

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