Academic literature on the topic 'Soils and civilization'

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Journal articles on the topic "Soils and civilization"

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McCracken, Ralph J. "Soils, Soil Scientists, and Civilization." Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, no. 6 (November 1987): 1395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060001x.

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Sager, Manfred. "Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review." Environments 7, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7110098.

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Urban soils have been changed much by human impacts in terms of structure, composition and use. This review paper gives a general introduction into changes from compaction, mixing, water retention, nutrient inputs, sealing, gardening, and pollution. Because pollutions in particular have caused concerns in the past, metal pollutions and platinum group metal inputs have been treated in more detail. Though it is not possible to cover the entire literature done on this field, it has been tried to give examples from all continents, regarding geochemical background levels. Urban metal soil pollution depends on the age of the settlement, current emissions from traffic and industry, and washout. It seems that in regions of high precipitation, pollutants are swept away to the watershed, leaving the soils less polluted than in Europe. Health hazards, however, are caused by ingestion and inhalation, which are higher in 3rd world countries, and not by concentrations met in urban soils as such; these are not treated within this paper in detail. With respect to pollutants, this paper is focused on metals. Contrary to many reviews of the past, which mix all data into one column, like sampling depth, sieved grain sizes, digestion and determination methods, these have been considered, because this might lead to considerable interpretation changes. Because many datasets are not Gaussian distributed, medians and concentration ranges are given, wherever possible. Urban dust contains about two to three fold the hazardous metal concentrations met in urban soils. Some data about metal mobilities obtained from selective and sequential leaching procedures, are also added. Soil compaction, pollution, sealings and run-offs cause stress situations for green plants growing at roadside locations, which is discussed in the Section 5. Environmental protection measures have led to decrease metal pollutions within the last decade in many places.
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Pozniak, Stepan, and Natalia Havrysh. "Social soil science as a new approach in soil science." Polish Journal of Soil Science 53, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.73.

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<p>The article contains the authors’ reflections on the formation and substantiation of many aspects in soil science, concerning its connections with social sciences. Arguments about the exceptional importance of soil resources in the modern world and the importance of scientific research in soil science, which can become an important instrument of solving social problems, are found. It is shown that soil resources, being the basis of agricultural development, are the long-term capital through which different nations exist and develop. In order to maintain the normal living conditions of the population and to improve them, it is important to use this global resource wisely. The attitude of people to the soil is recognized as fundamental for nation’s sustainable development and, moreover, the life expectancy of a civilization may depend on the people attitude to soils. In order to maintain collective well-being of people, a long-term interest of the society in soil protection needs to be reoriented – this should become a priority task for our civilization. The current state of soils can be a characteristic of the development of society as well as a criterion for assessing the activity of government and social stability in the country.</p>
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Patel, Anjan, and Elina Choudhury. "Role of Soils and Its Trace Element Concentration on Human Dental Health: An Overview." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210021.

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Recognition of the relationship between soils and human health dates back to ancient times and soil degradation has certainly been an important issue for human civilization. The intake of food quality and its nutrition value depends to a large extent on the health of soils, in which it is grown. Moreover, the quality of drinking water depends upon the mineral-bearing rocks forming the aquifers, the soils through which it passes and the related geo-hydrological parameters. The present study specifically addresses the dental health problems caused due to the in-situ ground condition of the locality and the soil contamination. This kind of study has become more vital considering the fact that the burden of oral diseases is increasing in many developing countries, especially among the rural masses. However, the possible connections between soils or ground conditions and dental problems are yet to be established properly. Mechanism of the incorporation of trace elements into soils and further into human teeth need more understanding. The present appraisal of the works related to soils and human health can be considered as thought-provoking for future research in this field, especially in view of the effects of rapid climate change and industrialisation on soils and human health in recent times.
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Daniszewski, Piotr, and Beata Draszawka-Bołzan. "Effect of Precipitation on the Acidification of Soils of West Pomeranian Voivodeship." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 6 (September 2013): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.6.85.

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The progress of civilization as well as the growing up process of transformative environment adversely affect individual environmental elements in the soil. In recent years the increasing pollution of the atmosphere causes more and more interest in the science of the substances contained in it and merge back to the surface of the Earth. Of great importance for the environment have the substances contained in the water drainage, as in the form of dissolved very easily reach the individual environmental elements causing their contamination. Strong acidification most soils in Poland is the main cause of weak download main nutrients in soils, and low yields. Part of important plant micronutrients: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt/an acidic soils are more available In soils acidic phosphorus being introduced in mineral fertilisers is associated with aluminum and iron, in forms not available for plants. The low pH of the soil inhibits the oxidation of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-), and at the same time, poorly developed root system is not able to efficiently download ion nitrate from the soil. The result is outside the range of the washing of nitrate nitrogen contamination of groundwater and is followed by the root system. The purpose of the work was to determine the pH of precipitation and atmospheric.
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Lu, Shyi-Min. "Soil and Forest: The Key Factors for Human Survival." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p105.

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From the past to the future, the development of human civilization has been closely related to the Earth's soil. However, we are now on the planet with the productive forces of soil resources that are gradually exhausting. In many agricultural areas, crop yields have been devastated by heavy soil erosion. Nitrogen fertilizers and fossil fuels in geological reservoirs tend to be scarce, resulting in both the increase of agricultural production costs and the increase of geopolitical conflict. Global warming, on the other hand, accelerates microbial greenhouse gases (GHG) released in soils and has a key role in recent climate change. In this paper, we show the challenges faced by human beings in the 21st century because of the direct and indirect responses of the soil expansion made by human past and future activities. We also stress that soil and forest are the future survival and development key factors for human beings. This global trend of development should be the recommendations for Taiwanese future development policy of land and forest.
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Chowdhury, Tanzin, Md Arifur Rahman, Kamrun Nahar, Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury, and Md Sirajul Islam Khan. "Growth and yield performance of Aloe vera grown in different soil types of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39416.

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Plant requires suitable soil for higher yield, quality growth and desired crop productivity that differ with soil characteristics, availability of the nutrient elements and overall soil fertility. Aloe vera, a documented medicative plant, is used for numerous medical and cosmetic applications since very beginning of the civilization. An experiment was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to find out the most appropriate soil for A. vera cultivation. Seven types of soils viz., acid, calcareous, non-calcareous, charland, saline, peat and acid sulphate were collected from different locations of Bangladesh. Eighteenth month old Aloe vera seedlings were collected from Shomvogonj, Mymensingh and planted during last week of May, 2017 following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Most of the soils were light grey in colour, acidic to neutral in nature and clay to clay loam in texture except non-calcareous and charland soils. Bulk density, particle density and field capacity ranged from 1.23−1.45 g cm−3, 2.20−2.58 g cm−3 and 27.07−30.20%, respectively. The ranges of pH, EC and organic matter contents were 3.8 to 7.8, 0.25 to 14.04 dS m−1 and 0.88 to 16.40%, respectively. The organic matter content was found as low to moderate except peat soil. Total N, exchangeable K, available P and S contents ranged from 0.05−0.95%, 0.17−0.73 cmol kg−1, 3.09−12.10 and 11.06−735.12 µg g−1 soil, respectively. Growth and leaf biomass yield of A. vera was significantly influenced by different soil types. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf area and leaf fresh weight were recorded from the plant grown in non-calcareous soil whereas maximum fresh gel weight, dry leaf weight and yield increase over acid sulphate soil were found from the plant grown in calcareous soil. The highest fresh leaf gel weight (907 g plant−1) was obtained from the plant grown in calcareous soil which was identical with the gel weight (880 g plant−1) of the plant grown in acid soil. The yield increase of acid, non-calcareous, charland, saline1 (6.32 dS m−1) and saline2 (8.14 dS m−1) soils over acid sulphate soil were 718, 712, 394, 144 and 86%, respectively. The overall performance of the soils in relation to leaf biomass yield was of the following order: calcareous ≥ acid ≥ non-calcareous > charland > saline1 (6.32 dS m−1) > saline2 (8.14 dS m−1) > peat > acid sulphate soil. The results suggest that farmers could be advised to grow A. vera either in calcareous or acid soils of Bangladesh. Since calcareous and non-calcareous soils are mostly used for growing cereals, pulses, cash crop like sugarcane, fruits etc., acid soil could be used for cultivating this important medicinal crop considering the socio-economic conditions of the country. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 448–456, December 2018
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Gunn, Joel D., John E. Foss, William J. Folan, Maria del Rosario Domínguez Carrasco, and Betty B. Faust. "BAJO SEDIMENTS AND THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF CALAKMUL, CAMPECHE, MEXICO." Ancient Mesoamerica 13, no. 2 (July 2002): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536102132184.

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Maya Lowlands climate researchers have set aside earlier beliefs that Maya civilization flourished in an unchanging environment. Analyses of river discharge, weather patterns, lake-bottom sediments, and settlement patterns reveal a highly variable climate, considerable diversity in local geology and soils, and a wide range of cultural adaptations tailored to distinctive subregional settings. Significant knowledge gaps remain. Among the unanswered questions is how cities in the elevated interior were maintained without natural, permanent bodies of water even during equitable climatic conditions, much less through the episodes of severe drought that have become apparent in studies of past climates. The research reported in this article lays the groundwork for climate studies in the southwestern Yucatan Peninsula.
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Chicas, S., and K. Omine. "Forest Cover Change and Soil Erosion in Toledo's Rio Grande Watershed." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-353-2015.

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Toledo, the southernmost district, is the hub of Belize’s Mayan population, descendants of the ancient Mayan civilization. The Toledo District is primarily inhibited by Kekchi and Mopan Mayans whose subsistence needs are met by the Milpa slash-and-burn agricultural system and the extraction of forest resources. The poverty assessment in the country indicates that Toledo is the district with the highest percentage of household an individual indigence of 37.5 % and 49.7 % respectively. Forest cover change in the area can be attributed to rapid population growth among the Maya, together with increase in immigration from neighboring countries, logging, oil exploration and improvement and construction of roads. The forest cover change analysis show that from 2001 to 2011 there was a decrease of Lowland broad-leaved wet forest of 7.53 km sq, Shrubland of 4.66 km sq, and Wetland of 0.08 km sq. Forest cover change has resulted in soil erosion which is causing the deterioration of soils. The land cover types that are contributing the most to total erosion in the Rio Grande watershed are no-forest, lowland broad-leaved wet forest and submontane broad-leaved wet forest. In this study the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was employed in a GIS platform to quantify and assess forest cover change and soil erosion. Soil erosion vulnerability maps in Toledo’s Rio Grande watershed were also created. This study provides scientifically sound information in order to understand and respond effectively to the impacts of soil erosion in the study site.
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Qiao, Wen Wen, Shuo Ben Bi, Qi Fu Wang, and Jing Tao Liang. "Analysis of Spatial Distribution of the Neolithic Settlements in Zhengzhou-Luoyang Area by Using GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1518.

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Zhengzhou-Luoyang area is one of the cradles of ancient Chinese civilization and contains more than 1000 settlements of the Neolithic Age. To study the spatial distribution of the Neolithic settlements in the region, this paper applied the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate the relationship between site locations and environmental variables. The results of GIS analysis show that the settlement distribution of each culture period has a clustered pattern and obvious spatial features. Most of the settlements tend to be located in flat areas with low elevation and close to rivers and arable soils. Based on the environment variables, a Neolithic settlement site predictive model was generated to predict the archaeological probability of any given area in Zhengzhou-Luoyang area. The predictive model and distribution characteristics obtained here can help better understand the Neolithic man-land relationship and provide guidance for future field archaeology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soils and civilization"

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Gardner, Elvert L. ""Sowing seeds in barren soil" : why space power theory just won't grow /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=27104bd2-feb9-40b4-87ff-0bc531c869db&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Books on the topic "Soils and civilization"

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Hillel, Daniel. Out of the earth: Civilization and the life ofthe soil. New York: Free Press, 1991.

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Out of the earth: Civilization and the life of the soil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

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Out of the earth: Civilization and the life of the soil. New York: Free Press, 1991.

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Out of the earth. London: Aurum Press, 1992.

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Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Spirit Creek Watershed Monitoring Committee: 10-year report. [Regina]: Spirit Creek Watershed Monitoring Committee, 2011.

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Ismailov, Nariman. Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048434.

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The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration. Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
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The souls of Venice. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 2003.

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Soil and soul: The symbolic world of Russianness. Aldershot, [Hants, England]: Ashgate, 1998.

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SOS: Save our souls, ili Sve o srbima. Beograd: Plato, 2010.

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The formation of souls: Imagery of the Republic in Brazil. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soils and civilization"

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Hillel, Daniel. "Terra-aqua vitae: the role of soil and water in supporting civilization." In Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations, 231–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2172-1_22.

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Li, Xiaoxi. "Soil Contamination and Treatment—A Worldwide Problem." In Green Civilization, 131–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7812-0_7.

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Hillel, Daniel. "Introductory Overview: Soil, Water, and Civilization." In SSSA Special Publications, 1–9. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub41.c1.

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Dregne, H. E. "Historical Perspective of Accelerated Erosion and Effect on World Civilization." In Determinants of Soil Loss Tolerance, 1–14. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub45.c1.

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Bailey, Janette-Susan. "Ideas: American Exceptionalism, Social Realism, Women, Deserts, Documentary, Soil, and Civilization." In Dust Bowl, 27–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58907-1_2.

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Hillel, D. "CIVILIZATION, ROLE OF SOILS." In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 199–204. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-348530-4/00006-0.

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"Modern Civilization and Soils." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition, 1491–94. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ess3-120042715.

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Olson, Ken. "Modern Civilization and Soils." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0849338304.ch228.

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Bardgett, Richard. "Soil and the Grower." In Earth Matters. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668564.003.0008.

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Throughout history few things have mattered more to humans than their relationship with soil. This is a bold statement, but since the dawn of civilization, the use of soil to grow crops has been of central importance to mankind. Not only have past civilizations relied on fertile soils to fuel their prosperity and growth, but also neglect of soil, leading to its degradation, has in many cases led to their collapse. Unfortunately, soil neglect isn’t just a thing of the past. Today, at a time when the need to produce food for a growing world population couldn’t be more acute, vast tracts of once productive land lie degraded and struggling to grow crops or support livestock. The causes of soil degradation are complex, with population growth, poverty, poor delivery of information to farmers, conflict, shortage of land, and climate change all playing a role. Whatever the cause, the consequences are the same: soil degradation causes food shortages, poverty, and hunger. But I don’t just want to discuss the neglect of soil and its dire consequences for mankind. I also want to consider what makes a soil fertile and able to support healthy crops year after year, and how soil can leave its fingerprint on the quality and taste of what we grow. I also want to consider some of the ingenious ways that humans have devised to maintain soil fertility and boost crop yields, and how this knowledge can be harnessed to restore degraded soils. Before I do, however, an important point to make is that the concept of soil fertility is largely agronomic: it relates to the ability of soil to sustain the growth of agricultural crops through the continued provision of nutrients, water, and anchorage. Soils that support some of the most valued natural habitats on Earth, such as pristine tropical forests or expansive arctic tundra, are very infertile from an agricultural point of view; tropical forest soils are highly weathered and nutrient-poor, whereas tundra soils are wet, acidic, and low in plant-available nutrients.
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"11 Microscopic Analysis of Soils from Anau North." In A Central Asian Village at the Dawn of Civilization, 139–53. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781934536230.139.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soils and civilization"

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Saputra, Norseta, and Noviyanthy Handayani. "Analysis of Clay Stabilization Bearing Capacity with Matos and Cement for Subgrade in Kalimantan Pavement (Case Study of Beringin Village Soils)." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Civilization, ICIC 2020, 27th August 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-8-2020.2303183.

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