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Academic literature on the topic 'Soils – Heavy metal content'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

Li, Xiu Xia. "Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in Urban Soil of China." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.454.

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There are significant regional differences of the heavy metals contents in urban soils in China. The heavy metals contents in urban soils of the eastern, central and western regions are quite different, and the pollution of capital cities and prefecture-level cities are different. The study about spatial variability, time differences, pollution levels and environmental risks of heavy metals from China's urban soil show that the heavy metal contents in Chinese cities are over the soil background value in China, especially the contents of Cd and Pb , which were 91.37 times and 41.91 times to the Chinese soil background value. And the content of Ni l is only 1.59 times to the Chinese soil background value.There are also obvious differences among different functional areas the city. Meanwhile, the metal content of urban soils change with the length of time of urban development. Nemero comprehensive pollution index of China's urban soil heavy metal was 45.404, which is heavily polluted. The potential ecological risk index of China's urban soil heavy metal is 71.56, which is high potential ecological risk. Different levels of urban pollution with development degrees cause the different environmental risks.

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Hou, Yong Xia, Yan Wang, Hui Yin Li, Xin Xin Li, and Xiao Jun Hu. "Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Phragmites australis in the Wetland of Liaohe River Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.994.

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Phytoextraction has been recognized as an alternative technique for the remediation of wetland contaminated by heavy metals. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of heavy metal phytoextaction by phragmites australis and the distribution in soils and phragmites australis of 13 sampling points distributed in fields of Zhaoquanhe, Yangjuanzi and Dongguo in Liaohe estuary.The results showed that the content of heavy metal of Cu and Zn is close in the three phragmites australis fields. The content of heavy metal of Pb in Dongguo field is higher than the others. The content of heavy metal of Cd is lowest for all the heavy metals in the three fields. For the content of heavy metal in different layer soils in the three phragmites australis fields, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Pb, Zn in soils of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm is higher than in other layer soils. for Cd in soils of 0-30 cm is higher than in other layer soils. And the content of heavy metal in siols of 30-40 cm is lowest for all the heavy metals. The transfer and interaction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil- phragmites australis systems in the three fields is studied, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is that soils>phragmites australis of aerial part>phragmites australis of underground part, and for the content of heavy metal of Pb, soils>phragmites australis of aerial part≈phragmites australis of underground part. The biological concentration factor of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is low and transfer coefficient is high relatively .

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Kaszala, Rita, and Ilona Bárány Kevei. "Heavy metal concentracions in the soils and vegetation of the Béke-cave watershed (Aggtelek-karst, Hungary)." Landscape & Environment 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/9/2/1.

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Our research took place on karstic area in Aggtelek National Park in Hungary. The heavy metal content of soils with three different texture and in the plants of the natural vegetation (oak- , hornbeam-, corn leaves, greenery) were studied. Ratio of total (acid soluble) metal contents and bioavailable metal contents of the soils were calculated. Based on these results we determined the mobility of the metals in different soils. Used the metal contents of the soils and the vegetation we set up a sequence of the mobility of the metals between the soil and the most frequent plant species.

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NJOKU, Kelechi L., Omolola E. OJO, and Anuoluwapo O. JOLAOSO. "Growth and ability of Senna alata in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210523.

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The performance and impact of Senna alata on experimental heavy metal contaminated soil were investigated in this study. Soils in different pots were contaminated with different levels of lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium based on WHO limits for heavy metals. Seeds of S. alata were planted in the contaminated soils. The plant growth was studied for 60 days. Some soil parameters and heavy metal contents of the soil were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. The leaf area, the plant height and the number of actively growing stems decreased with increase in the amount of each metal added to the soil. At 60 days, there was significant reduction (p<0.05) of the heavy metals due to the growth of S. alata compared to the soil without the plant. There was reduction in the total organic matter content and the pH of the soil, but the moisture content of the contaminated soils generally increased due to the growth of S. alata. There was a positive correlation (p = 0.918) between the percentage remediation and the bioaccumulation factor, suggesting that the remediation of the heavy metals by the plant mostly occurred through bioaccumulation. A positive correlation between the percentage reduction of the heavy metals and the reduction of pH of the soil noticed suggests that growth of S. alata leads to decrease in soil pH and will enhance the remediation of soil contaminated with the heavy metals. The findings of this study show that apart from the medicinal values of S. alata, it can be useful in remediation of heavy metal polluted soils which occurs mostly through phytoextraction.

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Teng, Zheng, Joseph A. Smithson, Ping Zhou, and John J. Sansalone. "Geospatial Distribution of Metal Elements in Transportation Land Use Surficial Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1797, no. 1 (January 2002): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1797-02.

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Highway traffic generates heavy metals and particulate matter through various vehicular and tire-pavement abrasion mechanisms. These abraded materials are deposited, they accumulate, and they are transported by storm water. Soils subject to years of such loading can serve as a sink and a potential source for heavy metals. The results of geotechnical analyses, heavy metal distributions, drainage influences, and correlations to geotechnical indices for surficial (0 to 15 cm) glacial till samples recovered from two transects along a heavily traveled urban interstate highway were compared with a control site subjected to only urban atmospheric deposition. This investigation indicated, for this site, that heavy metal accretion in the surficial soils is a function of depth, surface drainage patterns, distance from the pavement edge, and soil indices. Particulate-bound heavy metal deposition and accretion or export were a function of surface flow conditions such as velocity, flow depth, and surface cover. Results indicated that heavy metal accretion rapidly decreases as a function of distance from the traveled roadway. Along the longitudinal transect, correlations between heavy metals and soil organic content were statistically significant, particularly for copper. Along the transverse transect, correlations between soil plasticity, organic content, and heavy metals were statistically significant. Although there is little control of traffic levels and past accretion, indices such as soil organic content and plasticity index, as well as pavement runoff surface drainage patterns, can provide information about whether highway soils might act as a sink or source of heavy metals and, consequently, if best management practices may be justified.

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Morshed, AHMM, MA Farukh, and MA Sattar. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Farm and Urban Soil in Mymensingh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14798.

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A study was carried out to determine the status of heavy metals in farm and urban soils from intensively growing areas of Mymensingh. Sixty three soil samples were collected from 11 upazillas of Mymensingh. From these samples total amount of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn were tested. The soils were also analyzed for texture, pH and organic matter content. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn in farm soils were 19.64, 0.32, 39.80, 14.10, 1800.40, 135.66 ?g g-1, respectively and the mean concentrations of above metals in urban soils were 20.93, 0.37, 36.90, 28.85, 1810.08, 127.05 ?g g-1, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in farm soils were within the limit allowed for maximum acceptable concentration for satisfactory crop production. Heavy metals in urban soils were also below the limit considered as contaminated soil. Most of the heavy metals in both farm and urban soils were negatively correlated with sand and positively correlated with silt. There was no significant correlation between heavy metal content and soil pH or organic matter in both farm and urban soils with very few exceptions. Most of the heavy metals did not show any significant correlation with each other expect Fe which showed significant correlation with Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn and Cd for both farm and urban soils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14798 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 81-84 2012

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Manea, Alexandrina, Nicoleta Vrinceanu, Carmen-Alina Eftene, and Daniela Raducu. "The Heavy Metal Status of Some Agricultural Soils." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 12 (January 7, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.12.8382.

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In order to evaluate the loadings of some agricultural soils with heavy metals, field studies were made across the Iasi County. The heavy metals concentration range were as follows: 15.4 - 36 mg/kg (Cu), 49 - 115 mg/kg (Zn), 7.4 - 20.4 mg/kg (Pb), 0.13 - 0.43 mg/kg (Cd), 6.9 - 13.15 mg/kg (Co), 25 - 100 mg/kg (Ni) and 463 - 798 mg/kg (Mn), respectively. The median of the heavy metals decreased in the next order: Mn (589) ] Zn (67) ] Ni (46) ]Cu (22,1)]Pb (12.1)]Co (10.2)]Cd (0.32). The studied heavy metal median was higher than the same metal median from European soils. According to the Romanian legislation, the normal values are exceeding in 13% the samples for Zn, 73% for Cu, 93% for Ni, and in one case, the value of Ni exceeded the alert threshold (75 mg/kg). A direct relationship between Cu, Pb, Zn and Co was noticed, which may indicate a common source of these metals. The Pearson`s coefficients of these elements were: Pb-Cu (0.863), Cu-Zn (0.826), Pb-Zn (0.74), Cu-Co (0.730), Pb-Co (0.703). According to the values of Pearson correlation coefficient, the significant positive correlations were identified between Cu, Zn, Pb, Co and clay content, while the same metals are highly negative correlated with CaCO3 and fine sand contents. In case of Pb, Co, and Mn no influence of agricultural activities can be detected, wich suggestes that geogenic factors control the contents of these heavy metals. The Cu content exhibited a positive correlation with total Nitrogen, while the Cd content showed a positive significant relationship only with Km content. On the other hand, the Ni content exhibited correlation with both Pm and Km concentrations. The correlations of Cu-Nt, Cd-Km, Ni-Pm, and Ni-Km could be an index of the anthropogenic input of Cd, Cu, and Ni from the use of fertilizers.

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Zhou, Wenxiang, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Chao Song, Xiaoqiang Li, and Fairda Malem. "Vertical Distribution and Controlling Factors Exploration of Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo and Ba in Six Soil Profiles of The Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051745.

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Exploring the enrichment and controlling factors of heavy metals in soils is essential because heavy metals can cause severe soil contamination and threaten human health when they are excessively enriched in soils. Soil samples (total 103) from six soil profiles (T1 to T6) in the Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand, were collected for the analyses of the content of heavy metals, including Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Ba. The average contents of soil heavy metals decrease in the following order: Ba, V, Ni, Sc, Co, and Mo (T1, T3, T4 and T5); Ni, V, Ba, Co, Sc, Mo, and Ba (T2); Ba, V, Sc, Ni, Mo, and Co (T6). An enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index were calculated to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination in the soils. The EFs of these heavy metals in most samples range from 0 to 1.5, which reveals that most heavy metals are slightly enriched. Geoaccumulation indexes show that only the topsoil of T1 and T2 is slightly contaminated by Ba, Sc, Ni, and V. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH and soil texture are significantly positively correlated with most heavy metals, except for a negative correlation between soil pH and Mo content. In conclusion, the influence of heavy metals on soils in the study area is slight and SOC, soil pH, soil texture dominate the behavior of heavy metals.

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Mühlbachová, G., J. Száková, and P. Tlustoš. "The heavy metal availability in long-term polluted soils as affected by EDTA and alfalfa meal treatments." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 12 (November 26, 2012): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/524/2012-pse.

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A 38-day incubation experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the response of plant-available portions of heavy metals in long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils on addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal. Soils with different soil management (arable and grassland) from the vicinity of a lead smelter were used in the experiment. Readily available heavy metal fractions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased in the presence of EDTA at the beginning of experiment. The increase of heavy metal availability was higher in the arable soil with lower content of soil organic carbon than in the grassland soil. Addition of EDTA increased content of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon which remained higher throughout the overall time of experiment. During the first part of the experiment, the alfalfa meal addition decreased the available metal concentrations in the EDTA-treated grassland soil whereas no effect of alfalfa meal was observed in EDTA-treated arable soil.  

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Yang, Pingguo, Miao Yang, Renzhao Mao, and Hongbo Shao. "Multivariate-Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals for Agricultural Soils in Northern China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517020.

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The study evaluated eight heavy metals content and soil pollution from agricultural soils in northern China. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis approaches were used to determine the anthropogenic and natural contribution of soil heavy metal concentrations. Single pollution index and integrated pollution index could be used to evaluate soil heavy metal risk. The results show that the first factor explains 27.3% of the eight soil heavy metals with strong positive loadings on Cu, Zn, and Cd, which indicates that Cu, Zn, and Cd are associated with and controlled by anthropic activities. The average value of heavy metal is lower than the second grade standard values of soil environmental quality standards in China. Single pollution index is lower than 1, and the Nemerow integrated pollution index is 0.305, which means that study area has not been polluted. The semivariograms of soil heavy metal single pollution index fitted spherical and exponential models. The variable ratio of single pollution index showed moderately spatial dependence. Heavy metal contents showed relative safety in the study area.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

PULS, ROBERT WILLIAM. "ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS ON SOIL CLAYS (KAOLINITE, CADMIUM, MONTMORILLONITE, ZINC)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183889.

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Metal cation adsorption is the predominant chemical mechanism governing the attenuation of toxic metal movement in soils. Clay minerals are the primary adsorbent surfaces in soils due to their ubiquitous nature and large reactive surface area. This study examined the relative affinity of the metals cadmium, nickel and zinc for the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite. The influence which different mineral adsorbents and different complexing ligands in solution have on the adsorption of metal ions was assessed using the Hard-Soft Acid-Base Principle as a theoretical framework for predicting the maximum extent of adsorption and rate of adsorption. The HSAB principle is that hard bases prefer to complex hard acids and soft bases prefer to complex soft acids. The hypothesis that initiated these investigations was that the hard-soft character of mineral surfaces is due to their surface functional groups and can be measured using metal cation adsorption selectivity experiments where pH and complex ion formation are controlled. When complex ion formation in aqueous solution was minimized (i.e. in Ca(ClO₄)₂), adsorption decreased in the order of decreasing softness, CD > Zn > Ni for both clay minerals. Montmorillonite behaved as a slightly harder Lewis base than kaolinite, sorbing the harder Ni and Zn ions to a greater extent than Cd, although both minerals behaved as soft Lewis bases. In the presence of chloride and sulfate ligands, adsorption sequences changed and reflected results from typical soil solution studies. In some cases the adsorption sequences can be explained using the HSAB principle together with computer speciation data and this approach merits further consideration and research. Adsorption over time and calculated adsorption rate constants were generally consistent with equilibrium selectivity data. Adsorption rates decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Ni in Ca(ClO₄)₂ for both clay minerals. The adsorption curves reflect a two-step adsorption process involving a rapid exchange-type reaction followed by a much slower adsorption involving diffusion into the crystal or alteration of the surface through the formation of a new solid phase involving the adsorbed ions.

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Khandoker, Rafiqul Alam. "Distribution of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Soils of Southwest Oregon." PDXScholar, 1997. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4691.

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Soil samples from 118 sites on 71 geologic units in southwest Oregon were collected and analyzed to determine the background concentrations of metals in soils of the region. Sites were chosen in areas that were relatively undisturbed by human activities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved total-recoverable method was used to recover metals from samples for analysis. The twenty six metals analyzed were: Ag, AI, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn. The Klamath Mountains followed by the Coast Range contain the highest soil concentrations of AI, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, V and Zn. Soils of the Coastal Plain and High Lava Plains contain the lowest concentrations of these metals. Unusually high soil As concentrations are found at two sites in the Klamath Mountains. All Be and Cd values above laboratory's reporting limits are also from the Klamath Mountains and Coast Range. Concentrations of soil Ba and La are fairly uniform throughout the region. Soil Pb levels are generally low with a few exceptions in the Klamath Mountains, Coast and Cascade Ranges. The region west of the Cascade Range has higher soil Hg contents than in the east. Soil metal concentrations are generally much higher in the region west of the Cascade Range, excluding the Coastal Plain, than in the east with the exception ofNa, because of more ultramafic rocks and a wetter climate. Soil metal concentrations are directly related to soil development with the highest concentrations being found in well developed Alfisols and Ultisols and the lowest concentrations in poorly developed Entisols. Most metals have similar averages and ranges of concentration compared to the rest of the United States (U.S.). Metals with high values compared to the rest of the U.S. are Cr, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni. In general, AI, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, and V are concentrated in the B horizon while Ba, Ca, Hg, K, Mn, Pb and Zn are concentrated in the A horizon.

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Andrade, Marc-David. "Development of an on-site ex-situ unsaturated-flow remediation process for trace metal contaminated soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85117.

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Innovative means and methods were tested to develop an economical, pragmatic and environmentally sustainable soil remediation process for heavy metal contaminated soils. An unsaturated-flow soil washing procedure was devised to dissolve the soil-bound toxic heavy metals; the latter were extracted by a chemical washing solution that percolated through the soil matrix. Subsequently, the leached toxic heavy metals were selectively concentrated, by a chemical precipitation process, into a solid waste. Thereby, a fraction of the spent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), within the washing and rinsing leachate, was theoretically regenerated and recycle-ready.
The unsaturated-flow washing procedure was perfected by applying different treatments to a soil from a secure landfill. This soil was contaminated with Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S and Zn. The major contaminants were Fe, Pb, Zn, S, Cu and Mn, making up 25, 1.9, 1.0, 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2%wt of the soil. The extraction responses of the contaminants and those of Al, Ca, Mg and P were established for citric acid (0.5 M) and different molarities of diammonium EDTA ((NH4)2EDTA). The DOW Chemical Company supplied the (NH4)2EDTA (i.e. VERSENE), a 1.37M industrial cleaner, which roughly costs $1.85kg-1 in bulk. The affordability of VERSENE was a pre-condition for hoping to satisfy the economical feasibility of remediating trace metal contaminated soils.
Ultimately, the developed unsaturated-flow washing procedure was tested in a pilot-scale experiment, for its ability to remediate a soil from an abandoned car battery recycling facility. The latter soil was severely contaminated with Pb (3.9%wt). Drip irrigation was used to apply (NH4) 2EDTA and water-rinsing solutions to the surface of soil heaps that rested atop an impermeable barrier, which permitted the retrieval of the leachate. A cumulative EDTA input to the soil of 10.6% wt extracted 49.4% of the total Pb content of the soil. Alternatively, readily biodegradable citric acid barely extracted 2.2% of the total Pb content of the soil, for a cumulative input of 18.1% weight of soil. Different treatments were tested for their effectiveness in concentrating the leached toxic heavy metals into a solid waste. The Pb was best precipitated with Na2S alone, as it provided the most concentrated solid toxic waste.
The environmental sustainability of remediating trace metal contaminated soils was thoroughly examined, as per the amounts of chemical entrants and toxic waste by-products, and per the post-treatment leaching of toxic levels of the remaining and potentially toxic trace metals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Andong, Omores Raissa. "Spatio-temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils in the vicinity of a petrochemical plant in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2432.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an alarming group of organic substances for humans and environmental organisms due to their ubiquitous presence, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. They are semi-volatile substances which result from the fusion of carbon and hydrogen atoms and constitute a large group of compounds containing two to several aromatic rings in their molecule. Natural processes and several anthropogenic activities involving complete or incomplete combustion of organic substances such as coal, fossil fuel, tobacco and other thermal processes, generally result in the release of the PAHs into the environment. However, the fate of the PAHs is of great environmental concern due to their tendency to accumulate and their persistence in different environmental matrices and their toxicity. Animal studies have revealed that an excessive exposure to PAHs can be harmful. Evidence of their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immune-suppressive effects has been reported in the literature. In the soil environment, they have the tendency to be absorbed by plants grown on soil being contaminated by the PAHs. It is, therefore, important to evaluate their occurrence levels in different environmental matrices such as soil concentrations.

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Nkqenkqa, Vuyiseka. "Metal and microbial contamination of agricultural soil and the Veldwachters River, Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2423.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Surface water is used as a source of water supply in many countries, including South Africa. One of the sources of surface water pollution is leachate and surface runoff from landfills. In agricultural soils, the landfill runoff and leachate deteriorate the quality and affect the fertility of soil. The entry of metals and microorganisms from landfill leachate to adjacent environments is through surface runoff due to rainfall. Adverse effects on human- and environmental health triggers a need to monitor and control contaminants in the environment. The aims of the study are to determine the effect of landfill runoff and leachate on agricultural soil and river water (Veldwachters River) running adjacent to the Devon Valley landfill site and to identify potential metal-tolerant organisms in environmental samples collected in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Samples (agricultural soil, river water and sediments) were collected once a month for a period of six months from the study area for analysis. Physicochemical parameters that are known to have major effects on environmental samples were assessed and the concentrations of various metals (Al, Pb, Cr, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd and V) were also determined by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Soil texture analysis was tested in order to monitor the metal distribution in soils under the influence of environmental factors.

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Taillon, Kate. "Modeling surface complexation relationships in forest and agricultural soil." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82435.

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The adsorption behaviour of trace metals in soil may provide us with a way to more accurately predict and assess the toxicity of metals in the environment. This thesis reports efforts to apply surface complexation modeling to agricultural and forest soil and to relate model parameters to common soil properties. This study considered Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn but the methods here could be applied to other metals. In Chapter 2, the surface charge and adsorption behaviour of a set of Ap horizons was characterised using back-titration and batch adsorption techniques. With the objective of simplifying the application of the NICCA model to surface charge and cation adsorption in whole soils the parameters of the NICCA model were related to soil properties (Chapter 3). Four of the six surface charge parameters could be predicted from soil properties and this enabled me to reasonably predict the surface charge of a second group of soils from soil properties. These results suggest that it is possible to make reasonable predictions about the surface charge and adsorption behaviour of a given type of soil using some easily measurable soil properties and a set of generic NICCA adsorption parameters for that soil type. In Chapter 4 this idea is applied to the determination of lime requirement for the agricultural soils.

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Xiong, Xianzhe, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Heavy metal accumulation in soils at three field sites subject to effluent irrigation." Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.110403.

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Three field sites were chosen to study the environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil. These sites were the Werribee Farm and the Myome Farm in Australia and Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area in China. The Werribee Farm and the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area received sewage treatment and application on land for a long time. The Myome farm is an experimental site in which investigations on land application of municipal wastewater on water repellent soils is currently being trailed. Heavy metal contamination, in particular Cr, Cu and Zn, in the Land Filtration soil of Werribee Farm was widespread. More than a century of sewage irrigation has occurred in the Werribee Farm. The temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil at this site follow an exponential trend with time and the spatial distribution pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in different paddocks correlates with the number of years of sewage irrigation at that site in the Farm. Extensive sewage irrigation at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area resulted in significant Cd pollution in soil-plant (rice) system and poses a significant threat to the health of local people. Even after eight years since cessation of sewage irrigation, the bioavailable fractions of Cd in the soil as analyzed by sequential extraction techniques were very high thus illustrating long-term persistence. The simultaneous competitive adsorption of metals in water repellent soils (at Myome Farm in South Australia) was studied. In the competitive situation, Cr, Pb and Cu are the heavy metal cations more strongly adsorbed by the soil, whereas Cd, Ni and Zn are the least adsorbed. The increase in Freundlich adsorption capacity by clay amendment suggested that clayed soils are capable sorption of higher heavy metal loadings compared to the non-clayed water repellent soil, which is more vulnerable to heavy metal inputs. A simple model of environmental assimilative capacity is proposed. The results of comparison of the three field sites shows that the Werribee Farm has a higher environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil than the soils at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area and Myome Farm, however heavy metal contamination at Werribee Farm is still a concern. The model of environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil is an effective tool to assist management of effluent applied land irrigation systems and can be used to better design environmental engineering systems.

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Maleri, Rudolf A. "The ability of terrestrial Oligochaeta to survive in ultramafic soils and the assessment of toxicity at different levels of organisation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1200.

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Thesis (PhD (Botany and Zoology)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Metals are natural elements of the earth crust usually present at low concentrations in all soils. Although many metals such as cobalt, copper, iron and zinc are essential to living organisms, at elevated concentrations most metals are toxic to organisms living in and on soils. Elevated concentrations of metals are caused either by anthropogenic deposition following remobilisation from the earth crust or are of natural origin. Ultramafic soils do not only pose unfavourable living conditions such as drought and poor organic content, these soils are also characterized by extremely high concentrations of a range of metals known to be toxic under normal circumstances. Ultramafic soils are of high ecological importance as a high proportion of endemic organisms, especially plants, live on these soils. As it is known that earthworms do occur in ultramafic soils, the aims of the present study were to investigate the abilities of earthworms to survive in these soils and the influences of elevated chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel levels. For the evaluation of the metal background conditions, soils originating from ultramafic rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Mpumalanga, South Africa were collected and different fractions representing different levels of bioavailability were analyzed for arsenic, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel. To assess the mobile, readily available metal fraction, i.e. Ca2+- exchangeable metal cations, a 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 extraction was performed. To investigate the mobilisable metal fraction, representing the amount of easily remobilisable complexed and carbonated metal ions, a DTPA (di-ethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid) extraction was conducted. In relation to non-ultramafic or anthropogenic contaminated soils, a far lower proportion of metals were extractable by the above mentioned extraction methods. To investigate the availability and effects of these metals on earthworms, two ecophysiologically different species were employed. Aporrectodea caliginosa and Eisenia fetida were long-term exposed to the ultramafic soils collected at the Barberton region and a control soil from a location at Stellenbosch with a known history of no anthropogenic metal contamination. The responses to the ecological stress originating in the ultramafic soils were measured on different levels of earthworm organisation. As endpoints affecting population development, cocoon production, fecundity and viability were evaluated. On individual level, growth, metal body burden and tissue distribution were investigated. As endpoints on subcellular level, the membrane integrity was assessed by the neutral red retention assay, the mitochondrial activity was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay and as a biomarker for the DNA integrity, the comet assay was performed. Focussing on manganese and nickel, the uptake by E. fetida of these metals was investigated with the exclusion of soil related properties using an artificial aqueous medium to draw comparisons to the uptake of these metals in natural soils. The possible development of resistance towards nickel was tested by exposing pre-exposed (for more than 10 generations) E. fetida specimens to ultramafic soils with concentrations of more than 4000 mg/kg nickel. The results showed that, except on the endpoint survival, which was less sensitive than all other bioassays, significant responses to the ultramafic challenge were observed in all earthworm bioassays and on all levels of organisation. The sensitivity of the responses of the earthworms towards the ultramafic conditions was not predictable by the level of organisation. The two species showed different strategies of metal elimination. In A. caliginosa, metals such as nickel, manganese and chromium were transported to the posterior section and the posterior section was subsequently pushed off by autotomization. In E. fetida, metals such as chromium and nickel were sequestered in storage compartments in the coelomic cells or fluid. Other metals, such as cobalt, were not taken up at elevated concentrations. Although an increased accumulation of nickel was observed in E. fetida specimens pre-exposed to nickel, development of resistance or cross resistance was not observed in this species. In contrast, pre-exposed specimen exposed to elevated concentrations of nickel showed a higher sensitivity in terms of survival, indicating the absence of acclimatisation or even genetic adaptation. A comparison of the two species employed indicated that A. caliginosa was less suited for the assessment of the ultramafic soils due to the high individual variation in metal body burden, the mass loss observed and the slow reproduction rate even in the control soils. This happened despite the fact that A. caliginosa was a soil dwelling species supposed to be better adapted to the soil substrate than the litter dwelling E. fetida. The toxicity of the ultramafic soils was not necessarily related to total or environmentally available amounts of the selected metals. Thus, it can be speculated that either these soils contained unidentified toxicants with resulting interactions between toxicants playing an important role or earthworms were able to remobilize metals occurring in these soils. As the singular application of an ecotoxicological endpoint did not give reliable results, especially seen over the duration of the exposures, it can be concluded that, when studying soils with such a complex composition, the utilisation of endpoints addressing different levels of organisation is necessary for the assessment of toxic stress emerging from these ultramafic soils.

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Li, Wai Chin. "Phytoremediation of heavy metal and PAH contaminated soil : effects of bacterial inoculation on PAH removal, metal speciation, bioavailability and uptake by Sedum alfredii." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/813.

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Reeves, Alastair Ian. "Contaminant tracking through dendro-chemical analysis of tree-radii." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69688.

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The research used dendro-chemical analysis of ash tree rings and current year leaf litter to track Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Sn spread and cycling from a closed garbage dump-toxic waste site. This technique allowed for determination of areal extent, contaminant levels and time period of initial contaminant contact. Only Zn, Sn, and Cu were found in elevated quantities in the xylem wood and Pb in the leaf litter. Elemental concentrations of Pb, Sn and Cd in xylem wood and leaves of ash were positively correlated. Tin was the only element to demonstrate a clear initial contact period and elemental accumulation with age. Significant levels of Cu accumulated in the heartwood while Zn revealed significant but inconsistent accumulated patterns. Expected attenuation zones associated with municipal solid waste landfill leachate dispersion were not found; thus the pathway for contaminant dispersion was likely through groundwater flow.
An elemental index was developed to facilitate the use of dendro-chemical analysis in periods of suppressed tree growth resulting from environmental pollution.

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Books on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

Sanz, Lucía H. Heavy metal sediments. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Sauerbeck, Dieter. Beurteilung von Bodenbelastungen und ihre wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen in Bulgarien: Ermittlung und Dokumentation von Belastungen landwirtschaftlich genutzter Böden durch Schwermetalle und persistente organische Stoffe und Beurteilung der dadurch eingetretenen Nachteile bei der Landrefomr in Bulgarien. Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, 1996.

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Beznosov, A. I. Soderzhanie ti︠a︡zhelykh metallov v pakhotnykh pochvakh Udmurtskoĭ Respubliki: Monografii︠a︡. Izhevsk: Izhevskai︠a︡ GSKhA, 2005.

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Jones, Geoffrey Brent. Metal concentrations in surface soils of Thompson, Manitoba, September 2001. Winnipeg]: Manitoba Conservation, 2003.

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Mago, Payal. Vetiveria zizanioides for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. New Delhi, India: VL Media Solutions, 2014.

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Vodi︠a︡nit︠s︡kiĭ, I︠U︡ N. Izuchenie ti︠a︡zhelykh metallov v pochvakh. Moskva: Pochvennyĭ in-t im. V.V. Dokuchaeva RASKhN, 2005.

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Beck, Rolf Karl. Schwermetalle in Waldböden des Schönbuchs: Bestandsaufnahme-ökologische Verhältnisse-Umweltrelevanz. Tübingen: Geographischen Instituts der Universität, 1998.

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Varma, A., and Irena Sherameti. Detoxification of heavy metals. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

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Vodi͡anit͡skiĭ, I͡U N. Zhelezistye mineraly i ti͡azhelye metally v pochvakh. Moskva: Pochvennyĭ institut im. V.V. Dokuchaeva RASKhN, 1998.

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Desaules, André. Schlüssel zur Identifikation gesteinsbedingter Richtwertüberschreitungen: Schadstoffgehalte von Böden in der Schweiz. Bern: Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

Kabata-Pendias, Alina. "Agricultural Problems Related to Excessive Trace Metal Contents of Soils." In Heavy Metals, 3–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5_1.

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González, L. M., and O. Vargas. "Variation of Heavy Metal Content with Depth in Sabana de Bogotá Soils." In Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Environments, 113–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07060-4_10.

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Ballabio, Cristiano, and Roberto Comolli. "Mapping Heavy Metal Content in Soils with Multi-Kernel SVR and LiDAR Derived Data." In Digital Soil Mapping, 205–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_17.

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Shikhova, Lyudmila N., Olga A. Zubkova, and Eugene M. Lisitsyn. "Dynamics of Organic Matter Content in Sod-Podzolic Soils Differ in Degree of Cultivation." In Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants in the Environment, 51–86. Toronto : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366029-3.

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Semenova, Irina N., Yuliya S. Rafikova, Rezeda F. Khasanova, and Yalil T. Suyundukov. "Heavy Metal Content in Soils and Hair of the Inhabitants Near Copper Zinc Mine (Bashkortostan, Russia)." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 847–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6_45.

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Shikhova, Lyudmila N., and Eugene M. Lisitsyn. "Seasonal Dynamics in Content of Some Heavy Metals and Microelements in Arable Soils of Taiga Zone of European Russia." In Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants in the Environment, 31–50. Toronto : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366029-2.

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Szerszen, L., T. Chodak, and A. Karczewska. "Areal, Profile and Time Differentiation of Heavy Metal Content in Soils in The Vicinity of Copper Smelters in Lgom, Poland." In Soil & Environment, 279–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2008-1_63.

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Belalla, Skender, Ilir Salillari, Adrian Doko, Fran Gjoka, and Majlinda Cenameri. "Content of Heavy Metals in Albanian Soils and Determination of Spatial Structures Using GIS." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Assessment, Mitigation and Remediation, 389–400. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8657-0_30.

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Praveena, Sarva Mangala, Nurul Syazwani Yuswir, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, and Zailina Hashim. "Potential Health Risk Assessment of Urban Soil on Heavy Metal Content in Seri Kembangan." In From Sources to Solution, 77–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_15.

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Kozyrev, Denis, Sergey Gorbov, Olga Bezuglova, Elena Buraeva, Suleiman Tagiverdiev, and Nadezhda Salnik. "Activity Concentration of Natural Radionuclides and Total Heavy Metals Content in Soils of Urban Agglomeration." In Springer Geography, 111–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75285-9_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

Jargalsaihan, B. "HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS IN THE NALAIKH REGION (MONGOLIA)." In Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.65-68.

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The content of heavy metals in soils of the Nalaikh region, in which coal was mined for a long period, was investigated. The purpose of the work was to assess the possibility of ecological safe renovation of this territory. According to the results obtained, the level of contamination of most areas of the Nalaikh region with heavy metals is insignificant and cannot pose a threat to human health.

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Angelova, Violina. "HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF LEMON BALM (MELISSA OFFICINALIS L.) CULTIVATED ON HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.287.

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Comparative research has been conducted to allow us to determine the content of heavy metals and chemical composition of lemon balm oils, as well as to identify the possibility of lemon balm growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals. The experimental plots were situated at different distances of 0.5 km, and 15 km, respectively, from the source of pollution the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. On reaching the flowering stage the lemon balm plants were gathered. The content of heavy metals in leaves of lemon balm was determined by ICP. The essential oils of the lemon balm were obtained by steam distillation in laboratory conditions which were analyzed for heavy metals and chemical composition was determined. Lemon balm is a plant that is tolerant to heavy metals and can be grown on contaminated soils. Heavy metals do not affect the development of lemon balm and the quality and quantity of oil obtained from it. Forty components were identified in the oils. The quantity of identified compounds corresponds to 98.82-98.83% of the total oil content. Among the detected compounds, beta-citral (neral) (19.31-20.78%), alfa-citral (geranial) (18,65-19,12%), β-caryophyllene (14.76-16.28%), α-cadinol (3.88-4.74%), geranyl acetate (3.49-3.59%), trans-geraniol (3.40-3.51%), germacrene (3.18-3.28%), citronellal (2.94-3.03%), nerol (2.63-2.71%), neryl acetate (2.42 -2.49%) were the major compounds. The essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. can be a valuable product for farmers from polluted regions.

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KARA, Zekeriya. "TOTAL HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN SERPENTINITE SOILS FROM TURKOGLU-KAHRAMANMARAS/TURKEY." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/s13.085.

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Ni, Qian, Zhengyu Bao, Dong Yang, and Tianfu Zhang. "Distribution of Heavy Metal Contents of Urban Soils in Sanya, China." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162652.

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Pristipa, K. V., T. A. Kukulyanskaya, and E. A. Khramtsova. "The content of low molecular weight antioxidants in transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum under heavy metal salts conditions." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.199.

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We were studied several of antioxidants in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, plants cultivated in heavy metal polluted soils. The content of phenolic compounds, vitamins C and E in plants increased under these conditions.

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Pechkin, A. S., E. V. Agbalian, E. V. Shinkaruk, N. A. Khnycheva, V. V. Melnikova, K. V. Iulbarisova, and A. S. Krasnenko. "BACKGROUND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE RESERVE «VERKHNE-TAZOVSKY»." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-50.

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Analytical studies of background soils on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were Carried out using generally accepted methods in soil science. Low availability of tested soils with organic matter and basic exchange cations is shown. Indicators of heavy metal concentrations, silt and humus content, and sorbents (iron and manganese hydroxides) were obtained.

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Li, Xiaolan, Bingbo Gao, Yuchun Pan, Yunbing Gao, and Xiaoming Xie. "The soil heavy metal content mapping based on Sandwich model." In 2016 5th International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2016.7577616.

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BIN LI and WENZHONG GUO. "Feasibility Study of Soil Heavy Metal Pb2+ Content Detection Using Terahertz Spectroscopy." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131620908.

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Wang, Shuai, Hongqi Wang, Yanguo Teng, and Qingtao Zhou. "Distribution of Heavy Metal Contents of Soils in an Industrial Area of Zibo, China." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162651.

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Vollmannova, Alena. "POTENTIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE MIDDLE POVAZIE REGION IN SLOVAKIA ON THE HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.2/s13.043.

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Reports on the topic "Soils – Heavy metal content"

Busby, Ryan, Thomas Douglas, Joshua LeMonte, David Ringelberg, and Karl Indest. Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41443.

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Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. Elymus macrourus, a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. Elaeagnus commutata, a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. Solidago decumbens bio-concentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.

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Henderson, P. J., R. Knight, and I. McMartin. Heavy-metal concentrations in soils surrounding Canadian base-metal smelters: a comparative study. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210194.

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Fan, Teresa W. M., and Richard M. Higashi. Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Sequestration in Soils: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Organic Matter Aging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827411.

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Fan, Teresa W. M., Richard M. Higashi, and Crowley. Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Sequestration in Soils: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Organic Matter Aging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834659.

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Teresa W.-M. Fan, Richard M. Higashi, David Crowley, Andrew N. Lane: Teresa A. Cassel, and Peter G. Green. Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Sequestration in Soils: Plant-Microbe Interactions and Organic Matter Aging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836894.

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Aleksova, Michaella, Daniel Palov, Nikolai Dinev, Silvena Boteva, Anelia Kenarova, Roumen Dimitrov, and Galina Radeva. Bacterial Abundance along a Gradient of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils in the Region of Zlatitsa–Pirdop Valley, Western Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.03.18.

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Dermatas, D. Stabilization and reuse of heavy metal contaminated soils by means of quicklime sulfate salt treatment. Final report, September 1992--February 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/201739.

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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, Indranil Chowdhury, Richards Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, James Mueller, and Will Moody. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity because of increased treatment complexity, cost, and duration. The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated in situ electrochemical treatment approach to extract inorganic compounds from fine-grained soils, with the treatment time comparable to excavation and off-site disposal. Three reactor experiments were conducted on samples collected from two borehole locations from a field site in Illinois that contained arsenic (As)(~7.4 mg/kg) and manganese (Mn)(~700 mg/kg). A combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or citrate buffer solution was used to treat the soils. A low-intensity electrical field was applied to soil samples using a bench-scale reactor that resembles field-scale in situ electrochemical systems. For the treatment using 10% H2O2 and citrate buffer solution, average removal of 23% and 8% were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. With 4% H2O2 and citrate buffer, 39% and 24% removal were achieved for Mn and As; while using only citrate buffer as the electrolyte, 49% and 9% removal were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. All chemical regimes adopted in this study reduced the inorganic compound concentrations to below the maximum allowable concentration for Illinois as specified by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from this work indicate that electrochemical systems that leverage low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and citrate buffer can be effective for remediating soils containing manganese and arsenic.

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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Ashley Mossell, Holly VerMeulen, Samuel Beal, and Jay Clausen. The effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a quantitative tool for environmental characterization. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40263.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid, low-cost analytical method with potential applications for quantitative analysis of soils for heavy metal contaminants found in military ranges. The Department of Defense (DoD), Army, and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have mission requirements to acquire the ability to detect and identify chemicals of concern in the field. The quantitative potential of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hand-held LIBS device and a classic laboratory bench-top LIBS system was examined by measuring heavy metals (antimony, tungsten, iron, lead, and zinc) in soils from six military ranges. To ensure the accuracy of the quantified results, we also examined the soil samples using other hand-held and bench-top analytical methods, to include Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The effects of soil heterogeneity on quantitative analysis were reviewed with hand-held and bench-top systems and compared multivariate and univariate calibration algorithms for heavy metal quantification. In addition, the influence of cold temperatures on signal intensity and resulting concentration were examined to further assess the viability of this technology in cold environments. Overall, the results indicate that additional work should be performed to enhance the ability of LIBS as a reliable quantitative analytical tool.

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Effect of sewage sludge on nutrient and toxic metal content of soil and selected crops grown on tropical soils. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/25213.

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