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1
Li, Xiu Xia. "Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in Urban Soil of China." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.454.
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There are significant regional differences of the heavy metals contents in urban soils in China. The heavy metals contents in urban soils of the eastern, central and western regions are quite different, and the pollution of capital cities and prefecture-level cities are different. The study about spatial variability, time differences, pollution levels and environmental risks of heavy metals from China's urban soil show that the heavy metal contents in Chinese cities are over the soil background value in China, especially the contents of Cd and Pb , which were 91.37 times and 41.91 times to the Chinese soil background value. And the content of Ni l is only 1.59 times to the Chinese soil background value.There are also obvious differences among different functional areas the city. Meanwhile, the metal content of urban soils change with the length of time of urban development. Nemero comprehensive pollution index of China's urban soil heavy metal was 45.404, which is heavily polluted. The potential ecological risk index of China's urban soil heavy metal is 71.56, which is high potential ecological risk. Different levels of urban pollution with development degrees cause the different environmental risks.
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Hou, Yong Xia, Yan Wang, Hui Yin Li, Xin Xin Li, and Xiao Jun Hu. "Accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Phragmites australis in the Wetland of Liaohe River Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.994.
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Phytoextraction has been recognized as an alternative technique for the remediation of wetland contaminated by heavy metals. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of heavy metal phytoextaction by phragmites australis and the distribution in soils and phragmites australis of 13 sampling points distributed in fields of Zhaoquanhe, Yangjuanzi and Dongguo in Liaohe estuary.The results showed that the content of heavy metal of Cu and Zn is close in the three phragmites australis fields. The content of heavy metal of Pb in Dongguo field is higher than the others. The content of heavy metal of Cd is lowest for all the heavy metals in the three fields. For the content of heavy metal in different layer soils in the three phragmites australis fields, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Pb, Zn in soils of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm is higher than in other layer soils. for Cd in soils of 0-30 cm is higher than in other layer soils. And the content of heavy metal in siols of 30-40 cm is lowest for all the heavy metals. The transfer and interaction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil- phragmites australis systems in the three fields is studied, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is that soils>phragmites australis of aerial part>phragmites australis of underground part, and for the content of heavy metal of Pb, soils>phragmites australis of aerial part≈phragmites australis of underground part. The biological concentration factor of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is low and transfer coefficient is high relatively .
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Kaszala, Rita, and Ilona Bárány Kevei. "Heavy metal concentracions in the soils and vegetation of the Béke-cave watershed (Aggtelek-karst, Hungary)." Landscape & Environment 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/9/2/1.
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Our research took place on karstic area in Aggtelek National Park in Hungary. The heavy metal content of soils with three different texture and in the plants of the natural vegetation (oak- , hornbeam-, corn leaves, greenery) were studied. Ratio of total (acid soluble) metal contents and bioavailable metal contents of the soils were calculated. Based on these results we determined the mobility of the metals in different soils. Used the metal contents of the soils and the vegetation we set up a sequence of the mobility of the metals between the soil and the most frequent plant species.
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NJOKU, Kelechi L., Omolola E. OJO, and Anuoluwapo O. JOLAOSO. "Growth and ability of Senna alata in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210523.
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The performance and impact of Senna alata on experimental heavy metal contaminated soil were investigated in this study. Soils in different pots were contaminated with different levels of lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium based on WHO limits for heavy metals. Seeds of S. alata were planted in the contaminated soils. The plant growth was studied for 60 days. Some soil parameters and heavy metal contents of the soil were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. The leaf area, the plant height and the number of actively growing stems decreased with increase in the amount of each metal added to the soil. At 60 days, there was significant reduction (p<0.05) of the heavy metals due to the growth of S. alata compared to the soil without the plant. There was reduction in the total organic matter content and the pH of the soil, but the moisture content of the contaminated soils generally increased due to the growth of S. alata. There was a positive correlation (p = 0.918) between the percentage remediation and the bioaccumulation factor, suggesting that the remediation of the heavy metals by the plant mostly occurred through bioaccumulation. A positive correlation between the percentage reduction of the heavy metals and the reduction of pH of the soil noticed suggests that growth of S. alata leads to decrease in soil pH and will enhance the remediation of soil contaminated with the heavy metals. The findings of this study show that apart from the medicinal values of S. alata, it can be useful in remediation of heavy metal polluted soils which occurs mostly through phytoextraction.
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Teng, Zheng, Joseph A. Smithson, Ping Zhou, and John J. Sansalone. "Geospatial Distribution of Metal Elements in Transportation Land Use Surficial Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1797, no. 1 (January 2002): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1797-02.
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Highway traffic generates heavy metals and particulate matter through various vehicular and tire-pavement abrasion mechanisms. These abraded materials are deposited, they accumulate, and they are transported by storm water. Soils subject to years of such loading can serve as a sink and a potential source for heavy metals. The results of geotechnical analyses, heavy metal distributions, drainage influences, and correlations to geotechnical indices for surficial (0 to 15 cm) glacial till samples recovered from two transects along a heavily traveled urban interstate highway were compared with a control site subjected to only urban atmospheric deposition. This investigation indicated, for this site, that heavy metal accretion in the surficial soils is a function of depth, surface drainage patterns, distance from the pavement edge, and soil indices. Particulate-bound heavy metal deposition and accretion or export were a function of surface flow conditions such as velocity, flow depth, and surface cover. Results indicated that heavy metal accretion rapidly decreases as a function of distance from the traveled roadway. Along the longitudinal transect, correlations between heavy metals and soil organic content were statistically significant, particularly for copper. Along the transverse transect, correlations between soil plasticity, organic content, and heavy metals were statistically significant. Although there is little control of traffic levels and past accretion, indices such as soil organic content and plasticity index, as well as pavement runoff surface drainage patterns, can provide information about whether highway soils might act as a sink or source of heavy metals and, consequently, if best management practices may be justified.
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Morshed, AHMM, MA Farukh, and MA Sattar. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Farm and Urban Soil in Mymensingh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14798.
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A study was carried out to determine the status of heavy metals in farm and urban soils from intensively growing areas of Mymensingh. Sixty three soil samples were collected from 11 upazillas of Mymensingh. From these samples total amount of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn were tested. The soils were also analyzed for texture, pH and organic matter content. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn in farm soils were 19.64, 0.32, 39.80, 14.10, 1800.40, 135.66 ?g g-1, respectively and the mean concentrations of above metals in urban soils were 20.93, 0.37, 36.90, 28.85, 1810.08, 127.05 ?g g-1, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in farm soils were within the limit allowed for maximum acceptable concentration for satisfactory crop production. Heavy metals in urban soils were also below the limit considered as contaminated soil. Most of the heavy metals in both farm and urban soils were negatively correlated with sand and positively correlated with silt. There was no significant correlation between heavy metal content and soil pH or organic matter in both farm and urban soils with very few exceptions. Most of the heavy metals did not show any significant correlation with each other expect Fe which showed significant correlation with Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn and Cd for both farm and urban soils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14798 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 81-84 2012
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Manea, Alexandrina, Nicoleta Vrinceanu, Carmen-Alina Eftene, and Daniela Raducu. "The Heavy Metal Status of Some Agricultural Soils." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 12 (January 7, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.12.8382.
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In order to evaluate the loadings of some agricultural soils with heavy metals, field studies were made across the Iasi County. The heavy metals concentration range were as follows: 15.4 - 36 mg/kg (Cu), 49 - 115 mg/kg (Zn), 7.4 - 20.4 mg/kg (Pb), 0.13 - 0.43 mg/kg (Cd), 6.9 - 13.15 mg/kg (Co), 25 - 100 mg/kg (Ni) and 463 - 798 mg/kg (Mn), respectively. The median of the heavy metals decreased in the next order: Mn (589) ] Zn (67) ] Ni (46) ]Cu (22,1)]Pb (12.1)]Co (10.2)]Cd (0.32). The studied heavy metal median was higher than the same metal median from European soils. According to the Romanian legislation, the normal values are exceeding in 13% the samples for Zn, 73% for Cu, 93% for Ni, and in one case, the value of Ni exceeded the alert threshold (75 mg/kg). A direct relationship between Cu, Pb, Zn and Co was noticed, which may indicate a common source of these metals. The Pearson`s coefficients of these elements were: Pb-Cu (0.863), Cu-Zn (0.826), Pb-Zn (0.74), Cu-Co (0.730), Pb-Co (0.703). According to the values of Pearson correlation coefficient, the significant positive correlations were identified between Cu, Zn, Pb, Co and clay content, while the same metals are highly negative correlated with CaCO3 and fine sand contents. In case of Pb, Co, and Mn no influence of agricultural activities can be detected, wich suggestes that geogenic factors control the contents of these heavy metals. The Cu content exhibited a positive correlation with total Nitrogen, while the Cd content showed a positive significant relationship only with Km content. On the other hand, the Ni content exhibited correlation with both Pm and Km concentrations. The correlations of Cu-Nt, Cd-Km, Ni-Pm, and Ni-Km could be an index of the anthropogenic input of Cd, Cu, and Ni from the use of fertilizers.
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Zhou, Wenxiang, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Chao Song, Xiaoqiang Li, and Fairda Malem. "Vertical Distribution and Controlling Factors Exploration of Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo and Ba in Six Soil Profiles of The Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051745.
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Exploring the enrichment and controlling factors of heavy metals in soils is essential because heavy metals can cause severe soil contamination and threaten human health when they are excessively enriched in soils. Soil samples (total 103) from six soil profiles (T1 to T6) in the Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand, were collected for the analyses of the content of heavy metals, including Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Ba. The average contents of soil heavy metals decrease in the following order: Ba, V, Ni, Sc, Co, and Mo (T1, T3, T4 and T5); Ni, V, Ba, Co, Sc, Mo, and Ba (T2); Ba, V, Sc, Ni, Mo, and Co (T6). An enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index were calculated to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination in the soils. The EFs of these heavy metals in most samples range from 0 to 1.5, which reveals that most heavy metals are slightly enriched. Geoaccumulation indexes show that only the topsoil of T1 and T2 is slightly contaminated by Ba, Sc, Ni, and V. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH and soil texture are significantly positively correlated with most heavy metals, except for a negative correlation between soil pH and Mo content. In conclusion, the influence of heavy metals on soils in the study area is slight and SOC, soil pH, soil texture dominate the behavior of heavy metals.
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Mühlbachová, G., J. Száková, and P. Tlustoš. "The heavy metal availability in long-term polluted soils as affected by EDTA and alfalfa meal treatments." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 12 (November 26, 2012): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/524/2012-pse.
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A 38-day incubation experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the response of plant-available portions of heavy metals in long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils on addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal. Soils with different soil management (arable and grassland) from the vicinity of a lead smelter were used in the experiment. Readily available heavy metal fractions of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu increased in the presence of EDTA at the beginning of experiment. The increase of heavy metal availability was higher in the arable soil with lower content of soil organic carbon than in the grassland soil. Addition of EDTA increased content of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon which remained higher throughout the overall time of experiment. During the first part of the experiment, the alfalfa meal addition decreased the available metal concentrations in the EDTA-treated grassland soil whereas no effect of alfalfa meal was observed in EDTA-treated arable soil.
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Yang, Pingguo, Miao Yang, Renzhao Mao, and Hongbo Shao. "Multivariate-Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals for Agricultural Soils in Northern China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517020.
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The study evaluated eight heavy metals content and soil pollution from agricultural soils in northern China. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis approaches were used to determine the anthropogenic and natural contribution of soil heavy metal concentrations. Single pollution index and integrated pollution index could be used to evaluate soil heavy metal risk. The results show that the first factor explains 27.3% of the eight soil heavy metals with strong positive loadings on Cu, Zn, and Cd, which indicates that Cu, Zn, and Cd are associated with and controlled by anthropic activities. The average value of heavy metal is lower than the second grade standard values of soil environmental quality standards in China. Single pollution index is lower than 1, and the Nemerow integrated pollution index is 0.305, which means that study area has not been polluted. The semivariograms of soil heavy metal single pollution index fitted spherical and exponential models. The variable ratio of single pollution index showed moderately spatial dependence. Heavy metal contents showed relative safety in the study area.
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Borůvka, L., and O. Drábek. "Heavy metal distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 8 (December 10, 2011): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4041-pse.
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Soil organic matter is important in controlling heavy metal behaviour in soils. This study aims to determine the distribution of organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn between humic and fulvic acids in 20 samples of heavily polluted Fluvisols. Traditional procedure of alkaline sodium hydroxide/pyrophosphate extraction of humic substances with consequent humic acids precipitation by acidification was used. All of the three metals were bound predominantly on fulvic acids (mean share was 98.4, 82.0, and 95.7% of total organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn content, respectively). Mainly the level of pollution controlled the amount of metals bound on fulvic acids. On humic acids, a limited amount of specific sorption sites for the metals is expected. Lead content bound on humic acids was negatively correlated with soil pH. The results suggest relatively high potential mobility of organic fractions of heavy metals in soils under this study. The selectivity of alkaline extracting agent is briefly discussed.
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Silveira, Maria Lucia Azevedo, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, and Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. "Biosolids and heavy metals in soils." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 4 (December 2003): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400029.
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The application of sewage sludge or biosolids on soils has been widespread in agricultural areas. However, depending on their characteristics, they may cause increase in heavy metal concentration of treated soils. In general, domestic biosolids have lower heavy metal contents than industrial ones. Origin and treatment method of biosolids may markedly influence their characteristics. The legislation that controls the levels of heavy metal contents in biosolids and the maximum concentrations in soils is still controversial. In the long-term, heavy metal behavior after the and of biosolid application is still unknown. In soils, heavy metals may be adsorbed via specific or non-specific adsorption reactions. Iron oxides and organic matter are the most important soil constituents retaining heavy metals. The pH, CEC and the presence of competing ions also affect heavy metal adsorption and speciation in soils. In solution, heavy metals can be present either as free-ions or complexed with organic and inorganic ligands. Generally, free-ions are more relevant in environmental pollution studies since they are readily bioavailable. Some computer models can estimate heavy metal activity in solution and their ionic speciation. Thermodynamic data (thermodynamic stability constant), total metal and ligand concentrations are used by the GEOCHEM-PC program. This program allows studying heavy metal behavior in solution and the effect of changes in the conditions, such as pH and ionic strength and the application of organic and inorganic ligands caused by soil fertilization.
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Liu, Wei, Qiang Yu, Teng Niu, Linzhe Yang, and Hongjun Liu. "Inversion of Soil Heavy Metal Content Based on Spectral Characteristics of Peach Trees." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091208.
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There exists serious heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils in China. It is not only time- and labor-intensive to monitor soil contamination, but it also has limited scope when using conventional chemical methods. However, the method of the heavy metal monitoring of soil based on vegetation hyperspectral technology can break through the vegetation barrier and obtain the heavy metal content quickly over large areas. This paper discusses a highly accurate method for predicting the soil heavy metal content using hyperspectral techniques. We collected leaf hyperspectral data outdoors, and also collected soil samples to obtain heavy metal content data using chemical analysis. The prediction model for heavy metal content was developed using a difference spectral index, which was not highly satisfactory. Subsequently, the five factors that have a strong influence on the content of heavy metals were analyzed to determine multiple regression models for the elements As, Pb, and Cd. The results showed that the multiple regression model could better estimate the heavy metal content with stable fitting that has high prediction accuracy compared with the linear model. The results of this research provide a scientific basis and technical support for the hyperspectral inversion of the soil heavy metal content.
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Li, Yanhong, Huifen Kuang, Chunhua Hu, and Gang Ge. "Source Apportionment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soils around the Poyang Lake Region Using UNMIX Model." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2021): 5272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095272.
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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have caused the continuous discharge of heavy metals into the soils of China’s Poyang Lake region, where they pose a major threat to human health. Yet, the spatial characteristics of these heavy metals in farmland soils and their pollution sources in this region remain unclear. This study was conducted to document the pollution caused by heavy metals in the Poyang Lake region through sampling that consisted of the collection of 215 soil samples from agricultural fields. The UNMIX model provided identification of the sources causing heavy metal pollution and source contributions to soil pollution. ArcGIS was used to study the spatial distribution of the eleven heavy metals and to validate the apportionment of pollution sources provided by the UNMIX model. Soil concentrations of heavy metals were above the local background concentrations. The average content of eight heavy metals, including Cd, Mo, Zn, Cu, Sb, W, Pb, and Ni, was approximately 1–6 times greater than natural background levels (6.91, 2.0, 1.67, 1.53, 1.23, 1.38, 1.11, and 1.24, respectively), while the average content of V, Cr, and Co was lower than natural background levels. The average contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were all lower than the screening levels for unacceptable risks in agricultural land soils. The percentage of Cd content exceeded the risk screening value in all sampling sites, up to 55%, indicating that agricultural soils may significantly be affected by cadmium contamination. Five pollution sources of heavy metals were identified: natural sources, copper mine tailings, agricultural activities, atmospheric depositions, and industrial activities. The contribution rates of the pollution sources were 7%, 13%, 20%, 29%, and 31%, respectively. The spatial pattern of heavy metals was closely aligned with the outputs of the UNMIX model. The foregoing supports the utility of the UNMIX model for the identification of pollution sources of heavy metals, apportionment study, and its implementation in agricultural soils in the Poyang Lake region.
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Güleryüz, Gürcan, Hülya Arslan, Belgin İzgi, and Şeref Güçer. "Element Content (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the Ruderal Plant Verbascum olympicum Boiss. from East Mediterranean." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2006): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-5-610.
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In this study, heavy metal content (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined in soils and different organs of Verbascum olympicum Boiss. This species is endemic to Uludağ and spreads on destroyed areas such as: roadsides, developed building areas, ski lift stations and sheep folds. Soils and different organs (roots, stems, leaves and flowers) of plant samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for determining the element content. Heavy metal contents in soils and different organs in this species were highly correlated (P < 0.05). However, the contribution of plant organs to the accumulation capacity varied according to the metal. These results suggest that this species may be useful as a bioindicator for heavy metals.
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Li, Gui Xiang, Jin Ping Shao, Xiang Jing Fang, Jing Jing Ma, Li Ping He, Yong Chai, and Bo Bi. "Study on Heavy Metal Accumulation of Plantsin Gejiu Tin Mining Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1176.
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Based on determination of heavy metal contents in soils and plants, understanding pollution of heavy metal in soils and plants, as well as the heavy metal accumulation in plants, in order to provide scientific basis for phytoremediation of heavy metals in mining areas. The determination and analysis on the concent of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn was made in Niuba and southern mining area in Gejiu City. The result showed that the soil pollution from Cd is the most serious while the pollution from Zn was relative to minimum in Niuba abandoned mining area. In southern mining area, Pb in soil pollution was the most serious while Cu was relative to minimum Analysis on correlation between the heavy metal content in plants and soils was made based on the 5 plant samples (Pyracantha fortuneana, Zea mays, Acroptilon repens, Equisetum ramosissimum and Cucurbita moschata) collected from Niuba reclamation area and 5 plant samples (Corylus yunnanensis, Alnus nepalensis, Pyracantha fortuneana,Cupressus torulosa,Acacia dealbata) from recovery area of southern mining area. The results show that Pyracantha fortuneana has a better correlation with soil than other plants, Cucurbita moschata and soil have poor correlation, Corylus yunnanensis has better correlation with soil compared to other plants, Acacia dealbata has poor correlation with soil.
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Mühlbachová, G., and T. Šimon. "Effects of zeolite amendment on microbial biomass and respiratory activity in heavy metal contaminated soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 12 (December 11, 2011): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4190-pse.
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A laboratory incubation experiment with zeolite and glucose was performed to evaluate the effects of zeolite amendment in heavy metal contaminated soils from two smelter areas on some microbial characteristics [Kremikovtzi (K1, K2) in Bulgariaand Příbram (P1, P2) in the CzechRepublic]. The content of microbial biomass showed a tendency to decrease in Kremikovtzi soils whereas in Příbram soils no significant effects were found after zeolite amendment. Respiratory activity and metabolic quotient (qCO2) decreased on the second and third day in Kremikovtzi soils amended with zeolite, no effects were observed in Příbram soils. Heavy metals decreased the content of microbial biomass in Kremikovtzi soils whereas the contaminated soil from Příbram area had the highest microbial biomass compared to non-contaminated soil during incubation, probably due to lower mineralization of carbon. The respiratory activity did not show any significant effects of zeolites on the evolution of CO2 and qCO2 in heavy metal contaminated Příbram soil. The respiratory activity in non-contaminated Příbram soil remained during the experiment lower in comparison to contaminated one, however the addition of zeolite increased qCO2.
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Liu, Zhenhua, Ying Lu, Yiping Peng, Li Zhao, Guangxing Wang, and Yueming Hu. "Estimation of Soil Heavy Metal Content Using Hyperspectral Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121464.
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Quickly and efficiently monitoring soil heavy metal content is crucial for protecting the natural environment and for human health. Estimating heavy metal content in soils using hyperspectral data is a cost-efficient method but challenging due to the effects of complex landscapes and soil properties. One of the challenges is how to make a lab-derived model based on soil samples applicable to mapping the contents of heavy metals in soil using air-borne or space-borne hyperspectral imagery at a regional scale. For this purpose, our study proposed a novel method using hyperspectral data from soil samples and the HuanJing-1A (HJ-1A) HyperSpectral Imager (HSI). In this method, estimation models were first developed using optimal relevant spectral variables from dry soil spectral reflectance (DSSR) data and field observations of soil heavy metal content. The relationship of the ratio of DSSR to moisture soil spectral reflectance (MSSR) with soil moisture content was then derived, which built up the linkage of DSSR with MSSR and provided the potential of applying the models developed in the laboratory to map soil heavy metal content at a regional scale using hyperspectral imagery. The optimal relevant spectral variables were obtained by combining the Boruta algorithm with a stepwise regression and variance inflation factor. This method was developed, validated, and applied to estimate the content of heavy metals in soil (As, Cd, and Hg) in Guangdong, China, and the Conghua district of Guangzhou city. The results showed that based on the validation datasets, the content of Cd could be reliably estimated and mapped by the proposed method, with relative root mean square error (RMSE) values of 17.41% for the point measurements of soil samples from Guangdong province and 17.10% for the Conghua district at the regional scale, while the content of heavy metals As and Hg in soil were relatively difficult to predict with the relative RMSE values of 32.27% and 28.72% at the soil sample level and 51.55% and 36.34% at the regional scale. Moreover, the relationship of the DSSR/MSSR ratio with soil moisture content varied greatly before the wavelength of 1029 nm and became stable after that, which linked DSSR with MSSR and provided the possibility of applying the DSSR-based models to map the soil heavy metal content at the regional scale using the HJ-1A images. In addition, it was found that overall there were only a few soil samples with the content of heavy metals exceeding the health standards in Guangdong province, while in Conghua the seriously polluted areas were mainly distributed in the cities and croplands. This study implies that the new approach provides the potential to map the content of heavy metals in soil, but the estimation model of Cd was more accurate than those of As and Hg.
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Yudina, Elena Valerievna. "Methodological approaches to the assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban ecosystems soils." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763110.
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The paper presents the assessment of heavy metal pollution of Abakan soils, the main source of which is motor transport. The pollution assessment of the upper horizons soils located near four main highways of the city was conducted under established standards. The maximum concentration of elements was recorded in the area with very high traffic, which confirms the importance of the role of motor transport as the main source of pollutants. When calculating the total pollution index (Zc) all highways were in a dangerous category. A similar indicator calculated on the basis of the data content in the soil-forming rock, allowed us to determine the degree of pollution as moderately hazardous. Analysis of heavy metals content in soil profiles has allowed to establish in the upper soil horizons, a significant excess of gross and mobile forms of all elements at sites with very high and high degree of traffic load, which indicates intense аerogenic intake of pollutants. Determined the proportion of elements of anthropogenic origin and the fact of the uneven distribution of heavy metals in the soil profile and their concentration in different geochemical barriers. When determining causal relationships between heavy metal content and separate soil characteristics we have found a direct dependence on the following parameters: pH, humus, cation exchange capacity, carbon dioxide, carbonates, particle size distribution, and in some cases we can talk about complex influence of soil properties on the concentration of elements. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban ecosystems soils, using the data content of elements in soil-forming rock with the use of the profile approach is the most objective.
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Salinitro, Tassoni, Casolari, de Laurentiis, Zappi, and Melucci. "Heavy Metals Bioindication Potential of the Common Weeds Senecio vulgaris L., Polygonum aviculare L. and Poa annua L." Molecules 24, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152813.
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In recent years, heavy metals (HMs) levels in soil and vegetation have increased considerably due to traffic pollution. These pollutants can be taken up from the soil through the root system. The ability of plants to accumulate HMs into their tissues can therefore be used to monitor soil pollution. The aim of this study was to test the ruderal species Senecio vulgaris L., Polygonum aviculare L., and Poa annua L., as possible candidates for biomonitoring Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in multiple environments. The soils analyzed in this work came from three different environments (urban, woodland, and ultramafic), and therefore deeply differed for their metal content, texture, pH, and organic matter (OM) content. All urban soils were characterized by high OM content and presence of anthropogenic metals like Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu. Woodland soils were sandy and characterized by low metal content and low OM content, and ultramafic soils had high Ni and Cr content. This soil variability affected the bioindication properties of the three studied species, leading to the exclusion of most metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb) and one species (P. aviculare) due to the lack of linear relations between metal in soil and metal in plants. Senecio vulgaris and Poa annua, conversely, appeared to be good indicators of Ni in all the soils tested. A high linear correlation between total Ni in soil and Ni concentration in P. annua shoots (R2 = 0.78) was found and similar results were achieved for S. vulgaris (R2 = 0.88).
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Wang, Deng Feng, Hong Juan Wu, Jie Chen, Shi Xing Jiao, and Xue Min Dai. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Urban Roadside Soil with Set Pair Analysis and Geoaccumulation Index." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.960.
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The assessment of pollution levels of heavy metals soil contamination is significant to the health of human kind. Two methods, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), are applied to assess the urban roadside soil heavy metals pollution levels and compare the assessment results with Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis (FCA). The assessment results of SPA are inconsistent with the FCA. The ranks of roadside soil heavy metals, assessed by Igeo, indicate that the result of FCA is determined by most contaminated heavy metal, the SPA is determined by the contents distribution of all elements. The mean and standard deviation of heavy metal content in research soils are applied to establish an assessment standard and this method is also applicable if there is lower differentiation rate or no uniform standards.
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Provolo, Giorgio, Giulia Manuli, Alberto Finzi, Giorgio Lucchini, Elisabetta Riva, and Gian Sacchi. "Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082684.
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Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.
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Du, Lian Sheng, Yang Wang, Ji Hong Wang, Qiang Liu, Jing Jing Zhang, Cai Yun Sun, and Jing Shuang Liu. "Effects of Livestock Farms on Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soils." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1210.
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The farmland soils around three typical livestock farms in Jilin province were studied to elucidate the impact of farms on heavy metal pollution in surrounding farmland soils. The results showed that the average content of Cd was maximal in the soils around cattle farm (0.29 mg kg-1); the average value of Pb was highest in the soils around the pig farm; and Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr were all highest in the soils around the chicken farm. The distribution of heavy metals in the soils around different livestock farms varied greatly. The contents of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr decreased in the same order: chicken farm> pig farm > cattle farm, but Pb was pig farm> chicken farm> cattle farm, and Cd was cattle farm> pig farm> chicken farm. These results indicated that the livestock farms did not cause significant heavy metal pollution in its surrounding agricultural soils, but the accumulation of heavy metals caused by farms should arouse the attention.
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Petukhov, Alexander, Tatyana Kremleva, Galina Petukhova, and Nikolay Khritokhin. "Biochemical Responses of Medicinal Plant Tussilago farfara L. to Elevated Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soils of Urban Areas." Toxics 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9070171.
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This study was conducted in Tyumen (Russian Federation) to establish the effects of heavy metals’ (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cd) accumulation in soil and coltsfoot, as well as plants’ biochemical responses to such an accumulation. The mobile and acid-soluble heavy metal fractions in soils, and the heavy metal contents in plants, were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Pb concentrations in soils exceeded background values. Pb content at the battery manufacturing plant was above the maximum permitted concentration. The percentages of the mobile heavy metal fractions decreased in the following order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Fe. The greatest heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants was found at the battery manufacturing and metallurgical plants examined in our study. Heavy metals’ accumulation in the aboveground part of Tussilago farfara decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd. The accumulation of heavy metals stimulated the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments by 6–30%. Heavy metals provoked oxidative stress in cells, increasing the concentration of lipid peroxidation in products by up to 80%. Plant phenolics and flavonoids in the urban area of our study decreased compared to those in the control by 1.05, reaching up to 6.5 times. The change in coltsfoot catalase activity both increased and declined. Biochemical responses and heavy metal accumulation in coltsfoot from urban areas limit its use for medicinal purposes.
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Simard, R. R., S. Beauchemin, and M. R. Laverdière. "Limed sewage sludge effects on nutrient status and metal fractions in acidic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-021.
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The potential impacts of limed sludge on nutrient and heavy metal bioavailability must be studied for their safe use on acidic soils. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of limed sludges on six acidic soils from eastern Canada. CaCO3 and raw sewage sludges (RSS) stabilized with either CaO (CaO + S) or cement kiln dust (CKD + S) were added to soils in amount necessary to reach pH 6.5 and the mixtures were then incubated for 64 d. CaO + S treatments were the most efficient to neutralize soil acidity. After 10 d of incubation, the Sr-citrate extractable P was significantly increased by the CaO + S treatment in low P sorption soils. The extractable K, Zn and Cu contents were also slightly increased by CaO + S compared to CaCO3 whereas CKD + S resulted in an excessive soil exchangeable K content. After 64 d, labile Al content was decreased by all liming amendments. RSS and CaO + S tended to increase labile Cu and Mn contents. The RSS increased NaOH-extractable Cu but the treatments had no significant effects on the labile and stable forms of heavy metals. A combination of CaO + CKD to stabilize sewage sludge would be more suitable to provide appropriate levels of P and K without resulting in large increases in extractable heavy metal contents. Key words: pH, extractable P and K, cement kiln dust, Al and Mn toxicity, Cu fractions, water-soluble metals
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B, Minjmaa, and Oyunchimeg T. "Sources of heavy metal contamination in landfill soil covers of Ulaanbaatar." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 22, no. 03 (May 9, 2018): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v22i03.966.
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The aim of the study was to determine the source for contents of heavy metals in soils of landfill sites in Ulaanbaatar. Samples were collected from ash of the burned waste near the landfill sites to identify content of heavy metals such as plumbum, chromium, cadmium, nickel and zinc. There are total of 300 mg/kg chromium and 700 mg/kg zinc identified from ash of burned electrical wire, 1000 mg/kg plumbum is identified from the ash of burned tires. According to the comparison of heavy metal contents in landfill sites, landfill of industrial waste has higher content rate of chromium and cadmium than other landfill sites. These open burnings and industrial waste have considerable influences on contaminated soil with heavy metals. This is not only a source for soil contamination but also a risk to air and water pollution or resident health. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop waste management for human health and environmental protection.
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Erber, C., and P. Felix-Henningsen. "Heavy metal contents and mobility of artificially inundated grasslands along River Weser, Germany." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0873.
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At the beginning of the 20th century municipal wastewater was used to fertilize grassland in the freshwater marsh of the river Weser. In 1987, 150 ha of the marsh became part of a mitigation area with artificial inundation during winter and spring. Heavy metal input may be expected from former wastewater treatment and artificial flooding nowadays. In addition, inundation may increase the availability of heavy metals that were accumulated during municipal wastewater treatment. In order to get an idea of heavy metal content and availability, the content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the soil, the vegetation, and the input due to inundation were determined. Metal enrichment in the epipedon is evident for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Total content of Pb and Zn exceed the precaution limit. Soils treated with wastewater seems to contain more heavy metals than the ones without. Inundation causes an input of metals, but it is very low and varies in a broad range. Metal input is higher by atmospheric deposition than the one due to inundation. Degree of enrichment can be arranged in the order: atmospheric deposition > municipal wastewater >> inundation. In shallow ditch soils heavy metals are becoming more available.
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Oliveira, Vanessa de Souza, Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima, Alessandra Monteiro Salviano, Luís Henrique Bassoi, and Giuliano Elias Pereira. "HEAVY METALS AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL AND GRAPEVINE UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 1 (February 2015): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150284.
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Soils under natural conditions have heavy metals in variable concentrations and there may be an increase in these elements as a result of the agricultural practices adopted. Transport of heavy metals in soil mainly occurs in forms dissolved in the soil solution or associated with solid particles, water being their main means of transport. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal and micronutrient content in the soil and in the grapevine plant and fruit under different irrigation strategies. The experiment was carried out in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three irrigation strategies: full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), and deficit irrigation (DI). During the period of grape maturation, soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm. In addition, leaves were collected at the time of ripening of the bunches, and berries were collected at harvest. Thus, the heavy metal and micronutrient contents were determined in the soil, leaves, and berries. The heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the soil showed a stochastic pattern in relation to the different irrigation strategies. The different irrigation strategies did not affect the heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the vine leaves, and they were below the contents considered toxic to the plant. In contrast, the greater availability of water in the FI treatment favored a greater Cu content in the grape, which may be a risk to vines, causing instability and turbidity. Thus, adoption of deficit irrigation is recommended so as to avoid compromising the stability of tropical wines of the Brazilian Northeast.
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Medyńska-Juraszek, Agnieszka, Pierre-Adrien Rivier, Daniel Rasse, and Erik J. Joner. "Biochar Affects Heavy Metal Uptake in Plants through Interactions in the Rhizosphere." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155105.
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Heavy metals in soil pose a constant risk for animals and humans when entering their food chains, and limited means are available to reduce plant accumulation from more or less polluted soils. Biochar, which is made by pyrolysis of organic residues and sees increasing use as a soil amendment to mitigate anthropogenic C emissions and improve agronomic soil properties, has also been shown to reduce plant availability of heavy metals in soils. The cause for the reduction of metal uptake in plants when grown in soils enriched with biochar has generally been researched in terms of increased pH and alkalinity, while other potential mechanisms have been less studied. We conducted a pot experiment with barley using three soils differing in metal content and amended or not with 2% biochar made from Miscanthus x giganteus, and assessed plant contents and changes in bioavailability in bulk and rhizosphere soil by measuring extractability in acetic acid or ammonium nitrate. In spite of negligible pH changes upon biochar amendment, the results showed that biochar reduced extractability of Cu, Pb and Zn, but not of Cd. Rhizosphere soil contained more easily extractable Cu, Pb and Zn than bulk soil, while for Cd it did not. Generally, reduced plant uptake due to biochar was reflected in the amounts of metals extractable with ammonium nitrate, but not acetic acid.
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Lopushnyak, V., H. Hrytsulyak, O. Tonkha, O. Menshov, O. Pikovsʹka, and S. Sychevsʹkyy. "CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF OIL-POLLUTED AREAS OF PRE-CARPATHIAN." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 2 (93) (2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.93.09.
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The article highlights the results of research on the content of heavy metals in sod-podzolic soils of oil-contaminated areas of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Contamination of soils with petroleum products causes severe ecological consequences for ecosystems. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, underground part and vegetative mass of sylphia perforated in the conditions of cultivation in oil-contaminated areas. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils did not exceed the norms in all variants of the experiment. During the cultivation of Sylphia perfoliatum, it grew in a number: cadmium → nickel → cobalt → lead. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined, which reflects the change in the content of the element in the test soil relative to the content of metals in the background soil. The coefficients of concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals in oil-contaminated soil for the cultivation of perforated sylphia for the application of fertilizers based on sewage sludge and compost based on them increased in a number: cobalt → lead → nickel → cadmium. Peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in the vegetative mass of perforated sylphia have been established. Indices of intra-tissue heavy metal contamination of the root system of sylphia perforated with the introduction of sewage sludge increase in the following series: cadmium → nickel → lead → cobalt. The maximum indices of contamination of sylphia roots permeated with cadmium, nickel and cobalt are observed for the introduction into the soil of ERUs at a rate of 40 t / ha and N10P14K58, lead – for the application of compost at a rate of 30 t/ha and N30K55. The lowest indices of intratissue contamination with heavy metals of the roots of sylphia perfoliatum were noted for the application of fertilizer N60P60K60.
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Chowdhury, Md Akhter Hossain, Tanzin Chowdhury, and Md Arifur Rahman. "Heavy metal accumulation in tomato and cabbage grown in some industrially contaminated soils of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43198.
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Heavy metal accumulation in environmental compartments is a potential risk to the living system because of their uptake by plants and subsequent introduction into the food chain. A study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal contents in industrially contaminated soils collected from six different locations of Dhaka and Mymensingh districts and their effects on two important vegetables namely tomato and cabbage. Pot experiment was conducted using contaminated soils at the net house of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The higher level of heavy metal contents was found in the soil samples of Hajaribag and Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ). The highest Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Fe contents were 59.45, 18.79, 67.57, 40.81 and 1619.61 µg g−1 which were much above the recommended level except Cu contents. The highest yield of vegetables was obtained grown in Maskanda soil of Mymensingh district and the lowest from DEPZ soil of Dhaka. The highest Ni, Cr and Fe contents were 8.91, 7.22, 419.65 µg g−1, respectively in tomato fruits grown in the soil of Hajaribag whereas the highest Cu content (3.38 µg g−1) was obtained from Seedstore soil, Mymensingh and highest Cd content (2.88 µg g−1) was from Mitford ghat soil, Dhaka. In cabbage, the highest Ni (17.52 µg g−1) and Fe (411.25 µg g−1) contents were found in the soils of DEPZ whereas the highest Cr (9.17 µg g−1), Cd (3.52 µg g−1) and Cu (8.51 µg g−1) were obtained in the plants grown in the soils of Hajaribag, Mitford ghat and Maskanda, respectively. Concentrations of all the tested heavy metals except Cu in both vegetables were above the maximum allowable limit prescribed by the World Health Organization. Among the metals, the accumulation of Ni was found as higher amount (0.39 and 0.71 for tomato and cabbage, respectively) based on plant concentration factor or transfer factor. The results showed a positive correlation between concentration of the metals present in soils and in vegetables and the highest correlation was found with Cr in tomato and Fe in cabbage. However, both the soils and grown vegetables were consistently observed to pose a risk to human health. So, it can be recommended that government should take necessary action so that heavy metals used in the industries cannot come into the nearby agricultural field to ensure food safety as well as food security.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 288–294, 2019
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Shevchenko, A. V., I. G. Budzanivska, T. P. Shevchenko, and V. P. Polischuk. "Stress caused by plant virus infection in presence of heavy metals." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10522-pps.
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Due to increased heavy metal content in Ukrainian soils, purpose of the work was to study relations between presence of heavy metals in soil and their effect on development of phytoviral infection. Experiments were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum – Potato virus X model system. Soluble salts of Cu, Zn and Pb were deposited in soil separately at the limiting concentrations simultaneously with virus infection of plants. Infected plants grown on usual soil showed symptoms of disease on 16 dpi as well as plants grown on soil with metals deposited. Contrary, combined effect of heavy metals and virus infection caused an increase of chlorophyll content comparing with control plants, therefore effect of heavy metals partially compensated the effect of virus infection on experimental plants.
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Kazantsev, Ivan Victorovich, and Tatyana Borisovna Matveeva. "Contents of heavy metals in the soil cover in the conditions of technogenesis." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20161107.
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The paper examines pollution of soils with heavy metals under technogenic impact. The ways and means of pollutants receipt in soils and their accumulation in soils located in the drainage of railway are described. The role of roadside forest belts on the distribution of pollutants is examined. Determination of heavy metals content in soils was carried out by the x-ray fluorescence method. The results of heavy metal soil pollution in comparison with Clarke value, maximum permissible concentration and regional background levels are represented. The study of heavy metals content was carried out in the soils of right-of-way on the Samara-Syzran section of the Kuibyshev railway, as well as in suburban forests and urban parks of Samara (Botanical garden, Country Park). These areas are exposed to significant anthropogenic impact. Studies have shown that in these areas an increased content of some heavy metals in soils is observed. The main elements present in anthropogenic flows of pollution are copper, nickel, chromium, zinc and lead. This result does not contradict the standard environmental situation. These materials can serve as a basis for further monitoring of suburban forests of Samara green zone and transport facilities
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Lyngdoh, E. A. S., and Sanjay Swami. "Potential screening of photoremediating crops and performance of maize in photoremediated coal mined acid soil with phosphorus application." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-283.
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Aim: To assess the ability of phosphorus to counteract harmful effects of heavy metals by reducing their concentration and increasing the maize yield. Methodology: Bulk surface soil sample (0-15 cm) was collected from heavy metal polluted soil of coal mine areas of Sutnga. Two pot experiments were conducted. Ten kg capacity pots were laid out for three phytoremediating crop and replicated 33 times. The processed soil was used for filling the pots. The first pot experiment was conducted to assess the phytoremediation efficiency of Helianthus annus and Vigna ungniculata on heavy metal polluted soil. Thereafter in the second pot experiment Zea mays L. was planted in pots maintained under experiment 1 and subsequently eleven levels of phosphorus i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mg P kg-1 soil were super imposed in non-phytoremediated soil, phytoremediated soils through SSP. The elemental uptake and concentration of available phosphorus and heavy metal was determined.? Results: From the first pot culture experiment, it was observed that heavy metals content in soil after harvesting of phytoremediating crops reduced significantly in both the phytoremediated soils as compared to non-phytoremediated soil. From the second pot experiment it was observed that phosphorus as well as the heavy metals concentration and uptake in maize decreased significantly with increasing doses of phosphorus added in non phytoremediated soil.? Interpretation: This study clearly indicates that sunflower can be successfully grown as a phytoremediating crop in coal mine affected soils of Jaintia hills for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils.
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Sándor, Gábor, and György Szabó. "Influence of human activities on the soils of Debrecen, Hungary." Soil Science Annual 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2014-0001.
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Abstract Soil profiles of the city centre of Debrecen were investigated in order to examine their properties and investigate the vertical distribution of heavy metals as a measure the anthropogenic activity. During the laboratory work the basic soil features were identified (texture, artefact content, pH, CaCO3, and amounts of organic matter). Furthermore, contents of Pb, Zn, Cu and Co in the soils were measured. Most of the metals showed a strong positive correlation with the humus content and the silt fraction. The soils of the city centre are exposed to a significant anthropogenic effect, therefore the original soil morphologies are usually difficult to identify. The soil profiles are greatly disturbed, which is traceable in the vertical distribution of certain soil features and metal contents.
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Tang, Qiang, Peixin Shi, Yu Zhang, Wei Liu, and Lei Chen. "Strength and Deformation Properties of Fiber and Cement Reinforced Heavy Metal-Contaminated Synthetic Soils." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 19, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5746315.
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Heavy metals are not only hazardous to environment and public health, but they degrade the physicochemical and biological properties of soils increasing difficulty to the redevelopment of contaminated sites. This study proposes a method for reinforcing contaminated soils with fiber and cement. The feasibility of using wheat straw as fiber reinforcement is discussed. The strength of heavy metal-contaminated soil reinforced with wheat straw and cement is investigated through laboratory testing. Twelve groups of soil samples were prepared at three fiber contents (i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight), three water contents (i.e., 9%, 12%, and 15%), and three cement contents (i.e., 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight). Unconfined compression strength (UCS) was tested after 28 days of curing period and various freeze-thaw cycles. The testing results show that the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles results in the decrease of UCS. The inclusion of fiber reinforcement within cemented soil causes an increase in the UCS and changes the brittle behavior of cemented soil to a more ductile one. The UCS of the fiber-reinforced soils first increases, then decreases with the increase of water content, and reaches the maximum value at the optimum moisture content.
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Petukhov, A. S., T. A. Kremleva, N. A. Khritokhin, G. A. Petukhova, and P. I. Kaidunova. "HEAVY METAL (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd) CONCENTRATION IN SOILS OF TYUMEN." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-1/19.
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Toxic heavy metals contaminating soil get accumulated by plants, cause degradation of plant communities, and eventually penetrate human bodies with food. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the content of heavy metal in soils in urban areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in soils of Tyumen. Top soil was sampled at the semi-clean control site near a highway, and at sites near metallurgical, motor-building, oil-refining and battery-manufacturing facilities in Tyumen, Russia. The concentration of active and acid-soluble forms of heavy metals was determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. All the soil samples from urban areas were polluted with Fe. The samples collected near the battery manufactory and the metallurgical plant were contaminated with Pb and Zn, respectively, with maximum allowable concentration exceeded. The Cu, Mn and Zn content in most soil samples was higher than that in the control sample. The Cd content in all samples was at the lower limit of detection. The average percentages of active forms of Mn and Zn in soils were the highest among all the studied metals. The most intense accumulation of all heavy metals was observed near the battery manufactory and the metallurgical plant. The obtained results can be useful for environmental monitoring in Tyumen.
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Buzatu, Gilda-Diana, and Ana Maria Dodocioiu. "Study of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Two Localities in Dolj County." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0052.
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Abstract The study was conducted in two neighboring localities located in the northern county of Dolj, namely Murgasi and Bulzesti. The purpose of the study was twofold: namely, the study of heavy metal loading in order to identify possible pollution areas and to know the soil content of these localities in heavy metals in order to be able to give the verdict on the use of sludge from Craiova wastewater treatment plant as fertilizer on these soils. In order to determine the suitability of sewage sludge from the Craiova wastewater treatment plant as a fertilizer, physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the soils in these areas were analysed, as well as the chemical composition of sludge, according to Order 344/2004 of the Ministry of Environment and Water Management of Romania, respectively 13 physical and chemical parameters of the soils in these localities and the chemical composition of the sludge and respectively the quantity of heavy metals to be introduced annually into the soil by using it.
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Campillo-Cora, Claudia, Manuel Conde-Cid, Manuel Arias-Estévez, David Fernández-Calviño, and Flora Alonso-Vega. "Specific Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Soils: Individual and Competitive Experiments." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081113.
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The partitioning between the soil solid phase and the soil solution determines the mobility of pollutants like heavy metals. If nonspecific sorption takes place, the reactions are easily reversible and heavy metals are released to soil solution increasing the probability of leaching through soil profile. Mobility and leaching are also favoured if other metals are in the system and competition for specific adsorption sites takes place. In this study, desorption equilibrium experiments were conducted after adsorption ones. The specific adsorption was evaluated through the amounts of the still adsorbed Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn after desorption experiments in ten different soils. In addition, competition adsorption and desorption binary experiments were conducted for evaluating the metal competition in three of the soils. Pb and Cu are the metals adsorbed and retained in higher amounts in all the studied soils. In slightly neutral soils, Cr is retained in lesser amounts while in acidic soils Zn is the metal less retained. Results showed that despite the high and variable amounts of organic matter in the soils, soil pH is the most important variable in neutral soils. In acidic soils, soil properties different than pH play important roles and specific sorption of Pb is related to the cationic exchange capacity of the soils while that of Zn to the clay content. Instead, the release of Cu during desorption experiments is probably due to the more soluble organic fraction of the soils. The individual retention of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb is higher than when they are in competition, except if Cr is present. In this case, the amount of those four metals and that of Cr increased. Therefore, the presence of Cr together with cationic heavy metals favoured the adsorption of those metals in multi-metal polluted areas. Specific adsorption is also important during competition as soil affinities increase during competition experiments.
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Sugito, Heri, Ali Khumaeni, and Qidir Maulana Binu Soesanto. "Rapid Detection Of Heavy Metals On Waste-Water Polluted Soils Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Journal of Physics and Its Applications 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpa.v2i2.7520.
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The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method was successfully used to detect heavy metal elements in the soil polluted by wastewater from paper mills. The study was conducted using a Nd: YAG pulse laser with a wavelength of 532 nm at 83 mJ energy and 5 torr air pressure. The laser is fired at a soil sample that has been made in the form of pellets to produce plasma. The plasma emission spectrum formed is then detected by multichannel analyzer (OMA) to obtain the emission line spectrum that represents the content of atoms and molecules in the soil sample. The spectrum detected by OMA is then compared to the standard reference spectrum at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) to find out the contents of an element on a contaminated soil sample. several types of heavy metal elements Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Cd and Mn in soils contaminated by wastewater were detected using LIBS method. Based on research results, the LIBS method is very well used for the detection of heavy metal content in polluted soils.
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Nevidomskaya, Dina, Tatiana Minkina, Yuri Fedorov, Olga Nazarenko, Natalya Kravtsova, and Yuri Litvinov. "Integral assessment of heavy metal pollution in Don River estuary soils." E3S Web of Conferences 169 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016901007.
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Based on the cumulative pollution index, spatial distribution maps were obtained to establish categories of soil pollution taking into account the total content of heavy metals and the mobile forms of metals in the Don River estuarine region. The objects of the study included samples of zonal soils (Chernozem) and intrazonal soils (Fluvisols) from monitoring plots. The total concentrations of Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the soils were determined by X-ray fluorescent scanning spectrometer. Mobile heavy metals compounds were transferred to a solution by extraction of 1 N NH4Ac, pH 4.8. When calculating the total metal content, it was shown the studied soils had generally an acceptable pollution category but taking into account mobile forms the categories of soils contamination variate up acceptable to extremely dangerous. The most polluted sites are associated with the estuary of small rivers and the branches flowing into the Taganrog Bay, the territory of the Taganrog port and its terminals, and road bridges. In line with hight categories of pollution, the use of the soils for cropping should be limited, and the cultivation of concentrator plants is excluded.
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Silva, Hugo Félix, Nelson Frade Silva, Cristina Maria Oliveira, and Manuel José Matos. "Heavy Metals Contamination of Urban Soils—A Decade Study in the City of Lisbon, Portugal." Soil Systems 5, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020027.
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There is an intense and continuous growth of the world population living in cities. This increase in population means an increase in car traffic, an increase in new constructions and an increase in the production of waste that translates into an intensive use of land, particularly in terms of soil contaminants. Among other environmental contaminants, toxic metals, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) represent a public health problem. In this study the content of toxic metals in Lisbon’s (Portugal) soils was determined. The study was conducted over approximately a decade in six city locations, with a total of about 700 samples. Each site has different urban characteristics: traffic zone, residential area, urban park and mixed areas. The study allowed to verify the heterogeneity of metal content values in the city soils and their dependence on local traffic. Metal contents were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). For each site the geo-accumulation index, pollution factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index and ecological risk factor were calculated. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in soils were 0.463, 44.0, 46.6 and 5.73 mg/kg of dry soil, respectively. In the last year of the study the values were 0.417, 51.5, 62.4 and 8.49 mg/kg of dry soil, respectively. Cd and Ni exceeded the typical content values of these metals in the earth’s crust, indicating their anthropogenic origin. The correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between Cr and Ni, Cd and Ni and Cd and Pb contents in the city soils. Regarding the results obtained in this long monitoring campaign, Lisbon’s soils can be considered as having low levels of pollution by these metals.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Heavy metals in soils and mosses-epiphytes of the Leninsky district of the city Izhevsk." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 46 (July 15, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20214402.
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The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of heavy metal pollution of soils and epiphytes in of the city of Izhevsk. Objects of research: soils of near-trunk circles of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and epiphytic moss of Schreber's pleurotium (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. Ex Brid.) Mitt.). To assess the pollution, the magnetic susceptibility of soils and mosses was determined, as well as the average total content of heavy metals in the samples under study. The relationship between the content of heavy metals and the magnetic susceptibility of soils and epiphytes has been determined. A correlation was revealed between the total content of Zn, Cr, Fe, V in soils and in mosses, which indicates air pollution of soils. Keywords: MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY, HEAVY METALS, MOSSES-EPIPHYTES, AIR POLLUTION
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Coscione, Aline Renée, Cleide Aparecida de Abreu, and Gláucia Cecília Gabrielli dos Santos. "Chelating agents to solubilize heavy metals from Oxisols contaminated by the addition of organic and inorganic residues." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 1 (February 2009): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000100009.
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Phytoremediation is an attractive technique for soils contaminated with heavy metals, especially in conjunction with chelating agents to assist metal phytoextraction. Nevertheless, their studies in Brazil are rare. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the chelating agents EDDS and EDTA for the solubilization of heavy metals from two Oxisols contaminated by organic sources in Jaguariúna (LVJ) and inorganic sources in Paulínia (LVP), São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. First, the soil samples were fractionated and the DTPA method was used to quantify heavy metals available forms. The results indicated that the metals were highly available in the soil fractions and could be solubilized by the chelating agents. The soil was suspended for 24 h in a chelating agent solution (EDTA or EDDS) at rates of 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg kg-1 of soil. The concentration of solubilized heavy metals was determined in the resulting solution. The extent of metal solubilization varied according to soil type, the chelating agent added and the specific metal. The amount of iron solubilized, as compared to the total iron (LVJ) was 11% (EDTA) and 19% (EDDS). EDDS solubilized more Cu than EDTA in both soils but more Ni in LVJ, while EDTA solubilized more Zn in both soils but more Cd in LVP. Both EDTA and EDDS may be useful for phytoextraction from soils, although the iron content is an important factor regarding the phytoextraction of heavy metals with chelating agents in Oxisols.
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DEMİR, Yasin. "THE EFFECTS OF THE APPLICATIONS OF ZEOLITE AND BIOCHAR TO THE SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER ON THE HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS OF THE SOILS AND LEACHING WATERS FROM THE SOILS." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2021/016/169.
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The reuse of wastewaters for agricultural irrigation is a method used in arid and semi-arid regions. The heavy metal accumulation in soils caused by wastewaters and the heavy metals transported by the waters leaching into the underground from these soils are important environmental issues. The study investigates the effects of Biochar (Bc) and Zeolite (Zt) applications on the heavy metal accumulation in soils (entisol and vertisol) that were irrigated with treated urban wastewater (TWW). The effects of Bc and Zt on the heavy metal concentrations of the leaching water (LW) from the soils were investigated as well. In the study, increasing doses of Bc (1%, 2%, and 4%) and Zt (5%, 10%, and 20%) were mixed into two soil classes of heavy- and fine-textured soils. The mixtures were irrigated with TWW at certain intervals. At the end of the trial, the chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) contents of the samples collected from the soils and leaching irrigation waters were determined. The results revealed that Bc and Zt caused heavy metal accumulation in both soil classes, while they decreased the heavy metal concentrations of the LW. The adsorbents are commonly used as soil amendments and have been determined to cause heavy metal accumulation in soils but reduced the heavy metal concentrations in waters by serving as filters.
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Stajkovic-Srbinovic, Olivera, Aneta Buntic, Natasa Rasulic, Djordje Kuzmanovic, Zoran Dinic, Dusica Delic, and Vesna Mrvic. "Microorganisms in soils with elevated heavy metal concentrations in southern Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 4 (2018): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180504034s.
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Soil chemical properties and total heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn) and their relationships with some soil microbiological characteristics (such as soil respiration and numbers of specific groups of microorganisms) were evaluated in agricultural soils in southern Serbia. In 42% of samples, slightly elevated concentrations of As, Ni and/or Pb were detected, with the highest values of 43.4, 64.4 and 184.1 mg/kg, respectively. No significant differences were observed in soil microbiological characteristics between soil samples with elevated heavy metals and heavy metals below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). There was no negative correlation between any of the heavy metals and any microbiological characteristics, except the total number of fungi and the concentration of Ni (r=-394). Positive correlations between most of the heavy metals and the number of Azotobacter were obtained. Correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the chemical properties of the soil are the factors that affected the number of microorganisms the most. The content of CaCO3 significantly contributed to variations in soil respiration (39%), the total number of microorganisms was affected the most by humus (53%), oligonitrophiles by the total N content (49%), while the numbers of actinomycetes and fungi were affected by the pH (48% and 58% of the variation).
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Wani, P. A., M. S. Khan, and A. Zaidi. "Impact of heavy metal toxicity on plant growth, symbiosis, seed yield and nitrogen and metal uptake in chickpea." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 6 (2007): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05369.
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Experiments were conducted to investigate the phytotoxic effects of heavy metals on chickpea, grown in unsterilised soils. Cadmium at 23 mg/kg soil, when used alone or in combination with other metals, was found to be the most toxic and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the plant growth, nodulation, chlorophyll content, and root and shoot N contents. Cadmium (23 mg/kg soil) and lead (390 mg/kg soil) reduced the number of nodules by 69.2 and 13.7%, respectively. Cadmium at 5.75 and 11.5 mg/kg soil decreased the seed yield by 14 and 19%, respectively, compared with the control. In contrast, lead at 97.5 and 195 mg/kg soil increased the seed yield by 12.3 and 8.8%, respectively, above the control. Generally, the chlorophyll content decreased with increasing rates of each metal. The root and shoot N content decreased by 33.3 and 30.7% at 23 mg/kg of cadmium, whereas lead at 390 mg/kg soil increased the root and shoot N content by 10 and 3%, respectively, above the control. The grain protein decreased gradually with increasing rates of each metal. An average maximum reduction (27%) in grain protein was observed with mixtures of 23 mg cadmium + 135 mg chromium + 580.2 mg nickel per kg soil. Flowering in chickpea plants was delayed following metal application. The degree of toxicity of heavy metals on the measured parameters decreased in the following order: cadmium, zinc, nickel, copper, chromium, then lead. Accumulation of heavy metals was higher in the roots relative to the shoots of chickpea and was significantly correlated with the concentration of the metals added to the soil.
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Chang, Yao-Tsung, Zeng-Yei Hseu, and Franz Zehetner. "Evaluation of Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals to Chinese Cabbage (Brassica chinensisL.) in Rural Soils." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309396.
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This study compared the extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn by 8 extraction protocols for 22 representative rural soils in Taiwan and correlated the extractable amounts of the metals with their uptake by Chinese cabbage for developing an empirical model to predict metal phytoavailability based on soil properties. Chemical agents in these protocols included dilute acids, neutral salts, and chelating agents, in addition to water and the Rhizon soil solution sampler. The highest concentrations of extractable metals were observed in the HCl extraction and the lowest in the Rhizon sampling method. The linear correlation coefficients between extractable metals in soil pools and metals in shoots were higher than those in roots. Correlations between extractable metal concentrations and soil properties were variable; soil pH, clay content, total metal content, and extractable metal concentration were considered together to simulate their combined effects on crop uptake by an empirical model. This combination improved the correlations to different extents for different extraction methods, particularly for Pb, for which the extractable amounts with any extraction protocol did not correlate with crop uptake by simple correlation analysis.
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Alapi, Krisztina, and Zoltán Győri. "Investigations on Mud on Heavy Metal Contaminated Flood-Plain of Tisza." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3473.
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At the beginning of the year 2000 subsequently to a mine accident high heavy metal content mud entered the catchment area of the Tisza and was transported through the whole Hungarian section of the river. The majority of the heavy metals had been bounded to the floating sediment that was deposited on the flood-plain soil during flood forming a new, 5-10 cm thick layer. In the mud samples collected after the flood there was a clearly visible dark grey layer with significantly higher heavy metal content that was formed by the pollution wave and it was sorruonded by a light layer. The upper layer of flood-plain soils are formed from this mud layer during the soil development process, so the amount of Lakanen-Erviö soluble heavy metals that correlate with bioavailable heavy metal content was examined as well. In this case only the lead content was significantly higher in the dark layer.New mud samples were collected after the 2001 flood. Separate layers could not have been identified, their colour was similar to those of the previous year’s light layers’. Comparing to this light layer the total Zn and Lakanen-Erivö soluble metal content was significantly lower in the mud samples of the year 2001. While the proportions of total and Lakanen-Erviö soluble metal concentrations were equal in both of the layers regarding the elements, these ratios have significantly changed next year regarding Pb and Zn: the amount of Lakanen-Erviö soluble metals considerably decreased.As a result of sequential extraction the heavy metal content was rather low in the water soluble and exchangeable and NaOH-soluble fractions, so heavy metals found in the mud could be released in greater amount only in case of a heavy acidification.
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Jiang, Bin Hui, Li Jiang, Li Li Fu, Chang Qi Yao, Yong Gang Huang, and Wei Dong Wang. "Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1494.
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The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index