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1
Madaras, M., and M. Koubová. "Potassium availability and soil extraction tests in agricultural soils with low exchangeable potassium content." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, no. 5 (May 20, 2015): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8190-pse.
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Madaras, M., and M. Koubová. "Potassium availability and soil extraction tests in agricultural soils with low exchangeable potassium content." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 5 (June 6, 2016): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/171/2015-pse.
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Najafi-Ghiri, M., and A. Abtahi. "Potassium fixation in soil size fractions of arid soils." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/52/2012-swr.
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Amounts of potassium (K) fixed in soil fractions of 10 calcareous soils of southern Iran were measured to evaluate the contributions of different soil size fractions to K fixation. Soil particles were fractionated after dispersion of the soils with an ultrasonic probe. Potassium fixation analysis was done by addition of 1000 mg K/kg samples. Mineralogy of the size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction. The clay fractions were dominated by smectite, chlorite, mica, and palygorskite. Potassium fixation capacities ranged from 104 to 148 mg/kg for clay, from 102 to 155 mg/kg for silt, and from 96 to 187 mg/kg for sand fractions. A positive and significant relationship (P < 0.05) was obtained between K fixation capacity and smectite content for the clay fractions. High amounts of K fixed in the sand fraction may be explained by a larger diffusion path of fixed K out of the frayed edges of micaceous and smectitic minerals into the extracting solution, low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the coarse fraction and thereby the high concentration gradient along solution and interlayers, physical entrapment of K ions in coarse aggregates cemented by carbonates, and by the presence of clay particles in coarse fractions due to incomplete dispersion of coarse aggregates.
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Jakab, Anita. "The ammonium lactate soluble potassium and phosphorus content of the soils of north-east Hungary region: a quantifying study." DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy 1, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.2.
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Half of the orchards of Hungary are in Szatmár-Bereg County. The county is in North-east Hungary. The total area of this micro region (5936 km²) covers 6.6% of the country’s overall territory (90 030 km2). The most common soil types of the planted areas in Szatmár and Bereg region are acidic meadow (WRB Vertisol) and acidic sediment (WRB Fluvisol) soils, while sandy (WRB Arenosol) soils dominate the neighboring area (Nyírség). In this study several chemical parameters were investigated, including ammonium lactate (AL) soluble phosphorus and potassium content of soils of fruit plantations. Ammonium soluble phosphorus and potassium contents of soils are represent determining the current amount of phosphorus and potassium available to plants in the soil solution. We established nutrient deficiency caused by acidification of soils and the need for rational fertilization of the soils in the region. Results of soil analysis can contribute to sustainable soil and land use by considering soil and plant nutrient requirements.
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Samadi, A., B. Dovlati, and M. Barin. "Effect of continuous cropping on potassium forms and potassium adsorption characteristics in calcareous soils of Iran." Soil Research 46, no. 3 (2008): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07156.
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The potassium (K) status of 5 major soil types, under sugar beet cultivation for 35–40 years, and adjoining virgin lands were compared. Fifty-nine paired surface soil samples belonging to 24 soil series from the major sugar beet growing areas in Western Azarbaijan province located in the north-west of Iran were studied to ascertain whether relative K form sizes and K adsorption behaviour of the soils are being changed by long-term cropping. The samples were analysed for soil physical and chemical properties, mineralogy of clay fraction, different forms of K, and K adsorption characteristics. The soils are alkaline and calcareous. The K-bearing mineral illite is the dominant clay mineral in Typic calcixerepts, Typic haploxerepts, and Typic endoaquepts, whereas in Vertic calcixerepts and Vertic endoquepts, the clay mineralogy is dominated by smectite. A highly significant relationship (r2 = 77, P ≤ 0.001) was observed between CEC and smectite content. No changes in K-bearing minerals were detected due to cropping and K depletion. Soil solution K (So-K) constituted 1.7% of exchangeable K (Ex-K) and 1.4% of non-exchangeable K (NEx-K) for the cultivated soils and 1.8% of Ex-K and 2% of NEx-K for the adjacent virgin land. A pronounced significant decline (P ≤ 0.001) in the Ex-K content from 507 to 270 mg/kg (a drop of 45%) and a less significant degree (P ≤ 0.05) in the So-K content from 28 to 12 mg/L (a drop of 55%) were detected in the soil series of Typic calcixerepts as a result of long-term cropping. Continuous sugar beet cropping did not result in changes in the NEx-K contents in any soils except in Vertic endoaquepts containing low illite. A highly significant positive relationship (r2 = 0.79, P ≤ 0.001) was observed between values of NEx-K and illite contents, indicating that this form of K is mainly released from the frayed edges of illite. Paired t-test revealed that continuous sugar beet cultivation increased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) K adsorption in Typic calcixerepts, Typic haploxerepts, and Vertic endoaquepts, where exchangeable K was decreased as a result of intensive cultivation.
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Zakharova, I. A., and Kh S. Iumashev. "PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM RESERVES IN THE MAIN TYPES OF ZONAL SOILS OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 24, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-56-3-38-45.
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One of the most important tasks of land monitoring is to control the content of gross and mobile forms of basic nutrients in soils. The phosphate-potassium regime of the soil depends not only on its type and the geochemical composition of the soil-forming rock, but also on the landscape and the level of chemicalization of the soil. The low content of phosphorus in the soil in the main area of agricultural land limits the productivity of agrocenoses. The reserves of potassium in the soils of the region are quite high. However, monitoring of this indicator is still important. A comparative assessment of the phosphate-potassium regime of arable land and virgin lands under the same soilforming process is of scientific and practical interest. According to the research results, it has been established that black soils have the highest reserves level of gross and mobile forms of phosphorus. Dark gray mountain-forest soils have the lowest one. A widespread decrease in the reserves of mobile phosphorus in agricultural soils was revealed. This tendency is especially pronounced in dark gray mountain forest soils, ordinary and southern black soils. According to the results of monitoring, it was revealed that the reserves of exchangeable potassium in the main area of arable land and virgin land are gradually increased. In the dark gray mountain-forest soils, as well as leached black soils for five rounds of the survey, the reserves of exchangeable potassium decreased. It is necessary to adjust the dose of fertilizers into the farms with updated information on the agrochemical properties of the soil, taking into account the content of phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer. Also it is of great importance to take into account their removal with the crop and the utilization rate of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers.
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Ivanova, Natalia Nikolaevna, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin, Aleksandr Nikiphorovich Danilov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy. "Agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of Insar river flood." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp8-12.
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Studies show that the most fertile are the granular soils of the Central floodplain of the Insar river. They have high humus content in the upper horizons – 4.6-7.6 %. Down the profile, the humus content gradually decreases, but remains relatively high: at a depth of 60-70 cm – 4.0 %. The humus content in alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils is much lower. The active reaction of these soils is neutral or slightly acidic, since the river and groundwater of the Insar floodplain are medium mineralized and belong to the class of bicarbonate. The hydrolytic acidity of the alluvial granular soil of the Insar floodplain is 1.6-3.0 mg / 100 g of soil. The values of hydrolytic acidity of alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils are higher: 2.6-3.6 and 1.8–3.2 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely saturated with bases: 91-97 %. The studied alluvial granular soils of the Insar floodplain are characterized by an average content of available phosphorus. In granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils, the amount of this element is slightly less and is 7.0–5.1 and 7.4–5.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The most potassium-rich alluvial granular soil in the floodplain of the Insar river, where the content of this element in the upper layers is characterized as high: 16.5–27.6 mg/100 g of soil. In the sod layer of granular-layered soil, potassium availability is average: 9.5-15.4 mg / 100 g of soil. In the turf layer of meadow-marsh soils, potassium content is observed for most crops (8.0-10.4 mg / 100 g of soil), with depth it decreases.
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Mao, Ying Ming, Gui Ru Xu, and Xiao Yu Pan. "Physicochemical Property and Nutrient Status of Soils in Urban Green Spaces in Xuzhou, China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3102.
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Soil physicochemical properties and the nutrient status of urban green spaces (UGS) in Xuzhou were analyzed. The results show that the soil pH is neutral to alkaline. Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) content was low but variable, which is mainly attributed to the disturbance of anthropogenic activity. The distributions of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively uniform but those of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium are highly dispersed. In addition, available phosphorus shows the most significant variation. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than in the natural cinnamon soils, and their deficiencies will occur if no effective measures are taken in the near future.
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Neff, J. C., J. W. Harden, and G. Gleixner. "Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 2178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-154.
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Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m2 less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin- and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon.
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DIONNE, J. L., A. R. PESANT, and G. M. BARNETT. "EFFETS DE LA FUMURE POTASSIQUE ET DES RÉGIMES HYDRIQUES SUR LA RÉPONSE AU POTASSIUM DE LA LUZERNE ET DE LA FLÉOLE DES PRÉS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-078.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the changes in yield response and water use efficiency of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Saranac') and timothy (Phleum pratense L. 'Climax') to potassium applications and variations in soil moisture regimes. For each of the two test crops the factorial combination of the following treatments were replicated three times: three soils (Ste Rosalie clay, Greensboro loam, and Danby sandy loam), potassium (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg K kg−1 of dry soil) and three moisture levels: (1) optimal, 70–100% of available water (AW); (2) semi-dry, 0–100% AW; and (3) dry, 0–50% AW. Yield increases of 68% for alfalfa and 40% for timothy were produced by potassium applied to soil under the optimal moisture regime with almost no yield increase under dry soil moisture conditions. Water use efficiency was higher for alfalfa than for timothy, and increased with rates of potassium on Greensboro loam and Danby sandy loam but not on Ste Rosalie clay. Potassium content of alfalfa was lower when grown at optimal soil moisture than in the dry regime. Differences in potassium content between moisture regimes were small for timothy. Due to higher yields, potassium uptake by alfalfa was greater when soils were cropped at optimal moisture. However, less exchangeable potassium was found after the experiment in soils cropped to alfalfa in the optimal moisture regime than in soils under the dry moisture regime. Therefore potassium fertilizer was most effective at the optimal moisture level (near field capacity). Key words: Potassium fertilization, exchangeable potassium, soil moisture regime, potassium uptake, alfalfa, timothy
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Víg, Róbert, Attila Dobos, and Zoltán Pongrácz. "Statistical comparison of soil analysing results of chernozem soils." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 30 (October 10, 2008): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/30/2997.
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The soil fertility was degraded as a result of unreasonable tillage, therefore the application of site-specific nutrient replacement is necessary. It is essential for the application of precision fertilization to know the location, extension, soil properties and nutrient-supply of the different soil types ofcultivated areas.We collected soil samples from 580 hectares of land in 2006. Soil samples were collected from every 5 ha in 30 and 60 cm depths during Spring from 20.05.2006 to 12.06.2006 and again in Autumn from 09.19.2006 to 02.10.2006. Soil samples were analysed at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science of DE-ATC.The two examined soils are slightly calcareous, weakly saline, poor in zinc. The calcareous chernozem soil is slightly acid, the content of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is medium in this soil. The meadow chernozem soil is slightly alkaline, and properly supplied with humus and potassium, and middling supplied with nitrogen and phosphorus. The meadow chernozem soil is more heterogenous in soil plasticity, lime, saline, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium content and less heterogenous in pH and zinc content than the calcareous chernozem soil.Standard deviation of measured values in pH, soil plasticity, humus and nitrogen content significantly differ between the examined soil types. The soil plasticity, pH, humus, nitrogen and zinc content significantly differ among calcareous chernozem soil and meadow chernozem soil, but the difference in phosphorus content can be statistically proven only in case of Spring soil sampling.
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Cichota, R., I. Vogeler, N. S. Bolan, and B. E. Clothier. "Cation influence on sulfate leaching in allophanic soils." Soil Research 45, no. 1 (2007): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06070.
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We have examined the influence of the ionic composition of the soil solution on the movement of sulfate and calcium in 2 New Zealand soils with differing allophane content. For this study, we have carried out a series of miscible displacement experiments using repacked and intact soil columns, in which sulfate was applied in the presence of either calcium or potassium as the accompanying cation. Our results showed that sulfate leaching was significantly retarded in the soil with higher allophane content when applied with calcium. On the other hand, no effects were observed for all studied soils when potassium was used as the accompanying cation. In addition, in soils with high allophane content, calcium also had its retention increased when sulfate was present. The increase in sulfate adsorption was accompanied by corresponding increase in calcium adsorption. These findings evidenced the presence of co-adsorption, or ion-pair adsorption (IPA), in allophane-containing soils. The extent of this adsorption is dependent on the soil pH, the accompanying cation, and the allophane content of the soil.
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Pal, Y., R. J. Gilkes, and M. T. F. Wong. "The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from south-western Australia." Soil Research 37, no. 4 (1999): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98083.
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This investigation was undertaken to determine the potassium (K) status and adsorption behaviour of 227 samples from horizons of 41 representative virgin soil profiles, extending from Geraldton in the north to the Great Southern district of Western Australia. X-ray diffraction analysis of random powder of whole soil indicated that quartz is the dominant mineral and some soils contain significant amounts of feldspars. Clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite but minor quantities of illite are present in some soils. Most south-west Australian agricultural soils contain little available K: NaHCO3-extractable K (NaHCO3-K, median value 0·09 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 35 mg K/kg soil), HNO3-extractable K (HNO3-K, median value 0·30 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 117 mg K/kg soil), and total K (XRF determined K, median value, 17 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 6630 mg K/kg soil). The proportion of water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranges from 0 to 3·5% of total K, 0 to 76% of HNO3-K, and 0 to nearly 100% of exchangeable K. Exchangeable K ranges from 0 to 100% (median value 37%) of HNO3-K. These are relatively high proportions of H2O-K and exchangeable K compared with soils from many other parts of the world. The amounts of all forms of K variously increase or decrease downwards in the soil profile depending on both clay content and mineralogy. The commonly assumed increase in K with clay content alone is invalid. The soils mostly have low-to-moderate values of K sorption capacity, ranging from 5% to 67% (median value 14%) of added K (initially 4·1 mM K/L, equivalent to 4·1 cmol K/kg). otassium sorption isotherms conform well to the Freundlich equation. The inability of the Langmuir equation to describe the data may indicate that there are several types of K sorption sites in these soils. The Gapon coefficient KG varied widely from 0·04 to 29·8 (L/mol) ½ [median value 5·4 (L/mol) ½ ].
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Loveland, P. J., J. Hazelden, and R. G. Sturdy. "Chemical properties of salt-affected soils in north Kent and their relationship to soil instability." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 1 (August 1987): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080904.
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SummarySoil instability, as measured by the dispersion ratios of the reclaimed salt-marsh soils of ca. 70 km2 of north Kent, was assessed on samples taken from 0–15, 35–50 and 70–85 cm depths from sites at the intersects of a 250 m square grid or along transects. The dispersion ratios were related to other soil properties including exchangeable sodium, potassium and magnesium percentages, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content and electrical conductivity. The dispersion ratio correlates most closely with exchangeable sodium percentage and organic carbon content; weaker correlations exist with exchangeable potassium and calcium carbonate contents. Dispersion ratios rise sharply, i.e. reflect a marked increase in soil instability, when organic carbon content is less than 2·5% and calcium carbonate content is less than 2%. Magnesium has little effect on the dispersion ratio. The soil solution salt concentration (as expressed by electrical conductivity) is too low over much of the area to promote flocculation, and hence stability, of the soil clays.
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Meerod, Kanyaphat, Monthana Weerawatanakorn, and Wanwisa Pansak. "The relationship between soil chemical properties and phytochemical contents of non-centrifugal cane brown sugar in Thailand." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 15(02):2021 (February 3, 2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.02.p2270.
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In Thailand, NCS products from sugarcane are traditionally produced by the evaporation of raw cane juice obtained from a pressing machine. NCS products enhance flavor and supply both energy and nutritional value through the vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds which occur naturally in sugarcane produced without molasses removal. Soil quality and choice of cane cultivar affect the nutraceutical components of brown cane sugar products grown in diverse areas. Differences in nutraceutical components of NCS products obtained by traditional processes were investigated form sugarcane planted in two different areas of Sukhothai Province, with varied soil qualities based on the same cane variety (LK-92-11). The soil classification was carried out according to the Staff Soil Survey (2014) and classified as Aquic Haplustalfs and Aeric Endoaquepts soil types. NCS products from sugarcane planted in Aquic Haplustalfs contained high nutraceuticals and antioxidant activities compared with sugarcane planted in Aeric Endoaquepts. EC and potassium content of the soils showed significant negative correlation with policosanols, total phenolics, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of the NCS products. Pearson’s correlation indicated that higher electrical conductivity and potassium content of the soils were attributable to lower amounts of policosanols, total phenolics, and total flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities. We suggested that electrical conductivity and potassium content of soil should be concerned and monitored to obtain high level of nutraceutical of NCS product made from sugarcane
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Kucher, Larisa. "Forecasting of the impact of acidity on the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine." Polish Journal of Soil Science 52, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.269.
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<p>The level of soil acidity (рН) has the significant impact on availability of potassium to plants. For almost the century, scientists have discussed the issue of acidity of soils. Till nowadays, it is known, that carriers of potential acidity are Н+ and АІ3+ ions, which are situated in the solid phase of soil in the exchanged and absorbed state, but soil solution is acidified as a result of exchange reactions during increase of concentration of electrolytes in it (for example, during application of fertilizes the soil). Our task was to explore the impact of acidity of soil solution on the movement of potassium in some soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine: typical chernozem, podzolized chernozem and meadow chernozem. In the laboratory conditions the soil samples were influenced by citrate-phosphate-borate buffer solution of different volumes of рН – from 2.8 till 9.5 units, and the potassium content was determined by flame photometry. Based on the research results, there were created mathematical models which predict the potassium content when changing soil acidity. An exponential functional relationship between potassium content in the soil solution and its pH is established. This functional dependence allows to predict the levels of transition of potassium to the soil solution in the conditions of lowering the pH.</p>
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Kwee, Yaung, and Khin Soe. "Soil quality of the tea and apple-growing sites in Mindat District, Chin state, Myanmar: A preliminary study." Zemljiste i biljka 70, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2101027k.
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In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.
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MILFORD, G. F. J., M. J. ARMSTRONG, P. J. JARVIS, B. J. HOUGHTON, D. M. BELLETT-TRAVERS, J. JONES, and R. A. LEIGH. "Effect of potassium fertilizer on the yield, quality and potassium offtake of sugar beet crops grown on soils of different potassium status." Journal of Agricultural Science 135, no. 1 (August 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007881.
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The effect of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugar beet was studied in a series of 26 trials on soils of different type and K index between 1992 and 1997. There were few yield responses even though the majority of trials were on soils of low K index, and large quantities of fertilizer were applied (0–600 kg K/ha). Potassium offtakes (kg/ha) in the harvested beet increased asymptotically, not linearly, with yield and were much larger for a given yield on high K index soils than on low index soils. Commercially acceptable concentrations of beet K for processing are in the range 700 to 1000 mg K/100 g sugar. Concentrations in excess of this decrease the amount of sugar crystallized from the extracted juice. They were not greatly affected by large applications of fertilizer K but were strongly influenced by long-established differences in soil exchangeable K (Kex) due to soil type, previous cropping or manuring history.The asymptotic nature of the K offtake[ratio ]yield relationship was confirmed by factory tarehouse measurements relating to the national sugar beet crop delivered during the 1993–97 UK processing campaigns. Potassium offtakes generally increased linearly with yield up to 60–70 adjusted t of clean beet/ha, but increased little beyond that. The amount of K removed by a 60–70 t/ha crop of beet varied from 70 kg K/ha on low K index sandy loams to 120 kg K/ha on clay soils of K index 3 and above. Further increases in yield decreased the amount of K in fresh beet from 1·7 to 1·4 kg K/t on low K index soils, and from 3·6 to 2·5 kg K/t on high K index soils.An analysis of data from individual fields of commercially grown sugar beet showed that much of the site and season variation in the K content of beet was due to differences in K uptake driven by Kex, and to differential effects of nitrogen (N) supply on K uptake and sugar yield. Regressions on Kex and total crop N (kg/ha) accounted for c. 30 and 50% of the variance in beet K content, respectively, and the two together for over 60%. Total N uptake by the crops ranged from 100 to 550 kg N/ha. The total K content of the crop and the amounts of K in the beet (kg/ha) both increased linearly with crop N over the whole of this range, whereas sugar yield increased asymptotically with total uptakes of N up to 250–300 kg N/ha. Consequently, low yielding crops grown on soils in which N and K were freely available produced beet of poor K quality. However, the asymptotic relationship between beet K (kg/ha) and yield implies that, in many situations, the processing quality of the beet could be improved by increasing yield through better agronomy.
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Ghiri, Mahdi Najafi, Ali Abtahi, and Fatemeh Jaberian. "Factors affecting potassium release in calcareous soils of southern Iran." Soil Research 49, no. 6 (2011): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11098.
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Experiments were conducted on 48 representative surface and subsurface soils collected from different climatic and physiographic conditions in southern Iran to assess factors affecting potassium (K) release and to find the best fitting models to describe the release kinetics of K to 0.01 m CaCl2. Mineralogical analysis showed that smectite, mica, chlorite, and palygorskite were the main clay minerals in the studied soils, whereas quartz, mica, and feldspars were abundant in the silt and sand fractions. Results indicated that cumulative K released ranged from 26.7 to 260 mg/kg (mean 176 mg/kg) for surface soils and from 37.9 to 198 mg/kg (mean 130 mg/kg) for subsurface soils. The predominant source of K in the soils appeared to be mica, because there was a significant relationship between cumulative K released and mica content. The percentage of non-exchangeable K release to CaCl2 during 1496 h was also correlated with the ratio of mica in the coarse fractions to total mica in the whole soil. Results showed that the Elovich equation adequately described the reaction rates of K release from surface and subsurface soils and suggested a heterogeneous diffusion process. We concluded that mica content and its particle size, soil depth, and some soil properties are the main factors controlling K release rate. On the other hand, we found no significant relationships between K release rate and climatic conditions, or physiographic positions.
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Koroleva, I. "CHOICE OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING CHANGES IN PHOSPHATE И OF THE POTASSIUM STATE OF THE SOIL UNDER HUMAN INFLUENCE." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 65 (June 30, 2010): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2010-65-48-57.
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Expert assessment of methods for determining soil content Phosphorus and potassium used in soil science and agrochemistry to assess changes in the phosphate and potassium state of soils under anthropogenic impact. The principle of selection of methods was based on the necessity of strict coordination of research task, object of study (soil diversity) with real possibilities for analysis methods.
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Sanderson, Kevin R., and J. Brian Sanderson. "Potassium management for carrots in Prince Edward Island." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, Special Issue (December 1, 2006): 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-108.
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Nine field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to soilapplied K on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Mid-season soil K levels ranged from 34 to 103 µg g-1, and sites were classified as L– (very low), L (low) and M (medium) (Mehlich 3 extractable) according to the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory. Cultivars used were Imperator-type and the crops were managed to conform to local growing practices. Treatments consisted of preplant broadcast applied muriate of potash (KCl) at 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 kg K ha-1. When no K was applied, total carrot yields on the L–, L and M soil K ratings were 70, 90 and 98% of the maximum yield, respectively. To achieve 95% of the maximum yield, 150, 75 and 0 kg K ha-1 were required on the L–, L and M soils, respectively. Increasing rates of applied K linearly increased the K content of carrot petioles and soil samples taken at harvest. Potassium content in the carrot roots increased linearly with the rate of applied K, but parallel line analyses indicated that separate K response lines were required for each K soil test rating. Rates of 300, 150 and 75 kg K ha-1 were required to increase root K content to above the published standard of 27 mg g-1 (DM basis) on the L–, L, and M soil K sites, respectively. Key words: Carrot, potassium, soil K rating, nutrient content, yield
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Ross, G. J., DONALD S. GAMBLE, and R. A. CLINE. "POTASSIUM EXCHANGE AND FIXATION IN SOME SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-064.
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Long-term (8 yr) K+ fertilization experiments were started in 1983 on Jeddo clay loam, Smithville silt loam, Oneida loam, and Vineland sandy loam in the Niagara region of southern Ontario to study K+ exchange and fixation in relation to K+ uptake by grapes. Potassium fertilization at rates of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 kg K+ ha−1 was discontinued after 4 yr to record the build-up of soil K+ with fertilization and its decline after fertilization ceased. This paper reports the results on K+ exchange and fixation during the 4-yr K+ fertilization period. The clay mineralogy of the soils was similar with their clays containing mainly mica and smaller amounts of vermiculite, chlorite, quartz, and feldspars. There was a highly significant linear relationship between rates of applied K+ and K+ fractions of exchangeable cations for every soil in every year of K+ application. Exchangeable K+ concentrations in the coarse-textured Vineland soil increased sharply from the first to the second year of K+ application. However, there was no consistent increase of exchangeable K+ concentrations with time in the finer-textured soils for the first 2-4 years of K+ application. This was attributed mainly to K+ fixation. This interpretation was supported by chemical and X-ray evidence that showed reduced K+ fixation capacity and transformation of vermiculite to a mica-like mineral at the high rate of K+ application. Potassium exchange equilibria and standard Gibbs free energies for the exchange of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) by K+ were calculated using the theory of multiple ion exchange equilibria. Standard Gibbs free energy values for this exchange became more negative with increase in clay and vermiculite contents of the soils which was attributed to the strong adsorption of K+ in vermiculite and vermiculite-like minerals that were concentrated in the clay fraction. Clay content is therefore the dominant factor determining K+ exchangeability in the soils of the Niagara region of southern Ontario. Key words: soil mineralogy, vermiculite contents, potassium exchange equilibria, standard Gibbs free energy
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Khramtsov, I. F., and V. S. Boyko. "Nutrient regime of irrigated meadow-chernozem soils under long-term intensive use." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-2-1.
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The patterns of phosphorus and potassium status of soils were studied given the improvement of agricultural technologies of irrigated agriculture. Long-term studies were carried out in an experimental grain-grass crop rotation on irrigated meadow-chernozem soil. The experimental plot is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region. Intensive use of irrigated arable land with a rational combination of moisture and mineral nutrition regimes contributes to obtaining maximum yields of forage and grain crops. The creation of various conditions for mineral nutrition due to an increased and high supply of mobile phosphorus and with the application of different options of agricultural technologies made it possible to simulate possible agro-ecological conditions that form contrasting indices of crop productivity. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various agricultural approaches to growing crops under irrigation conditions indicates that soil cultivation techniques and forecrops did not significantly affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. The equilibrium content of mobile phosphorus given a long-term negative balance changed insignificantly. The systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly increased the phosphate status of the soil. However, an adequate assessment of the phosphate status of arable soils is possible using several diagnostic indices (methods). Long-term intensive use of irrigated arable land has reduced the reserves of easily exchangeable potassium from 4 to 1–2 mg/100 g of soil in the arable layer. The content of exchangeable potassium has also decreased by almost 2 times, but the soil remains in a high and very high class of its availability. However, a number of indicators show its increasing depletion in the most mobile fractions of soil potassium. The reserves of non-exchangeable potassium are more stable, which have decreased by about 19% over 40 years, and the soil has passed into the category with an unstable supply.
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Niemiec, Marcin, Maciej Chowaniak, Jakub Sikora, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, and Monika Komorowska. "Selected Properties of Soils for Long-Term Use in Organic Farming." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062509.
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The goal of organic farming with respect to plant production is to create high-quality products while minimizing human impacts. The aim of this paper was to assess soil properties in selected organic farms in terms of the achievement of general and specific objectives of organic farming. Fifty five (55) organic farms were selected for the research; twenty five (25) of those farms additionally had conventional animal production with cattle breeding. Soil samples were collected from each farm and, the following parameters, deciding about the suitability for agriculture were determined: pH, content of organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium, mineral nitrogen, and Total nitrogen content. The content of available phosphorus and mineral nitrogen was very low or low in most of the studied soils, which can lead to disturbance of homeostasis of agroecosystems. Potassium content in these soils was high. The properties of the studied soils indicate a high risk of chemical and biological degradation. Without implementing actions that control the pH and increase the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the degradation will increase. Soil properties in the group of farms with animal production were more beneficial from the point of view of crop production, compared with farms that do not breed animals.
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Bertoni, Georges, and Philippe Morard. "Alimentation potassique et qualité du chasselas de table." OENO One 22, no. 2 (June 30, 1988): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1988.22.2.1259.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">L'alimentation potassique et la qualité du Chasselas de table ont été étudiées au cours d'enquêtes réalisées en années sèches dans le vignoble de Moissac, sur les parcelles en production. Les teneurs foliaires en potassium sont corrélées significativement à la qualité (teneur en sucres, aspect) de ce raisin de table. Les faibles niveaux des teneurs foliaires en potassium à la véraison, dans le vignoble, sont expliqués par une fertilisation trop superficielle et par certaines situations pédologiques défavorables à l'alimentation potassique. L'effet de l'irrigation est envisagé dans ce contexte.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, as well as soil characteristics and quality data of Chasselas table grapes grown in farmers vineyards in the Moissac area were studied during dry years. K concentrations in leaves, being rather low were significantly correlated with the sugar concentration in grapes and with their aspect. The range of higher K/Mg ratio in leaves was correlated with the level of exchangeable K in the subsoil (40-60 cm). Superficial potassium application and type of soils were the main causes for K deficiency observed on the vine plants. Potassium availability in these soils (brown earth and calcareaous soils differing in CaCO<sub>3</sub> content).</p>
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Smiles, D. E., and C. J. Smith. "A survey of the cation content of piggery effluents and some consequences of their use to irrigate soils." Soil Research 42, no. 2 (2004): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03059.
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Piggery effluent contains high concentrations of potassium, and its repeated irrigation raises soil exchangeable potassium to levels, relative to divalent cations, that may degrade soil structure. We surveyed 6 big piggeries extending from south-eastern Queensland on a self-mulching Vertosol, to an Arenic Rudosol in south-eastern South Australia. We sampled effluent used for irrigation and also soil profiles to permit 'fenceline' comparisons between soils that had and had not been irrigated. The major water-soluble cations sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) were measured in the effluent and the soil saturation extracts, and also their exchangeable forms on air-dried soil samples. Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) was also assayed. The effluents were similar, with pH values between 7.5 and 8 together with very high water-soluble NH4-N, lower values for K+ and Na+, and quite low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Cation concentrations varied across effluents; sodium and potassium adsorption ratios (SAR and KAR) were relatively constant but smaller than an ammonium adsorption ratio (Am-AR), which we conceive to estimate the influence of NH4+-N relative to the divalent cations in the effluent. Exchangeable K+ ratios in all profiles that had been irrigated were greater than their non-irrigated partners, as were the KAR values in their saturation extracts. Despite high concentrations of NH4+-N and high values of Am-AR in the effluents, there was no evidence of exchangeable NH4+ in the soils when sampled, which, we presume, is rapidly taken up by plants or oxidised. We present data that support a useful relationship between total cation content and effluent and the soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (EC), We also observed a modest increase in the EC of the saturation extract of irrigated soils. Farm records were insufficient to permit material balance calculations.
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Dursun, Nesim, Sait Gezgin, and Mehmet Musa Özcan. "The Determine of Sugar Beet Nutrition Problems in Konya Plain’s Soils." Advanced Research in Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arls-2017-0002.
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Abstract This study was aimed to determine the deficiency or excessivity of nutrients for sugar beet crop in Konya plain. The results showed that the pH value was found as 7.65 and soils were classified as sodic; the organic matter was 1.59% and 92.9% of the soil samples was poor in terms of the organic matter. The mean lime content (CaCO3) was determined capacity was 26.07 and 97.1% of the soil samples was limy and the mean cation Exchange capacity was 26.07 me/100g, and it was varied between 10.72 me/100g and 44.7 me/100g. The mean available NH4+NO3 nitrogen content, phosphorus and potassium for crop were as 0.059%, 10.21 ppm and 1.39 me/100g, respectively. According to the these results, NH4+NO3 nitrogen and potassium amounts were sufficient while the phosphourus content was sufficient in 65.8% and insufficient in 34.2%. Cu and Mn content in soil samples were adequate. The sufficient amounts of Zn, B and Fe were 85.7%, 45.8% and 95.7% and their insufficient amounts were 14.53%, 54.2% and 4.3%, respectively. According to the result of leaf analyses, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium were sufficient. The deficiencies of iron, zinc and bor were found in 4.3%, 14.3% and 38.6% of the total samples, respectively.
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Diomandé, L. B., G. R. Soro, S. Soro, and Et Yao Kouamé A. "CHEMICAL SOIL FERTILITY DIAGNOSIS FOR COTTON CROPPING IN NORTHERN COTE D'IVOIRE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i8.2021.4130.
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The work was conducted in the north of Cote d’Ivoire, central pivot cotton production savannah area, to make the diagnosis of soil fertility for cotton cropping. Cotton cropping, the mainstay of the savannah's economy, suffered from low productivity in relation to the soils chemical properties. Prior cultivation, soils samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 30 cm, collecting 32 simple samples to generate a complete sample. The samples were sent to the soil laboratory to measure the pH unities, CEC, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese contents. In order to facilitate the interpretation of analysis results, the nutrients critical level recommended for optimum production of cotton were used. Results showed that soils had pH ranging from 4.4 to 6.4. On the other hand, the need to add nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus to the soils and to augment the low carbon, calcium and potassium content. There is the need to search for fertilizer formulations with nitrogen, magnesium phosphorus and calcium for the Cote d'Ivoire cotton belt.
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Corrêa, Juliano Corulli, Agostinho Rebellatto, Marco André Grohskopf, Paulo Cezar Cassol, Paulo Hentz, and Amanda Zolet Rigo. "Soil fertility and agriculture yield with the application of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in solid and fluid forms." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 5 (May 2018): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500012.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in their solid and fluid forms, on soils with variable charges with high fertility built up from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil and plant, as well as on corn (Zea mays) and black oat (Avena strigosa) yield. The treatments consisted of one control and four fertilizers - two organomineral and two mineral - in solid (SO, solid organomineral; and SM, solid mineral) and fluid (FO, fluid organomineral; and FM, fluid mineral) forms applied in Rhodic Kandiudox and Distrochrept soils with no-tillage. The use of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in fluid and solid forms increases total N content in the soil, maintains exchangeable K content in both soils, and may enhance available P content to the depth of 0.6 m in Distrochrept. These factors allowed significantly increasing corn yield, regardless of the fertilizer, and establishing greater residual effect for fluid organomineral fertilizer in the winter black oat yield, even in soils with high fertility.
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Futa, Barbara, Katarzyna Tajchman, Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska, Leszek Drozd, and Tomasz M. Gruszecki. "Preliminary Results of Effect of Rotational Grazing of Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Biochemical Status of Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030558.
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The aim of the study was to identify the trends and dynamics of changes in the chemical and biochemical properties of soil induced by rotational grazing of farmed deer. Soils pH and the content of mineral nitrogen forms, total nitrogen, and organic carbon were determined in the study and the activity of three soil enzymes. The monitored soils were slightly acidic and neutral, with pH in 1 mol KCldm−3 ranging from 6.37 to 7.03. The contents of content of organic carbon, total nitrogen in the monitored soils were in the range of 9.42–19.37 gkg−1 and 1.13–2.24 gkg−1, respectively, while the contents of N-NH4+ and N-NO3− of 1.34–7.08 mgkg−1 and 102.8–619.5 mgkg−1, respectively. The mean levels of nitrate nitrogen in the pasture soils were lower than that in the mown soil. The soils from the pastures were characterized by a higher level of available phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium forms than the mown soil. In the deer grazing areas, the activity of all enzymes was clearly higher than in the soil from the control plot. The results of the present pilot study have demonstrated a positive effect of cervid grazing on the biochemical parameters of the soil environment.
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Hussiun M.A. Ragheb, Hussiun M. A. Ragheb. "Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Application Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Crop Irrigated with Surge Flow." journal of King Abdulaziz University - Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 8, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.27-1.3.
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Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons at the Experimental Station of Soil and Water Department‚ Faculty of Agricultural‚ Assiut University, to study the effect of both irrigation intervals and methods of potassium application on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) beside potassium content in plant and soil. The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications. The main plots were three irrigation intervals (15, 21 and 28 days), while the sub- plots contained two methods of potassium application (side dressing and fertigation). Results indicated that, shorter irrigation intervals improved yield and yield components of wheat crop. The best yield was obtained from 15 days irrigation interval followed by 21 days. Longer irrigation interval (28 days) produced the least yield and yield components due to water stress conditions. Applying potassium with irrigation water improved yield of wheat crop and potassium contents in grain and straw yields compared to side dressing application. Also it increased the available potassium in soils.
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Leah, Tamara, and Zoia Lozovaia. "Study Concerning the Possibility of Gamma-Spectroscopy Method to Determine the Total Potassium in Soils." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 6, no. 2 (December 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2011.06(2).12.
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It was proved the possibility of determination the total potassium in soils by gamma-spectroscopic method with subsequent calculation of total potassium content in according to value of 40K isotope (expressed in Becquerel, Bq), using the formula: К2О, % = С . А, where: C – conversion coefficient, A – activity of isotope 40K in soil, Bq/kg. Conversion coefficient for chernozems of Moldova – C=0,00337.
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Anokye, Esther, Samuel T. Lowor, Jerome A. Dogbatse, and Francis K. Padi. "Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030563.
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With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.
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Cantar, Ilie-Cosmin, Lucian Dinca, and Ion Chisalita. "Chemical Properties Transformations of Copper Waste Heaps from Moldova Noua as a Result of their Afforestation." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.9.8327.
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This paper analyses the chemical transformations of soils from certain copper waste heaps from Moldova Noua in the context of their afforestation. The analysis is based on a comparison between chemical properties of soils from different areas of the waste heaps. such as the planted and unplanted plateaus and slopes. The soil samples were gathered from soil profiles for each variants considered. and then analysis carried out in the �Marin Dracea� National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry laboratories. The results were compared and discussed in the context of the waste heaps� morphologic differences. such as land slope. aspect and the presence or absence of forest plantations. As such. the following elements were analyzed and compared: granulometric composition. soil chemical properties. soil reaction. humus content. total nitrogen. potassium content and heavy metals content. Forest vegetation had an important influence on the soil�s granulometric composition. on the humus and total nitrogen content. as well as on the soil�s reaction. In addition. granulometric composition differences between slopes that are exposed to the main wind and those that are not. suggest the importance of afforestation works for the former.
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Barus, Junita. "Phosphorus and Potassium Status in Paddy Soils (Sawah) of Central Lampung Regency." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.9.1.16-19.
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The knowledge about the nutrient status in the lowland soils is one of several ways to maintain soil fertility and increasefarmers income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of P20J and K20 content in paddy soils (sawah) at Central lampung regency during the year 2001/2002. Composite soil samples were collected in each different soil types based on mapping technical survey of I : 50.000 scale. Composite soil samples consisting of 5 - 10 sub samples were taken from top layer (0 - 20 em) depth. Soil sampling was taken by using grid system, that is I cm2 in the map represented 25 ha in the field p]OJ and K~ potential content determined by HCI 25 %. Data were arranged in a descriptive methode and then classified in to three degrees (high, medium and low). High P was> 40 mg P20s/100 g, medium P was 20;.40 mg P201100 g and law P was < 20 mg P;Os/100 g. High K was > 20 mg K20/100 g, medium K was 10 -20 mg K20 /100 g and low K « 10 mg K~/IOOg). The results shawed that soil p;OJ status in paddy soils (sawah) of Centra Lampung regency were 61,65 % high, 35,84 % medium and 2,65 % low while K20 status were 6,64% high, 16,02 % medium and 77,34% low.
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Knap, Renata, Janina Kaniuczak, Edmund Hajduk, and Adam Szewczyk. "Properties of degraded and reclaimed soils in the area of the abandoned “Jeziórko” sulfur mine (Poland)." Soil Science Annual 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2016-0020.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine some physicochemical and chemical properties of post-mining soils reclaimed in different directions, after completed sulfur exploitation by means of the borehole (Frash) method. The study was conducted in 2013 in the former Sulfur Mine „Jeziórko” located on the Tarnobrzeg Plain between Tarnobrzeg and Stalowa Wola cities (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, south Poland). It covered an area of land reclaimed as the arable or forest land. The most important problems connected with sulfur exploitation was the occurrence of a layer of solid sulfur which was previously removed. During the reclamation process, embankments and excavations were leveled through replenishing large amounts of ground, post-flotation lime, mineral fertilizers, and sewage sludge. Moreover, studies upon degraded and non-reclaimed area (by 2013) were also carried out. Examined land was characterized by granulometric composition of sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. Re-leveling of degraded land using post-flotation lime contributed to lower levels of acidification of reclaimed soil surface. The highest contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in the surface layers of the soils studied. Content of available potassium ranged from very low to average. The soils were characterized by a high content of available magnesium in the surface layers of the profiles (maximum 71.8 mg·kg−1 in soil reclaimed as forest land), while below the Mg content was usually low. Contents of individual exchangeable cations could be lined up in a following decreasing sequence: Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+ Referring to the topsoil, reclaimed soils were characterized by more favorable properties (pH close to neutral, lower acidity, higher sorption capacity, higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium concentrations) as compared to non-reclaimed soil.
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Li, Yan Mei, Xiao Yong Zhou, and Jun Yang. "Investigation on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics in Two Types of Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.547.
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We investigated soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal contamination characteristics in steel and chemical sites, aimed to provide theoretical basis for future site remediation. Results indicated that: soils in both sites showed sandy and alkaline trend. Soil total phosphorus, total potassium, and available nitrogen content in steel site, and total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in chemical site were lower than that in farmland soil. Soil lead and zinc contamination in steel site and soil arsenic contamination in chemical site should be given priority in remediation. In addition, cadmium and arsenic risk in steel site and mercury risk in chemical site should also be paid sufficient attention.
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Barsan, Narcis, Alexandra Dana Chitimus, Oana-Maria Muscalu (Plescan), Florin Marian Nedeff, Ion Sandu, Elena Partal, Andrei Victor Sandu, and Mirela Panainte Lehadus. "Influence of Fertilizers on Soils Used for Oleaginous Crop." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.1.7838.
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The main objective of the current research is to determine the influence of some soil fertilizations systems on the variation of the content of magnesium, aluminium, potassium, chromium and manganese from the soil. The experiments have been carried out in a experimental field, for a soil cultivated with oleaginous crop. In the case when was applied the variant fertilizations with farmyard manure was registered the higher values of the nutrients content in soil like magnesium, potassium and manganese.
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Bedrossian, Sevag, and Balwant Singh. "Potassium adsorption characteristics and potassium forms in some New South Wales soils in relation to early senescence in cotton." Soil Research 42, no. 7 (2004): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03143.
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The occurrence of premature senescence (PS) in cotton in Australia has been related to decreased potassium (K) concentration in the affected plants. Soil samples (0–120 cm) were taken from paired cotton fields, i.e. PS fields and similar soils not affected by PS (Non-PS fields), in northern New South Wales. The samples were analysed for different forms of K in soil, mineralogy of various size fractions, and K adsorption characteristics to evaluate differences in their K availability. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral in the studied soils. The K-bearing mineral illite was present in the clay fraction of all samples and its content was generally higher in soils from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Moree, Pilliga, and Warren. Water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranged from 0.03 to 2.64 mg/kg (median 0.35 mg/kg), exchangeable K (Exch-K) from 43 to 687 mg/kg (median 107 mg/kg), non-exchangeable K (Nonexch-K) from 164 to 1981 mg/kg (median 819 mg/kg), and total K (Total-K) from 16 811 to 23 207 mg/kg (median 14 740 mg/kg). The values of various K forms were generally higher in samples from the Non-PS fields than the PS fields from Pilliga and Warren sites and the reverse trend occurred for the samples from Trangie. Similar H2O-K and Exch-K values were found for the PS and Non-PS samples from Moree, whereas Nonexch-K and Total-K contents were higher in the top 60 cm soil depth from the Non-PS field than the PS field. The equilibrium activity ratio (ARKe) values were significantly higher for surface samples from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Pilliga and Warren and the reverse was true for the Trangie site. There was a sharp decrease in ARKe with depth for the studied samples. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) for both surface and subsurface samples from the Non-PS site (mean 31.5 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2) from Trangie was substantially higher than the corresponding samples from the PS sites (mean 14.7 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2). There was a significant increase in K adsorption for the subsurface samples than the surface samples for all sites, as indicated by the higher values of Freundlich adsorption coefficient, k. At the Pilliga and Warren sites, the occurrence of premature senescence in cotton plants can be explained on the basis of differences in the levels of different forms of K, mineralogy, and K adsorption characteristics of soils from the PS and Non-PS fields. At the Moree site, higher illite content in the Non-PS than the PS soil may explain the difference in their K availability. For the paired Trangie samples, greater PBCK of the Non-PS soil than the PS soil may be responsible for increased K availability in the Non-PS soil. The occurrence of PS symptoms in cotton at Narrabri site cannot be directly contributed to K supplying parameters analysed in the study. The results also show that Exch-K alone may not be adequate to measure K availability to cotton in these soils.
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Hossen, MAM, SA Lira, MY Mia, and AKMM Rahman. "Soil Nutrient Status of Brahmaputra Floodplain Area in Tangail Sadar Upazila for Agricultural Uses." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26856.
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Soil samples from high land, medium high land, medium low land and low land of Brahmaputra Floodplain area showed that pH of the soils were slightly acidic; organic matter (OM) content was medium; total nitrogen (N), available potassium (K) and boron (B) content were low; available phosphorus (P) content was very low; available sulfur (S) and calcium (Ca) content were medium to very high; magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content were low to optimum; copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) content were very high suggesting the fact that soils of this area is moderately suitable for agricultural uses.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 11-14 2015
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Sychev, V. G., Yu I. Grechishkina, V. P. Egorov, and A. V. Matvienko. "Assessment of the dynamics of the main agrochemical indicators of irrigated chestnut soils under risk farming conditions in Stavropol." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 2(26) (August 3, 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-223-232.
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Irrigation is an important element of agricultural production in the arid conditions of the Stavropol Territory. The combination of irrigation, chemicalization and complex mechanization provides highly productive use of land that requires specific scientific support. The purpose of the research is to identify differences in the dynamics of the main agrochemical indicators (organic matter, pH, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium) on irrigated and non-irrigated chestnut soils. The object of research is chestnut soils located in an extremely arid climatic zone of the Stavropol Territory. The data of complex monitoring of soil fertility in the Apanasenkovsky district were used as the source material. The data for the period from 1991 to 2020 were prepared by the staff of the State Center for Agrochemical Service “Stavropolsky”. The content of soil organic matter was determined by the Tyurin method in the modification of CINAO. Mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium were determined by the Machigin method in the modification of CINAO. The value of the hydrogen pH index of the aqueous suspension was determined by the potentiometric method. The content of organic matter in chestnut soils increased from 1.8 to 2.0–2.1% both on irrigated and non-irrigated lands. A tendency to leaching of irrigated lands by 0.2 units has been revealed; therefore, in this case, it is recommended to use chemical ameliorants. Moreover, on irrigation, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus (from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/kg) compared to non-irrigated areas was revealed. The reason for this is the increased doses of phosphorus-containing fertilizers applied during irrigation. During the study period, the content of mobile potassium increased from 77 to 93 mg/kg irrigated chestnut soils compared to non-irrigated ones. The negative dynamics in the content of mobile potassium on irrigation was revealed. It amounted to 364 mg/kg (as of 2020), which is lower than the data of the previous survey period by 81 mk/kg. Particular attention should be paid to the use of potash fertilizers since there is increased removal of this element, despite the high potash potential of chestnut soils in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory.
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Salehin, Sk Musfiq Us, Gazi Md Mohsin, Tabassum Ferdous, Jobaed Ragib Zaman, Md Jashim Uddin, and Md Khalilur Rahman. "Soil Fertility and Leaf Nutrient Status of Mango Orchard Sites." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i2.48735.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty soil and leaf samples from 20 orchards of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were collected from different locations of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions to evaluate soil texture, pH, organic matter, available and total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur of soils and the concentration of N and K in mango leaves. The pH of the soil varied from 6.3 - 7.9 and organic matter content varied from 0.72 - 3.60 per cent. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur of the soils ranged from 190 - 510, 39 - 196, 36 - 206 and 25 - 235 mg/kg, respectively. The values of total N, P, K and S were 0.03 - 0.12, 0.022 - 0.210, 0.235 - 0.0.936 and 0.005 - 0.266 per cent, respectively. The dominant soil textural class was silty clay loam. The mean concentration of nitrogen (0.88%) and potassium (0.61%) in the leaf sample was low. The overall fertility status of the soils of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions in relation to mango cultivation is moderate.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 155-163, 2020 (July)
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Lester, Gene E., and Kevin M. Crosby. "Ascorbic Acid, Folic Acid, and Potassium Content in Postharvest Green-flesh Honeydew Muskmelons: Influence of Cultivar, Fruit Size, Soil Type, and Year." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (September 2002): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.843.
Full textAbstract:
Two important chemicals and an essential mineral (phytonutrients) for human health and well-being are ascorbic acid, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid (folic acid) and potassium. The influence of cultivar, fruit size, soil type and year on these compounds in [Cucumis melo L. (Inodorous Group)] was determined. Fully mature (abscised) commercial size fruit: 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 (fruit/0.031 m3 shipping box) from three commercial cultivars: Mega Brew, Morning Ice, and TAM Dew Improved (TDI); and one experimental hybrid `TDI' × `Green Ice' were grown on both clay loam and sandy loam soils. Total ascorbic acid and folic acid content increased with an increase in fruit size up to a maximum (size 6 or 5), then decreased with further fruit size increase. Total ascorbic acid and folic acid content for most fruit sizes were higher when grown on clay loam versus sandy loam soils. The experimental hybrid compared to the commercial cultivars contained generally higher total ascorbic acid levels and significantly higher folic acid levels regardless of fruit size or soil type. Free ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid contents were generally higher from clay loam versus sandy loam soils and in the experimental line versus the commercial cultivars. However, free ascorbic acid content was high in small fruit and remained unchanged with an increase in fruit size until size 6 or 5 then significantly decreased; while dehydroascorbic acid content linearly increased with an increase in fruit size. Potassium content averaged 1.7 mg·g-1 fresh weight for each line and did not significantly differ due to fruit size, but did for soil type and year. Analyses of variance for the phytonutrients assayed demonstrated that cultivar (genetics) always was very highly significant (P = 0.001), whereas, soil and year (environment) were not.
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Zakharchenko, A. V., O. A. Pasko, and I. B. Sorokin. "The Dynamics of the Reduction of Arable Land Areas According to their Long-term Monitoring in the Tomsk Region." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-7-54-59.
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The results of agroecological monitoring of arable and fallow lands are considered. It has been established that the content of humus and mobile phosphorus in the soils of the fallow, as well as the value of the salt pH, is lower than on arable land; mobile potassium is higher. This may be due to the migration of deposited potassium from the lower soil horizons into the humus horizon and its release from the absorbed state during the decomposition of organic matter. It was revealed that in fallow soils, the content of mobile phosphorus in the range of 150–600 mg/kg directly correlates with the value of salt pH (4–6 pH units), while this dependence is not observed on arable land.
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Zhang, Fuhai, Lei Zhang, and Wangxi Hong. "Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Potassium Carbonate." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7032087.
Full textAbstract:
Expansive soils have great volume change potentials with water content changes, which is problematic to facilities. Great efforts have been spent on finding proper methods to stabilize expansive soils, but these stabilizers all had limitations. The Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and K2CO3 combination was proposed in this paper. Free swell tests, oedometric tests, unconfined compression tests, and direct shear tests were performed to investigate the effectiveness of the PVA and K2CO3 combination to control the volume change and increase the soil strength. Microstructures of the natural expansive soil and the stabilized soil were also studied with SEM photos. SEM photos showed a homogenous and dense microstructure after stabilization. In addition, a laboratory soil column model was built to study the ability of this stabilizer combination to stabilize expansive soils by directly spraying the solution on the ground surface. All these test results show that the combination of PVA and K2CO3 is able to effectively stabilize the natural expansive soil and increase the shear strength. It is possible to directly spray the stabilizer solution on the soil surface to form a relatively thick layer of the stabilized expansive soil.
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Akbas, F., H. Gunal, and N. Acir. "Spatial variability of soil potassium and its relationship to land use and parent material." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 4 (October 9, 2017): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/32/2016-swr.
Full textAbstract:
Information on the spatial distribution of plant nutrients is a prerequisite to predict their behaviour and to monitor the fertility in a watershed. This study was conducted to evaluate variations of plant available potassium (PAK) and non-exchangeable potassium (NEK) of a watershed with different land use and parent materials. Eight hundred soil samples were taken from 0–30 and 30–60 cm depths across the Kazova watershed of 20 656 ha in size. Average PAK was 152.8 mg/K kg in surface layers and 167.2 mg/kg in subsurface layers. NEK was 925 mg K/kg in surface and 167.2 mg K/kg in subsurface layers. All forms of K were the lowest in soils formed over serpentinite. Soils in pastures had the highest PAK and NEK. Both K forms were positively related to clay content. Spatial variability patterns of PAK and NEK were similar and consistent at both soil depths. The variation in parent material and land use is considered as the main cause for large variations of potassium forms.
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Karimov, Muradjon, Normamat Namozov, and Bekzod Teshaboev. "Agrochemical properties of degraded desert sandy soils of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402025.
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This article presents the results of research conducted in desert sandy soils. The study found that the humus content in the soil was moderate in the upper layer, very low and low in the nitrate form of nitrogen, the amount of mobile phosphorus was low in the surface layer of the soil, and very low in the 1 m layer, high and very high in exchangeable potassium.
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Akter, Sanjida, Golum Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Zakaria Alam, Toshihiro Watanabe, and Tofazzal Islam. "Zerovalent Iron Modulates the Influence of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil on Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Rice." Stresses 1, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses1020008.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of zerovalent iron (ZVI/Fe0) on growth, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. BRRI dhan49 in arsenic (As)-contaminated soils. The pot experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD). The treatments on rice applied were As in soils at As0 (0 mg kg−1), As20 (20 mg kg−1), and As40 (40 mg kg−1) with a combination of ZVI at ZVI0 (0%), ZVI0.5 (0.5%), ZVI1.0 (1.0%), and ZVI1.5 (1.5%) with three replications. Contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and As in grains of rice; and Fe and As content in cultivated soils were determined. The application of ZVI had negative or no effect on shoot weight, tiller number, and grain yield. Although application of ZVI had little or no effect on thousand grain weight, P, K, Zn, and Mn of rice grains, Fe content in rice grains was increased by ZVI treatments in a dose-dependent manner. The grain As content was non-significantly reduced by the ZVI application. Soil bacterial population was negatively influenced by the ZVI in a dose-dependent manner which might be linked with As content in the soils. Therefore, a further elaborative study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the effects of ZVI and soil As on rice and rhizosphere soil microorganisms.
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Rezapour, S., A. A. Jafarzadeh, A. Samadi, and S. Oustan. "Impacts of clay mineralogy and physiographic units on the distribution of potassium forms in calcareous soils in Iran." Clay Minerals 44, no. 3 (September 2009): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2009.044.3.327.
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AbstractThe potassium pools of five major physiographic units of the Urmia region situated in western Azerbaijan province, north-west Iran, were studied to determine the distribution of K forms as functions of clay mineralogy and physiographic units. Soil samples from horizons of ten pedons were selected and analysed for physiochemical properties, clay mineralogy and forms of K. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the soils were similar in clay-mineral compositions, consisting of illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite, for the different physiographic units, but vary in the relative amounts of these minerals. The illite content was highest in piedmont plain (P.P) followed by plateau (Pl), river alluvial plain (R.A.P), colluvial alluvial plain (C.A.R) and lowland (L.L) units. Smectite content was highest in Pl followed by P.P, L.L, R.A.P and C.A.P units. Several processes, such as the diversity of weathering rate, biocyclying processes of K accumulation, geomorphologic conditions and soil formation processes, caused significant differences in most K forms in the soils. A wide variation in total K (HF-extractable K) (0.54–1.1%), non-exchangeable K (280–450 mg kg–1) and exchangeable K (217–330 mg kg–1) occurred among the physiographic units, corresponding to variations in their mineralogical compositions, mainly the abundance of illite. Significant differences (P ⩽ 0.05) were found for K, HNO3-extractable K and non-exchangeable K between the soils with large illite contents (30–50%) and with small illite contents (10–30%). A significant positive relationship existed between mineral K and illite content (r2 = 0.85, P ⩽ 0.001) and non-exchangeable K and illite content (r2 = 0.84, P ⩽ 0.001). The results indicated that these pools of K are mainly released from the frayed edges and wedge zones of illite.
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Vona, Viktoria, Csaba Centeri, Zsolt Giczi, Renato Kalocsai, Zsolt Biro, Gergely Jakab, Gabor Milics, and Attila J. Kovacs. "Comparison of magnesium determination methods on Hungarian soils." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 3 (June 17, 2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/92/2019-swr.
Full textAbstract:
Magnesium is one of the most important nutrient elements. Soils are tested for magnesium in many countries with several extractants. Each country has its own validated methods, best-suited for its soils. The current study was designed to compare different magnesium content measuring methods with 80 Hungarian samples. The magnesium content was determined by the potassium chloride (1 M KCl 1:10), Mehlich 3 and CoHex (cobalt hexamine trichloride) methods. The maximum, mean and median values resulting from all the Mg determination methods showed the following order of measured magnitude: KCl < CoHex < M3.