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Academic literature on the topic 'Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine"

Gladish, Sandra, Jonathan Frank, and Darlene Southworth. "The serpentine syndrome below ground: ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungi associated with conifers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 8 (August 2010): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-092.

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Serpentine soils select for unique plant communities, often with sparse vegetation. Mycorrhizal fungi mediate the interaction between plants and soils, yet little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi of serpentine-tolerant plants. Ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungal sporocarps were sampled on paired serpentine and nonserpentine soils in southwestern Oregon. We hypothesized that conifers on serpentine soils would have fewer species of mycorrhizal fungi, a distinct assemblage of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and fewer hypogeous sporocarps with less species richness. Sporocarps were sampled and soil cores collected around pines on serpentine and nonserpentine soils. Conifers on serpentine and nonserpentine soils hosted overlapping communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi, as characterized by nonmetric multidimensional scaling. From soil cores, we categorized 27 species by morphotype, of which 18 were identified by DNA. Fewer hypogeous sporocarps with less taxonomic richness were collected on serpentine soils. The lack of indicator species of mycorrhizal fungi and the greater variability among samples on serpentine soils suggest that soil composition does not determine the mycorrhizal community. The sparseness of host vegetation may limit the ability of fungi to grow from tree to tree and may increase the reliance on spore dispersal, thus creating a more varied pattern of mycorrhizal communities.

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Baugé, S. M. Y., L. M. Lavkulich, and H. E. Schreier. "Serpentine affected soils and the formation of magnesium phosphates (struvite)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, no. 2 (May 2013): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-117.

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Baugé, S. M. Y., Lavkulich, L. M. and Schreier, H. E. 2013. Serpentine affected soils and the formation of magnesium phosphates (struvite). Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 161–172. The Sumas River watershed, located in the intensive agricultural region of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia (Canada), contains serpentine asbestos from a natural landslide. Serpentinic soils have a high Mg to Ca ratio that can affect soil fertility, including soil-solution P relations. The objectives of the study were: (i) to evaluate some common methods of estimating plant available phosphorus in the surface horizons of the serpentine-affected soils and those receiving large quantities of livestock manure, and (ii) to determine if there is evidence for the formation of soluble Mg phosphates, e.g., struvite, a meta-stable P phase in these soils. Seven soil nutrient extractants were used to determine major and minor elemental concentrations. Acid ammonium oxalate, 1 M HCl and Bray P1 extractions were most effective for measuring available phosphorus in these soils. Manure and fertilizer applications appear to favor the formation of Mg-phosphates, and are considered to be more soluble in terms of phosphorus than either calcium-phosphates or aluminum/iron-phosphates. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance examinations gave positive evidence for the presence of struvite in the soils.

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Mróz, Lucyna. "Between-population variation in plant performance traits and elemental composition of Colchicum autumnale L. and its relation to edaphic environments." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 77, no. 3 (2011): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2008.029.

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Variation in vegetative and reproductive performance and leaf mineral composition among 25 populations of <em>Colchicum autumnale</em> (meadow saffron) from soils derived from six parent materials (limestone, marl, sandstone, greenstone, melaphyre and serpentine) in southwestern Poland has been investigated. The plant size (PS), total le-af area (TLA), leaf shape (LS), number of fruits per plant (NFP), number of seeds per plant (NFP), total weight seed per plant (TWSP) were estimated, and concentrations of seventeen elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo) were analyzed in leaf and soil samples. In soil samples, also soil pH, organic matter content and sand, silt and clay content were determined. All soils (except melaphyre soil) contained elevated levels of Cr. Concentrations of soil Ni and Zn, Pb, Cd in serpentinite soil and polluted marl soils (respectively) were significantly higher than those of other examined soils. Meadow saffron leaves from all sites (except marl sites) contained elevated levels of Cr, Co and Ni. Statistical analysis, carried out with principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that a good correlation exists between the element content in leaves and plant performance traits and soil environment. The leaf Ca content and NFP were correlated and were much higher in populations from metal (except Cr) and nutrient-poor marl soils than in those from metal (except Ni in serpentine soil)and nutrient moderate rich soils derived from melaphyre, greenstones, serpentinite, limestones and sandstones and in those from metal-rich and nutrient-poor polluted marl soils. Meadow saffron plants tended to take up higher amounts of N, P, K, Mn, Cu and Na and lower amounts of S and had much higher TLA in populations from sandstone soils than those in populations from serpentinite, melaphyre, greenstone, marl and limestone soils. The leaf Co, Ni, Cr, Mg concentrations were correlated and were much higher in populations from serpentinite, melaphyre, greenstone, polluted marl and limestone soils than those from marl and sandstone soils. The pattern of variation in NFP and TLA across the different soil types was the opposite of that for leaf N, Cu, Na, Ni, Mg and S concentrations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) enables identification of the soil variables that best explain the variance pattern of plant response. The variation explained by the soil variables (15 soil elements and soil pH) was high (79%). The forward selection of soil variables identified soil Co, Mo, Ni, Ca and Zn concentrations as significantly influencing the ordination plant traits. The variation explained by these selected variables was 55%. Thus the five soil variables appeared to be the main factors determining the pattern variation of vegetative, reproductive and nutrient traits of <em>Colchicum autumnale</em>.

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McAlister, Rachel L., Duane A. Kolterman, and A. Joseph Pollard. "Nickel hyperaccumulation in populations of Psychotria grandis (Rubiaceae) from serpentine and non-serpentine soils of Puerto Rico." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 2 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14337.

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Metal hyperaccumulators are plants that store heavy metals or metalloids in their leaves, often to concentrations much higher than in the soil. Though most occur exclusively on metalliferous soils, some species are facultative, occurring on both metalliferous and nonmetalliferous soils. Psychotria grandis Sw.(Rubiaceae) occurs from Central America through the Caribbean on many soil types, and hyperaccumulates nickel (Ni) on serpentine soils in several localities. In this study, four Puerto Rican populations of P. grandis – two from serpentine soil and two from non-serpentine soil – were examined to compare Ni accumulation between and within populations. Multiple trees were sampled at most sites, with replicate leaves harvested from each tree. Foliar nickel concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean Ni concentration differed significantly among the sites, ranging from <165 µg g–1 on non-serpentine soil to >4000 µg g–1 on serpentine soil. There were also significant differences in Ni concentration among trees within sites, with especially wide variation at one of the serpentine sites known to be geologically heterogeneous. Despite these differences in field-collected leaves, a hydroponic common-garden experiment indicated that the Ni accumulation capacities of the populations were approximately equal. Variation in Ni accumulation between and within these populations in the field is likely to result from variation in Ni availability in the soil.

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Sánchez-Marañón, M., E. Gámiz, G. Delgado, and R. Delgado. "Mafic-ultramafic soils affected by silicic colluvium in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (southern Spain)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-063.

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Soil properties, mineral composition, available microelements for plant uptake and ultramicromorphological gravel characteristics in skeletal soils from amphibolite and serpentinite rocks with additions of silicon-rich colluvial materials were studied in the Mediterranean region (Sierra Nevada, southern Spain). The soils (Entic Cryumbrept, Typic Xerochrept, Pachic Cryoboroll and Typic Cryorthent) showed mineralogical discontinuities, exchangeable Ca:Mg ratios greater than 1 and a pH and base saturation profile that decreases in the central and lower parts of the solum. The different soil particle-size fractions had similar mineral compositions (X-ray diffraction [XRD] and infrared [IR] techniques) retaining unstable phases (amphibole, feldspar, serpentine). Inherited or slightly transformed phyllosilicates (serpentine, mica, chlorite, talc and interstratified phases) were shown to be dominant in the clay fraction. The scant pedogenic evolution contrasted with a high free iron content. The concentrations in fine earth of DTPA-Zn, -Cu, -Mn, -Co, -Cr, -Ni and -Fe were not toxic, showed interdependence and were related to the silt, clay and free forms content. The gravel fraction revealed significant amounts of free iron and available microelements (DTPA-extractable), which could be bound to deposits of precipitated secondary forms and to finer pedogenic material present in the fragments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations confirmed these morphological characteristics in serpentinite and amphibolite pebbles. Key words: Mafic-ultramafic soils; mineralogy; DTPA-microelements; rock fragments

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Bulmer, C. E., and L. M. Lavkulich. "Pedogenic and geochemical processes of ultramafic soils along a climatic gradient in southwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-024.

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This paper presents information on pedogenic processes, weathering status and geochemical evolution of ultramafic soils at three areas in southwestern British Columbia characterized by climatic conditions ranging from relatively wet–cool to relatively dry–cool. The soils of the Coquihalla serpentine belt have Podzolic profiles that resulted from intense weathering in a moist environment. The Tulameen area has a moderately dry climate, and Brunisolic soils have developed in serpentinized peridotite and dunite. Brunisolic soils with composite profiles of tephra overlying serpenite developed in a dry environment at the Shulaps area. We investigated the weathering status of five soils using a variety of chemical and mineralogical techniques. Chlorite and mica weathering was indicated by XRD analysis of clay fractions for the Podzolic soils at the Coquihalla area. Serpentine dissolution was also indicated by geochemical analysis of these upland soil profiles. Weathering and leaching depleted Mg from B horizons relative to parent materials. Chromium accumulated in B horizons of the soils, and was associated with high levels of Fed. The distribution of total and extractable Ni and Co indicated that these elements were transported to the C horizons in all but the driest environments. Redistribution of Mn also occurred, but to a lesser extent. The distribution patterns of Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni were useful indicators during the early stages of ultramafic pedogenesis. Key words: Serpentine, ultramafic rocks, mineralogy, soil processes, trace minerals

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Alexander, E. B. "Serpentine Soils of Northern Alaska." Soil Horizons 45, no. 4 (2004): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh2004.4.0120.

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Oze, Christopher, Scott Fendorf, Dennis K. Bird, and Robert G. Coleman. "Chromium Geochemistry of Serpentine Soils." International Geology Review 46, no. 2 (February 2004): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.2.97.

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SUDARMONO, SUDARMONO. "Endemic plants of serpentine soils." Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d080417.

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Southworth, Darlene, Linda E. Tackaberry, and Hugues B. Massicotte. "Mycorrhizal ecology on serpentine soils." Plant Ecology & Diversity 7, no. 3 (December 16, 2013): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.848950.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine"

McIntyre, Todd Ian. "Analysis of selected ions in Allium cratericola growing on serpentine and non-serpentine soil." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2212.

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The primary problems which plants growing on serpentine soil must overcome are high magnesium concentrations and calcium deficiency. The ability of Allium cratericola to successfully exploit both serpentine and non-serpentine habitats may be due to physiological adaptations which compensate for unusual mineral composition of the soil. Although the Table Mountain soil is described as non serpentine, it bears ionic similarities to the three serpentine soils studied in this investigation. With the advent of modern biochemical techniques in plant physiology, there are ample opportunities to expand on past work concerning plant growth on serpentine soil. Investigations into the biochemical nature of tolerance mechanisms, especially those involving the mechanics of ion transport and translocation, could further elucidate the nature of plant growth on this soil type.

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Boulet, Frederic. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis as a strategy for survival in ultramafic soils." University of Western Australia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0051.

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Ultramafic soils enriched in nickel, such as found in Australia and New Caledonia, are associated with unique, diverse and poorly known vegetation communities. Re-establishment of these highly specific ecosystems is still a challenge for Ni mining companies. Ultramafic vegetation communities are the outcome of a long evolution process resulting in their adaptation to the extreme soil conditions found on ultramafic outcrops. Mycorrhizal fungi, a very common plant symbiont, are generally thought to be beneficial to plants in other ecosystems, providing plants with phosphorus and even promoting metal tolerance in plants in some cases. We examined the hypothesis that mycorrhizal fungi may contribute to the survival of plants in ultramafic soil conditions. Bandalup Hill, an ultramafic outcrop enriched in Ni (South West of Western Australia) was selected to assess the contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to ultramafic plants. Soil constraints, in particular the degree of Ni toxicity, were assessed at two sites with ultramafic soils within the outcrop. Total metal, nutrient, DTPA extractable Ni and available P were measured in soil while Ni, Ca and Mg were tested in the soil solution. In addition, nutrients and metals were analyzed in shoots of some plant species occurring at each site: Eucalyptus flocktoniae, Melaleuca pomphostoma, Melaleuca coronicarpa and Hakea verucosa. Topsoils in Bandalup Hill and plant shoots had high levels of Ni, and very low levels of P, K and N. Variation in DTPA extractable Ni between sites reflected the variation in shoot Ni level of E. flocktoniae and M. pomphostoma. Variations in soil solution Ni levels reflected variations in shoot Ni levels of M. coronicarpa and H. verucosa between sites. The germination requirements of the plant species used to assess the soil constraints was assessed. Species selected included Eucalyptus flocktoniae, Melaleuca coronicarpa, and Hakea verucosa. Seeds of E. flocktoniae and M. coronicarpa had a higher germination rate if pre-treated with smoke water, while no pre-treatment was required to germinate H. verucosa seeds. The unusual germination requirement of E. flocktoniae and M. coronicarpa involve complex chemical signals that may be present in the soil when the conditions are more favorable for plant establishment. Such unusual germination requirement may represent an adaptation to the hostile conditions of the ultramafic soils of Bandalup Hill. The mycorrhizal association and root characteristics of the selected plant species was also assessed after 8 weeks of growth in undisturbed ultramafic topsoil cores from Bandalup Hill. Roots of these species (including H. verucosa from a previously designated non-mycorrhizal family, Proteaceae) were associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Roots of E. flocktoniae and M. coronicarpa were colonized by both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), while roots of H. verucosa only contained some AM fungal structures. All species had high shoot to root ratios and their root characteristics reflected their association with mycorrhizal fungi. Based on the previous observations, uninoculated and inoculated E. flocktoniae seedlings were grown for 10 to 16 weeks in sand amended with Ni at 0, 0.2, 1 and 2.3 mg/kg. Mycorrhizal inoculum consisted of spores of Pisolithus sp. (ECM) or a mix of AMF spores and colonized root fragments, both originating from Bandalup Hill. Another inoculum consisted in Pisolithus sp. spores from a site with ultramafic soils in New Caledonia. Inoculation with AM and ECM fungi from Bandalup Hill was beneficial to E. flocktoniae. Benefits consisted mainly of a reduction of Ni shoot translocation at the highest Ni soil level. At 1 mg/kg soil Ni, E. flocktoniae exhibited a certain degree of tolerance to Ni. A substantial increase in growth and nutrient uptake with Pisolithus sp. from Western Australia was also observed. The contribution of AM fungi from Bandalup Hill to E. flocktoniae, M. coronicarpa, H. verucosa, and Trifolium subterraneum (clover) was then examined in ultramafic soil from Bandalup Hill.Steaming of ultramafic soil increased the availability and plant uptake of P. Consequently, uninoculated seedlings grew better, and inoculation with AM fungi decreased the growth of native plant species but did not affect their shoot Ni concentration. The presence of AM fungi increased the concentration of P in shoots of native plants species. Inoculation had no effect on the growth and nutrient content of subterranean clover. As mining activities have the potential to reduce the infectivity of AM fungi in topsoils, the effect of disturbance and storage practices on the AM infectivity of ultramafic topsoils collected in summer or winter from Bandalup Hill was investigated. Disturbance consisted in passing topsoil through a 2mm seive and cutting roots into 1cm fragments. Disturbed topsoil was then stored at room temperature in pots that were either sealed from the atmosphere or left open, and pots were maintained at field capacity. E. flocktoniae seedlings were planted in undisturbed and disturbed topsoil just after topsoil collect and then after 3, 6 and 9 months of topsoil storage. AM fungi present in the topsoil collected in summer was less susceptible to initial disturbance than AM fungi present in topsoil collected during winter. Also, storage of topsoil in sealed pots watered to field capacity was more detrimental to its infectivity than storage of topsoil in dry conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi can contribute to the survival of some native plant species in the ultramafic soils of Bandalup Hill and they may represent another strategy to improve the success of Ni mine revegetation. However, such contribution may not be the unique avenue for native plants to survive in ultramafic soils of Bandalup Hill.

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Cooke, Sarah Spear. "The edaphic ecology of two western North American composite species /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5569.

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Nyberg, Berglund Anna-Britt. "Postglacial colonization and parallel evolution of metal tolerance in the polyploid Cerastium alpinum /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200565.pdf.

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Jansen, Nora Catharine Mary. "Vegetation ecology of Rawhide Hill, Toulumne County, California." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2208.

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Hollstein, R. W. M. "The dependence of mycorrhrizae in Sitka spruce roots, on the availability of phosphorus in serpentine and basaltic soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU006854.

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The nature and occurrence of mycorrhizal associations, with particular reference to the anatomy, carbohydrate physiology, plant mineral nutrition and occurrence of ectomycorrhizae (ECM), is discussed. The ecology and forest relations of Picea sitchensis - the Sitka spruce concludes the literature review. Identification of areas of good and poor Sitka growth on related soils and the quantification of their ECM status, investigation of the effect of phosphate addition to Sitka seedlings in pots, subsequent and changes to their ECM status, and the effects of soluble aluminium on phosphate nutrition of Sitka seedlings, the collation of results and relation back to the field situation were carried out as experimental work. Field sites were identified and described in terms of geology, soils, field ECM status, forest productivity and nutrient status. Three pot experiments were carried out. The 1st investigated the effects of phosphate application on ECM Sitka seedlings in soil from the field sites; the 2nd investigated the effects of phosphate application to ECM and non-mycorrhizal (NM) seedlings in compost; and the 3rd investigated the affects of application of Al-citrate to ECM and NM seedlings in compost containing high and low levels of phosphate. The results obtained were described and discussed in the context of a model of the factors affecting plant response to the soil environment. The field ECM development representing a considerable drain on the carbohydrate economy of the field sites was to some extent duplicated in the greenhouse. The possible decrease in importance of this drain was illustrated by phosphate application, but was increased by addition of Al-citrate. A previously unrecorded ECM-enhanced uptake of Manganese was reported. The importance of phosphate in the soils under discussion was emphasised, and possible further work suggested.

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Bani, Aïda. "Phytoextraction du Ni dans les sols ultramafiques d'Albanie." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL042N/document.

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Phytoextraction du nickel dans les sols ultramafiques d’Albanie La phytoextraction minière est un procédé de récupération des métaux des sols minéralisés naturels ou pollués à l’aide de plantes hyperaccumulatrices. Elle est une alternative à l’agriculture vivrière des zones ultramafiques. L’objectif de la thèse est le développement d’une technologie de phytoextraction extensive du Ni avec Alyssum murale sur les Vertisols ultramafiques. Pour cela, il s’agissait : i) d’identifier les plantes hyperaccumulatrices les plus efficaces dans le prélèvement du Ni et comprendre les relations entre le prélèvement du métal et sa biodisponibilité, ii) de déterminer les types de sols adaptés à la phytoextraction du Ni et iii) de définir et optimiser un itinéraire agronomique adapté pour l’espèce retenue et pour les conditions édaphiques. Dans ce but, des prospections géobotaniques ont été conduites en Albanie et en Grèce. Puis une étude in situ des facteurs qui influencent la biodisponibilité du Ni et le comportement des plantes sur une toposéquence ultramafique a été mise en place. Enfin un essai agronomique de quatre années sur un site ultramafique d’Albanie (Pojske) a permis de tester la fertilisation, le contrôle des adventices par herbicide et la date de récolte pour optimiser le rendement d’extraction du Ni. Les résultats montrent que parmi l’ensemble des espèces présentes naturellement sur les serpentines des Balkans, A. markgrafii et A. murale ont le plus fort taux d’accumulation du Ni. Les Vertisols ultramafiques présentent une disponibilité élevée du Ni favorable à la phytoextraction minière. La biomasse d’A murale est augmentée de 0,2 t ha-1 à 6,0 t ha-1 à partir des traitements agronomiques et le rendement de phytoextraction de Ni par A. murale est de 23 à 69 kg ha-1. Alyssum murale peut être envisagée comme une culture pérenne et la fertilisation permet d’augmenter la compétitivité de la plante sans affecter les concentrations de Ni dans les parties récoltées
Phytomining is a process for recovering metals with hyperaccumulating plants from natural or polluted soils. It is an alternative to conventional farming in ultramafic areas. The aim of the thesis is the development of an extensive phytoextraction technology with Alyssum murale on ultramafic Vertisols. Therefore, work was conducted to i) identify the most effective Ni hyperaccumulators, and understand the relationship between metal uptake and bioavailability, ii) identify soil types suitable for phytoextraction, and iii) define and optimize agronomic practices adapted to the plant species and the edaphic conditions. Hence, geobotanical surveys were conducted in Albania and Greece. Then an in situ study was run on an ultramafic toposequence to assess the factors that influence Ni bioavailability and behavior of plants. Finally a four-year field trial was carried out on an ultramafic site in Albania (Pojske) where fertilization, weed control by herbicide, and harvest date were tested to optimize the efficiency of Ni extraction. The results showed that A. markgrafii and A. murale exhibit the highest rate of Ni accumulation among all species of Balkan serpentines. The ultramafic Vertisols have a high Ni availability phytoextraction and are favourable for phytomining. A. murale biomass increased from 0.2 t ha-1 to 6.0 t ha-1 due to optimization of agronomic treatments, and performance of phytoextraction from 23 to 69 kg ha-1. Alyssum murale can be seen as a perennial crop, and fertilization increases the competitiveness of the plant without affecting the Ni concentrations in the harvested parts

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Chardot, Vanessa. "Réponse de Brassicacées hyperaccumulatrices à la disponibilité du nickel des sols ultramafiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL045N/document.

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Les plantes hyperaccumulatrices de métaux ont développé des mécanismes spécifiques de prélèvement de la fraction disponible des métaux du sol, conduisant à leur accumulation dans les parties aériennes. L’utilisation agronomique de ces plantes pourrait être une voie de dépollution des sols contaminés en métaux. Ce travail a pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes chimiques et biologiques qui conditionnent l’accumulation du Ni par les plantes hyperaccumulatrices, en réponse à la disponibilité du métal dans le sol. Après observation du fonctionnement naturel du système sol ultramafique-plante hyperaccumulatrice, nous avons étudié, en laboratoire, l’altération de trois phases minérales nickélifères modèles communes des sols ultramafiques (chrysotile, smectite, goethite) soumises à l’influence de trois Brassicacées hyperaccumulatrices de Ni natives de sites de serpentine d’Europe (Leptoplax emarginata, Alyssum murale et Thlaspi caerulescens). Les résultats montrent que dans les sols ultramafiques, le Ni phytodisponible provient majoritairement de l’altération des minéraux nickélifères silicatés ferromagnésiens, hérités de la roche mère. Les hyperaccumulateurs ont un comportement différent en fonction de la disponibilité du Ni des sols. Dans les milieux à forte disponibilité du Ni, les hyperaccumulateurs accumulent le Ni proportionnellement à la disponibilité du Ni du milieu. Elles réduisent ainsi significativement la fraction de Ni initialement disponible du milieu, et ne semblent pas favoriser la dissolution des minéraux porteurs de Ni. A l’inverse, dans les milieux à faible disponibilité du Ni, la présence des hyperaccumulateurs accélère la dissolution de phases minérales nickélifères silicatées, en favorisant la solubilisation du métal. Dans ce cas la plante prélève la quasi-totalité du Ni solubilisé. Ces résultats sont essentiels à l’élaboration d’un modèle de culture qui permettra de faciliter l’application du procédé de phytoextraction du Ni à grande échelle
Metal hyperaccumulator plants developed specific mechanisms to extract available metals from the soil and consequently accumulate them in aerial parts. The agronomic use of these plants for the decontamination of metal polluted soils is under study worlwide. This work was undertaken to better elucidate the chemical and physiological mechanisms that influence Ni accumulation by hyperaccumulators in response of Ni availability in soils. To answer these questions we undertook two approaches. Firstly, a site study to determine the natural functioning of the ultramafic soil-Ni hyperaccumulators system. Secondly, a lab-scale set of experiments that were designed to study the weathering of three ultramafic Ni-minerals (chrysotile, smectite, goethite) in the rhizosphere of three Ni-hyperaccumulating species naturally growing on European serpentine soils (Leptoplax emarginata, Alyssum murale et Thlaspi caerulescens). Results showed that, in ultramafic soils, phytoavailable Ni derives from the weathering of primary nickeliferous ferromagnesian silicates. Hyperaccumulators show a different behaviour depending of Ni availability in the environment of the culture. In environments showing high available Ni, hyperaccumulators accumulate Ni proportionally to Ni availability. In this way, they can significantly reduce the initially available fraction of Ni but do not seem to enhance the weathering of unavailable Ni forms. Contrarily, in environments with extremely low Ni availability, hyperaccumulators may strongly enhance the dissolution of nickeliferous silicate minerals and so favour Ni solubilisation. If so, hyperaccumulators absorb the majority of Ni solubilised. These results are of considerable interest for the elaboration of a crop model designed for the optimisation of the phytoextraction concept and high scale application

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Springer, Yuri P. "Epidemiology, resistance structure, and the effects of soil calcium on a serpentine plant-pathogen interaction /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Rossington, Natalie L. "How are rare species maintained?: Reproductive barriers between Layia jonesii, a rare serpentine endemic, and L. platyglossa." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1494.

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Reproductive barriers are vital to generating new species as well as maintaining distinct species. Investigating reproductive barriers between closely related plant taxa helps us to understand how these barriers are maintained, particularly between rare and widespread relatives. Layia jonesii, a rare San Luis Obispo County serpentine endemic, and L. platyglossa, a common coastal species, co-occur on serpentine derived hillsides and are interfertile. At these locations, L. jonesii is isolated to dry soils near serpentine rock outcrops and L. platyglossa is located on slightly deeper grassland soils surrounding the rock outcrops. On hillsides where they co-occur, I observe two morphologically distinct species, therefore the two species must be maintaining reproductive barriers, yet mechanisms that maintain this isolation are unknown. I studied this system to investigate possible mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of reproductive barriers. I hypothesize prezygotic reproductive isolation in this system is due to (1) habitat isolation due to local adaptation to differential edaphic environments on the hillside, (2) flowering time differences, and (3) reduced seed set resulting from hybrid crosses. To investigate the local adaptation of L. jonesii and L. platyglossa, I reciprocally transplanted both species into the center of each species’ distribution. I also conducted a competition experiment to determine if L. jonesii is sensitive to resource competition beyond its natural distribution. To investigate flowering time differences, I tracked flowering time of both wild and reciprocally transplanted populations. I also performed controlled crosses to determine if heterospecific, or hybrid crosses, result in lowered seed set than conspecific crosses. The reciprocal transplants showed L. platyglossa is locally adapted to the grassland habitat. Local adaptation likely prevents L. playtyglossa from dispersing into the rock outcrop habitat. Results of the competition experiment revealed L. jonesii is sensitive to competition and this may contribute to its constrained distribution to shallow soils. Local adaptation and competition likely contribute to habitat isolation between the two species. I also documented stark differences in flowering time between the species which contributes to reproductive isolation by reducing pollen flow. Hybrid crosses also resulted in lowered seed set than conspecific crosses. These results suggest prezygotic barriers to reproduction likely maintain the majority of isolation between the two species. These results provide insight into mechanisms that maintain reproductive barriers between closely related taxa existing in similar habitats. The results also contribute to our understanding of how rare plants preserve genetic integrity near common and interfertile relatives.

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Books on the topic "Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine"

Kruckeberg, Arthur R. Introduction to California soils and plants: Serpentine, vernal pools, and other geobotanical wonders. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.

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Introduction to California soils and plants: Serpentine, vernal pools, and other geobotanical wonders. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

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Serpentine: The evolution and ecology of a model system. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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International Conference on Serpentine Ecology (1st 1991 University of California, Davis). The vegetation of ultramafic (serpentine) soils: Procedings of the first International Conference on Serpentine Ecology ... 1991. Andover: Intercept, 1992.

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International Conference on Serpentine Ecology (1st 1991 University of California, Davis). The vegetation of ultramafic (serpentine) soils: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, University of California, Davis, 19-22 June 1991. Andover, Hampshire, England: Intercept, 1992.

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Brooks, R. R. Serpentine and its vegetation: A multidisciplinary approach. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

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Brooks, R. R. Serpentine and its vegetation: A multidisciplinary approach. Portland, Or: Dioscorides Press, 1987.

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International Conference on Serpentine Ecology (2nd 1995 Nouméa, New Caledonia). Ecologie des milieux sur roches ultramafiques et sur sols métallifères: Actes de la Deuxième Conférence internationale sur l'écologie des milieux serpentiniques, Nouméa, 31 juillet-5 août 1995. Edited by Jaffré Tanguy, Reeves R. D. 1940-, Becquer T, and O.R.S.T.O.M. (Agency : France). Centre de Nouméa. Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie: Centre ORSTOM de Nouméa, 1995.

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Elam, Diane R. Draft recovery plan for serpentine soil species of the San Francisco Bay area. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region, 1998.

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Bradley, Goettle, Wright David H, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1., eds. Draft recovery plan for serpentine soil species of the San Francisco Bay area. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine"

Jeffrey, David W. "Calcareous and serpentine soils and their vegetation." In Soil~Plant Relationships, 257–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6076-6_19.

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Husna, Faisal Danu Tuheteru, and Asrianti Arif. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth on Serpentine Soils." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Stress Tolerance of Plants, 293–303. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4115-0_12.

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Mengoni, Alessio, Lorenzo Cecchi, and Cristina Gonnelli. "Nickel Hyperaccumulating Plants and Alyssum bertolonii: Model Systems for Studying Biogeochemical Interactions in Serpentine Soils." In Soil Biology, 279–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23327-2_14.

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Effendi, Syarif, Satoru Miura, Nagaharu Tanaka, and Seiichi Ohta. "Serpentine Soils on Catena in the Southern Part of East Kalimantan, Indonesia." In Rainforest Ecosystems of East Kalimantan, 79–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67911-0_7.

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Harrison, Susan. "Population Persistence and Community Diversity in a Naturally Patchy Landscape: Plants on Serpentine Soils." In The Biology of Biodiversity, 147–59. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65930-3_10.

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Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Zueng-Sang Chen, Chen-Chi Tsai, and Shih-Hao Jien. "Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) for Determining Cr and Ni Contents of Serpentine Soils in the Field." In Progress in Soil Science, 37–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28295-4_3.

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White, G. Norman, and Joe B. Dixon. "Kaolin-Serpentine Minerals." In Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications, 389–414. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser7.c12.

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Nabais, C., H. Freitas, and J. Hagemeyer. "Seasonal variations of amino acids and organic acids in the xylem sap of Quercus ilex L. growing on serpentine and sandy loam soils." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 405–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_121.

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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Serpentine Soil Distributions and Environmental Influences." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0010.

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Serpentine soils occur in all but one of the twelve orders (Alexander 2004b), which is the highest level in Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff 1999), the primary system of soil classification utilized in this book (appendix C). They occur in practically every environment from cold arctic to hot tropical and from arid to perhumid (always wet). Thus the variety of serpentine soils is very great even though they occupy only a small fraction of the earth. Serpentine soils have been found in all states and provinces that are adjacent to the Pacific Ocean from Baja California to Alaska. They are most concentrated in the California Region, where they have been mapped in 34 counties in California and in 5 counties in southwestern Oregon. Serpentine lateritic (or “nickel laterite”) soils, which have not been mapped separately from other soils, are economically significant in California and southwest Oregon, even though they are not widely distributed in western North America. A representative serpentine soil is shown in figure 6-1. Serpentine soils, or soils in magnesic (serpentine) families, are represented in 11 of the 12 soil orders. Spodosols and Histosols in magnesic families occur only where there is a thin cover of nonserpentine materials over the serpentine materials, and there are no serpentine Andisols. Andisols contain amorphous and poorly ordered aluminum-silicate minerals, which are responsible for andic soil properties of these soils. Serpentine soil parent materials do not contain enough aluminum for the development of andic soil properties that are definitive of Andisols. Alfisols are soils with argillic (or natric) horizons having more than 35% exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) on the cation exchange complex. Al3+ and H+ are the common nonbasic (acidic) cations on the exchange complex. The Mg2+ that serpentine soil parent materials release upon weathering keeps the basic cation status of soils high, unless they are leached intensively. Some of the soil horizon sequences are A-Bt, A-Btn, and A-Bt-Btk in Alfisols. Soils of Dubakella Series and other moderately deep Mollic Haploxeralfs with a mesic soil temperature regime are the most extensively mapped serpentine Alfisols in California and southwestern Oregon. Figure 6-1 is representative of the Mollic Haploxeralfs.

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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Serpentine Soils as Media for Plant Growth." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0012.

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Plants and animals require water, energy sources, and nutrients to make tissues and perform vital functions. The primary source of energy is the sun. Green plants use solar energy to manufacture organic compounds that are later oxidized to produce energy for both plants and animals. Many microorganisms produce energy by inorganic chemical reactions, but that source of energy is minor compared to the very large amounts of solar energy used by green plants. The major source of water and nutrients (other than CO2) for green plants is soil. Barren rocks, including ultramafic rock outcrop and talus, are colonized by lichens, which are symbiotic alliances of fungi and either cyanobacteria or green algae. These and other small organisms promote weathering and contribute to soil formation. Once soils are deep enough to support vascular plants (plants with roots), plants are the primary users of soils and producers of ecosystem biomass. Vascular plants send roots into soils and exploit both a high soil particle surface area and soil solutions, neither of which are available to lichens growing on rock surfaces. The surface area of particles in a soil 10 cm deep is about a thousand times greater than a planar bedrock surface if the soil is coarse sand, or about a billion times greater if the soil is clayey. With these dramatic increases in surface area accompanying soil formation, and lack of water retained on rock surfaces, it is easy to understand that ecosystem productivity is relatively low on rock surfaces and increases greatly with soil depth in very shallow soils. Annual plants approach maximum productivity in moderately deep soils and trees in deep or very deep soils. Ecosystems with serpentine soils are generally less productive than ecosystems with other kinds of soils, and they have unique plant species distributions. Therefore, serpentine soils attract attention from botanists who are interested in the profound effects that serpentine soils have on plant distributions and growth. These effects include those that affect the supply of water (section 8.1) and those that affect the supply of nutrients (section 8.2) to plants. These in turn affect plant growth and productivity (section 8.3).

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Conference papers on the topic "Soils Soils Soils Soils Serpentine Serpentine"

KARA, Zekeriya. "TOTAL HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN SERPENTINITE SOILS FROM TURKOGLU-KAHRAMANMARAS/TURKEY." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/s13.085.

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Medeiros, Ian Daniel, and Nishanta Rajakaruna. "DOCUMENTING THE ROCKS, SOILS, AND BIOTA OF SERPENTINITE OUTCROPS IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272908.

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PEKARSKAS, Juozas, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS, Anželika DAUTARTĖ, and Aida STIKLIENĖ. "RECYCLING OF MINERAL SERPENTINITE WASTE FROM MINING INDUSTRY AND ITS USE IN AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE SOIL AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.102.

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The influence of processing the serpentinite quarry from the Caucasian mountains at the foot of the Mount Elbrus crushed waste on soil agrochemical properties, phytotoxicity of spring barley, influence on barley plant biomass and its chemical composition were investigated. Ground and granular serpentinite had a different effect on soil and plants. Application of serpentinite fertilizers significantly increased the content of calcium, iron, 227.95-376.75 and 5.05-9.62 mg kg-1, total and plant-derived magnesium 0.34-0.52 and 1.19-2.16 mg kg-1, lead and nickel, while the amount of copper dropped substantially; the soil was becoming more alkaline. Application of ground serpentinite lead to alkalizing of the soil much more compared to the granular, with a significant increase in plant-derived magnesium. The influence of serpentinite increased the yield of spring barley plants in green and dry mass by 0.049-0.256 and 0.011-0.046 g or 0.65-3.41 and 1.19-2.59% out of the growing vessel, and dry matter increased by 0.12-0.26 % units, the yield of spring barley green and dry mass under the influence of ground serpentinite was higher than of granular serpentinite fertilizer, and the dry matter was found to be significantly higher than that of unfertilized spring barley plants. Ground and granular serpentinite was not phytotoxic to spring barley. An application of ground serpentinite increased an amount of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the barley dry matter compared to the granular serpentinite. Ground and granular serpentinite reduced the amount of trace elements copper and manganese in the dry mass of the plant, and the amount of zinc decreased only after fertilization with granular serpentinite. An application of serpentinite significantly decreased content of lead, chrome and cadmium while nickel content significantly increased in the dry matter of barley plants.

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Fullem, Abby, Alain F. Plante, and Donald C. Barber. "AN ANALYSIS OF RESTORATION PRACTICES: A SOIL SURVEY OF THE UNIONVILLE SERPENTINE BARRENS, CHESTER CO., PA." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272905.

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Lorente, S., and A. Bejan. "Flow Architectures for Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65410.

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In this paper we report the main advances made by our research group on the heat transfer performance of complex stream architectures embedded in a conducting solid. The immediate application of this review work deals with ground-coupled heat pumps. Various configurations are considered: U-shaped with varying spacing between the parallel portions of the U, serpentines with three elbows, and trees with T- and Y-shaped bifurcations. In each case the volume ratio of fluid to soil is fixed. We determine the critical geometric features that allow the heat transfer density of the stream-solid configuration to be the highest that it can be. In the case of U-tubes and serpentines, the best spacing between parallel portions is discovered, whereas the vascular designs morph into bifurcations and angles of connection that provide progressively greater heat transfer rate per unit volume. Next we move to more complex underground structures, connecting several heat pumps to the same fluid loop. We conclude by comparing the merits of the two options.

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