Academic literature on the topic 'Soils Thixotropy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soils Thixotropy"
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Voznesensky, Eugene A., Vladimir Y. Kalachev, Victor T. Trofimov, and Victoria V. Kostomarova. "Dynamic instability of seasonally thawing silty soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-053.
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The peculiarities of the dynamic behaviour of silty soils in laboratory experiments that simulate their interaction with gas mining equipment are analyzed. These seasonally thawing soils appear to be very sensitive to dynamic loading and sometimes even liquefaction. Several peculiarities of their dynamic behaviour include: (i) their special sensitivity to very definite and narrow vibration frequency ranges, which vary with grain size and moisture content, and result from the resonant effects in the soil; (ii) the redistribution of pore water during the vibration and subsequent regain; (iii) the thixotropic recovery of the soil after vibration, resulting in the regain of its strength over initial levels, water content and density being constant. Both dilatant and thixotropic effects take place in such soils during dynamic loading, distinguishing them from both clean sands and clayey soils. On the basis of the peculiarities of dynamic behaviour discussed, the authors consider such soils as dilatantly thixotropic dispersed systems. Key words : dynamic properties, soils, thixotropy, liquefaction, resonance, silts.
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Abu-Farsakh, Murad, Firouz Rosti, and Ahmad Souri. "Evaluating pile installation and subsequent thixotropic and consolidation effects on setup by numerical simulation for full-scale pile load tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 11 (November 2015): 1734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0470.
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During pile installation, stresses and void ratios in the surrounding soils change significantly, creating large displacements, large strains, soil disturbance, and development of excess pore-water pressures. The surrounding disturbed soil tends to regain its strength with time due to both consolidation and thixotropic effects. In this paper, the pile installation process and subsequent consolidation, thixotropy, and load tests conducted at different times after end of driving (EOD) were modeled for test piles at the Bayou Laccassine Bridge site, Louisiana. In the finite element (FE) model, the pile was considered as an elastic material and the anisotropic modified Cam-clay model (AMCCM) was used to describe the behavior of the surrounding clayey soils. Pile installation was modeled by applying prescribed radial and vertical displacements on the nodes at the soil–pile interface (volumetric cavity expansion), followed by vertical deformation to activate the soil–pile interface friction and simulate static load tests. The thixotropic effect was incorporated by applying a time-dependent reduction parameter, β, which affects both interface friction and material properties. Results from the FE numerical simulation include the development of excess pore-water pressure during pile installation and its dissipation with time, the increase in effective lateral stress at the pile–soil interface, changes in stress state of the surrounding soil, and setup attributed to both the soil consolidation and thixotropy at different times. FE results are compared with measured values obtained from full-scale instrumented pile load tests, which show good agreement between measured and FE-predicted results.
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Kamil, Ahmed Shakir, and Ala Nasir Aljorany. "Thixotropic Hardening of Fao Clay." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.05.05.
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Fao region is characterized by weak soft silty clay to clayey silt thick layer which extends to a depth of about 20 m. The construction of some structures on such soils may needs piles. During the installation of driven piles, the soil geotechnical properties are exposed to significant changes result due to shearing under large shear strains. These changes significantly decrease the shear strength of the virgin soil due to the destruction of soil structure caused by remolding. The degradation of shear strength is usually followed by strength regaining which is called “Thixotropy”. In this study, the thixotropic effect on Fao clay was investigated. Many disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were brought from Fao region. Some of the soil samples were thoroughly remolded in the laboratory in its natural water content and molded as direct shear specimens. More than 180 specimens were prepared and tested over 36 weeks in order to accurately assess the percentage of strength regaining with time passing. The results show that soil remolding causes about a 45 % reduction in shear strength in comparing with the shear strength of the intact soil. This reduced percent in shear strength was almost fully regained after 25 weeks due to thixotropic effect.
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SANO, Hiroaki, Yoshinori DEMURA, Mikio YAMADA, and Kazuo ICHIMIYA. "EFFECT OF MONTMORILLONITE CONTENT ON THIXOTROPY OF COMPACTED SOILS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C 62, no. 2 (2006): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejc.62.305.
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Cui, Chun Yi, and Shou Long Chen. "Coupled Computational Analysis of Piled-Raft System on Saturated Rheologic Geomaterial Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.631.
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It is well-known that soils may display strong nonlinear and inelastic characteristics. Furthermore, the viscosity or rheology of soft clays cannot be usually overlooked in the design of major structures founded on soft ground. Especially, rheologic deformation of soils may get considerable under high stress level. In fact, the saturated soft ground usually displays low strength, sensitive thixotropy, and high compressibility. In this paper, the soil deformation on interaction behaviour of piled rafts and soil foundation by using a fully coupled finite-element method of consolidation in which an elasto-viscoplastic model is incorporated. Through numerical computations, it is demonstrated that the coupled creep-consolidation analysis can give a more rational evaluation of overall performance of interaction of piled raft and soils and conventional analyses which overlooks time-dependency of soil deformation may give rise of inaccuracy in engineering evaluation and design of structures.
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Zakrevskaya, L. V., K. A. Nikolaeva, A. I. Gandelsman, and P. A. Orekhov. "Soil bases modified with lime waste and polycarboxylates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2124, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2124/1/012023.
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Abstract Increasing the volume of road construction is one of the priority areas of infrastructure development in any country. When building roads, it is preferable to use local materials to reduce the cost of their transportation, therefore, it is advisable to build the roadbed on local soils. It is worth noting that clay water-saturated soils are the most common, which complicates the construction of the road due to some features of this type of soil. The object of the study is a water-saturated clay with the following characteristics: natural humidity from 25.3 % to 28.1% by weight, optimal humidity from 11.8 % to 16.7% by weight, the number of plasticity from 0.118 to 0.153. Clay soils have a number of features: waterlogged soils are difficult to compact and develop, it is quite problematic to dry them, and thixotropy is also characteristic of clay soils. In this regard, it is most advisable to use the method of complex mineral binders to optimize their physical and mechanical properties. In the course of laboratory studies, compositions of soil compositions with the addition of lime waste and superplasticizer P-17 were developed. The dependence of the strength on the consumption of mineral binders and surfactants is established: the maximum compressive strength of the soil being fixed is achieved at a lime content of 25 wt.% and at a P-17 content in the range of 0.10-0.5 wt.%.
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Eyo, Eyo, Samuel Abbey, Jonathan Oti, Samson Ng’ambi, Eshmaiel Ganjian, and Eoin Coakley. "Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Kaolin-Bentonite Mixture for Application in Compacted Liner Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041617.
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Treated bentonite-rich soils used as liner materials in landfills may provide an effective solution to the problems of increased void ratios upon swelling at reduced suction as well as desiccation cracking when suction is increased during desaturation. Accordingly, this study provides an understanding of the evolution of void ratio of the mixed materials during swelling at three different suction levels upon saturation as well as the soil water retention (SWR) during desaturation. For the treatment process, low quantity of cement binder whose production leverages raw material resources with efficient dry-process kilns and the benefit of lower energy consumption were used. Results indicated increased mixed soils’ strength irrespective of increased fines content due to thixotropy. The mixed soils exhibited almost equal values of void ratios at different hydration stages, suggesting that slightly reduced expansion mostly affects the subsequent phases of moisture ingress at full saturation compared to the natural soils. Lower values of void ratio obtained at full saturation also suggests possible reduced infiltration of water into landfills. The observed increased moisture retention within the osmotic suction zone and a decrease in the same as the fines content increased in the mixed soils can aid contaminant encapsulation while also reducing desiccation cracking. The findings of this research are intended to serve as a benchmark for further studies using other sustainable materials for treatment of mixed soils.
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Sun, Benhua, Paul G. Dennis, Kevin K. Newsham, David W. Hopkins, and Paul D. Hallett. "Gelifluction and Thixotropy of Maritime Antarctic Soils: Small-Scale Measurements with a Rotational Rheometer." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 28, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1886.
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Shao, Peng, Yu Yang Liu, Li Fen Zhou, and Yu Qi Wu. "Progress in Research on Explosion Induced Thixotropy of Concrete." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.643.
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Thixotropy is an important property possessed by fresh concrete of changing from gel to liquid under shearing stress and returning to the original state when at rest. The thixotropic process is usually described to be an isothermal and static (or quasi-static) gel-sol-gel transformation. Now the thixotropy of concrete subjected to explosive loads became a new subject in research of synchronous explosive lining technology, which offers an advanced trechless method for underground space construction in soil. Because the detonation of explosives is a short-duration process accompanying with high temperature and high pressure, thixotropic behavior of concrete is no longer as same as that of in general meaning. This review summarizes the recent progress in research on explosion induced thixotropy of concrete, including the thixotropic behavior, thixoforming, influence of thixotropic process on microstructure, macrostructure and mechanical performances of concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete. Additional, some arguments and suggestions for the future research are presented.
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Tang, Bin, Biaohe Zhou, Liang Xie, Jianfeng Yin, Shengnan Zhao, and Zhibing Wang. "Strength Recovery Model of Clay during Thixotropy." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8825107.
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Thixotropy is a hot topic in the field of rheology of dispersed systems. Many researchers have proposed different models and hypotheses to explain the thixotropy of clay. In this paper, the strength recovery model of Zhanjiang Formation clay in the process of thixotropy is studied. Firstly, through unconfined compressive strength test, the influence of soil sensitivity, moisture content, and density on the strength growth of remolded soil was studied. The results show great influence of sensitivity, moisture content, and density on the thixotropic strength of the Zhanjiang Formation clay: the higher the sensitivity and the density, the stronger the thixotropy of soil; the higher the moisture content, the weaker the thixotropy of soil. Based on the test results, a strength recovery model of Zhanjiang Formation clay in the process of thixotropy was established. The model was verified by the validation test data and the data obtained from the existing literature. The results suggest that the model prediction is in good agreement with the verification test data and data from existing literature, which proves the confidence of the model in predicting the degree of strength recovery in the process of thixotropy of Zhanjiang Formation clay. The model provides basis for stability calculation of surrounding soil after construction disturbance of underground structures in this stratum.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soils Thixotropy"
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Pignon, Frédéric. "Rhéologie des dispersions aqueuses thixotropes d'une argile de type hectorite." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0016.
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Le but de cette etude est l'identification et la comprehension des mecanismes gouvernant le comportement thixotrope dans les dispersions aqueuses d'une argile de type hectorite : la laponite. Cette argile modele, constituee de particules anisotropes de taille nanometrique, a permis de combiner les mesures rheometriques avec des mesures de diffusion de rayonnements, des visualisations du champ de deformation et des mesures de birefringence. Au repos, la structure des gels est constituee d'agregats microniques denses assembles en une masse fractale d'une dimension d. Pres de la transition sol-gel, d = 1, la texture est fibreuse. Aux fractions volumiques plus elevees, d = 1,8, la structure est une connexion de zones denses et de zones moins denses en particules. Des lois d'echelles theoriques et experimentales, ont permis de correler ces dimensions fractales a l'influence de la fraction volumique sur le seuil d'ecoulement. La transition sol-gel et la stabilite de la phase gel ont ete etudiees en fonction du temps de gelification et des parametres physico-chimiques. L'existence d'instabilites d'ecoulements, telle que la localisation du cisaillement, ont ete montrees, sur ces dispersions dont la courbe d'ecoulement est a minimum de contrainte. Les differents regimes d'ecoulements ont ete identifies et ont permis d'etablir des procedures fiables pour la caracterisation du comportement thixotrope. Sous ecoulement de cisaillement, la chute de viscosite provient d'orientations et de desagregation a l'echelle de longueur de l'ordre du micron. Lors de la restructuration, les deux echelles de temps mises en evidence, correspondent respectivement a une relaxation rapide des orientations et a un processus lent d'agregation. La nature du comportement thixotrope est alors identifiee comme etant principalement un processus d'agregation reversible, pour lequel les grandes echelles de longueur, de l'ordre du micron, associees a un arrangement fractal jouent un role determinant.
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Le, Manh Hai. "Caractérisation physique et mécanique des sols marins d'offshore profond." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003828.
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L'exploration et la production pétrolière en mer s'étendent vers des profondeurs d'eau sans cesse croissantes. Dans le Golfe de Guinée ou le Golfe du Mexique, les compagnies pétrolières exploitent actuellement des champs situés par des profondeurs d'eau de 1500 m à 2000 m. Les sols marins rencontrés sur ces zones d'offshore très profond présentent des caractéristiques particulières, différentes de celles des sédiments rencontrés sur le plateau continental. Ces sont essentiellement des sédiments argileux très fins normalement consolidés ou sous-consolidés dotés d'un comportement mécanique spécifique et complexe. La résistance au cisaillement non drainé est en général très faible, mais curieusement, sur certaines zones, on trouve en surface une couche avec des cohésions dix fois plus élevées qu'au dessous. Les approches conventionnelles ne permettent pas d'expliquer cette couche indurée. L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'améliorer la compréhension du comportement mécanique de ces sols de grandes profondeurs et d'étudier en particulier l'effet de la minéralogie, de la physico chimie et de la microstructure. Plusieurs hypothèses ont été envisagées pour expliquer l'origine de la couche indurée en surface : effet physico-chimique, bioturbation, vitesse de sédimentation. Les mesures physico chimiques et mécaniques effectuées sur des carottes disponibles ne permettent pas de trancher de façon définitive. Il est probable qu'il n'existe pas une cause unique. Plusieurs améliorations des procédures des essais d'identification des sols ont été proposées (teneur en matière organique, minéralogie, granulométrie). Les propriétés thixotropes de ces sols grands fonds ont été caractérisées par des mesures rhéologiques. Le comportement mécanique des sols a été étudié par des essais oedométriques et des essais triaxiaux. Les sédiments des grands fonds du Golfe de Guinée sont caractérisés par une forte compressibilité, éventuellement liée à la présence importante de smectite. La déstructuration du sol naturel en cours de compression a été bien observée. Les conditions expérimentales et les procédures opérationnelles d'essais triaxiaux drainés et non drainés sous très faibles contraintes ont été améliorées. La sensibilité des sédiments s'est démontrée être un paramètre bien adapté pour décrire le comportement d'un sédiment naturel structuré tel que celui du Golfe de Guinée. La microstructure du sol a été étudiée à l'aide d'analyse de Porosimétrie au Mercure et d'observations au Microscope Électronique à Balayage. Les observations ont apporté des éléments nécessaires pour clarifier le mécanisme de déstructuration du sol au niveau inter-aggrégats.
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Rugg, Dennis A. "Undrained, monotonic shear strength of loose, saturated sand treated with a thixotropic bentonite suspension for soil improvement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1995.
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Liquefaction is a phenomenon that occurs in loose saturated sand deposits that are subjected to earthquake loading. This phenomenon can cause massive displacements and significant destruction. Many methods for mitigating liquefaction have been proposed and investigated including compaction, drainage, and grouting. One such liquefaction mitigation technique involves the addition of bentonite fines to the pore spaces of a loose, saturated sand via permeation of an engineered clay suspension. This method of soil improvement has provided the basis and motivation for this research. Also, the effect of plastic and non-plastic fines on the static and cyclic response of sands is somewhat contradictory throughout the literature. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to characterize the affect of an engineered bentonite pore fluid on the undrained monotonic response of loose, saturated Ottawa sand in order to determine its feasibility for use as an effective method for liquefaction mitigation.
The permeation of engineered bentonite suspensions is proposed as a passive site remediation technique. Thus, the suspensions were delivered to loose Ottawa sand specimens in the laboratory by permeation in a newly designed three-way split mold. This split mold was used to create easily tested specimens that would have an initial soil fabric similar to that expected after permeation in the field. The bentonite suspensions were treated with sodium pyrophosphate to reduce the initial yield stress and viscosity in order to allow for permeation. Three different bentonite suspensions were utilized throughout this study each having different properties and delivering slightly different amounts of bentonite to the loose, saturated sand.
The affect of this engineered pore fluid on the undrained shear response of loose, saturated Ottawa sand was compared to the undrained shear response of clean sand and dry-mixed sand and bentonite. The specimen preparation method (dry-mixed or permeated) was shown to have a significant effect on the response of the sand specimens. While the dry-mixed specimens produced larger and more sustained positive pore water pressures than the clean sand (resulting in an increased tendency to flow), the permeated specimens showed a marked decrease in the generation of excess pore water pressures, displayed a more dilative response, and thus resulted in a soil structure that was less likely to flow. Finally, the results of tests on specimens permeated with engineered bentonite suspensions show that there is little to no change in the effective friction angle at critical state.
A method for effectively testing permeated soil specimens was developed in this study. This method has laid the framework for further investigations into the use of engineered bentonite suspensions for liquefaction mitigation by permeation grouting.text
Book chapters on the topic "Soils Thixotropy"
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Lutenegger, Alan J. "Thixotropy." In Laboratory Manual for Geotechnical Characterization of Fine-Grained Soils, 295–304. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263289-27.
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Chesworth, Ward, Otto Spaargaren, Amos Hadas, Pieter H. Groenevelt, Xosé L. Otero, T. O. Ferreira, P. Vidal, F. Macías, W. Chesworth, and Charles W. Finkl. "Thixotropy, Thixotropism." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 781–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_598.
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"thixotropic soil." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1390. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_200958.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soils Thixotropy"
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El Mohtar, C. S., J. Clarke, A. Bobet, M. Santagata, V. Drnevich, and C. Johnston. "Cyclic Response of a Sand with Thixotropic Pore Fluid." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)63.
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Aubeny, Charles, and Francisco Grajales. "Strain Path Analysis of Setup Time Around Piles and Caissons." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41088.
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Installation of driven piles and suction caissons in clayey soils generates excess pore pressures that temporarily reduce load capacity due to side resistance. Time dependent dissipation of these excess pore pressures leads to recovery of side resistance, a process known as ‘setup’. Since many facilities cannot be put into operation until sufficient pile load capacity has been mobilized, realistic predictions of setup time can be important. This study consists on the analysis of setup time following open ended pile and caisson installation. Initial excess pore pressures due to installation disturbance are predicted based on a strain path analysis based on a ring source moving at constant velocity in an incompressible medium. It is assumed that the setup occurs primarily due to dissipation of excess pore pressures generated during the installation process; thixotropic effects are neglected. The analysis employs an elastic perfectly plastic model of soil behavior and an uncoupled analysis of consolidation to simulate conditions on the pile shaft outside of the influence of tip effects. A parametric study shows that wall thickness and soil rigidity index can exert order of magnitude differences on setup time. Strain path solutions show reasonable agreement to laboratory and field measurements of pore pressure dissipation around thin-walled piles typical of suction caissons. Strain path solutions tend to underestimate setup time for driven piles, likely due to partial plugging during pile driving.
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Dashko, Regina, and Ivan Alekseev. "Underground Space of Saint-Petersburg as a Multicomponent System: Engineering Geological and Geotechnical Aspects of its Development." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.008.
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The paper offers a complex approach to assess underground space as a multi-component system for its development and utilization. It is indicated that a geotechnical analysis of sandy and clayey soils of St. Petersburg needs to be carried out based on two models, i.e. one for a jointed and blocky environs and the other for fine-pored media. It has been established that chemical composition of the ground water in the city is characterized with a high content of alkaline-earth elements, which proves the intensive destruction of construction materials, as well as with presence of organic substances judging by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5). For the first time ever, a microbiotic component has been distinguished which determines the following phenomena: 1) alteration of physical and mechanical properties of sandy and clayey soils; 2) development of flowing sand and thixotropic phenomena; 3) biocorrosion of various construction materials. It is stated that even consolidated morainic soils usually viewed as a safe foundation and media for structures of various applications are transformed into weak and easy-deformable materials characterized with low strength in conditions of intensive contamination.
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Westgate, Zack, Chris McMullin, and Don DeGroot. "Glauconite Sand Challenges for US Offshore Wind Development." In ASME 2022 4th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2022-98666.
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Abstract Glauconite sand, otherwise known as ‘greensand’, is a challenging sediment type that can pose significant risks to foundation installation and performance. This is due to its tendency to transform from a stiff, high permeability coarse-grained material to a weak, low permeability fine-grained material due to particle crushing. Glauconite is an iron potassium mica, characteristically green and often found in peloidal form. It forms under reducing conditions within shallow marine depositional environments and has been found in coastal regions of the USA including locations along the Atlantic Continental Shelf associated with offshore wind farm developments. Due to its friable nature, glauconite affects the geotechnical properties of the sediments in which it forms. Geotechnical laboratory tests performed on glauconite sand samples reveal a wide range in particle size gradation and high specific gravity. Intact glauconite sand exhibits high strength, but under moderate disturbance it readily degrades into a clay-like material, increasing plasticity, reducing shear strength, and exhibiting strong thixotropic behavior. Given its tendency to crush, in situ testing with cone penetrometers produces high tip resistance and high sleeve friction, limiting the usefulness of standard soil classification charts. This paper presents an overview of the geological basis for glauconite sand formation, describes its depositional environment and maturation process, and presents results from recent tests performed on glauconite sands from the USA. Implications on pile installation and performance are discussed.