Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soins intensifs pédiatriques'
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Martel, Brigitte. "Étude descriptive de l'expérience de l'excellence de la pratique des infirmières en soins intensifs pédiatriques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19370.
Full textMartel, Brigitte. "Étude descriptive de l'expérience de l'excellence de la pratique infirmière en soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24823/24823.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Pierre-Luc. "Développement et évaluation d’une activité de formation continue pour les infirmières et infirmiers œuvrant en soins critiques pédiatriques concernant le processus de don d’organes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8959.
Full textDemaret, Pierre. "Anémie à la sortie de réanimation pédiatrique : prévalence, marqueurs de risque et prise en charge." Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS037.
Full textAnemia is frequent at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and during PICU stay, and it is associated with bad outcomes during critical illness. Moreover, restrictive transfusional strategies are currently recommended for most of the critically ill children. Therefore, it makes sense to wonder about anemia at discharge from PICU.This is a relevant question: indeed, anemia is associated with worse outcomes in several non-critical settings. It is thus plausible that anemia at PICU discharge is associated with bad post-PICU outcomes, which is particularly relevant nowadays considering the low mortality rate reported in PICU.The main finality of our research program is the association between post-PICU anemia and post-PICU outcomes, and eventually the impact of the treatment of anemia on post-PICU outcomes. However, to date, published data on anemia at discharge from PICU are almost non-existent. The first step of our research program is thus to obtain a global picture of the current situation: this is the aim of this thesis.The objectives of this thesis are to determine the prevalence of anemia at discharge from PICU, its risk markers, and its management by pediatric intensivists. To reach these goals, we plan to conduct three studies: a prospective monocenter study including a cohort of children admitted during a 1-year period in a tertiary PICU in Montreal, Canada; a retrospective bi-center study including a cohort of children admitted during a 5-year period in the tertiary PICUs of Lille and Lyon; and an international survey distributed to PICU physicians across the world and aiming to assess their prescriptions of red blood cells, iron and erythropoietin to children anemic at PICU discharge.These studies are required to assess the importance of the problem, to identify subgroups of children at risk of anemia after critical illness, to raise hypotheses on the causes of this anemia, and to determine the way pediatric intensivists perceive and treat discharge anemia (do they treat it like they treat anemia during the acute phase of critical illness?). These data will help to construct future studies on this topic and to interpret the results of these future studies
Leclair, Alexandre. "Soutenir les trois niveaux de la conscience de la situation à l’aide d’un tableau de bord de gestion causal : une étude expérimentale appliquée à la gestion de la performance d’une unité de soins intensifs pédiatriques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11850.
Full textFléchelles, Olivier. "Études épidémiologiques régionales et nationales des infections virales respiratoires sévères de l’enfant : intérêts pour la prise en charge préventive et curative." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0371/document.
Full textRespiratory viruses are responsible for much pediatric pathology with significant morbidity. These viruses are well known for a long time but are subject to constant changes. The development of antibiotics, antivirals, intensive care, vaccination, knowledge on hygiene has modified the impact of these viruses on human populations. Our predominantly urban lifestyles support local viral spread by bringing almost all children together in nurseries or schools. In the same way, the large use of modern transport facilities especially air transport (which connect all continents between them) facilitate the world viral spread. In this new environment, should we apply the same medical reasoning all over the world to fight against these infections? This thesis brings new knowledge on this topic, focusing on influenza virus and syncytial respiratory virus:1) During Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, hospitalizations of children with asthma increase, but they were least often to be ventilated during their pediatric intensive care stay.2) The value of vaccination against the pandemic virus to reduce the use of assisted ventilation in children hospitalized in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.3) Canada did not experience a third pandemic wave in 2010 because of a massive vaccination campaign that, even late, was effective one year later.4) The bronchiolitis season in the tropics is different from what we know in temperate countries. It is mandatory to adjust management recommendations in the light of regional data.By describing the kinetics and impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic on children in pediatric intensive care in Canada from October 2009 to March 2011, comparing this cohort to a similar cohort in France, and comparing 2 epidemics of VRS in Martinique (French West Indies) in 2007 and 2008 with those that have been carried out in temperate countries, this thesis is an example why we have to constantly question our knowledge because of climate change, change in society and medical knowledge evolution
Demaret, Pierre. "Transfusions de globules rouges aux soins intensifs pédiatriques : épidémiologie et déterminants." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10907.
Full textRed blood cell (RBC) transfusions are common in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, there are no recent data on transfusion practices in PICU. Our objective was 1) to describe transfusion practice in PICU, which means that we aimed to determine the incidence rate and to characterize the determinants of RBC transfusion, 2) to compare this practice with that observed ten years earlier, and 3) to estimate the compliance to the recommendation of a large randomized clinical trial, the TRIPICU study. We conducted a single center prospective observational study over a one-year period. Information was abstracted from medical charts. Determinants of transfusion were searched for daily until the first transfusion in transfused cases or until PICU discharge in non-transfused cases. The justifications for transfusions claimed by the attending physicians were assessed using a questionnaire. Among 913 consecutive admissions, 842 were enrolled. At least one RBC transfusion was given in 144 patients (17.1%). The mean hemoglobin level before the first transfusion was 77.3±27.2 g/L. The determinants of a first transfusion event retained in the multivariate analysis were young age (< 12 months), congenital heart disease, lowest hemoglobin level ≤ 70 g/L, severity of illness, and some organ dysfunctions. The three most frequently quoted justifications for RBC transfusion were a low hemoglobin level, intent to improve oxygen delivery, and hemodynamic instability. The main recommendation of the TRIPICU study was applied in 96.4% of the first transfusion events. In conclusion, RBC transfusions are frequent in PICU. Young age, congenital heart disease, low hemoglobin level, severity of illness and some organ dysfunctions are significant determinants of RBC transfusions in PICU. Most first transfusion events were prescribed according to recent recommendations.
Pettersen, Géraldine. "Pantoprazole intraveineux aux soins intensifs pédiatriques: un modèle de pharmacocinétique de population." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2713.
Full textAims : To characterize the pharmacokinetics of intravenous pantoprazole in a paediatric intensive care population and to determine the influence of demographic factors, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hepatic dysfunction and concomitantly used cytochrome (CYP) 2C19 inhibitors on the drug’s pharmacokinetics. Methods : A total of 156 pantoprazole concentrations from 20 patients (aged from 10 days to 16.4 years) at risk for or with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, who received pantoprazole doses ranging from 19.9 to 140.6 mg/1.73m2/day, were analyzed using non compartmental and non linear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM) approaches. Results : The non compartmental results showed that median clearance (CL), apparent volume of distribution and elimination half-life were 0.14 L/h/kg, 0.20 L/kg and 1.7 h, respectively. The best structural model for pantoprazole was a two-compartment model with zero order infusion and first order elimination. Body weight, SIRS, age, hepatic dysfunction and presence of CYP2C19 inhibitors were the significant covariates affecting CL, accounting for 75% of interindividual variability. Only body weight significantly influenced central volume of distribution (Vc). In the final population model, the estimated CL and Vc were 5.28 L/h and 2.22 L, respectively, for a typical five year old child weighing 20 kg. Pantoprazole CL increased with weight and age whereas the presence of SIRS, CYP2C19 inhibitors and hepatic dysfunction, when present separately, significantly decreased pantoprazole CL by 62.3%, 65.8% and 50.5%, respectively. Conclusion : These results provide important information to physicians regarding selection of a starting dose and dosing regimen of pantoprazole for paediatric intensive care patients based on various factors frequently encountered in this population.
Payen, valérie. "Facteurs de risque de ventilation mécanique prolongée aux soins intensifs pédiatriques : étude épidémiologique descriptive." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4797.
Full textRationale. Invasive mechanical ventilation is associated, if prolonged, with higher morbidity and mortality. Up to 64% of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) require invasive ventilation but little epidemiological data are available on children requiring prolonged acute invasive mechanical ventilation. Objectives. To determine the incidence rate and early risk factors for prolonged acute invasive mechanical ventilation in children. Methods. We conducted a retrolective longitudinal cohort study over a one-year period. All consecutive episodes of invasive mechanical ventilation in the PICU of Sainte-Justine Hospital were included. Risk factors for prolonged (≥ 96 hours) versus short (< 96 hours) ventilation were determined by logistic regression. Results. Among the 360 episodes of invasive ventilation, 36% had a length ≥ 96 hours. Following multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for prolonged acute invasive mechanical ventilation were: age <12 months, PRISM score ≥ 15 at admission, mean airway pressure ≥13 cm H2O on day one, use of continuous intravenous sedation on day one and use of non-invasive ventilation prior to intubation. Conclusion. Prolonged acute mechanical ventilation occurs in approximately one third of ventilated children. Younger children (aged <12 months) may be different from older patients and may require different strategies to decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation. Severity of illness, the aggressiveness of ventilatory support required and the use of continuous intravenous sedation on the first day of ventilation are also risk factors to consider in trials aimed at reducing mechanical ventilation duration.
De, Cloedt Lise. "La surcharge volémique liée à la transfusion : définition et épidémiologie aux soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23659.
Full textRed blood cell transfusions are common practice in intensive care and lead to many adverse reactions. This research project is focused on the most frequent fatal complication: transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO). In our first study, we tried to determine the impact of the diagnostic criteria of the adult definition of TACO in a pediatric intensive care population. The definition was applied to 136 pediatric intensive care patients during their stay. We obtained highly variable incidence rates (from 1.5 to 76%) depending on the interpretation of the diagnostic criteria. Our second study is a scoping review of the literature about TACO in intensive care, both adult and pediatric, regardless of the type of labile blood product transfused. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, namely, to describe at least one of the following criteria: incidence, risk factors or outcomes of TACO. Eight studies were observational. Only three studies were conducted in pediatric population. The results showed a pooled incidence of TACO which is higher (5.5%) in intensive care than in the general population. The main risk factors in the adult population were related to the positive pre-existing fluid balance, the characteristics of the transfusion itself and the patients’ preexisting comorbidities. Furthermore, the results showed an association between TACO in adult intensive care and an increased length of stay. None of the included pediatric study reported data on risk factors or outcomes. This research demonstrates that the current TACO definition is not applicable for the pediatric intensive care population. There is limited literature about TACO in intensive care despite its occurrence rate and the associated risks; other studies are therefore necessary to enhance its comprehension. We will touch on potential research pathways that would lead to a better understanding of this deadly transfusion complication.
Armano, Ruth. "Étude épidémiologique descriptive sur les déterminants de la transfusion de globules rouges en soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17691.
Full textBailey, Dennis. ""Facteurs de risque de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) en soins intensifs pédiatriques : étude prospective épidémiologique"." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15410.
Full textDu, Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève. "Transfusions de concentrés plaquettaires aux soins intensifs pédiatriques : épidémiologie, indications, effets bénéfiques et adverses potentiels." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18555.
Full textAbstract 1 Incidence of hypotension and acute isolated hypotensive transfusion reactions following platelet concentrate transfusions Background and objectives: Platelet concentrates (PCs) are associated with transfusion reactions involving hypotension, particularly bradykinin-mediated acute isolated hypotensive transfusion reactions. This study aims to determine the incidence of hypotensive events and more specifically acute isolated hypotensive transfusion reactions associated with PC transfusions. We also sought to ascertain whether these reactions are associated with high bradykinin levels. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study of PCs administered at Sainte-Justine Hospital over 28 months. All PCs administered during this period were screened for hypotension through review of all transfusion-associated reaction reports (TARRs) sent to the blood bank. All residual PC bags were returned to the blood bank. TARRs associated with hypotension were reviewed by adjudicators who established the imputability of the PC transfusion to the reaction. Bradykinin levels were measured in the first 168 PC bags returned to the blood bank. Levels were compared between PCs associated with hypotension and control PCs not associated with hypotension. Results: A total of 3672 PC bags were returned to the blood bank; 25 PCs were associated with hypotension. Adjudicators ascertained that five hypotensive events were 8 imputable to PCs of which one was an acute isolated hypotensive transfusion reaction (incidence per transfusion: 0.03%). Bradykinin level in the latter PC was 10 pg/ml, whereas levels were 226.2 pg/ml (95%CI : 20.0-432.4 pg/ml) in the 143 control PCs. Conclusion: Our results show a low incidence of hypotension after PC transfusion. We identified only one acute isolated hypotensive transfusion reaction. No correlation between bradykinin level and the occurrence of acute isolated hypotensive reactions could be observed given that only one event was identified. Abstract 2 Platelet transfusions in pediatric intensive care Objectives: To characterize the epidemiology and the determinants of platelet transfusion (PT) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and determine whether there exists an association between PT and adverse outcomes. Design: Prospective observational single center study, combined with a self-administered survey. Setting: PICU of Sainte-Justine Hospital, a university-affiliated tertiary care institution. Patients: All children admitted to the PICU from April 2009 to April 2010. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Among 842 consecutive PICU admissions, 60 patients (7.1%) received at least one PT while in PICU. In the univariate analysis, significant determinants for PT transfusion were admission PRISM >10 (odds ratio (OR): 6.80; 95%CI: 2.5-18.3, p <0.01) and PELOD scores >20 (OR: 26.9; 95%CI: 8.88- 81.5, p<0.01), history of malignancy (OR: 5.08; 95%CI: 2.43-10.68, p <0.01), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50 x 109/L or < 50,000/mm3) (OR: 141; 95%CI: 50.4- 394.5, p <0.01), use of heparin (OR:3.03; 95%CI 1.40-6.37, p <0.01), shock (OR: 5.73; 95%CI: 2.85-11.5, p<0.01) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (OR: 10.41; 95%CI: 5.89-10.40, p <0.01). In the multivariate analysis, platelet count <50 x109/L (OR: 138; 95%CI: 42.6-449, p<0.01) and age less than 12 months (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.03-9.10, p=0.02) remained statistically significant determinants. The attending physicians were asked why they gave a PT; the most frequent justification was prophylactic platelet transfusion in presence of thrombocytopenia with an average pre10 transfusion platelet count of 32 ±27 x109/L(median 21), followed by active bleeding with an average pre-transfusion platelet count of 76 ±39 x109/L(median 72). PTs were associated with the subsequent development of MODS (OR: 2.53; 95%CI: 1.18-5.43, p=0.03) and mortality (OR: 10.1; 95%CI: 4.48-22.7, p<0.01). Conclusions: 7.1% of children received at least one PT while in PICU. Thrombocytopenia and active bleeding are significant determinants of PT. Patients that received PTs had a higher risk of developing MODS and had a higher risk of mortality.
Mathieu, Audrey. "Processus de validation d’une base de données haute résolution dans une unité de soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24502.
Full textObjective: Our objective was to evaluate the data quality of our high-resolution electronic database (HRDB) implemented in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of HSJ. Design: A descriptive report and analysis of a prospective validation of a HRDB. Setting: A 32 beds pediatric medical, surgical and cardiac PICU in a tertiary care free-standing maternal-child health center in Canada. Population: All patients admitted to the PICU with at least one vital sign recorded using a cardiorespiratory monitor connected to the central monitoring station. Measurements and Main Results: Between June 2017 and August 2018, data from 295 patient days were recorded from medical devices and 4,645 data points were video recorded and compared to the corresponding data collected in the HSJ-PICU HRDB. Statistical analysis showed excellent overall correlation, agreement and reliability. Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent accuracy and precision between recorded and collected data within clinically significant pre-defined limits of agreement. Conclusions: This prospective validation study performed on a representative sample showed excellent overall data quality.
Houle, Karine. "Identification d'interventions infirmières auprès de parents dont un enfant a subi une réanimation cardiorespiratoire à l'unité des soins intensifs pédiatriques." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7787.
Full textFlechelles, Olivier. "Pandémie H1N1 : comparaison Canada-France des enfants hospitalisés en Soins Intensifs Pédiatriques Étude épidémiologique descriptive à partir de 2 cohortes nationales." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9957.
Full textBackground: The pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 resulted in a large number of admissions to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The objective of the study was to compare the incidence and mortality rate of children admitted to PICU in autumn 2009 between France and Canada, two countries that essentially differed by their population immunization to this virus (first pandemic wave in summer and vaccine coverage >50% in Canada; no wave in summer and vaccine coverage of 18% in France). Methods: We compared two national cohorts that included all patients with documented H1N1pdm09 infection, admitted to a PICU in Canada and in France between October 1st 2009 and January 31st 2010. Results: In Canada, 160 children (incidence=2.63/100,000 children) in 6 weeks were hospitalized in PICU compared to 125 children (incidence=1.15/100,000) in 11 weeks in France (p<0.001). Prior vaccination was under 25% among critically ill children in both countries. Severity of illness at PICU admission and mortality rates were similar in Canada and France (6.5%, vs 4.4 p=0.45, respectively). In Canada, H1N1pdm09 vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of requiring invasive ventilation (Odd Ratio 0.30, 95%Confidence Interval 0.11-0.83, p=0.02). In Canada as compared to France, median PICU length of stay and invasive ventilation durations were shorter (2.9 vs 3 days, p=0.03 and 4 vs 6 days, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Critically ill Canadian and French children were much less likely to have received prior vaccination against influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in comparison to all children in the populations. In Canada, where vaccination rate was higher, the risk of severe respiratory failure was less among those critically ill children receiving prior vaccination.
Morissette, Geneviève. "Facteurs de risque de mortalité des enfants à l’initiation de la thérapie de remplacement rénal aux soins intensifs." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18875.
Full textIntroduction: Mortality rate associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) exceeds 50%. Prior studies on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have highlighted different mortality risk factors including the presence of a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and fluid overload ≥ 10 to 20% before starting RRT. The aim of this study was to identify most important risk factors of 28-day mortality in patients with AKI at RRT initiation in PICU. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care pediatric center. All critically ill children who underwent acute continuous RRT or intermittent hemodialysis for AKI between January 1998 and December 2014 were included. A case report form was developed and specific risk factors were identified by a panel of four pediatric intensivists and two nephrologists. Risk factors analysis was made using logistic regression in SPSS and SAS software. Results: Ninety patients were included. The median age was 9 [2-14] years. The most common indication for RRT initiation was fluid overload (FO) (64.2%). The median PICU length of stay was 18.5 [8.0-31.0] days. Forty of the 90 patients (44.4%) died within 28 days after RRT initiation and forty-five (50.0%) died before PICU discharge. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a PELOD score ≥ 20 (OR 4.66; 95%CI 1.68-12.92) and percentage of FO ≥ 15% (OR 9.31; 95%CI 2.16-40.11) at RRT initiation were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: This study suggests that fluid overload and severity of MODS measured by PELOD score are two risk factors of 28-day mortality in PICU patients on RRT.
Ducharme-Crevier, Laurence. "Le mode de ventilation neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) est faisable, bien toléré, et permet la synchronie entre le patient et le ventilateur pendant la ventilation non invasive aux soins intensifs pédiatriques : étude physiologique croisée." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16258.
Full textIntroduction: The need for intubation after noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure is frequent in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). One reason is patient-ventilator asynchrony during NIV. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of ventilation controlled by the patient’s neural respiratory drive. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and tolerance of NIV-NAVA in children and to evaluate its impact on synchrony and respiratory effort. Methods: This prospective, physiologic, crossover study included 13 patients requiring NIV in the PICU of Sainte-Justine’s Hospital from October 2011 to May 2013. Patients were successively ventilated in conventional NIV as prescribed by the physician in charge (30 minutes), in NIV-NAVA (60 minutes), and again in conventional NIV (30 minutes). Electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) and airway pressure were simultaneously recorded to assess patient-ventilator synchrony. Results: NIV-NAVA was feasible and well tolerated in all patients. One patient asked to stop the study early because of anxiety related to the leak-free facial mask. Inspiratory trigger dys-synchrony and cycling-off dys-synchrony were significantly shorter in NIV-NAVA versus initial and final conventional NIV periods (both p< 0.05). Wasted efforts were also decreased in NIV-NAVA (all values expressed as median and interquartile values): 0 (0 - 0) in NIV-NAVA versus 12% (4 - 20) and 6% (2 - 22) in initial and final conventional NIV, respectively (p< 0.01). As a whole, total time spent in asynchrony was reduced to 8% (6 - 10) in NIV-NAVA, versus 27% (19 - 56) and 32% (21 - 38) in initial and final conventional NIV, respectively (p= 0.05). No difference in term of respiratory effort was noted. Conclusion: NIV-NAVA is feasible and well tolerated in PICU patients and allows improved patient-ventilator synchronization. Larger controlled studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical impact of these findings.
Eddington, Kay Allen. "Relationship between monitored elements and prescribed ventilator setting modifications in critically ill children." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8363.
Full textPediatric intensivists have a multiplicity of elements available to guide them in mechanical ventilator decision-making; however, no prospective studies describe which elements intensivists currently use to make ventilator setting changes. Objectives: We describe the current practice of ventilator setting modification in the intensive care unit at Sainte-Justine Hospital, a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Hypothesis: Eighty percent of ventilator settings affecting carbon dioxide clearance are based on the PCO2 or pH while eighty percent of settings affecting oxygenation are based on pulse oximetry. Methods: Caregivers recorded the primary element and any secondary elements leading to a ventilator setting change at the time of the change via a custom-designed data gathering software. Results: We included twenty patients. Of a combined 194 changes affecting CO2 clearance, 42.3% ±7.0% were in reference to blood PCO2 or pH. Of forty-one changes to positive end-expiratory pressure, 34.1% ±14.5% were in reference to pulse oximetry, as were 84.5% ±2.5% of the 813 changes to the fraction of inspired oxygen. Conclusion: Physicians over-estimate the role of blood pH and PCO2 in their ventilator management, while under-estimating the role of other elements. Improving our understanding of current practice patterns can help in the development of systems to aid in clinical decision-making in mechanical ventilation, improving clinical outcomes.
Stevenson, Moire. "Being a bereaved parent : early bereavement experiences and perspectives on paediatric palliative care and bereavement services." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11433.
Full textThe death of a child is considered one of the most stressful and difficult experiences a person can face. Clinicians, hospitals, and other organizations want to help and support bereaved parents through their grief, but their efforts are hampered by a lack of research in the area of parental bereavement. This dissertation is comprised of two literature reviews and one empirical study that attempt to address this gap and inform services in paediatric palliative care in general, and in bereavement support in particular. The first article consists of an examination of the needs of patients receiving paediatric palliative care and their families. By metasummarizing the descriptive and qualitative research in the area, 10 need domains were found. The results were generally in agreement with current guidelines in paediatric palliative and end-of-life care; however, there were several aspects of care that were reported as lacking or problematic that are not addressed in these guidelines and that should be considered in future guideline and policy creation. In the second article, parents’ adaptation to their grief and elements found to influence their adaptation were examined. The aim was to synthesize the relevant literature in a way that could be useful to clinicians; to this end, a narrative synthesis method was employed in order to synthesize both quantitative and qualitative research in the area of parental bereavement. The results suggest important elements to keep in mind when assessing how parents adapt to their grief. The results also suggest aspects related to better adaptation, which could serve as potential avenues for support and intervention. However, this review also demonstrated certain methodological issues in the literature that hinder the synthesis and clinical applicability of the findings. The objective of the third article was to inform bereavement follow-up and support services through the use of an interpretive description methodology. To this end, 21 bereaved parents (including 5 parental couples) and 7 hospital staff involved in bereavement follow-up activities at two paediatric hospitals were interviewed, and the clinical applicability of the results verified through various meetings with project collaborators and service/program providers. The results of the study describe how parents coped with their grief in the early phase of their bereavement, as well as their perspectives on how various bereavement follow-up services helped them cope. We found that parents regulate their intense feelings of grief through either loss-oriented or restoration-oriented strategies, including attempts to reorganize their self-identity and connection to their deceased child; often parents’ relationships with others help them cope in these ways. The insights we gained from the respondents also allowed us to elucidate how various bereavement support and follow-up services were helpful. These results are discussed along with the clinical implications and how these findings can inform bereavement service providers.
Samson, Marie-Ève. "Essai clinique randomisé comparant la méthadone et la morphine pour la prévention du syndrome de sevrage aux opiacés en pédiatrie." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23623.
Full textBackground : The prolonged use of opioids has been associated with opioid tolerance and weaning is necessary to prevent opioid withdrawal symptoms (OWS). Little research exist for an ideal effective opioid taper to reduce the prevalence of OWS. This study aim to compare the effectiveness of two opioid taper strategies, enteral’s methadone and morphine, in preventing the occurrence of OWS among pediatric intensive care patients. Design: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial in mechanically ventilated children (MVCs) hospitalized in 2 pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Methods: Eligible patients were MVCs at moderate risk of OWS admitted in PICU of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine or the Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil de Québec between November 1, 2003 and May 31, 2009. We assessed the total weaning duration, the OWS’s incidence and the OWS’s severity in a methadone’s and a morphine’s taper schedule. Results: Forty-eight patients were included, 22 in the methadone group and 26 in the morphine group and 30 patients completed the weaning protocol (16 methadone and 14 morphine). The median duration of weaning was 5.4 days among methadone’s patients as opposed to 5.8 days among morphine’s group (p=0.49). There was no statistical difference between groups for OWS’s incidence (62.5% vs 42.9%; p=0.46), nor for its severity (12.5% vs 14.3% of severe OWS; p=0.62). Conclusion: The use of a standardized opioid weaning protocol with enteral methadone was as effective as the enteral morphine one’s to prevent OWS. Further studies are needed to determine an ideal opioid taper to reduce OWS.
Santschi, Miriam. "Étude multicentrique sur les stratégies de ventilation mécanique employées chez les enfants avec un œdème pulmonaire lésionnel." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3662.
Full textAcute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome are life-threatening conditions frequently leading to respiratory support with mechanical ventilation. Studies on mechanical ventilation strategies in adult patients have led to lung protective ventilation recommendations. However, there are few pediatric clinical trials on optimal mechanical ventilation management in Acute Lung Injury and it is still unclear if strategies studied in adults are equally beneficial to children. Objective Describe mechanical ventilation strategies in Acute Lung Injury in children. Methods Cross-sectional study for six 24-hour periods from June to November 2007 across 59 Pediatric Intensive Care Units in 12 countries in North America and Europe. We identified children meeting Acute Lung Injury criteria and collected detailed information on illness severity, mechanical ventilation support and use of adjunctive therapies. Results Of 3823 patients screened, 414 (10.8%) were diagnosed with Acute Lung Injury and 165 were included in the study (124 received conventional mechanical ventilation, 27 high frequency oscillatory ventilation, 14 non-invasive mechanical ventilation). In the conventional mechanical ventilation group, 43.5% were ventilated in a pressure control mode, the mean tidal volume was 8.3±3.3 ml/kg and there was no clear relationship between PEEP and FiO2 delivery. Conclusions Our study reveals inconsistent mechanical ventilation practice and use of adjunctive therapies in children with Acute Lung Injury. Rigorous evaluation of ventilator management strategies in children with an Acute Lung Injury are urgently needed to guide standardization of care and optimize clinical outcomes.
Willems, Ariane. "Comparaison entre deux stratégies transfusionnellles en postopératoire de chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3637.
Full textAnemia is frequent in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. Despite frequent transfusions, the optimal hemoglobin threshold where benefits surpass risks is still unknown for these patients. Recently, Lacroix et al. showed that a restrictive transfusion strategy was not inferior to a liberal strategy concerning the development or progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. In the absence of evidence, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of a restrictive versus a liberal transfusion strategy on new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children following cardiac surgery. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the postoperative cardiac surgery patients of the Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (TRIPICU) study. Our study showed no statistically and clinically significant differences in the number of patients who acquired or worsened MODS, nor secondary outcomes between a restrictive and a liberal transfusion strategy. This subgroup analysis generates a research hypothesis that should be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Willems, Ariane. "Comparaison entre deux stratégies transfusionnelles en postopératoire de chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3637.
Full textAnemia is frequent in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. Despite frequent transfusions, the optimal hemoglobin threshold where benefits surpass risks is still unknown for these patients. Recently, Lacroix et al. showed that a restrictive transfusion strategy was not inferior to a liberal strategy concerning the development or progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. In the absence of evidence, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of a restrictive versus a liberal transfusion strategy on new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children following cardiac surgery. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the postoperative cardiac surgery patients of the Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (TRIPICU) study. Our study showed no statistically and clinically significant differences in the number of patients who acquired or worsened MODS, nor secondary outcomes between a restrictive and a liberal transfusion strategy. This subgroup analysis generates a research hypothesis that should be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Larouche, Alexandrine. "L'activité tonique diaphragmatique chez les enfants avec et sans support respiratoire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16262.
Full textBackground: Infants have to actively maintain their end expiratory lung volume (EELV) due to their high rib cage compliance. Mechanisms such as high respiratory rate, short expiratory time and laryngeal braking are implicated. In mechanically ventilated infants, the diaphragm stays activated until the end of expiration (tonic activity), contributing to EELV maintenance. It is unclear whether tonic activity compensates for the lack of laryngeal braking due to intubation or if it is normally present. Objective: To determine if tonic diaphragm activity remains after extubation in infants, and if it can be observed in older children. Methods: Prospective observational study of pediatric patients 1 week to 18 years-old ventilated for >24 hr with parental consent. Diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) was recorded using a specific nasogastric catheter during four periods: (i) the acute phase, (ii) pre-extubation, (iii) postextubation, and (iv) at PICU discharge. EADi was analyzed in a semi-automatic manner. Tonic EAdi was defined as the EAdi in the last quartile of expiration. Results: Fifty-five patients, median age 10 months (Interquartile range: 1–48) were studied. In infants (<1 year, n=28), tonic EAdi as a percentage of inspiratory activity was 48% (30-56) in acute phase, 38% (25-44) pre-extubation, 28% (17-42) post-extubation et 33% (22-43) at PICU discharge (p<0.05, ANOVA, with statistically significant difference between recordings 1 and 3-4). No significant change was observed between pre- and post-extubation periods. In older patients (n=27), tonic activity was negligible as a whole (0.6mcv). However, significant tonic EAdi (>1mcv and >10%) was observed in 10 patients (37%). Bronchiolitis was the only independent factor associated with tonic EAdi. Conclusions: In infants, tonic EAdi remains involved in ventilatory control after extubation and restoration of laryngeal braking. Tonic EAdi can be reactivated in older patients. The interest of tonic EAdi as a tool to titrate mechanical ventilation warrants further evaluation.
Gomez, Cardona Liliana. "Ce sang qui n’est pas le mien : sens, liens et paradoxes de la transfusion sanguine : une étude anthropologique des familles en contexte clinique pédiatrique." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21119.
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