Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soja – Amélioration'
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Malle, Sidiki. "Études d’association pangénomique pour l’identification des régions génomiques influençant la qualité nutritionnelle chez le soya canadien." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40192.
Full textSoybean is an important source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients, such as minerals. A major function of protein in nutrition is to provide adequate amounts of amino acids. Although essential for human health and animal nutrition, the sulfur amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are often limiting and the genetic basis underlying their accumulation in soybeans seeds is poorly characterized. Another factor no less important for the nutritional quality of soybeans is its mineral content, which affects the end-use traits of both the oil and protein fractions as well as the quality of seed (germination rate, vigor of seedlings). Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to Canadian soybean varieties in terms of their content in sulfur amino acids and important minerals in seeds. The enhancement of seed nutrient content via genetic improvement is considered as the most promising and cost-effective approach to contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet, which provides the consumer with the necessary quantity of nutrients for good health. To facilitate breeding for increased nutritional quality, it is necessary to identify the genetic determinants underlying various nutrients and to develop markers allowing this selection. Currently, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) is the most powerful approach for determining the genetic basis of a trait. In the most favorable cases, not only do these analyses make it possible to identify genomic regions which control all or part of the trait of interest, but they can even make it possible to identify candidate genes which play a direct role in the trait of interest. The goals of this thesis were to determine the genetic basis of key components of the nutritional value of soybeans, namely the seed content in sulfur amino acids (Cys / Met) and four major mineral elements (Ca, K, P and S). In both cases, a GWAS was performed on a collection of 137 lines representative of the genetic diversity encountered in early-maturing Canadian soybeans. In part 1, Cys and Met content were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on seed from five environments in total. Genotypic data for 2.2 M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to perform an association analysis. In an initial discovery phase based on the data from two environments, we were able to identify a total of ten genomic regions (QTL), most of which were identified for the first time. To ensure the reliability and reproducibility of these QTLs, we validated a large majority of these in three additional environments. These QTLs allowed us to identify two candidate genes, both of which code for proteins involved in cysteine synthesis. In part 2, mineral content was measured in seed of the same 137 lines using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) harvested from five environments in total. The association analyses were carried out with the same genotypic data set (2.2 M SNP) as in part 1. Eight QTLs significantly associated with the Ca, K, P and S content were identified by at least two of the three statistical models used. These QTLs were found to be highly reproducible as they influenced the studied traits in three additional environments. Indeed, seven of the eight QTLs were validated in this fashion. For these QTLs regions, we were able to identify thee candidate gene annotated as being involved in the transport or the assimilation of these mineral elements. Compared to previous studies, the high density of markers used in this study has contributed to the reproducible detection of several new loci associated with the content of sulfur amino acids or mineral elements. In addition, it has made it possible to identify promising candidate genes. The markers and genes identified in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of soybeans through marker-assisted selection.
Suc, Sylvie. "Amélioration génétique de la teneur en protéines du soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027A.
Full textLevrault, Frédéric. "Analyse par imagerie IRC du fonctionnement de parcelles de soja plus ou moins irriguées." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30232.
Full textZougari, Ben Elkhayat Abdessadeq. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : les lipoxygénases et les protéines, et effets de la nutrition azotée." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022A.
Full textDaydé, Jean. "Contribution à l'amélioration génétique du soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) par la création de variétés semi-déterminées ou déterminées." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT001A.
Full textBurias, Nicole. "Amélioration de la fixation symbiotique de l'azote et productivité chez le soja (Glycine max. (L. ) Merrill)." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT011A.
Full textColson, Josiane. "Développement reproducteur du soja-impact des conditions de culture et modélisation du potentiel de production variétal." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30139.
Full textBouchez, Agnès. "Contribution à la construction et à la validation des index de sélection : application à la sélection du soja." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT015A.
Full textFabre, Françoise. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine et fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015A.
Full textCabané, Mireille. "Effets du froid sur le développement du soja : Modifications de la synthèse des protéines solubles et membranaires." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30039.
Full textIquira, Elmer. "Évaluation de la diversité génétique chez deux collections de soja à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25896/25896.pdf.
Full textDahmani-Ancelet, Maryline. "La régénération de plantes par culture in vitro chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merril) : embryogenèse somatique directe et culture de protoplastes." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT001A.
Full textFouilleux, Georges. "Amélioration de l'inoculation du soja (Glycine max (L) Merril) avec Bradyrhizobium japonicum par l'emploi de microgranulés enrichis en composés organiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10163.
Full textLuna, Reyes. "Amélioration de la fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : aptitudes de la souche SMGS1 de Bradyrhizobium japonicum." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT015A.
Full textBastien, Maxime. "Étude de la résistance à la sclérotiniose chez le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30341/30341.pdf.
Full textSclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most important soybean diseases in Eastern Canada. Using resistant varieties is the most efficient and economic way to repress this disease. However disease pressure in the field fluctuates considerably from year to year according to climatic conditions, thus impeding the identification of resistant material. We developed a reliable and reproducible artificial inoculation method to assess resistance in the greenhouse and in the field. Named the «cotton pad method», it relies upon applying a piece of cotton pad soaked in a mycelial suspension on a floral bud and to measure the ensuing lesion length one week after inoculation. This quick and easy method provides disease ratings similar to the reference method used in Québec and is able to distinguish true resistance from disease avoidance mechanisms. We then used the cotton pad method to evaluate the degree of resistance in a panel of 130 soybean lines representing the genetic diversity present in this species in Quebec. In parallel, we developed a high-throughput genotyping by sequencing method for soybean and used it to genotype the collection. Sequencing provided 266.7 million distinct sequences, which yielded 7,864 SNPs on the 20 soybean chromosomes after several filtering steps. Association mapping performed between the genotype of the lines and their resistance level revealed the presence of four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with SSR resistance. The strongest association was validated in a biparental population generated from a cross between two parents contrasted at this locus. Furthermore, none of the most resistant lines developed so far carries all of the resistance alleles, which suggests that it is possible to develop lines presenting increased SSR resistance. These results are promising for marker assisted or genomic selection.
Guy, Sylvain. "Effet des faibles températures sur la nodulation et la photosynthèse des plantes fixatrices d'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT013A.
Full textAmaya, Mohammad. "Amélioration des performances d'un amplificateur optique à semi-conducteurs par injection optique à la transparence du gain pour les réseaux de télécommunications optiques." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2025.
Full textSemiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is an attractive component for future metropolitan multicolor all-optical telecommunication networks. This work focuses on the theoretical and experimental study of the SOA static and dynamic performances, when injecting a continuous wave (CW) high power as a holding beam (HB) at the gain transparency wavelength into its cavity with the aim of pointing out the interesting effects of this technique. Our work has shown that employing the holding beam, improves the soa saturation output power, the carrier lifetime and the device gain recovery time, over a wideband of incident signal wavelengths and powers without sacrificing the amplifier gain level neither degrading its noise figure (NF). Our theoretical and experimental results point out that injecting the holding beam in counter-propagative configuration with respect to the optical incident signal is more efficient than that in co-propagative one. We have employed the holding beam injection in an SOA based WDM multichannel transmission system with the purpose of reducing the cross-gain modulation (XGM) induced inter-channel crosstalk, hence, of improving the signals bit error rate (BER). Finally, a simulation model which gives results close to the measured ones has been obtained during this work as well
Thouras, Jordan. "Amélioration des performances électriques d’un module de mélange optoélectronique privilégiant des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs : Applications dans les charges utiles de satellites." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0127/document.
Full textNowadays, Satellite telecommunications are becoming very popular and the number of subscribers worldwide is always growing. Wherever the optical fiber cannot be deployed, they are a reliable way to provide very high data rates to the users, whose activities are becoming more and more bandwidth-hungry (HD video, video conferencing, downloading, cloud computing, online games ...). They also guarantee very large coverage areas. In order to follow the market needs satellite payload designers have to increase the number of on-board equipment, which affects the volume and mass of the systems and therefore the launching cost. One of the solutions to solve the problem consists in using optical technologies. It has been demonstrated by Thales Alenia Space that In the case of a reference signal distribution system for 64 devices, a weight reduction of about 70% could be obtained. In this context we have developed 7 RF frequencydown-converters based on photonic semiconductor components. The down-converters are key components of satellite payloads, as their aim is to isolate uplink transmissions (ground to satellite) and downlink (satellite to ground) to avoid interference. Performance of the 7 architectures, incorporating electro-absorption modulators (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) were evaluated through various simulations and by calculating the conversion gain, noise figure, RF/IF and LO/IF isolations, the C/I3 ratio and the coordinates of the third order intercept point. We obtained interesting results, first data for futur works,and showed that these converters are compatible with many frequency plans in Ku/Ku, ku+/Ku, and Ka/Ka bands. Manipulations were also led and validated the theoretical models used in simulations