Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soja – Génétique'
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Malle, Sidiki. "Études d’association pangénomique pour l’identification des régions génomiques influençant la qualité nutritionnelle chez le soya canadien." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40192.
Full textSoybean is an important source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients, such as minerals. A major function of protein in nutrition is to provide adequate amounts of amino acids. Although essential for human health and animal nutrition, the sulfur amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are often limiting and the genetic basis underlying their accumulation in soybeans seeds is poorly characterized. Another factor no less important for the nutritional quality of soybeans is its mineral content, which affects the end-use traits of both the oil and protein fractions as well as the quality of seed (germination rate, vigor of seedlings). Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to Canadian soybean varieties in terms of their content in sulfur amino acids and important minerals in seeds. The enhancement of seed nutrient content via genetic improvement is considered as the most promising and cost-effective approach to contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet, which provides the consumer with the necessary quantity of nutrients for good health. To facilitate breeding for increased nutritional quality, it is necessary to identify the genetic determinants underlying various nutrients and to develop markers allowing this selection. Currently, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) is the most powerful approach for determining the genetic basis of a trait. In the most favorable cases, not only do these analyses make it possible to identify genomic regions which control all or part of the trait of interest, but they can even make it possible to identify candidate genes which play a direct role in the trait of interest. The goals of this thesis were to determine the genetic basis of key components of the nutritional value of soybeans, namely the seed content in sulfur amino acids (Cys / Met) and four major mineral elements (Ca, K, P and S). In both cases, a GWAS was performed on a collection of 137 lines representative of the genetic diversity encountered in early-maturing Canadian soybeans. In part 1, Cys and Met content were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on seed from five environments in total. Genotypic data for 2.2 M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to perform an association analysis. In an initial discovery phase based on the data from two environments, we were able to identify a total of ten genomic regions (QTL), most of which were identified for the first time. To ensure the reliability and reproducibility of these QTLs, we validated a large majority of these in three additional environments. These QTLs allowed us to identify two candidate genes, both of which code for proteins involved in cysteine synthesis. In part 2, mineral content was measured in seed of the same 137 lines using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) harvested from five environments in total. The association analyses were carried out with the same genotypic data set (2.2 M SNP) as in part 1. Eight QTLs significantly associated with the Ca, K, P and S content were identified by at least two of the three statistical models used. These QTLs were found to be highly reproducible as they influenced the studied traits in three additional environments. Indeed, seven of the eight QTLs were validated in this fashion. For these QTLs regions, we were able to identify thee candidate gene annotated as being involved in the transport or the assimilation of these mineral elements. Compared to previous studies, the high density of markers used in this study has contributed to the reproducible detection of several new loci associated with the content of sulfur amino acids or mineral elements. In addition, it has made it possible to identify promising candidate genes. The markers and genes identified in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of soybeans through marker-assisted selection.
Gomez, Marisa Anahi. "Diversité génétique des Bradyrhizobia nodulant le soja et mécanismes potentiellement impliqués." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS017.
Full textIquira, Elmer. "Évaluation de la diversité génétique chez deux collections de soja à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25896/25896.pdf.
Full textSuc, Sylvie. "Amélioration génétique de la teneur en protéines du soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027A.
Full textColson, Josiane. "Développement reproducteur du soja-impact des conditions de culture et modélisation du potentiel de production variétal." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30139.
Full textLevrault, Frédéric. "Analyse par imagerie IRC du fonctionnement de parcelles de soja plus ou moins irriguées." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30232.
Full textDesclaux, Dominique. "De l'intérêt de génotypes révélateurs de facteurs limitants dans l'analyse des interactions génotype*milieu chez le soja (Glycine max. L. Merill)." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT009A.
Full textDaydé, Jean. "Contribution à l'amélioration génétique du soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) par la création de variétés semi-déterminées ou déterminées." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT001A.
Full textZougari, Ben Elkhayat Abdessadeq. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : les lipoxygénases et les protéines, et effets de la nutrition azotée." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022A.
Full textLebreton, Amandine. "Évaluation de la résistance de cultivars de soya à plusieurs races de Phytophthora sojae." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26201.
Full textBrunel, Brigitte. "Stabilité phénotypique et génétique de souches bactériennes introduites dans le sol : cas du Bradyrhizobium japonicum, microsymbiote du soja." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10149.
Full textIquira, Elmer. "Caractérisation de ressources génétiques conférant une résistance partielle à la sclérotiniose chez le soja." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30219/30219.pdf.
Full textWhite mold is an important disease of soybean in North America. Genetic resistance to this disease is a cost-effective way to control this disease. In order to better understand the genetic control of resistance, we first developed two research tools: i) a method to characterize soybean lines in terms of their resistance to white mold; and ii) a genotyping approach for obtaining information on hundreds or thousands of markers simultaneously. In a second phase, we used these new tools to identify the genomic regions responsible for resistance to white mold via two approaches: i) a "traditional" biparental QTL mapping approach and ii) an association mapping approach. At first, we developed and validated a reliable and reproducible method for artificial inoculation to measure resistance to white mold. Then, we developed a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach to quickly and efficiently characterize a large number of SNP markers in soybean. As part of this work, a protocol for preparing GBS genomic libraries has been developed as well as a pipeline of bioinformatics analysis to call SNPs. Finally, genetic mapping analysis was performed on two populations to identify genomic regions conferring resistance to white mold. In the first case, a population of 141 F6 lines from a cross between the cultivars Majesta and Hikmok Sorip was characterized for resistance to the disease. By using a dense genetic map counting 515 SNP markers obtained by GBS, we have identified a region on chromosome Gm07 contributing to the resistance observed in the cultivar Majesta. In the second case, 101 unrelated soybean lines were characterized for their resistance to disease and were genotyped with 8,397 SNP markers obtained by GBS. The mapping association analysis identified three chromosomal regions strongly associated with disease resistance. The strongest association was found on chromosome Gm03, while regions on chromosomes Gm08 and Gm20 also showed significant associations. These results will facilitate the identification of exotic lines in which resistance is likely based on different genes to be introduced in the Canadian germplasm.
Fabre, Françoise. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine et fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015A.
Full textTorkamaneh, Davoud. "Analyse de la variation nucléotidique et structurale chez le soja par une approche de re-séquençage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27878.
Full textNext-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized plants and animals research in many ways, including the development of new high-throughput genotyping methods to accelerate considerably the composition of genomes and their functions. As part of the SoyaGen project, funded by Genome Canada, we are seeking to better understand the genetic diversity and underlying architecture governing major agronomic traits in soybeans. Soybean is the world's largest oilseed crop in economic terms. In this study, we sought to exploit NGS technologies to help elucidate the genomic characteristics of soybeans. To this end, three main research topics have formed the core of this thesis: 1) low-cost genome-wide genotyping, 2) exhaustive characterization of genetic variants by whole-genome resequencing, and 3) identification of mutations with high functional impact on the basis of a strong selection within the elite lines. A first challenge in genetic or genomic analysis is to make possible a rapid and inexpensive characterization of a large number of lines with a very large number of markers distributed throughout the genome. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) allows simultaneous identification and genotyping of several thousand SNPs on a genome-wide scale. One of the major challenges in GBS analysis is to extract a large catalog of high quality SNP from a mountain of sequencing data and minimize the impact of missing data. As a first step, we have greatly improved the GBS by developing a new bio-informatics analysis pipeline, Fast-GBS, designed to produce a more accurate and faster call of genotypes than existing tools. In addition, we have optimized tools for imputing missing data. For example, we were able to obtain a catalog of 60K SNP markers from a collection of 301 accessions that were representative of soybean diversity in Canada. Second, all missing data (~ 50%) were imputed with a very high degree of accuracy (98%). This genetic characterization was performed at a low cost, less than $ 15 per line. Second, to fully characterize the nucleotide and structural variations (SNV and SV, respectively) in the soybean genome, we sequenced the whole genome of 102 Canadian soybean accessions. We have identified nearly 5M of nucleotide variants (SNP, MNP and Indels) with a high level of accuracy (98.6%). Then, using a combination of three different approaches, we detected ~ 92K SV (deletions, insertions, inversions, duplications, CNVs and translocations) and estimated that more than 90% were accurate. This is the first time that a complete description of the diversity of SNP and SV haplotypes has been carried out in a cultivated species. Finally, we have developed a systematic analytical approach to greatly facilitate the identification of genes whose alleles have undergone a very strong selection during domestication and selection. This approach is based on two recent advances in genomics: (1) whole-genome sequencing and (2) predicting mutations resulting in loss of function (LOF). Using this approach, we identified 130 candidate genes related to domestication or selection in soybean. This catalogue contains all of the previously well-characterized domestication genes in soybean, as well as some orthologues from other domesticated crop species. This list of genes provides many avenues of investigation for studies aimed at better understanding the genes that contribute strongly to shaping cultivated soybeans. This thesis ultimately leads to a better understanding of the genomic characteristics of soybeans. In addition, it provides several tools and genomic resources that could easily be used in future genomic research in soybeans as well as in other species.
Boucher-St-Amour, Vincent-Thomas. "Développement d'outils de sélection génomique assistée par marqueurs pour la lutte au nématode à kyste du soja." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37894.
Full textBouchez, Agnès. "Contribution à la construction et à la validation des index de sélection : application à la sélection du soja." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT015A.
Full textCabané, Mireille. "Effets du froid sur le développement du soja : Modifications de la synthèse des protéines solubles et membranaires." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30039.
Full textBoudhrioua, Chiheb. "Étude de la résistance à la pourriture à sclérotes chez le soja canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35781.
Full textSclerotinia stem rot (SSR) (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is one of the most important soybean diseases causing considerable damage in Canada in the absence of fully resistant lines. Thanks to genomic selection, it is possible to develop lines with increased resistance to this ascomycota. But first, it is necessary to identify the genomic regions responsible for resistance, to guide breeders' choices regarding parents to be used for crosses, as well as to inform selection with the help of molecular markers. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) of partial resistance in Canadian material. We genotyped 127 lines, previously evaluated for SSR resistance, with close to 1.5M high-quality SNPs. This catalog offers extensive genome coverage and the opportunity to explore areas that were incompletely covered in previous studies. This analysis identified a new QTL on chromosome 1 Gm 01 where the resistant allele reduced lesion length on the stem by 29 mm. To validate this QTL, the descendants of a cross between two lines carrying contrasted alleles for Gm01 were genotyped and then evaluated for resistance. The results show that individuals carrying the resistance allele developed lesions that were 43 mm shorter, a reduction of 48% compared to those bearing the sensitivity allele. These results suggest that this QTL is a promising candidate for developing soybean lines with enhanced resistance to SSR.
Fallah, Manel. "La construction d’une carte génétique consensus à haute densité chez le soja basée sur des marqueurs SNP dérivés du génotypage par séquençage (GBS)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40194.
Full textGenetic linkage maps using only one mapping population are described as maps with low resolution. These maps typically retain gaps, i.e. regions that are not covered by any markers. Consensus genetic maps were developed to overcome such limitations. They are generated by merging individual maps and using the common markers as reference points. The aim of this study was to generate a high-density consensus map for Canadian soybean using markers generated by genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Six mapping populations of varying size (n = 278 to 365) were genotyped using GBS. In a first step, we generated individual genetic maps. The size of the resulting maps varied between 1869.3 cM and 2286.7 cM and a total of 83 gaps with a size > 10 cM (the largest gap size was 34.8 cM) were observed across the six maps. In a second stage, we merged the six individual genetic maps to generate a single consensus map. On this map, 16,311 SNPs were assigned a position and these markers covered 99.5% of the genome. The map extends over 2075.2 cM and the number of gaps > 10 cM was reduced to only two. This map therefore overcame the limitations of the individual genetic maps and is superior to the previous consensus genetic maps such as the consensus genetic map generated from 40 nested association mapping (NAM) populations. The NAM map contains 36 gaps with a size > 10 cM and covers a smaller portion of the genome. In addition, the order of markers was much more concordant in the GBS map, when comparing the genetic and the physical positions. Thanks to this consensus map, we were able to assign both a physical and a genetic position for every SNP generated using GBS. These two types of information are important for many genetic and genomic studies.
Karaboneye, Fausta. "Caractérisation de l'efficacité symbiotique de lignées africaines de soya à haute promiscuité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30121/30121.pdf.
Full textDahmani-Ancelet, Maryline. "La régénération de plantes par culture in vitro chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merril) : embryogenèse somatique directe et culture de protoplastes." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT001A.
Full textArtigot, Marie-Pierre. "Etude du déterminisme génétique des différences de teneurs et de profils en isoflavones dans la graine de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0065/document.
Full textThe soybean seed contains large amounts of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein). Owing to their phytoestrogenic properties, these compounds can have beneficial effects on human health, but they can also be considered as endocrine disruptors, for example in infant formulas. The isoflavone content and composition in the seed depend on the considered fraction. The cotyledons contain only genistein and daidzein, while the hypocotyls are four to ten times more concentrated and contain three isoflavones, mostly daidzein and glycitein. The genotype has a strong influence on total isoflavone content, and even more on the percentage of individual isoflavones in cotyledons and hypocotyls. The objective of this work is to investigate the genetic determinism that underlies such contrasted contents and compositions between the two seed fractions, and the relation between main biosynthetic steps and genotypic differences. First, the genes of isoflavone synthases (IFS) were sequenced in varieties with highly contrasted content and composition. The expression of different keys genes of the biosynthesis (nine chalcone synthases (CHS), a chalcone reductase (CHR), four chalcone isomerases (CHI) and the two isoflavone synthases (IFS) have then been followed by quantitative RT - PCR in the cotyledons and hypocotyls, at three critical stages of seed development (25, 40 and 60 days after flowering). Second, the expression of different candidate genes for the flavonoid 6-hydroxylase (F6H) which catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of the glycitein has been investigated. The polymorphism of the genomic sequences IFS1 and IFS2 of isoflavone synthases was not correlated with differences in isoflavone contents. The transcriptional activity of key genes of the biosynthesis of isoflavones pointed out the existence of a distinct regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis between the two seed fractions. The expression levels of target genes were not always related to differences in isoflavone content or compositions in the hypocotyls and cotyledons. This suggests the overriding effect of post-translational regulation, especially in the formation of multienzyme complex of biosynthesis of these compounds. The chalcone synthase gene CHS9 was highly expressed, with a profile similar to the accumulation of isoflavones in hypocotyls. The chalcone synthase genes CHS7 and CHS8 expressions, already reported as highly correlated to the biosynthesis of isoflavones were more related to accumulation in the cotyledons than in hypocotyls. This work has also shown that the F6H gene, reported in the literature was not expressed in the hypocotyls. However, two candidates with as highly similar coding sequence (79%) have been studied. The F6H3 gene is the only one expressed in the seed, more precisely in the hypocotyls but it was not expressed in the cotyledons. Moreover, it was not expressed in a mutant line which did not accumulate glycitein. This gene is therefore a key potential candidate for the synthesis of the glycitein in hypocotyls. The particular structure of the corresponding enzyme may indicate a strong involvement of the architecture of the multienzyme complex of isoflavones biosynthesis and the constraints arising in the preferential use of a track or another in this scheme of biosynthesis
Dussault-Benoit, Chloé. "Développement d'un bioessai moléculaire pour le diagnostic des sept principaux gènes d'avirulence chez Phytophthora sojae." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36724.
Full textLuna, Reyes. "Amélioration de la fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : aptitudes de la souche SMGS1 de Bradyrhizobium japonicum." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT015A.
Full textGendron, Louis. "Détection des OGM non autorisés par une méthode d'empreinte génétique - Essai sur le maïs et le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26282/26282.pdf.
Full textBastien, Maxime. "Étude de la résistance à la sclérotiniose chez le soya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30341/30341.pdf.
Full textSclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most important soybean diseases in Eastern Canada. Using resistant varieties is the most efficient and economic way to repress this disease. However disease pressure in the field fluctuates considerably from year to year according to climatic conditions, thus impeding the identification of resistant material. We developed a reliable and reproducible artificial inoculation method to assess resistance in the greenhouse and in the field. Named the «cotton pad method», it relies upon applying a piece of cotton pad soaked in a mycelial suspension on a floral bud and to measure the ensuing lesion length one week after inoculation. This quick and easy method provides disease ratings similar to the reference method used in Québec and is able to distinguish true resistance from disease avoidance mechanisms. We then used the cotton pad method to evaluate the degree of resistance in a panel of 130 soybean lines representing the genetic diversity present in this species in Quebec. In parallel, we developed a high-throughput genotyping by sequencing method for soybean and used it to genotype the collection. Sequencing provided 266.7 million distinct sequences, which yielded 7,864 SNPs on the 20 soybean chromosomes after several filtering steps. Association mapping performed between the genotype of the lines and their resistance level revealed the presence of four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with SSR resistance. The strongest association was validated in a biparental population generated from a cross between two parents contrasted at this locus. Furthermore, none of the most resistant lines developed so far carries all of the resistance alleles, which suggests that it is possible to develop lines presenting increased SSR resistance. These results are promising for marker assisted or genomic selection.
Guy, Sylvain. "Effet des faibles températures sur la nodulation et la photosynthèse des plantes fixatrices d'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT013A.
Full textN'Zoué, Affoué Angèle. "Diversité génétique et fonctionnelle des souches de Bradyrhizobium impliquées dans les cultures mixtes niébé-soja-arachide/céréales (maïs) en Côte d’ivoire : approche méthodologique par analyse multi-locus (MLSA) : étude des effets PGPR sur le maïs." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20221.
Full textBacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes. In Côte d'Ivoire, mixed-cropping systems associating cowpea, groundnut, soybean and maize are practiced in agriculture. The aim of this PhD was to describe the genetic and functional diversity of legume symbionts found in these mixed-cropping systems, and their PGPR effects on maize. First we developed a Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (on 9 conserved genes) on a collection of reference strains (from Aeschynomene) to detect most informative genes for Bradyrhizobium classification. Three gene-loci dnaK, glnB and recA congruent among each other and with previous taxonomic data, were chosen to study the genetic diversity of two collections of strains derived from mixed cereal/legume crops in Côte d'Ivoire and from soybean in India. Symbiotic properties of isolates from Côte d'Ivoire were analyzed in detail, revealing a large functional diversity in terms of plant host range (cowpea, groundnut and soybean) with variable efficiency according to strains. Several efficient strains on legumes also showed plant growth promotion (PGP) on traditional maize varieties from Côte d'Ivoire, demonstrating tripartite rhizobium-legume-cereal interactions. Microscopic observation using GUS and GFP-labeled bacteria evidenced the endophytic status of several strains on maize. Some of the known characteristics of PGP effect were found in several strains (siderophores, ammonium production, pectinase, cellulase). These strains are promising models in fundamental research and could have beneficial applications for agriculture in Africa
Chambard, Marie. "Analyse génomique de l'ADN extracellulaire du Root Extracellular Trap (RET) et caractérisations omiques des "root Associated Cap-Devrived Cells" (AC-DC) chez le soja Glycine max (L.) Merr.1917." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR020.
Full textSoybean, a crop of Normand and world agronomic interest, is threatened by numerous phytopathogens like the oomycete Phytophthora sojae Kaufm. & Gerd., wich generate high levels of economical losses. The RET (root extracellular trap) is located at the root apex and is composed of border cells or AC-DC (root associated cap-derived cells) and their mucilage. This mucilage is made up of glycomolecules, proteins or also extracellular DNA (exDNA). The RET play a role in root protection against biotic stresses. In order to better understand the role of the RET in root protection, a transcriptomic and a proteomic analysis where done on AC-DC and roots in controle condition and in elicited condition with PEP-13 (an elicitor from Phytophthora sp.). The results show a specificity of AC-DC compared to the root, and an answer to PEP-13 wich seems to be different between these two tissues. An other experiment was to sequence RET exDNA in controle and elicited conditions, in order to define the origin of this exDNA. We show that the coverage of mitochondrial and plastidial DNA where much better than the coverage of chromosomic DNA. It could mean that chromosomic DNA isn’t conserved as well as organelles DNA, or exDNA could originate from organelles. Furthermore, results seems to show no differences between the sequences of elicited or control exDNA
Libante, Virginie. "Analyse du système SOP responsable de la partition du plasmide F chez Escherichia coli : sopA, une ATPase essentielle au mécanisme de partition." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30209.
Full text"Évaluation de la diversité génétique chez deux collections de soja à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25896/25896.pdf.
Full textGendron, St-Marseille Anne-Frédérique. "Impact des changements climatiques et de la variabilité génétique sur le développement et la virulence du nématode à kyste du soya (Heterodera glycines)." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25038.
Full textBiological invasions in agroecosystems are a major cause of economic losses. Plant parasitic nematodes are among the many species causing significant crop damages. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is causing billions of dollars of losses in all areas where soybean is produced. Rotation with resistant cultivars is the most effective mean of controlling SCN populations, but the overuse of the same lines has led to the selection of virulent individuals and the ineffectiveness of resistance. To this day, the virulence genes and mecanisms associated with the circumvention of resistance continue to mystify scientists. In this thesis, I explored the effects of climate change on the reproduction and establishment of SCN as well as on the phenology of its host, soybean. I have demonstrated that the nematode can already reproduce in all regions of Québec and that the expected rise in temperatures in the near future (2041-2070) will allow the development of more generations per growing season in all regions. In addition, I have demonstrated that the area suitable for the production of soybean from maturity group I will expand toward the north by 2070, further facilitating the expansion of SCN. I have also explored the genetic variability among more than 64 SCN populations from North America and analyzed the genes associated with various bioclimatic components and their role in adaptation. These analyses revealed that the genetic diversity was very high among SCN populations. This diversity associated with a continuous gene flow between populations has facilitated the adaptation of SCN to various bioclimatic conditions and its establishment in all US and Canadian soybean producing regions. Finaly, this thesis presents an analysis of the SCN genotypes and the differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in two resistant soybean lines (Peking and PI88788) and susceptible Essex. This work has identified several proteins associated with virulence and allowed the discovery of a genomic region under strong evolutionary pressure. This island contains several genes in tandem duplications that have diverged and are now used selectively for overcoming different sources of resistance.