Academic literature on the topic 'SOL’R SHEMSY'

AbstractAt present time there are investigations of precession and nutation for very different celestial multi-layer bodies: the Earth (Getino 1995), Moon (Gusev 2010), planets of Solar system (Gusev 2010) and pulsars (Link et al. 2007). The long-periodic precession phenomenon was detected for few pulsars: PSR B1828-11, PSR B1557-50, PSR 2217+47, PSR 0531+21, PSR B0833-45, and PSR B1642-03. Stairs, Lyne & Shemar (2000) have found that the arrival-time residuals from PSR B1828-11 vary periodically with a different periods. According to our model, the neutron star has the rigid crust (RC), the fluid outer core (FOC) and the solid inner core (SIC). The model explains generation of four modes in the rotation of the pulsar: two modes of Chandler wobble (CW, ICW) and two modes connecting with free core nutation (FCN, FICN) (Gusev & Kitiashvili 2008). We are propose the explanation for all harmonics of Time of Arrival (TOA) pulses variations as precession of a neutron star owing to differential rotation of RC, FOC and crystal SIC of the pulsar PSR B1828-11: 250, 500, 1000 days. We used canonical method for interpretation TOA variations by Chandler Wobble (CW) and Free Core Nutation (FCN) of pulsar.The two - layer model can explain occurrence twin additional fashions in rotation pole motion of a NS: CW and FCN. In the frame of the three-layer model we investigate the free rotation of dynamically-symmetrical PSR by Hamilton methods. Correctly extending theory of SIC-FOC-RC differential rotation for neutron star, we investigated dependence CW, ICW, FCN and FICN periods from flatness of different layers of pulsar.Our investigation showed that interaction between rigid crust, RIC and LOC can be characterized by four modes of periodic variations of rotation pole: CW, retrograde Free Core Nutation (FCN), prograde Free Inner Core Nutation (FICN) and Inner Core Wobble (ICW). In the frame of the three-layer model we proposed the explanation for all pulse fluctuations by differential rotation crust, outer core and inner core of the neutron star and received estimations of dynamical flattening of the pulsar inner and outer cores, including the heat dissipation. We have offered the realistic model of the dynamical pulsar structure and two explanations of the feature of flattened of the crust, the outer core and the inner core of the pulsar.

Le marché mondial des chauffe-eau solaires (CES) est en essor. En effet, les CES sont devenus des systèmes compétitifs aux appareils de chauffage par gaz naturel et énergie électrique, en raison de leurs faibles émissions de CO2 et de leur participation explicite à la réduction des factures d'électricité du consommateur marocain. Actuellement, l'Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles (IRESEN-Maroc) pourvoit le soutien financier nécessaire pour promouvoir la recherche et le développement dans le domaine des CES au Maroc. Ainsi, en février 2016, le projet SOL'R SHEMSY a été défini pour concevoir et commercialiser le premier CES intégrant la technologie des capteurs à tubes sous vide (ETC) avec des caloducs, en rendant son acquisition accessible au sociale marocain. Il paraît qu'à l'heure actuelle, plusieurs technologies de capteurs solaires de marques différentes sont commercialisées au Maroc tels que les capteurs plan (FPC) et les capteurs à tube sous vide (ETC), outre le thermosiphon et les CES à circulation forcée pour convertir l'énergie solaire en une énergie thermique, afin de produire de l'eau chaude avec la température requise dans plusieurs applications individuelles, collectives, industrielles et tertiaires. Cependant, une sérieuse problématique d'ajustement, d'intégration et de transfert technologique devrait être envisagée avant d'importer les CES à capteur ETC munis de caloduc sur le marché marocain auprès de pays fournisseurs tels que la Chine, l'Espagne, l'Allemagne et la Turquie considérés comme des leaders internationaux dans le domaine des CES. Car en effet, les CES importés au Maroc ont présenté des modes de défaillances thermomécaniques après une courte période d'utilisation, comme le dépôt de calcaire à l'intérieur des ballons de stockage, la corrosion et la fissuration de leur coque interne...Prendre en considération la problématique d'ajustement, de l'intégration et du transfert technologique des CES au marché marocain est nécessaire, étant donné que les conditions d'utilisation diffèrent d'un pays à un autre en termes de conditions climatiques, qui peuvent être résumées par l’amplitude de l’irradiation solaire, la température ambiante, la vitesse du vent et le pourcentage de l’humidité dans l'air. Par ailleurs, le profil de consommation aléatoire du consommateur affecte à son tour l'efficacité thermique du champ de capteurs et la fraction solaire globale des CES.L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de mener des simulations numériques et des optimisations qui portent sur les CES, en prenant en compte le contexte technico-économique du Maroc et ses conditions climatiques intrinsèques. Deux approches de simulation ont été utilisées pour atteindre cet objectif. La première approche s’est basée sur des simulations numériques CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) instationnaires pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des caloducs intégrés dans les ETC et d'augmenter les indicateurs de stratification thermique des ballons horizontaux dans lesquels les caloducs sont immergés. Enfin, d’améliorer la structure du réservoir du CES en utilisant des simulations qui permettent de modéliser un couplage thermomécanique. La deuxième approche est basée sur des simulations dynamiques, qui ont été menées pour évaluer et optimiser la performance énergétique d'un système collectif destiné à produire de l'eau chaude sanitaire (ECS) sous les conditions climatiques de la ville de Fès-Maroc. En effet, plusieurs paramètres ont été considérés, en particulier l'effet du volume du réservoir de stockage, les marques des capteurs, leurs rendements et leurs technologies issues de différents fabricants, et finalement l’effet de la connexion série/parallèle et mixte entre les panneaux solaires (ETC et FPC) qui constituent le champ capteur, etc
The world market for solar water heaters (SWH) is in great expansion. In fact, SWHs have become a challenging alternative system to gas and electric heating devices, because of their low CO2 emissions and their explicit involvement in the reduction of the building’s electric bills. L’institut de recherche en énergie solaire et énergies nouvelles (IRESEN-Morocco) is actually providing the necessary funding support to promote research and development field of SWHs in Morocco. Hence, in February 2016, SOL’R SHEMSY project has been defined in order to design and commercialize the first SWH integrating Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC) with heat pipes, under the constraints of being accessible to the Moroccan public users. For the time being, several technologies of solar collectors with different brands are commercialized in Morocco such as flat plat collectors (FPC) and Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC), besides to thermosyphon and forced circulation SWHs to convert solar energy to thermal energy, in order to produce hot water with the temperature required in several applications (individual, collective, industrial and the tertiary applications). However, a serious challenge of adjustment, integration and technology transfer should be considered before importing SWHs with ETC into the Moroccan market from supplier countries such as China, Spain, Germany and Turkey described as the leading manufacturer of SWH in the world. Indeed, the imported SWHs in Morocco presented thermo-mechanical failure modes after a short period of use such as the limestone deposited inside the storage tanks, corrosion and cracking of their inner shell... Taking into account the challenge of adjustment, integration and technology transfer of SWHs in Morocco is necessary, because the conditions of use differ from one country to another in terms of climatic conditions, which can be summarized in solar radiations, ambient temperature, wind velocity and the percentage of humidity in the air. In addition, the consumer's random consumption profile usually affects the thermal efficiency of the collector field and the overall solar fraction of SWHs.The main aim of this thesis is to carry out numerical simulations and optimizations of SWHs taking into account the techno-economic context of Morocco and its intrinsic weather conditions. Two simulation approaches were used to achieve this purpose. The first approach was based on unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation in order to enhance the efficiency of the heat pipes integrated inside ETCs and to increase the thermal stratification indicators of horizontal thermal storage tanks with submerged heat pipes. Finally, improve the storage tank’s structure using thermo-mechanical coupling simulations. The second approach is based on dynamic simulations, which have been performed to assess and optimize the energy performance of a collective hot water process intended to produce domestic hot water (DHW) under the climatic conditions of Fez city located in Morocco. Indeed, several parameters have been considered, in particular the effect of the storage tank volume, the brands of collectors and their technology from different manufacturers, the connection between the solar panel and the overall surface of the ETC and FPC which constitute the collector field etc

Without a doubt, the topic of energy--from coal, oil, and nuclear to geothermal, solar and wind--is one of the most pressing across the globe. It is of paramount importance to policy makers, economists, environmentalists, and industry as they consider which technologies to invest in, how to promote use of renewable energy sources, and how to plan for dwindling reserves of non-renewable energy. In Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know, José Goldemberg, a nuclear physicist who has been hailed by Time magazine as one of the world's top "leaders and visionaries on the environment," takes readers through the basics of the world energy system, its problems, and the technical as well as non-technical solutions to the most pressing energy problems. Addressing the issues in a Q-and-A format, Goldemberg answers such questions as: What are wind, wave, and geothermal energy? What are the problems of nuclear waste disposal? What is acid rain? What is the greenhouse gas effect? What is Carbon Capture and Storage? What are smart grids? What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is "cap and trade"? The book sheds light on the role of population growth in energy consumption, renewable energy resources, the amount of available energy reserves (and when they will run out), geopolitical issues, environmental problems, the frequency of environmental disasters, energy efficiency, new technologies, and solutions to changing consumption patterns. It will be the first place to look for information on the vital topic of energy.

This chapter introduces to the solar energy in general and in perspective as far as the applications and utility of solar energy systems are concerned. It gives the brief overviews of all types of solar energy systems starting with their classifications followed by their modeling and optimization issues. Work sheds light on both solar thermal systems and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The performance measurement of these solar energy systems strongly depends on various system and operating parameters along with their ambient or climatic parameters, and it is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) optimization problem. Based on the previous studies, the statistics as regards to the modeling and optimization of different solar energy systems and the basics of MCDM techniques with their classifications are discussed. The chapter ends with detailed summary with possible scope of future work on modelling and optimization of solar energy systems using various individuals plus hybrid MCDM techniques.

Drawing on ecomedia studies, this chapter sheds light on Ecocinema, an itinerant project of film exhibition that is powered by solar energy. This ecological initiative, with origins in the Netherlands and the project Solar Cinema, started operating in 2008 in Uruguay and soon after in other countries of Latin America. By using vans with solar panels mounted to their rooftops, which operate a 100 per cent solar-powered screening system, Ecocinema travels to places and sites where cinema does not exist. Through the presentation of this project, this chapter looks at the genealogy of itinerant cinemas in Latin America and traces the themes related to alternate models of exhibition. Providing an alternative of green practices, within an industry whose processes of production, distribution, and exhibition are largely ecologically unsustainable, Ecocinema seeks to reach sustainability and moreover to raise awareness about the environmental crisis and educate about ecological means of energy production and consumption. Furthermore, the chapter reflects on the practice of cinema projection and its inextricable relationship with light, in the case of solar-powered projection with sunlight. It concludes by contemplating environmental politics and justice within the context of Latin America and the possibilities of greening cinema practices and responding creatively to the emerging contemporary ecological problems.

The relationship of social organization to architectural standardization in Maya cities sheds light on urban planning and political structure–specifically changes in cultural complexity. What does variability in standardized E Group architecture tell us about diversity in Maya society, especially insofar as it concerns religion? Temporal variability in archaeoastronomical alignment patterning shows shifts from earlier Preclassic (1000 BCE-250 CE) horizon-based solar solstice/equinox calendar dates to Classic Period (250-950 CE) examples emphasizing zenith passage, possibly based on interaction with people from Teotihuacán. Data from temples and specialized architecture associated with E Groups have the potential to show how sites differed from one another regionally in the way religious institutions formed around calendar keeping and solar celebration. Trends in the construction of E Group complexes though time and across space are related to the tempo and mode of internal cultural developments, such as emerging bureaucracies, hallmarks of complexity related to occupational specialization. Building elaboration in religious precincts, such as increasing temple room size, number, and relative proportion relates to the expansion or contraction of priesthoods responsible for the seasonal festivals and other public (investiture) or private (prophecy) ceremonies in Maya centers.

Ultraviolet solar radiation was measured and recorded on a 5-minute, hourly and daily basis at four sites on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico (located from 18° to 18° 30’N latitude and from 65° 30’ to 67° 15’W longitude) over a 24 calendar month time frame. Data were measured by an Eppley Total Ultraviolet Radiometer (TUVR) mounted on a horizontal surface (0.285 ≤ λ ≤ 0.385 μm wavelengths). This data presents the first published data on ultraviolet radiation over Puerto Rico. The data sheds new light on the ultraviolet radiation characteristics of this tropical island. Characteristics such as the daily average, monthly average hourly, monthly average daily, and annual average daily ultraviolet radiation are presented. The ratio of the monthly average daily ultraviolet radiation to the monthly average daily global radiation varied between 0.0476 and 0.0498, with a mean value of 0.0487 ± 0.0009. A regression correlation between ultraviolet and global radiation on an hourly basis is also developed.