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Journal articles on the topic 'Sol-gel auto combustion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bao, Li, Xi Wei Qi, Bo Ni, Min Zhang, and Rui Bin Mei. "BiFeO3 Powders Synthesized by Different Sol-Gel Methods." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.84.

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The multiferroic BiFeO3 powders with perovskite structure were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion and conventional sol-gel methods, respectively. As-prepared powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and VSM techniques to investigate phase structure, microstructure and magnetic properties. The results show that the pure phase BiFeO3 powders are obtained successfully by sol-gel auto-combustion after calcining at 650°C for 2h and leaching by HNO3. Compared with conventional sol-gel method which got pure phase BiFeO3 powders at 800°C for 3h, the sol-gel auto-combustion technique can get more pur
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2

SHAHMIRZAEI, M., S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI, and R. DEHGHAN. "SYNTHESIS OF THE NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL FERRITE BY A NOVEL MECHANO SOL–GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION METHOD." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 11 (2011): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911026516.

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In this work, a novel method of mechano sol–gel auto-combustion has been developed for production of single phase nickel ferrite nanocrystalline powder, consisting of a sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis followed by a high energy milling process before calcination. Sol–gel auto-combustion was carried out using a gel including citric acid as a reductant and metal nitrates as oxidants. This gel exhibited a self-propagating behavior after ignition in air. The effects of the intermediate high energy milling on the physical properties of the final product after calcination were investigated. The res
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3

Zulfugarova, Sima M., Zuleikha F. Aleskerova, Gunel R. Azimova, and Ulduz R. Guliyeva. "COMBINATION OF MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY WITH SOL-GEL METHOD WITH AUTO-COMBUSTION FOR OBTAINING CATALYSTS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 2, no. 2/2023 (2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.2.016.

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The results of a study of the reaction of carbon monoxide oxidation on double and triple cobalt-containing oxide catalysts obtained by the sol-gel method with auto-combustion and the use of microwave technology are presented. The conditions for combining microwave treatment with the sol-gel method with auto-combustion are established. The use of microwave energy to "ignite" the gel without further prolonged irradiation, the catalytic activity of the obtained oxide systems in the oxidative conversion of carbon monoxide is comparable to the activity of similar samples obtained by the sol-gel met
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4

Admin, Admin, Mohammed Mustafa Rashid, Sabah J. Fathi, Rafea A. Munef, and Bilal Omer Ahmed. "Structural properties of the composites (BaFe12O19/Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Al-0.5Fe1.5O4) prepared by sol-gel auto combustion." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 4 (2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i4.402.

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The nanocomposites ferrites (BaFe12O19/Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Al­0.5Fe1.5O4) with (x=10,25,50,75,90%) were prepared by sol-gel auto combustion. The micro-structural features of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results were compared which show that the grain size of the nano composites which prepared by sol-gel auto combustion about (25-46) nm.
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5

Periyasamy, Thirukumaran, Shakila Parveen Asrafali, and Jaewoong Lee. "Tailoring the Surface of Sintered Magnesia–Chromia Catalyst with a Sol–Gel Auto-Combustion Technique." Processes 12, no. 9 (2024): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12092019.

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The research presented in this work explores two methods for synthesizing supported metal catalysts: wet impregnation method (IM) and sol–gel auto-combustion method (AC). These techniques were used to create a series of magnesium oxide (MgO)-based materials, including pure MgO and MgO-supported chromia catalysts, CrMgX, varying the weight percentage of chromium. The specific materials synthesized are unmodified MgO; MgO loaded with 1, 3, and 5 wt% CrO3 via impregnation; and counterparts prepared with the same loadings using Cr (NO3)3 via sol–gel auto-combustion method. After synthesis, various
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6

Rashid1, Mohammed Mustafa, Sabah J. Fathi2, Rafea A. Munef, and Bilal Omer Ahmed1. "Structural properties of the composites (BaFe12O19/Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Al-0.5Fe1.5O4) prepared by sol-gel auto combustion." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 4 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i4.848.

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The nanocomposites ferrites (BaFe12O19/Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Al­0.5Fe1.5O4) with (x=10,25,50,75,90%) were prepared by sol-gel auto combustion. The micro-structural features of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results were compared which show that the grain size of the nano composites which prepared by sol-gel auto combustion about (25-46) nm.
 
 http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.075
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7

Qi, Xi Wei, He Ji Xu, Xiao Yan Zhang, and Jian Quan Qi. "Synthesis of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Powders by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.99.

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Crystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 powders were directly synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The gels, derived from the solutions of 2-methoxyethane, metal nitrate and citric acid, exhibited the self-propagating combustion behaviors at ambient temperature when it is ignited in air. After auto-combustion, the dried gels transformed into crystalline BiFeO3 powders and no further calcination was needed. The nature of auto-combustion was ascribed to heat-induced redox between NH4NO3 and carboxyl group. The TG-DTA was carried out to study the auto-combustion of dried gels. The synthesized p
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8

Sreekandan, Sreelakshmi, Anjitha Thadathil, Bindu Mavila, Kannan Vellayan, and Pradeepan Periyat. "Solvent-free synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1-arylnaphtho[1,2-e] [1,3] oxazine-3-ones using a magnetic nickel–zinc ferrite nanocatalyst." RSC Advances 15, no. 6 (2025): 4553–61. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra05486e.

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9

Amghar, Mohamed, Amira Bougoffa, Abdessalem Trabelsi, Abderrazek Oueslati, and Essebti Dhahri. "Optical and dielectric properties of silver-substituted ZnAl2O4 spinels synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion method." RSC Advances 12, no. 31 (2022): 20348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02555h.

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10

Zhu, Yan Feng, Wei Liang Liu, An Hua Wu, Zhen Qian Feng, Chuan Yong Wang, and Jun Xu. "Synthesis of LaFeO3 Nano-Powders by Self-Propagating Combustion Method of Sol-Gel." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.17.

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Nanocrystalline LaFeO3 with particle size of about 50 nm was directly synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method at room temperature. The overall process involves three steps: formation of homogeneous sol; formation of dried gel; and combustion of the dried gel. Single phase nanocrystalline LaFeO3 powders were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel self-propagation combustion method using glycin (C2H5NO2) as the chelating agent. Discuss the synthesis products by DTA/TG, XRD and SEM. The experiment results show that the LaFeO3 nano-powder was got from dried gel of G/M=1:1 at 300°C ignition
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11

Amghar, Mohamed, Amira Bougoffa, Abdessalem Trabelsi, Abderrazek Oueslati, and Essebti Dhahri. "Structural, morphological, and electrical properties of silver-substituted ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles." RSC Advances 12, no. 25 (2022): 15848–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01800d.

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12

Dara, Mina, Mohammad Hassanpour, Hassan Abbas Alshamsi, Mahin Baladi, and Masoud Salavati-Niasari. "Green sol–gel auto combustion synthesis and characterization of double perovskite Tb2ZnMnO6 nanoparticles and a brief study of photocatalytic activity." RSC Advances 11, no. 14 (2021): 8228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10400k.

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13

Fang, Haihong, Binyuan Hu, Lingshen Wang, Rongli Lu, and Cui Yang. "Preparation of nanometer MgO by sol-gel auto-combustion." Frontiers of Chemistry in China 3, no. 2 (2008): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11458-008-0037-9.

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14

Jeidd, Abddaim, Mohamed Amghar, A. Mabrouki, et al. "Study of physical properties of the Li0.5MgFe1.5O3.5 ferrite nanoparticles." RSC Advances 13, no. 19 (2023): 12906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07970d.

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In the present research study, the structural, optical, magnetic, electrical and dielectrical properties of the spinel ferrite Li0.5MgFe1.5O3.5, synthesized using a sol–gel auto-combustion method were studied.
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15

Dara, Mina, Mohammad Hassanpour, Omid Amiri, Mahin Baladi, and Masoud Salavati-Niasari. "Sol–gel auto combustion synthesis, characterization, and application of Tb2FeMnO6 nanostructures as an effective photocatalyst for the discoloration of organic dye contaminants in wastewater." RSC Advances 11, no. 43 (2021): 26844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02609g.

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In this study, new double perovskite Tb2FeMnO6 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel auto combustion method for the first time. The photocatalytic properties of the nanoparticles were also evaluated for the first time.
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16

Saleem, M., and Dinesh Varshney. "Structural, thermal, and transport properties of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion technique." RSC Advances 8, no. 3 (2018): 1600–1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09883a.

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17

Vakalyuk, Andrii, and Vasyl Vakalyuk. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF RARE-EARTH METAL IMPURITIES ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF LITHIUM-IRON SPINEL." SWorld-Ger Conference proceedings, gec37-00 (February 28, 2022): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.30890/2709-1783.2025-37-00-014.

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The temperature-frequency dependences of the electrical characteristics of Li2Fe2,5-xMexO4 (Ме=La;Y, x=0;0.01;0.03;0.05) spinels synthesized by the «sol-gel» auto-combustion technology were obtained by the method of impedance spectroscopy in the tem
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18

V., D. Murumkar. "SYNTHESIS MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC FERRITE NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Education &Applied Sciences Research 2, no. 9 (2015): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10691478.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>Zinc ferrite (ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method using citric acid as a fuel. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was taken as 1:3. The as synthesized powder of Zn ferrite nanoparticles is annealed at 600<sup>˚</sup>C for 6 h and prepared sample was used for characterization and investigations of structural and magnetic properties. The structural characterization of Zn ferrite nanoparticles were done by X-ray diffraction technique. The crystallite size obtained by Scherer&rsquo;s formula is in the order of 2
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19

Latif, Zartashia, Atta Ur Rehman, Nasir Amin, Muhammad Imran Arshad, and Riadh Marzouki. "Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs): a source to bring change in the properties of Co–Ni–Gd-ferrite/GNP nanocomposites." RSC Advances 13, no. 49 (2023): 34308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02080k.

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The nanocomposites of Co0.5Ni0.5Gd0.03Fe1.97O4 and graphene nanoplatelets were prepared via a sol–gel auto combustion route. Their unique properties confirmed that the as-prepared nanocomposites can be employed in high-frequency devices as well as spintronic applications.
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20

Jiang, Yuwen, Shaoguang Yang, Zhenghe Hua, Jiangfeng Gong, and Xiaoning Zhao. "Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of totally immiscible NiAg alloy." Materials Research Bulletin 46, no. 12 (2011): 2531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.08.013.

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21

Sutka, Andris, and Gundars Mezinskis. "Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis of spinel-type ferrite nanomaterials." Frontiers of Materials Science 6, no. 2 (2012): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11706-012-0167-3.

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22

Sun, Jie, Zhen Hua Zhang, and Xiao Hui Cao. "Synthesis and Dielectric Property of Perovskite-Type LaMnO3 Nanoparticle." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.967.

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The perovskite-type nanocrystal LaMnO3 was prepared using sol-gel auto-combustion method with citric acid as the chelating agent. Some analytical methods consisted of FT-IR, XRD, TEM and wave-guide method were used to characterize the gel and the final products. The metal ions coordination compound, obtained from nitrate and citrate, underwent an auto-combustion process and voluminous ashes formed when calcining the complex in the air. From the result of the dielectric properity. It was shown that the dielectric coefficient curves and dielectric loss curve of LaMnO3 nanocrystals were smooth in
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23

Li, Le-Zhong, Xiao-Xi Zhong, Rui Wang, et al. "Structural, magnetic and electrical properties in Al-substitued NiZnCo ferrite prepared via the sol–gel auto-combustion method for LTCC technology." RSC Advances 7, no. 62 (2017): 39198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06413f.

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24

Liu, Gui Fang, Run Hua Fan, Ke Lan Yan, et al. "Magnetic Properties and Unusual Morphologies of Barium Ferrites Prepared by Electrospinning and Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.141.

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Barium ferrite fibers and barium ferrite powders were successfully prepared respectively via Electrospinning method and sol-gel auto-combustion method by using Fe (NO3)3·9H2O, Ba (NO3)2 as one of the main raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) were used to study the phase composition and microstructure of barium ferrite. The results showed that barium ferrite fibers consist of a mixture of barium ferrite particles, the diameter of fibers is about 200 nm; barium ferrite powders prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion method were flake barium fe
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25

BARATI, M. R., S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI, and A. BADIEI. "INFLUENCE OF pH ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-ZINC NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDERS SYNTHESIZED BY A SOL-GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 18n19 (2008): 3153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208048048.

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In this research a sol-gel auto-combustion route has been proposed to synthesize nickel-zinc ferrite nanocrystalline powder, using metal nitrates, citric acid as fuel and ammonia as pH adjusting agent. The influence of pH value of the solution on phase evolution, crystallite size and morphology of as-burnt powders were investigated by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results revealed that with pH=7 the single phase nickel-zinc ferrite nanocrystalline powders with crystallite size of about 27nm were formed directly after auto combustion process.
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26

Bouokkeze, D., J. Massoudi, W. Hzez, et al. "Investigation of the structural, optical, elastic and electrical properties of spinel LiZn2Fe3O8 nanoparticles annealed at two distinct temperatures." RSC Advances 9, no. 70 (2019): 40940–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07569k.

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Nanoparticles of Li<sub>0.5</sub>ZnFe<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LiZn<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) with the spinel structure were prepared by a sol–gel auto-combustion method at two different annealing temperatures.
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27

Ibrahim F. waheed, Emaad T. Bakir, and Sabah M. Ali. "Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles/PVA composite and studying Its electric properties." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 6 (2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i6.1079.

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In this work focused on preparing Nickel Ferrite NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles (NFNPs) which prepared by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method. Incorporating (NFNPs) in PVA afforded NFNPs/PVA composites with different weight of NFNPs. the NFNPs /PVA composite and pure PVA were identified by different techniques, FTIR
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28

Zeng, Ai Xiang, and Jun Yuan. "Study of Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method Prepare Ni0.6-xZn0.4MgxFe2O4." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1052.

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Ni0.6-xZn0.4MgxFe2O4were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method with Zn(NO3.) 2 •6H2O. , Ni(NO3.) )2•6H2O. , Mg(NO3.) )2•6H2O. , Fe(NO3.) )3•9H2O. , COOO2. and NH3•H2O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysises show that the sample is single phase and the doping of magnesium makes no difference to nickel-zinc ferrite’s crystal structure; nickel-zinc ferrite has formed after auto-combustion. Scanning electron microscope analysises show that after sintered the sample’s size is more even and the doping of magnesium makes the size smaller and more even too.
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29

Borade, Rameshwar B., Sagar E. Shirsath, Gaurav Vats, et al. "Polycrystalline to preferred-(100) single crystal texture phase transformation of yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 1 (2019): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00123e.

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Nanocrystalline Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet (YIG) powders of different compositions, Y<sub>3−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0), were synthesized by a combination of sol–gel auto-combustion and solid-state synthesis techniques.
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30

Megha, Unikoth, Karakat Shijina, and George Varghese. "Nanosized LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3 perovskites synthesized by citrate sol gel auto combustion method." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 2 (2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1402087m.

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LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3 (LCFO) nanopowder was synthesized from constituent metal nitrates, citric acid and ethylene glycol by citrate sol gel autocombustion method and calcined at different temperatures. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), whereas dielectric properties were investigated with LCR-meter. The FTIR spectra, taken for the xerogel and the sample calcined at 1000?C, confirm that the organic groups were removed during calcination and oxide structure
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31

Kadam, R. H., A. R. Biradar, M. L. Mane, and Sagar E. Shirsath. "Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis of Li3xMnFe2−xO4 and their characterizations." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 4 (2012): 043902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4746746.

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32

Slatineanu, Tamara, Eliano Diana, Valentin Nica, et al. "The influence of the chelating/combustion agents on the structure and magnetic properties of zinc ferrite." Open Chemistry 10, no. 6 (2012): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0098-y.

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AbstractThe present study is reporting the influence of the chelating/combustion agents on the magnetic properties of Zn ferrite. Six chelating/combustion agents, citric acid, egg white, tartaric acid, glycine, glucose and urea, were used to obtain monophase zinc nanoferrite via a sol-gel auto-combustion method. The samples were subjected to a comparative study of structural features and magnetic properties by means of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Significant influence of fuel and combustion mode was observed in th
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33

WIDYASTUTI, WIDYASTUTI, FELLY YULIAN FF, ROCHMAN R, and HARIYATI PURWANINGSIH. "SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLE BARIUM HEX AFERRITE BY SOL GEL AUTO COMBUTIO." Jurnal Teknik Industri 12, no. 2 (2012): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol12.no2.156-161.

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Nanocrystalline of Barium Hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) powders have been synthesized using the sol gel auto combustion method. The ferrite precursors were obtained from aqueous mixtures of Barium nitrate and Ferric nitrate by auto combustion reaction from gel point. These precursors were sintered at different temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000oC for constant calcinations time 2,5 h in a static air atmosphere. Effects of Fe3+/Ba2+ mol ratios and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and magnetic properties were systematically studied. The powders formed were investigated using X-ray diffra
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34

Sutka, A., S. Lagzdina, G. Mezinskis, A. Pludons, I. Vitina, and L. Timma. "A comparative study of Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4obtained by sol-gel auto-combustion and flash combustion methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 25 (December 2, 2011): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/25/1/012019.

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35

Dudhal, Rani, Atul P. Keche, Swati B. Kale, Shakti N. Bajaj, Vishnu B. Raut, and Santosh D. More. "Role of pH on the Structural and Infrared Properties of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared via Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Method." Advanced Materials Research 1169 (March 18, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1pbj14.

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Wet chemical methods in particular sol-gel auto combustion method play a vital role in governing the size and the shape of the particles. In the present communication, nickel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique using citric acid as a fuel. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was chosen as 1:3 using propellant chemistry approach. The nanopowder of the nickel ferrite was prepared at various pH viz. 2, 5, 7 and 9. The obtained nanopowder was annealed at 600°C for 4 h and used for further characterizations. All the samples were structurally characterized by X-ray d
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36

Ostafiychuk, B. K., M. O. Nykoliuk, A. B. Hrubyak, Y. S. Kaykan, and L. S. Kaykan. "Effect of pH of the Reaction Mediumon the Structure and Properties of Spinel-Type Ferrite Nanopowder." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 17, no. 1 (2016): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.17.1.70-75.

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In this work using sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis was synthesised single-phase magnesium-substituted lithium ferrite at different pH reaction medium. The synthesized materials were investigated by X-ray and Mossbauer methods. It was shown that the pH of the reaction medium plays a crucial role in the formation of the microstructure and properties of synthesized systems.
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37

Jumril, Yunas, Sulaiman Noor Humam, and Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali. "Synthesis of Calcium Ferrite Nanoparticles (CaFe2O4-NPs) Using Auto-Combustion Method for Targeted Drug Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.115.

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In this paper, we report the synthesis process development of calcium ferrite nanoparticles (CaFe2O4 NPs) using auto-combustion method. The process started by mixing the calcium nitrate Ca (NO2)3 and ferric nitrate Fe (NO3)3 dissolved in 150mL of distilled water with an addition of citric acid as a chelating agent. The mixture was synthesized through sol-gel combustion method and then calcined at 550°C to obtain powders. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of CaFe2O4 NPs were observed and characterized by using XRD and FESEM measurement, while the magnetic property of the synthesi
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38

Bhaskar, S. Munde. "SYNTHESIS AND INFRARED CHARACTERIZATIONS OF COBALT SPINEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 6 (2018): 79–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1285778.

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This paper reports facile synthesis and Infrared spectral evaluation of cobalt spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique using citric acid as a fuel. The fuel to metal nitrate ratio was derived as 1:3 using propellant chemistry. Different Synthesis parameters such as fuel to nitrate ratio, pH, synthesis temperature, stirring speed and annealing temperature were optimized and the same are listed. Further, the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) for chemical identification. The room temperatur
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39

Uday Bhasker, Sontu, Y. Vijaya Kumar, and M. V. Ramana Reddy. "Preparation and Characterization of Cobalt Magnesium Nano Ferrites Using Auto-Combustion Method." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.280.

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Co0.6Mg0.4 Fe2O4 samples are prepared by auto-combustion method at various pH values of the solutions (sols). The precursors for the solids are different gels obtained from metal nitrates and citric acid by sol-gel process. The pH is varied by adding ammonia. The gels thus obtained are heated at 2000C and they exhibited self propagating combustion behavior. The residues are heated for one and half hours at 6000C. XRD analysis of the final solids revealed that after combustion the gel is directly transformed into nano sized cobalt magnesium ferrite particles. The samples are sintered at 6000C a
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40

C Alange, Ravindra. "Structural and Magnetic Properties of Zn2+ Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-gel Auto Combustion Method." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 7 (2021): 981–83. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21719065226.

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41

Bhukal, Santosh, Manisha Dhiman, S. Bansal, Mukesh K. Tripathi, and Sonal Singhal. "Substituted Co–Cu–Zn nanoferrites: synthesis, fundamental and redox catalytic properties for the degradation of methyl orange." RSC Advances 6, no. 2 (2016): 1360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22561b.

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Co<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.2</sub>M<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1.8−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (M = Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>3+</sup>. x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) magnetically recyclable catalysts have been synthesized via a sol–gel auto combustion method.
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CHENG, JIHAI. "SYNTHESIS OF LAxSR1-xTIO3 ANODE MATERIALS BY SOL-GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION METHOD." Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 57, no. 1 (2012): 969–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072012000100003.

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Tsega, Moges, and F. B. Dejene. "Photoluminescence and Thermoluminescence Properties of Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Driven Mg2SnO4 Nanophosphor." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (2018): R183—R189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0161811jss.

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Cannas, C., A. Musinu, D. Peddis, and G. Piccaluga. "New Synthesis of Ferrite–Silica Nanocomposites by a Sol–Gel Auto-Combustion." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 6, no. 2/3 (2004): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nano.0000034679.22546.d7.

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Zhang, Rongjun, Jiejie Huang, Jiantao Zhao, Zhiqiang Sun, and Yang Wang. "Sol−Gel Auto-Combustion Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite for Moderate Temperature Desulfurization." Energy & Fuels 21, no. 5 (2007): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef070064w.

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Yue, Zhenxing, Ji Zhou, Longtu Li, Hongguo Zhang, and Zhilun Gui. "Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiCuZn ferrite powders by sol–gel auto-combustion method." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 208, no. 1-2 (2000): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00566-1.

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Ansari, Fatemeh, Azam Sobhani, and Masoud Salavati-Niasari. "Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of PbFe12O19using maltose as a novel reductant." RSC Adv. 4, no. 109 (2014): 63946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11688g.

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GHOSH, A., M. SATALKAR, S. RATHOD, et al. "SOFT MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Mg0.7-xNi0.3ZnxFe2O4 FERRITES SYNTHESIZED BY SOL-GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE WITHOUT POST-PREPARATION THERMAL TREATMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009896.

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Single phase nanocrystalline soft magnetic Mg 0.7-x Ni 0.3 Zn x Fe 2 O 4, ferrites with x = 0.0 − 0.7 were prepared by sol gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of single phase nano-crystalline cubic spinel ferrites with average grain diameter ranging between 12.9 nm to 23.9 nm. Formation of the ferrite phase without subsequent heat treatment makes sol-gel auto combustion technique especially suitable and economical for the large scale industrial production of the nano-crystalline ferrites for multilayer chip inductor applications (MLCI). Both, lattice parameter
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V., D. Murumkar. "EFFECT OF ZINC SUBSTITUTION ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NICKEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Education &Applied Sciences Research 3, no. 5 (2016): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10699799.

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<strong>Abstract </strong> <em>Zinc substituted nickel (Ni<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with x=0.00, 0.2 and 0.4) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method using citric acid as a fuel. The metal nitrate to fuel ratio was taken as 1:3. The as synthesized powder of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles is annealed at 600<sup>˚</sup>C for 6h and prepared sample was used for characterization and investigations of structural and magnetic properties. The structural characterization of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles were done by X-ray diffraction technique.
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Muslim, Tagreed, and Shaymaa A. Kadhim. "The Gas Sensitivity Properties of Nano Ferrite CuxAl0.3-XNi0.7Fe2O4 Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method." Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 36, no. 4 (2023): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/36.4.3118.

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This study includes the preparation of the ferrite nano ferrite CuxAl0.3-XNi0.7Fe2O4 (where: x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) M using the auto combustion method (sol-gel), and citric acid was used as fuel for auto combustion. The ferrite samples were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). They showed that the prepared compound has a face-centered cubic structure (FCC). The lattice constant increases with an increase in the percentage of doping of the copper ions, and a decrease for the alumin
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