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Journal articles on the topic 'Sol-gel phase transition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Bilge, Ayse Humeyra, Arif Selcuk Ogrenci, and Onder Pekcan. "Mathematical models for phase transitions in biogels." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 09 (March 30, 2019): 1950111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919501112.

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It has been shown that reversible and irreversible phase transitions of biogels can be represented by epidemic models. The irreversible chemical sol–gel transitions are modeled by the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) or Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemic systems whereas reversible physical gels are modeled by a modification of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) system. Measured sol–gel and gel–sol transition data have been fitted to the solutions of the epidemic models, either by solving the differential equations directly (SIR and SEIR models) or by nonlinear regression (SIS model). The gel point is represented as the “critical point of sigmoid,” defined as the limit point of the locations of the extreme values of its derivatives. Then, the parameters of the sigmoidal curve representing the gelation process are used to predict the gel point and its relative position with respect to the transition point, that is, the maximum of the first derivative with respect to time. For chemical gels, the gel point is always located before the maximum of the first derivative and moves backward in time as the strength of the activation increases. For physical gels, the critical point for the sol–gel transition occurs before the maximum of the first derivative with respect to time, that is, it is located at the right of this maximum with respect to temperature. For gel–sol transitions, the critical point is close to the transition point; the critical point occurs after the maximum of the first derivative for low concentrations whereas the critical point occurs after the maximum of the first derivative for higher concentrations.
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2

dos Santos, L. R. B., A. F. Craievich, C. V. Santilli, and S. H. Pulcinelli. "Sol phase and sol–gel transition in SnO2colloidal suspensions." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899012686.

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3

Sharma, H. BASANTAKUMAR, and Abhai Mansingh. "Phase transition in Sol-Gel processed barium titanate ceramics." Ferroelectrics Letters Section 23, no. 1-2 (August 1997): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315179708203404.

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4

Yan, Zhi-Chao, Chandra Sekhar Biswas, and Florian J. Stadler. "Rheological Study on the Thermoreversible Gelation of Stereo-Controlled Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) in an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050783.

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The thermoreversible sol-gel transition for an ionic liquid (IL) solution of isotactic-rich poly (N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAMs) is investigated by rheological technique. The meso-diad content of PNIPAMs ranges between 47% and 79%, and molecular weight (Mn) is ~35,000 and ~70,000 g/mol for two series of samples. PNIPAMs are soluble in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) at high temperatures but undergo a gelation with decreasing temperatures. The transition temperature determined from G’-G” crossover increases with isotacticity, consistent with the previous cloud-point result at the same scanning rate, indicating imide groups along the same side of backbones are prone to be aggregated for formation of a gel. The transition point based on Winter-Chambon criterion is on average higher than that of the G’-G” crossover method and is insensitive to tacticity and molecular weight, since it correlates with percolation of globules rather than the further formation of elastic network (G’ > G”). For the first time, the phase diagram composed of both G’-G” crossover points for gelation and cloud points is established in PNIPAM/IL mixtures. For low-Mn PNIPAMs, the crossover-point line intersects the cloud-point line. Hence, from solution to opaque gel, the sample will experience two different transitional phases, either clear gel or opaque sol. A clear gel is formed due to partial phase separation of isotactic segments that could act as junctions of network. However, when the partial phase separation is not faster than the formation of globules, an opaque sol will be formed. For high-Mn PNIPAMs, crossover points are below cloud points at all concentrations, so their gelation only follows the opaque sol route. Such phase diagram is attributed to the poorer solubility of high-Mn polymers for entropic reasons. The phase diagram composed of Winter-Chambon melting points, crossover points for melting, and clear points is similar with the gelation phase diagram, confirming the mechanism above.
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5

Turchetto, Alessandro, and Attilio Cesàro. "Gel-sol phase transition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in dimethylformamide." Thermochimica Acta 269-270 (December 1995): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02572-3.

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6

Sharma, H. Basantakumar, and Abhai Mansingh. "Phase transition in sol-gel-derived barium titanate thin films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 31, no. 13 (July 7, 1998): 1527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/31/13/006.

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7

Shannigrahi, Santiranjan, R. N. P. Choudhary, H. N. Acharya, and T. P. Sinha. "Phase transition in sol-gel-derived Na-modified PLZT ceramics." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 32, no. 13 (January 1, 1999): 1539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/32/13/315.

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8

Gatelyte, Aurelija, Darius Jasaitis, Aldona Beganskiene, and Aivaras Kareiva. "Sol-Gel Derived Ferrites: Synthesis and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 222 (April 2011): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.222.235.

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In the present work, the sinterability and formation of nanosized yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12), yttrium perovskite ferrite (YFeO3), cobalt, nickel and zinc iron spinel (CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4, respectively) powders by an aqueous sol-gel processes are investigated. The phase purity of synthesized nano-compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The microstructural evolution and morphological features of obtained transition metal ferrites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The possible application of these nanosized transition metal ferrites as ceramic pigments was demonstrated.
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9

Xu, Dong Ying, Zheng Fu Liao, and Hui Wang. "Sol-Gel Transition Kinetics of Konjac Glucomannan Dilute Solution by Fluorescence Technique." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1326.

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Konjac glucomannan (KGM) has been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical engineering, food industry, drug carrier delivery, etc. The sol-gel transition kinetics of KGM dilute solution was studied by steady fluorescence spectroscopy in this article. The results showed that the gel point of KGM solutions depend on the concentration of KGM, pH value and temperature. The sol-gel phase transition activation energy, ΔE, was calculated to be 83.1 kJ/mol based on first reaction kinetic model.
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10

Yu, Xia, Hui Chen, Xiang Shi, Pierre-Antoine Albouy, Jia Guo, Jun Hu, and Min-Hui Li. "Liquid crystal gelators with photo-responsive and AIE properties." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2, no. 12 (2018): 2245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00340h.

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11

Kim, Yu Han, Mi Hee Cho, In Bum Song, Hoon Hyun, Jung Won Lee, Moon Suk Kim, Seog Jin Seo, et al. "Injectable Chitosan Carrier for Demineralized Bone Matrix." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.177.

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In this study, we developed an injectable carrier for demineralized bone matrix (DBM) which consists of chitosan and glycerol phosphate (GP). The phase transition behaviors of chitosan and GP solution characterized as a function of temperature. The chitosan and GP solutions were shown to form a sol at room temperature, and the chitosan solution with 10-20 wt% concentrations were found to undergo sol-to-gel phase transitions as the temperature was increased. In situ gel forming implant in vivo was successfully fabricated by simple subcutaneous injection of chitosan and GP solutions with demineralized bone matrix (DBM). von Kossa images of the gel implant formed from solution with DBM revealed the presence of mineral deposits.
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12

Fu, Chun Lin, Meng Huo, Wei Cai, and Xiao Ling Deng. "Bismuth Ferrite Nanopowders Prepared by Sol-Gel." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.142.

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BiFeO3 powders were prepared by sol-gel process and calcined at different temperatures. The DTA curve shows an obvious exothermic peak near 480.5°C, the temperature close to BiFeO3 formation temperature, which is agreement with the XRD results (450°C). After calcining at 600°C for 1h, XRD spectra has the emergence of several sharp diffraction peaks, compared with the standard XRD spectrum of the crystal BiFeO3. As the calcining temperature increased, the diffraction peak intensity of the XRD spectra of BiFeO3 gradually increased and the diffraction peaks became sharply, indicating that the grain size gradually became larger. There is a clear endothermic peak near 825.1°C, which is the α phase to β phase transition from the knowledge of the phase diagram and in good agreement with the reported Curie temperature.
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13

Nolan, Nicholas T., Michael K. Seery, and Suresh C. Pillai. "Crystallization and Phase-Transition Characteristics of Sol−Gel-Synthesized Zinc Titanates." Chemistry of Materials 23, no. 6 (March 22, 2011): 1496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm1031688.

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14

Dutta, S., R. N. P. Choudhary, and P. K. Sinha. "Ferroelectric phase transition in sol-gel derived Bi-doped PLZT ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 9 (May 2004): 3129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000025842.46451.64.

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15

Keita, G., and A. Ricard. "Phase diagram of borate-PVA system: Sol-gel transition and demixtion." Polymer Bulletin 24, no. 6 (December 1990): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00300160.

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16

Wu, Yaxiong, Ying Dai, Ling Huang, Xinmei Pei, and Wen Chen. "Diffuse phase transition of sol-gel deposited BaFexTi2-xO5 thin films." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 727 (December 2017): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.238.

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17

Michot, L. J., E. Paineau, I. Bihannic, S. Maddi, J. F. L. Duval, C. Baravian, P. Davidson, and P. Levitz. "Isotropic/nematic and sol/gel transitions in aqueous suspensions of size selected nontronite NAu1." Clay Minerals 48, no. 5 (December 2013): 663–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.5.01.

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AbstractThe phase behaviour of aqueous suspensions of NAu1 nontronite was studied on size-selected particles by combining osmotic pressure measurements, visual observations under polarized light, rheological experiments and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). NAu1 suspensions display a liquid crystalline behaviour as they exhibit a Isotropic/Nematic (I/N) transition that occurs before the sol/gel transition for ionic strengths below 10–3M/L. This I/N transition shifts towards lower volume fractions for increasing particle anisotropy and its position in the phase diagram agrees well with the theoretical predictions for platelets. SAXS measurements reveal the presence of characteristic interparticular distances in the isotropic, nematic and gel phases. In the gel phase a local lamellar order is observed which shows that the “house of cards” model is not appropriate for describing the gel structure in swelling clay materials at low ionic strength. Furthermore, by combining results from osmotic pressure measurements and X-ray scattering, it appears that the pressure of the system can be well described using a simple Poisson-Boltzmann treatment based on the repulsion between charged infinite parallel planes. In terms of rheological properties, even if the thermodynamical status of the sol/gel transition remains partially unclear, the yield stress and elasticity of the gels can be easily renormalized for all particle sizes on the basis of the volume of the particles. Furthermore, rheological modelling of the flow curves shows that for all the particles an approach based on excluded volume effects captures most features of nontronite suspensions.
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18

Mamada, Masashi, Tsuyoshi Minami, Hiroshi Katagiri, Takafumi Omiya, and Shizuo Tokito. "One-step, green synthesis of a supramolecular organogelator based on mellitic triimide for the recognition of aromatic compounds." Chemical Communications 53, no. 63 (2017): 8834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc04876a.

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19

Wezenberg, Sander J., Christelle M. Croisetu, Marc C. A. Stuart, and Ben L. Feringa. "Reversible gel–sol photoswitching with an overcrowded alkene-based bis-urea supergelator." Chemical Science 7, no. 7 (2016): 4341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc00659k.

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20

Bulanov, Evgeny N., Maxim S. Boldin, Alexander V. Knyazev, Vitaliy Zh Korokin, and Alexander A. Popov. "Obtaining Ceramic Materials from Hydroxyapatite Using Spark-Plasma Sintering." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 7 (July 26, 2018): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0260.

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AbstractHydroxyapatite was synthesized via sol-gel and solid-state reaction. Both compounds were investigated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. For sol-gel hydroxyapatite, we observed a phase transition, confirmed by character of changing of unit-cell parameters, thermal expansion coefficients and endothermic effect on DTA curve. In the process of obtaining ceramics using spark-plasma sintering both compounds manifested an unexpected shrinkage rate. All effects were explained on the basis of changings in crystal structure during distortion polymorphic transition.
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21

Ivanov-Pavlov, Denis A., Vladimir G. Konakov, Elena N. Solovieva, Viktor M. Ushakov, and Natalia V. Borisova. "Investigation of Interrelation between Particle Size and Phase Transition in the Al2O3-ZrO2 System." Journal of Nano Research 6 (June 2009): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.6.35.

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Powder precursors of the Al2O3-ZrO2 system were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Dispersity of the powders depended on synthesis and drying conditions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray diffraction, and method of adsorption–desorption isotherms were used to characterize the interrelations between particle size and phase transition in the Al2O3-ZrO2 system. It was revealed that azeotropic drying under overpressure is quite effective for obtaining well-dispersed powder precursors synthesized by the sol-gel method. In contrast to bulk materials, tetragonal, cubic, and monoclinic phases were found to exist in a wider temperature-composition range. It was shown that the existing phase symmetry in the well-dispersed powders correlates with the crystallite size.
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22

Ren, Chunhua, Liping Chu, Fan Huang, Lijun Yang, Huirong Fan, Jianfeng Liu, and Cuihong Yang. "A novel H2O2responsive supramolecular hydrogel for controllable drug release." RSC Advances 7, no. 3 (2017): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26536g.

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23

Liu, Jin, Yuanyuan Lv, Weihu Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, and Anyi Wang. "The Rutile Phase of TiO2/Graphene Films: Sol–Gel Method, Phase Transition, Photocatalytic Properties." Integrated Ferroelectrics 207, no. 1 (May 3, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2020.1728669.

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24

Fan, Kaiqi, Jian Song, Jingjing Li, Xidong Guan, Naimin Tao, Ciqing Tong, Huahua Shen, and Libo Niu. "Copper(ii)-responsive gel–sol phase transition in supramolecular gel systems of salen-appended sorbitol." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1, no. 45 (2013): 7479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31595a.

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25

Wahab, Rizwan, S. G. Ansari, M. A. Dar, Young Soon Kim, and Hyung Shik Shin. "Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Process." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.983.

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Cubic shaped Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method using magnesium nitrate and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. Hydrated Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were annealed in air at 300 and 500°C. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the obtain nanoparticles are in good crystallinity, pure magnesium oxide periclase phase with (200) orientation. Morphological investigation by FESEM reveals that the typical sizes of the grown nanoparticles are in the range of 50-70nm. Powder composition was analyzed by the FTIR spectroscopy and the results confirms that the conversion of brucite phase magnesium hydroxide in to magnesium oxide periclase phase was achieved at 300°C.The Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed the phase transition of the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles occurs at 280-300°C.
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26

Fan, Haiming, Shuzhi Zhao, Bingcheng Li, Haijian Fan, Wanli Kang, and Jianbin Huang. "Formation and phase transition of hydrogel in a zwitterionic/anionic surfactant system." RSC Advances 5, no. 35 (2015): 27623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01488c.

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Hydrogel was formed in a mixture of the zwitterionic surfactant HDPS (with a saturated C16tail) and anionic surfactant SDS, and could easily be switched between gel and sol by dual stimulus–response processes employing temperature and salt.
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27

Owczarz, Piotr, Patryk Ziółkowski, Zofia Modrzejewska, Sławomir Kuberski, and Marek Dziubiński. "Rheo-Kinetic Study of Sol-Gel Phase Transition of Chitosan Colloidal Systems." Polymers 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10010047.

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28

Dixit, A., S. B. Majumder, P. S. Dobal, R. S. Katiyar, and A. S. Bhalla. "Phase transition studies of sol–gel deposited barium zirconate titanate thin films." Thin Solid Films 447-448 (January 2004): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(03)01065-4.

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29

Fakhar-Bourguiba, N., N. Gharbi, L. Smiri-Dogguy, and J. P. Boilot. "Sol-gel preparation, phase transition and ionic conductivity in Na5YSi4O12 and Na5GdSi4O12." Materials Research Bulletin 23, no. 8 (August 1988): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(88)90210-3.

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30

Lu, Xiaoming, Tianlin Wang, Yaming Zhang, M. Babar Shahzad, and Yang Qi. "An enhancement in structural and superconducting properties of Bi2212 epitaxial thin films grown by the Pechini sol–gel method." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 2 (February 14, 2013): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812051175.

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Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi2212) superconducting thin films were prepared by the Pechini sol–gel method using nitrates as reactants. The precursor sol was deposited on SrTiO3(001) single-crystal substratesviathe spin-coating method, and the results revealed the lowering of the Bi2212 phase-transition temperature; meanwhile the sintering time was significantly reduced. According to this investigation, the phase purity and crystallinity of Bi2212 thin films were obviously improved owing to the stable gel mechanism; theTc,onsettransition temperature value of the purec-axis Bi2212 thin films rose to about 95 K.
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31

Kim, Moon Suk, Hoon Hyun, Kwang Su Seo, Young Ho Cho, Jung Won Lee, Chang Rae Lee, Gilson Khang, and Hai Bang Lee. "Preparation and characterization of MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers with thermo-responsive sol–gel–sol phase transition." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 44, no. 18 (2006): 5413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21659.

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32

Mehranpour, H., M. Askari, M. Sasani Ghamsari, and H. Farzalibeik. "Study on the Phase Transformation Kinetics of Sol-Gel DrivedTiO2Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/626978.

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Titanium dioxide nanopowders were synthesized by the diffusion controlled sol-gel process (LaMer model) and characterized by DTA-TG, XRD, and SEM. The preparedTiO2nanoparticles have uniform size and morphology, and the phase transformation kinetics of obtained material was studied by interpretation of the X-ray diffraction patterns peaks on the base of Avrami equation. The stating point of anatase-rutile phase transformation temperature in the prepared nanoparticles was found between 100 and200°C. A decreasing trend on the intensity of X-ray peaks of anatase phase was observed up to600°Cwhen the presence of the rutile phase became predominant. Results indicated that the transition kinetics of the diffusion controlled prepared nanoparticles was begun at low temperature, and it can be concluded that the nucleation and growth sites in these particles were more than other. However, it has been found that the nucleation activation energy of rutile phase was 20 kj/mol, and it is the lowest reported activation energy.
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Carrillo, Adela I., Jürgen Bachl, Judith Mayr, Pedro J. Plaza-González, José M. Cátala-Civera, and David Díaz Díaz. "Non-invasive and continuous monitoring of the sol–gel phase transition of supramolecular gels using a fast (open-ended coaxial) microwave sensor." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 9 (2015): 6212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04063e.

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34

Helen, S., and A. Ruban Kumar. "Effect of Polymer Blends on Hydroxyapatite Using Sol–Gel Method." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12146.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized using polyethylene glycol with polyvinyl alcohol as blends which gave changes in stability to the synthesized HA. The addition of Polymer blends altered the morphology and particle size which carries more advantages. The single phase formation and lattice parameters of the prepared compound were analyzed by powder XRD technique. Phase transition and various functional groups were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The morphology of the synthesized material was determined by SEM images and composition of the materials was analyzed through EDAX.
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35

Sun, Tongming, Jinli Zhu, Miao Wang, Minlei Lu, Jinjin Ding, Ziting Lv, Ping Hua, and Yuejun Zhang. "A glucosyl triblock copolymer: synthesis and its injectable thermo- and pH-responsive behaviours." RSC Advances 5, no. 31 (2015): 24231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01144b.

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A new glucosyl triblock PGNA copolymer was first synthesized and the aqueous PGNA copolymer solution exhibits good sol–gel phase transition behaviours. The formed hydrogels are sensitive to the temperature and pH.
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36

Vargas, S., R. Arroyo, E. Haro, and R. Rodríguez. "Effects of cationic dopants on the phase transition temperature of titania prepared by the sol-gel method." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 10 (October 1999): 3932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0532.

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The effect of different cations in the anatase–rutile phase transition temperatures for titania prepared by the sol-gel method was studied. The metal dopants were chosen from different periods and groups of the periodic table to see the role played by the electronic configuration, the oxidizing state, the atomic size, etc. on these temperature modifications. Linear relationships between the anatase–rutile phase transition temperatures and the ionic radii for alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and group 3 and 13 elements were obtained. For elements of the period 4, there was not such a defined tendency; for most of them the modification of the phase transition temperature was too small. The cations used were Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Y3+, La3+, Er3+, Ti4+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. In all cases the dopant's concentration was 2 mol% with respect to titanium, and the same anion (nitrate) was used for all salts. A variation of more than 330 °C in the anatase–rutile phase transition temperatures was obtained by using these dopants. The transition temperatures from amorphous to anatase and from anatase to rutile phases were obtained from the x-ray diffractograms.
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37

Lisovytskiy, D., Z. Kaszkur, V. N. Baumer, J. Pielaszek, J. Marzec, J. Molenda, J. Dygas, Monika Kopeć, and F. Krok. "Phase Transformations in Li-Mn-O Spinels Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.311.

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Abstract. Lithium-manganese spinels obtained by sol-gel method were studied by XRD, impedance spectroscopy, electric conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Heating of low-temperature spinels up to 630° C leads to the formation of spinels with lattice constants close to stoichiometric high-temperature spinels, which exhibit no phase transition around room temperature and have good electric conductivity.
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38

Wei, Feng Lan, Xiang Zhao, E. Liu, Chun Long Li, and Zhe Mao. "Research of Preparation Process of Amorphous Composite Phase Change Material by Orthogonal Test Method." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.309.

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To prepare shape-stabilized phase change material applicable in digester insulation, firstly to prepare composite phase change material by sol-gel method. Shape material was obtained by sol-gel with TEOS, in which phase change material was lauric acid/cetyl alcohol binary eutectic phase change materials. T he result s showed that the descending order of the influencing factors: ester-PCM ratio, ester -water ratio, pH, the react ion temperature, aging temperature. The best technology is: the ester -water ratio1:8, ester-PCM ratio1:2.3, pH3, aging temperature 85°C, the react ion temperature 60°C. When composite phase change material was prepared with the best technology, phase transition temperature of composite phase change material is 34°C, phase change enthalpy can reach 122.4J/g when the mass fraction of phase change material is 64%.
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39

VODOLAZSKAYA, I. V., and YU YU TARASEVICH. "THE MODEL OF DRYING SESSILE DROP OF COLLOIDAL SOLUTION." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 15 (June 20, 2011): 1303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911026280.

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We have proposed and investigated a model of drying colloidal suspension drop placed onto a horizontal substrate in which the sol to gel phase transition occurs. The temporal evolution of volume fraction of the solute and the gel phase dynamics were obtained from numerical simulations. Our model takes into account the fact that some physical quantities are dependent on volume fraction of the colloidal particles.
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40

Ma, Ya Lu, Hong Long Zhu, and Jian Lin Li. "Preparation and Characterization of BaTiO3 Powders by Sol-Gel and BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Films by Electrophoretic Deposition Technique." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.617.

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The clear and transparent sols of BaTi acetate were prepared from tetrabutyltitanate, barium acetate aqueous solution, ethanol and acetic acid. The BaTi acetate sols were transferred into gels by sol-gel process, and the gels were dried and calcined to nanostructured BaTiO3 powders. Pure barium titanate powders added in mixtures of acetone and iodine and water or acetylacetone (Acac) and ethanol (EtOH) as suspension systems, the aim of this study was to use the electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD) to fabrication the BaTiO3 ferroelectric films with high dielectric constant. During sol-gel transition process, it is found that the initial PH value of sol affected not only the sol-gel transition, but also the particles size of the final calcined BaTiO3 powders. The effects of the EPD process parameters such as the suspension, powder concentration, electrical field strength on the specific EPD deposited weight were investigated. The films sintered at 1050°C for 2h were crystallized into the tetragonal phase at room temperature, which were sufficiently dense and had uniform microstructure and excellent dielectric properties.
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41

Qi, Xue Mei, Xin Yuan Zhu, Jiang Wu, Yu Wu, and Han Cheng Luo. "Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2-Based Photocatalyst and its Photoactivity Research." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.613.

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The TiO2-based photocatalysts have been synthesized by using sol-gel process and their photocatalytic activities were studied by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). It was shown that the calcination temperature has great influence on the crystalline phase transition of TiO2. For all the samples (Ag-doped and undoped TiO2photocatalysts) calcined at 573K, only anatase phase was observed from XRD diffraction spectra and the intensity of peaks is weak. After the calcined at 773K, a mixture of anatase-rutile phase appeared. The contents of rutile phase were about 85% and77% for undoped and Ag-adopted TiO2photocatalysts.There were only rutile phases for all the TiO2photocatalysts calcined at 973K observed from XRD diffraction spectra. Magnetically stirring time of A solution before added B had no obvious effects on the polymorphs transition of TiO2.
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42

Fichman, Galit, Tom Guterman, Joshua Damron, Lihi Adler-Abramovich, Judith Schmidt, Ellina Kesselman, Linda J. W. Shimon, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy, Yeshayahu Talmon, and Ehud Gazit. "Spontaneous structural transition and crystal formation in minimal supramolecular polymer model." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (February 2016): e1500827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500827.

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The association of building blocks into supramolecular polymers allows the fabrication of diverse functional architectures at the nanoscale. The use of minimal assembly units to explore polymer dynamics and phase transitions significantly contributes to the application of polymer physicochemical paradigms in the field of supramolecular polymers. We present a minimal model that displays spontaneous coordinated structural transitions between micro- and nanostructures, hydrogels with nanoscale order, and single crystals. The simple amphiphilic 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Fmoc-DOPA) modified amino acid undergoes a noninduced transition from spherical assemblies into nanofibrils followed by sol-gel transition, nanotube formation via intermediate assembly, and crystallization within the gel. Notably, the transition kinetics is slow enough to allow both multistage and multiscale characterization of the supramolecular arrangement using electron microscopy, vibrational and circular dichroism spectroscopies, nuclear magnetic resonance, and x-ray crystallography. This minimalistic system is the first comprehensive model for a complete spontaneous structural transition between diverse states governed by distinct molecular interactions.
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43

Cui, Yannan, Claire L. Pizzey, and Jeroen S. van Duijneveldt. "Modifying the structure and flow behaviour of aqueous montmorillonite suspensions with surfactant." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1988 (April 13, 2013): 20120262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0262.

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Colloidal suspensions of plate-like particles undergo a variety of phase transitions. The predicted isotropic/nematic transition is often pre-empted by a sol/gel transition, especially in suspensions of the most commonly used natural swelling clay montmorillonite (MMT). A number of factors, including charge interactions, flexibility and salt concentration, may contribute to this competition. In this study, the effect of surfactant adsorption on suspensions of MMT was studied using rheology, small-angle X-ray scattering, static light scattering and optical microscopy. The addition of a polyetheramine surfactant reduced the moduli of the system and shifted the sol/gel transition to a much higher clay concentration, compared with suspensions of bare clay particles. Yet, scattering data revealed no change in suspension structure on length scales up to around a micrometre. Primary aggregates remain at this length scale and no nematic phase is formed. There is, however, a change in structure at large length scales (of order 20 μm) where light scattering indicates the presence of string-like aggregates that disappear on addition of surfactant. Microscope images of dried suspensions also revealed a string-like structure. The dried strings show strong birefringence and may consist of concentric cylinders, self-assembled from clay sheets.
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44

Lebedeva, Yu E., N. E. Shchegoleva, V. A. Voronov, and St S. Solntcev. "Al2O3 AND ZrO2 CERAMIC MATERIALS OBTAINED BY SOL-GEL METHOD." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 4 (2021): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-4-61-73.

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The rheological properties, processes of structure and phase formation of the Al2O3–ZrO2 system compositions obtained by the sol-gel method have been investigated. The temperature range of crystallization of the compositions is 900–1100 °C. With an increase in the concentration of zirconium dioxide in the system, the temperature of the transition from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase decreases. The effect of the ratio of the components in the initial solutions and the temperature regime of heat treatment of gels on the physicochemical properties of nanopowders and sintered materials has been studied. Ceramic materials of eutectic composition give the highest density and lower values of porosity and water absorption.
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45

Ryl, Anna, and Piotr Owczarz. "Influence of fish collagen on viscoelastic properties and sol-gel phase transition of chitosan solutions." Acta Innovations, no. 27 (April 1, 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.2.

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The thermosensitive hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering due to their non-invasive application. Special interest of researchers, due to the specific characteristics of both materials, is aimed at composites of natural origin obtained from chitosan hydrogels combined with collagen. The mechanical properties of the thermosensitive chitosan-fish collagen hydrogels and the sol-gel phase transition parameters were determined by the rotational rheometry measurement techniques. Based on comparison of the obtained storage modulus G' curves, it was found that the addition of collagen negatively affects the mechanical properties of composite scaffolds. The addition of this protein substance decreases their elasticity. Only the smallest concentration (0.25g collagen/1 g chitosan) of collagen improves the mechanical properties of composite hydrogels, from 56 kPa to 61 kPa. Conducted non-isothermal studies allowed to conclude that the addition of collagen causes an increasing temperature of sol-gel phase transition. However, the observed changes are not a monotone function of the biopolymer concentration.
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46

Chung, Jong Won, Byeong-Kwan An, and Soo Young Park. "A Thermoreversible and Proton-Induced Gel−Sol Phase Transition with Remarkable Fluorescence Variation." Chemistry of Materials 20, no. 21 (November 11, 2008): 6750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm8019186.

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47

Pekcan, Önder, and Demet Kaya. "Fast transient fluorescence technique for studying sol–gel phase transition in polymeric mixtures." Materials Chemistry and Physics 85, no. 1 (May 2004): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.12.019.

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48

Ye, Chianping, Paul Baude, and Dennis L. Polla. "Critical phenomena and phase transition in SOL-GEL derived ferroelectric PLZT thin films." Ferroelectrics 157, no. 1 (July 1994): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199408229530.

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49

Murata, Kazutaka, Masayoshi Aoki, and Seiji Shinkai. "Sol-Gel Phase Transition of Switch-Functionalized Cholesterols as Detected by Circular Dichroism." Chemistry Letters 21, no. 5 (May 1992): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1992.739.

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50

Luo, Zhiqiang, Hongzan Song, Xiaorui Feng, Mingtao Run, Huanhuan Cui, Licun Wu, Jungang Gao, and Zhigang Wang. "Liquid Crystalline Phase Behavior and Sol–Gel Transition in Aqueous Halloysite Nanotube Dispersions." Langmuir 29, no. 40 (September 26, 2013): 12358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la402836d.

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