Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solaire photovoltaïque'
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Fouda, Efa. "Evaluation de la production électro-solaire photovoltaique domestique et villageoise au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX30019.
Full textYêhouénou, Kohomlan Gabriel Modeste. "Transition énergétique au Bénin : quel apport du solaire photovoltaïque ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG014.
Full textBenin, by its geographical position, enjoys good sunshine with an average of 1900 kWh / m² throughout its territory. According to data from the World Bank, only 41.40% of the Beninese population had access to electricity in 2016, electrical energy distributed unevenly whether in rural or urban areas. Our study aimed, in an international context of reducing of the carbon footprint in our uses and promotion of renewable energies, to reflect on a Beninese model of facilitating the access of populations to electricity by exploiting the potential of solar energy. This thesis showed the benefits of the territorialization of the solar resource at the level of the municipalities and its association with incentives from the central state. She also discussed Rogers' diffusion model for more efficient popularization of photovoltaic solar technology among the Beninese population
Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane. "Modélisation du stockage de l’énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1071/document.
Full textThe storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor
Dupré, Ludovic. "Croissance confinée de nanofils de silicium à application solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY028/document.
Full textSilicon nanowires are promising objects but their integration in electronic devices such as photvoltaic solar cells relies on the ability to control their production and tailor their structural properties. In this thesis we present a method to produce nanowire matrices using a gold or copper catalysed growth process by chemical vapor deposition and using a nanoporous alumina growth template. This method enables the fabrication of ultra-dense nanowire arrays (1.10^{10} nanowires/cm²) on non preferential substrate or heterostructures such as germanium nanowires on silicon substrate. Using X-ray diffraction we also show that the structural quality of the template grown nanowires is very good in spite of their non preferential substrate and the presence of a small cristalline lattice strain. The control of germanium nanowires strain is also demonstrated by embeding them in a silicon nitride shell. Besides, new results are presented concerning the catalyst contamination of silicon nanowires. Silicon nanowires integration in photovoltaic devices is eventually demonstrated using a radial geometry for the PN junction between the core and the shell of the nanowires
Ghamrawi, Ahmad. "Optimisation et gestion des flux énergétiques d'un générateur solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2304.
Full textThis thesis in part of research thematic dedicated to photovoltaic solar energy production's systems. In fact, energy demands in the world are continuously increasing, the fossil fuels exploitation depletes limited sources and impact our environment. Solar photovoltaic energy represents one of the most promoted renewable energy sources, even if its drawbacks remain its installation’s high initial cost and its production’s variability. The main object of the presented work is to optimize the global efficiency of a stand-alone photovoltaic system. In that respect, this research focuses on the architecture of the conversion chain by integrating DC-DC conventional and quadratic boost converters and on the optimization of maximum power point tracking algorithms during fast changing weather conditions. These converters are modelling as switched affine systems to propose a switching rule that stabilize the operating point according to Lyapunav theory. Several simulation results using Matlab/SimulinkTM are given to declare the maximization of the extracted electrical power and the stability of the operating point. Experimental results recuperated on a test bench in the laboratory LIAS backed and confirmed the interest of the proposed approaches
Hassan, Daher Daha. "Modélisation et analyse expérimentale d'une centrale solaire photovoltaïque en milieu désertique maritime." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI102/document.
Full textThe objective of this work has been to develop a model for the behavior of a photovoltaic (PV) plant in an arid zone, to optimize instantaneous production and maintain performance over time. Monitoring data were collected for a solar power plant, which were then studied to infer the impact of climatic factors (temperature, irradiation and dust deposits). Performance analysis techniques including "transposition to reference conditions" (eg. PVUSA) and "estimation of standard performance measures" (eg. PR) were applied to evaluate the annual degradation rate of the facility. A first indication of expected lifetime of PV installations for the climate of Djibouti was thus obtained, as well as a capacity to predict the long-term evolution of the plant and future installations. In parallel, a numerical model of the photovoltaic installation was constructed using TRNSYS, including the modules and inverters, to transcribe the behavior of the PV system as a whole, and also the environmental conditions in which it evolves. The model included in the standard TRNSYS library was improved with the aid of experimental results, in particular with regards the thermal dependence. A predictive model was thus developed combining dust accumulation, an empirical model of module temperatures and degradation. Finally, a parametric study was undertaken with the complete model, to evaluate the impact of cleaning schedules under various dust scenarios. The results will contribute to the optimization of solar power plant design and operation in this type of climate
Bricaud, Quentin. "Nouveaux polymères π-conjugués pour la conversion photovoltaïque de l'énergie solaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451124.
Full textGarabedian, Patrick. "Cellules et jonctions tunnel (Ga,In) (P,As) épitaxiées sur InP pour la conversion photovoltaïque multispectrale de l'énergie solaire." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4305.
Full textMambrini, Thomas. "Caractérisation de panneaux solaires photovoltaïques en conditions réelles d’implantation et en fonction des différentes technologies." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112380/document.
Full textNowadays, photovoltaic (PV) keeps growing fast and an increasing number of studies is require in order to assure the reliability and predictability of the PV-produced electricity. The lack of visibility concerning this field is a continuous source of complaints from the investors who hesitate to commit to PV projects (especially after the decrease of buying prices in Europe). Therefore, to assure the successful increase of PV energy, it is necessary to provide studies aiming at better understanding PV systems in real operations conditions, that means in outdoor conditions.The goal of this doctoral work has been to characterize different PV module technologies in their real use conditions. The outdoor parameters that influence the behavior of different module technologies have been investigated. The goal was to obtain useful information which could make PV-produced electricity more reliable. Therefore, these studies can efficiently complete standard laboratory characterization tests made under a single condition, the purpose of which is usually to determine the efficiency of the different solar cells technologies.To achieve this goal, first it has been necessary to define the outdoor parameters that mainly influence the modules and the most suitable methods to be used for their investigation. For this reason, part of this doctoral work has been devoted to the study of weather and atmospheric factors affecting the electrical behavior of the modules, as well as setting up instruments and methods to measure them. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of outdoors characterizations have been addressed.Then, after multiple fully automated PV platforms, mounted at the LGEP and at Ecole Polytechnique, thanks to a collaboration with the Laboratoire de Méteorologie Dynamique (LMD). The different applications and uses of these platforms have been highlighted by analyzing data recorded periodically (every minute on average) over periods ranging from days to several months. Manufacturer data, which are acquired in standard test conditions, and the performance measured in several conditions are compared. These results can be used for both research, understanding the behavior of the modules, help in predicting the energy yield of PV system and also to stress the educational role in teaching PV.Finally, the feasibility of an electric card that provides the main characteristics of any PV module by extracting the measured I(V) curve is described. Such electric card, developed at the LGEP, has other uses such as the determination of the maximum operating point
Ratovonkery, Julie. "DYNABIOSOL : Conception bio-inspirée d'une enveloppe solaire Photovoltaïque dynamique aux fonctionnalités évolutives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA027.
Full textClimate change, growing energy demand and depletion of fuel resources have led to increasingly high energy and environmental ambitions. These ambitions aim for resilient, sustainable, zero carbon and positive energy buildings in the building sector. Radical innovation in building envelope technologies is paramount as it is a key element in building energy efficiency. Indeed, the envelope is often designed on the basis of static functionalities rather than an adaptive and multifunctional interface. However, in the latter case, it would interact with and benefit from the effects of its external environment to ensure a comfortable indoor environment and the production of the building operating energy.In this context, this thesis consists in the design of an adaptive facade with integrated photovoltaic (PV) components. The adaptive functionalities are developed to improve both the thermal performance of the facade and the electrical production of the PV modules. Designing such an envelope element often requires complex mechanical and control systems to implement dynamic and adaptive functionalities. For this reason, we have chosen to adopt a bioinspiration approach and use smart materials to achieve flexible and low-tech adaptation mechanisms.The methodology involves the analysis of the thermal and electrical behaviour of a standard photovoltaic facade. In our case, it comprises bifacial PV modules, a ventilated air gap and a multilayer wall. The principle is to identify the properties limiting that facade to static functionalities. From this step, biological mechanisms related to the identified properties, and that can overcome the limitations are explored. Afterwards, smart materials enabling to implement the bioinspired strategies are selected. Finally, the outline of the new concept is developed with the principles involved. The solution is validated through experimental studies on the samples of the selected materials and on a reduced-scale prototype of the facade. Numerical feasibility studies and energy performance analysis at the building scale are also carried out.The developed solution consists in the application of thermosensitive and reflective bilayer components on the wall behind the PV modules. Those components are thin rectangular slats applied opposite to the PV cells. When the temperature rises, they gradually bend. Their cyclic deformation allows the adjustment of the facade functionalities according to three principles. First, in summer, the PV facade is cooled by shading the wall and dissipating heat through the increased thermal surface exchange in the air gap. Second, in winter, solar thermal energy is harvested by closing the air gap or recovering preheated air. Finally, the bilayers enhance the PV power output because of their high reflection of the irradiance to the backside of the bifacial PV modules. The experimental and numerical studies have validated the potential of the design to improve building energy efficiency, especially for increasing yearly electricity production and thermal performance in summer
Beaumont, Bernard. "Conversion photovoltaïque solaire multispectrale : propriétés des cellules (Ga, In)As épitaxiées sur InP." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4144.
Full textIzzo, Pascal. "Etude d'un circuit électronique et algorithmique destiné à la gestion de systèmes autonomes de production d'énergie photovoltai͏̈que." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20150.
Full textCarle, Frederick. "Analyse des performances d'un système de concentrateurs photovoltaïques prototypes en utilisant deux sites de tests différents." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31644.
Full textBressan, Michaël. "Développement d'un outil de supervision et de contrôle pour une installation solaire photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068025.
Full textTaillant, Pierre. "L' analyse évolutionniste des innovations technologiques : l'exemple des énergies solaire photovoltaïque et éolienne." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10066.
Full textRobin, Yoann. "Croissance et physique de structures photovoltaïques CuInSe2." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20219/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the design of thin film CuInSe2 solar cells. Different growth techniques have been used to elaborate the layers involved in this photovoltaic stack. Thus, the absorber CuInSe2 has been deposited by coevaporation under vacuum (PVD) onto a molybdenum coated glass substrate. A scattered light monitoring system (SLS) has been designed in order to follow in situ the copper poor/rich phases transitions. It has led to the growth of CuInSe2 layers made of large crystalline grains with both high optical and electrical properties. The CdS buffer layer has been elaborated by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and its thickness has been tuned by an original process involving a conduction heated holder. Finally, the ZnO window layer has been grown by various techniques such as electrodeposition (ED) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Structural, optical and electrical properties of all these thin films have been studied and correlated with the photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells elaborated
Monestier, Florent. "Amélioration de l'absorption photonique dans les cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321670.
Full textPuis nous avons relié les propriétés optiques des cellules organiques à leurs propriétés électriques en calculant les densités de courant de court circuit. La validation de nos modélisations a ensuite été réalisée par comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux sur des cellules composées d'hétérojonctions bicouches ou de volume et pour différents couples donneur-accepteur (P3HT:PCBM, CuPc/C60 ou pentacène:pérylène). Dans la dernière partie de ce travail nous avons abordé l'étude de l'exaltation locale du champ électromagnétique via des effets de plasmons de surface. Pour cela, nous avons modélisé, réalisé et caractérisé des empilements de couches organiques, contenant des nanoparticules métalliques (or et argent), dans le but d'exalter localement le champ électromagnétique.
Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane, and Mohamed Ansoumane Camara. "Modélisation du stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673218.
Full textMichel, Thomas. "Développement de procédés d'implantation ionique par immersion plasma pour le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4307.
Full textIon implantation is a major process technology for manufacturing integrated circuits. However, silicon doping by ion implantation for photovoltaics is a relatively recent application, and its growth still faces high costs of integration into solar cell production lines. Plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) promises to meet the future industry requirements in terms of costs and productivity.This thesis work has led to the development of processes dedicated to silicon-based solar cell manufacturing using the plasma-immersion ion implanter – PULSION® – designed by IBS. First, we show that PIII enables the realization of various doping profiles for phosphorus-doped emitters which fit the requirements of high-efficiency solar cells. Emitters thus fabricated are chemically, physically and electrically characterized to demonstrate their excellent quality. Those emitters, implanted through plasma immersion and integrated into a low cost solar cell manufacturing line from INES on monocrystalline silicon, enable to raise the conversion efficiency, obtained with conventional POCl3-diffused solar cells, by more than 0.5% absolute to reach efficiencies above 19.3%.Fabrication of p-type boron implanted emitters is also studied in order to improve conversion efficiencies of p-type silicon based solar cells, but also in order to anticipate the technological shift from p-type to n-type silicon material. Thanks to this thesis work, the strength and potential of PIII for photovoltaic applications have been proven and this has convinced IBS to design a PULSION® equipment dedicated to solar cell manufacturing
Dambreville, Romain. "Prévision du rayonnement solaire global par télédétection pour la gestion de la production d’énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT078/document.
Full textTo handle the integration of intermittent energies to the existing grid,managers require more and more acurate tools to forecast the primary resources. This thesisfocuses on the very short term forecast of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI), maininput for most photovoltaic power plant. We chose to use both ground based images fromhemispherical cameras and satellite images to provide a forecating tool. In the first handwe present a novel appraoch to estimate the GHI using ground based images. On secondhand, we propose several satellite based methods to forecast the GHI up to one hour. Finally,we developp a new method allowing us to merge both data in order to benefit from theirrespective advantages. All the methods were tested against real data acquired on the SIRTAsite, Polytechnique campus
Collin, Louis-Michel. "Caractérisation thermique de modules de refroidissement pour la photovoltaïque concentrée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6167.
Full textMirloup, Antoine. "Ingénierie moléculaire de nouveaux composants photoactifs pour le photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF035/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, boron complexes and π-stacking mediator planar moieties have been synthetized for photovoltaic applications. Thanks to the use of triazatruxene units on β-pyrrolic positions of a BODIPY core, the solar cells photoconversion efficiency has been increased. The BOPHY moiety, a di-nuclear boron complex, has been functionalized and optoelectronically studied. The first example of the use of BOPHY in organic solar cells has been performed. Two families of BODIPYs have also been prepared to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. A new record of photoconversion efficiency for BODIPY based solar cells has been reached using a co-adsorption of two dyes having complementary absorptions within a unique solar cell
Trolliet, Mélodie. "Développement d’une méthodologie pour l’évaluation de l’incidence des variabilités interannuelles et de plus long-terme de la ressource solaire sur l’analyse de risque financier d’un projet de centrale solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM040.
Full textThis PhD thesis proposes to contribute to the characterization of long-term variations in irradiance, in a context of financial risk analysis of large solar photovoltaic power plants. The use of statistical indicators (e.g. P90) and the hypothesis of temporal stationarity of the irradiance has been questioned. This led to a fine characterization of the long-term variations of the irradiance thanks to a time-frequency decomposition tool developed during this thesis. We distinguished three classes of variability: intra-annual variability, annual to decadal variability, and multi-decadal variability. For the first class, the use of four years of historical data is sufficient to correctly take into account all the variations in irradiance. For the second class, the use of 30 years of historical data is recommended. For multi-decadal variability, the use of more than 30 years of data is encouraged. The three classes of variability have been analyzed for various types of databases: long-term measurements from the GEBA network, CLARA-A2 satellite data, MERRA-2 re-analysis data, and data from the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model. A great diversity of variability structures according to the database considered was observed
Celindano, Christophe. "Croissance et propriétés de pérovskites de type LnVO₃ en couches minces pour le solaire photovoltaïque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0220.
Full textThese thesis works deal with the study of the orthovadanate compounds LaₓVᵧO₃ then more generally on LnVO₃ thin films (where Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm) which seem promising for solar photovoltaic. After a research of the ideal synthesis parameters, the systems were synthesized under the form of thin films by magnetron sputtering of vanadium and lanthanide in a reactive gas mixture (Ar + O₂) followed by an ex-situ annealing in a reducing gas mixture (Ar + H₂). The first part of this thesis is focused on the study of lanthanum orthovanadates LaₓVᵧO₃ for which the lanthanum over vanadium atomic ratio (La/V) is different from the stoichiometric mixture. The morphological, structural, optical and electronic properties of the samples were studied and mainly, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of a growth window of the La / V ratio making it possible to obtain only the LaVO₃ perovskite without other parasitic phases such as lanthanum or vanadium oxides. The second part of the work relates to the development and the study of lanthanide orthovanadates LnVO₃ (where Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm). Differences in structural, electronic and optical properties have been observed and in the different cases, these dissimilarities have been linked to the modification of the rare earth ionic radius within the perovskite structure. For the LnVO₃ films, electrical measurements under solar simulator made it possible to demonstrate a photoconductive nature of the synthesized samples
Chroufa, Mohamed. "Étude et caractérisation du comportement thermomécanique de récepteur d'un système photovoltaïque concentré." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/117.
Full textLegros, Mathilde. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polythiophènes porteurs de groupes C60 pour une application solaire photovoltaïque organique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664997.
Full textNepveu, François. "Production décentralisée d’électricité et de chaleur par système Parabole/Stirling : application au système EURODISH." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1268.
Full textSince July 2004, a 10 kW el Dish/Stirling unit is in operation at the PROMES laboratory in Odeillo in France. This system is one of the several country reference units of the EnviroDish project. In the area of this project, the objective of this doctorate is to evaluate the technico-economical potential of this micro-concentrated solar plant. In a first time, after an introduction on the development potential of the concentrated solar plant, a state of art concerning Dish/Stirling systems is achieved. In a second time, the EURODISH system operation is described and the instantaneous, daily and monthly performances and operation experiences of this system are presented on a period from July 2004 to February 2008. In one hand, the solar to electricity efficiency has reached instantaneous and monthly record values for a EURODISH unit of 23. 6 % and 22 % respectively. But in the other hand, the system reliability is too low and 963 breakdowns have been noticed. The next chapter presents a global thermal model of the energy conversion of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit, from solar energy to electricity provided to the grid. In addition to study problem linked to the modelling of the parabolic concentrator, solar receiver and Stirling engine, the objective is to develop a tool to evaluate the optical and thermal losses of the system components, to identify the key parameters of the design and to study their influences on the performances of the components according to various operation conditions. The parabolic concentrator behaviour is simulated using the ray-tracing code SOLTRACE. The comparison between simulation results and experimental measurements made in July 2006 by a PROMES/DLR team shows a good agreement and that SOLTRACE is a good code to simulate a parabolic concentrator. Then, a nodal method is used to calculate the heat losses by reflection, thermal radiation, convection out of the cavity and conduction through the ceramic walls. The absorber is divided in 8 control-volumes in order to take into account the inhomogeneous solar flux distribution. Compared to experimental measurements, simulations give results with a good agreement in particular for the absorber temperatures. To complete the global model, a nodal analysis of the Solo V161 Stirling engine is performed using some assumptions to simplify mass equation and energy equation written for each control-volume. A comparison of the model results with experimental measurements of the power input and output of the EURODISH unit shows that the differences are dues to Stirling engine model. A difference of 6 % is calculated for the Stirling cycle efficiency. The last chapter is dedicated to the technico-economical study of a Dish/Stirling based cogeneration system electricity/domestic hot water. In a first time, a dynamic model of the conversion from solar energy to electricity and heat of the EURODISH Dish/Stirling unit coupled to a solar domestic hot water system is built using results of the last chapter and a classical nodal analysis. Then, the hourly Direct Normal Insolation are calculated from DNI measurements data over a period upper than 5 year in two locations in France (Vignola, Corsica island and Odeillo, Pyrenees). Simulations are performed for a domestic hot water supply of 15 rooms corresponding to the consumption of a “summer” hotel in Vignola, a “winter” hotel in Odeillo and a “classical” hotel in both cases. Simulations show that the recovery of the thermal energy evacuated by the Stirling engine could improve performances of the EURODISH dish/Stirling unit. Levelised Electricity Cost reaches 25 c€. KWh -1 under some assumptions and a EURODISH unit based cogeneration system could be a very good investment without economical risk
Kamkar, Paradis. "Le photovoltaïque, une « innovation verte » à l'épreuve du droit : analyse synthétique et critique du cadre juridique photovoltaïque visant le particulier à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0018.
Full textFacing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis
Bernier, Ouellet Julien. "Conception, fabrication et validation d'un banc d'essais pour la caractérisation de cellules photovoltaïques sur une large plage de température." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9800.
Full textDu, Fayet de la Tour Arnaud. "Analyse économique de l’industrie photovoltaïque : mondialisation, dynamique des coûts, et politiques publiques." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0065/document.
Full textIn the last decade, the photovoltaic market was multiplied by 10, module price was reduced by 60%, and China increased its share in cell and module production from almost nothing to more than half. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the mechanisms driving these transformations. We analyse how China managed to acquire the photovoltaic technology, relying on interviews with actors of the Chinese photovoltaic industry, and data gathered on patents related to the photovoltaic technology. We show that intellectual property rights did not play a significant role, Chinese firms getting access to the technology by buying manufacturing equipment from industrialised countries, and from labour mobility. The cost decrease is analysed with experience curves models, allowing us to forecast a further cost decrease of two thirds by 2020, provided that the market follows the high predicted expansion. It gives some insight regarding when photovoltaic technology will become competitive. An important attention is dedicated to feed-in tariffs which largely participated in driving the demand so far. Their influence on the photovoltaic market, and their ability to adapt to module price volatility to avoid too attractive profits, is analysed using weekly data. A theoretical model analysing the influence of firms' strategies on the incentive effect of feed-in tariffs allows us to give further recommendations concerning an optimal feed-in tariff scheme
Alhamed, Mounir. "Utilisation des conducteurs transparents SnO2 et In2O3 dopé Sn dans la conversion de l'énergie solaire." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20246.
Full textVilela, Mauro Francisco. "Energie photovoltaïque solaire multispectrale : épitaxie de cellule GaAs de haute performance et de diode tunnel GaAs." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0011.
Full textFath, Allah Amir. "Regroupement de techniques de caractérisation de matériaux destinés à l’énergie solaire pour optimisation et mesures industrielles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112139/document.
Full textIn the field of materials used as absorbers in solar energy conversion devices there are two major sectors: bulk materials in which dominates the crystalline silicon (c-Si) and thin film materials. These latters have many advantages over crystalline materials. One of these advantages is that the technologies used are less energy demanding which ensure a relatively quick payback. Furthermore, they can be deposited over large areas. Some thin films to be mentioned are the hydrogenated amorphous silicon, CIGS alloys or compounds such as CdTe. New materials have also emerged as organic blends or perovskites. However, they have the disadvantage to lead to devices with lower conversion efficiency than c-Si. This is why researches are ongoing to improve the transport properties of these materials to optimize the conversion efficiencies of the associated devices. These researches pass through a characterization of the transport properties in connection with manufacturing parameters.In GeePs laboratory the "thin film semiconductor" team has developed many characterization techniques for these thin films. Among these techniques, mainly based on their photoconductive properties, one finds conductivity and photoconductivity measurements that provide also access to the activation energy and the mobility-life time product of the majority carriers. There is also the modulated photocurrent technique that gives access to the density of states in the band gap or even a laser interferometry technique (SSPG for steady state photocarrier grating), which gives an estimate of the mobility-life time product of minority carriers. The light generations used (DC, modulated, interference) varying from one technique to another, all these techniques were previously performed on different benches, some enabling temperature dependent measurements under vacuum, other making measurements under atmospheric pressure at room temperature.During this thesis we gathered all these techniques on the same measurement bench and all the characterizations can now be done under vacuum and depending on temperature for different "shapes" of light generation. This ensures that the samples are measured under the same conditions and that all the parameters obtained well relate to the same given state of the studied film. This is particularly essential for organic materials or perovskites whose quality can be deteriorated by long term exposure to ambient air. This new bench required mechanical (construction of a new cryostat, realization of an automatic interference system with variable grating period), technical (use of an electro-optic modulator to produce the desired light generation) and software (control of the entire system, automatic measurement) developments.We first present the theoretical developments of each technique to clarify which parameter(s) can be deduced and its measurement conditions. Then, in a second part we present the technical developments we have made to ensure good measurement conditions. Finally, we present the characterizations performed and the experimental results we obtained on different types of thin films. A material was particularly used to validate the new measurements, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, but we also studied materials such as perovskites, P3HT:PCBM (organic) or Sb₂S₃
Vallance, Loïc. "Synergie des mesures pyranométriques et des images hémisphériques in-situ avec des images satellites météorologiques pour la prévision photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM064/document.
Full textThe exploitation of solar energy raises challenges related to the variable nature of the resources involved: the incident solar irradiance. Its intermittent behavior is an is- sue for photovoltaic power plants and grid management. One of the solutions that have been widely considered is the forecast of photovoltaic production at different time horizon.The aim of this thesis is to explore new ways for improving the existing solar irradiance forecasts, for horizons ranging from the present moment to few hours, by exploiting possible synergies between pyranometric measurements, hemispherical images of the sky taken from the ground and images acquired by geostationary meteorological satellites. These two types of images have completely different spatial coverage, spatio-temporal resolutions and are taken from two different locations.The proposed approach in this thesis exploits this difference in points of view in order to geolocate the clouds in 3D by stereoscopy, which shadows’ location and motion can then be estimated and forecasted. A geometric simulator of the method has been developed to identify some of the advantages and limitations of this approach. The geolocation of clouds applied to real data made it possible to develop promising estimates and forecasts of incident solar irradiance. Finally, to complete the usual analysis of forecasting performances, two new metrics have been proposed in order to quantify two essential notions: the ability to monitor the ramps and the temporal alignment of the forecast with the measurements
Pasquet, Nicolas. "Pour une compréhension complexe des processus de bifurcation technologique : le temps-devenir : le cas de l'énergie solaire photovoltaïque." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0946.
Full textNourdine, Ali. "Matériaux polymères pour cellule solaire photovoltaïque organique : vers un nouveau procédé de mise en forme par extrusion de multicouches." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0114.
Full textThe performance of organic photovoltaic solar cells depends on the active layer morphology and the arrangement of the donor and acceptor. Increasing the amount of donor/acceptor interface and reducing the size of the domains optimize the photovoltaic efficiencies. A new approach could consist in using nano-multilayers of donor and acc¬¬¬eptor polymers by forced assembly. The work presented in this thesis is part of a broader project, which consists in developing a new solvent-free process for production of nano-multilayers organic solar cells alternating donor and acceptor layers. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to select, synthesize and study photoactive and extrudable donor and acceptor polymers. Poly(3-octylthiophene) was chosen as the donor polymer and polystyrene grafted by an various percentage of fullerene C60 as the acceptor polymer. This work was realised at the National Institute of Solar Energy (INES), and was organized in three steps. The first part focused on synthesis and characterization of various acceptor polymers with different percentages of C60. Both physicochemical and photovoltaic properties (electron mobility, tests in solar cells) were characterized. Finally, the rheological behaviour and characteristic temperatures were studied to confirm their plausible processability by extrusion
Mesguich, Frederic. "Stratégie innovante pour la mise en forme de nanostructures TiO2/Au à propriétés synergétiques pour le photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978847.
Full textNotton, Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes de production autonome d'énergie utilisant la conversion photovoltaique." Corte, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CORT3005.
Full textPoize, Guillaume. "Élaboration et caractérisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides à base de nanoparticules de ZnO : vers un contrôle de la nanostructuration p-n de la couche photovoltaïque." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22104.pdf.
Full textFirst, nanoparticles with different shape were simply mixed with the polymer poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in order to realize an interpenetrating hybrid p-n network. Second, P3HT was replaced by a shell of organic semiconductor created by grafting an organic molecule to the surface of the ZnO nanorods. Studies of the photovoltaic properties of the ZnO-P3HT system have shown that the morphology of the photoactive layer is very sensitive to the methanol concentration initially present during the ZnO synthesis. The highest device efficiency of 0. 8% was obtained using nanodots with 4 mm of diameter in air with external quantum efficiency around 48% at the maximum of absorption of P3HT. Detailed analyses have shown that using ZnO nanorods improve the transport of electrons as well as the cristallinity of P3HT. Furthermore, we found that the device stability in air is markedly superior for devices using nanorods. Solar cells were fabricated to test the nanoscale control of the p-n junction morphology possible through the use of the coaxial p-n architecture. These nanoscale controls were obtained by creating a monolayer of grafted organic molecules directly to the surface of the ZnO nanorods and let to define the p-n interface at the level of one nanorod. Examples of these interpenetration selfassembled p-n junctions have demonstrated efficiencies of 0. 1% in air with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15%
Barth, Vincent. "Dipyrrométhènes métallés (Co,Ni,Cu) et dipyrannilidènes : de nouveaux matériaux organiques pour la conversion photovoltaïque de l'énergie solaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066405/document.
Full textToday, organic photovoltaic solar cells reach more than 10% yield, and have many advantages over conventional silicon cells (low energy and financial cost, lightweight and flexible substrates). However, many technical challenges remain. Finding new and effective absorbing molecules for photovoltaics is one of them. We first studied a new family of molecules, metallated (Co, Ni, Cu) dipyrromethene. These molecule are stable, π-conjugated and highly absorbent. Having developed a protocol synthesis and characterized these complexes, we confirmed the semiconductor behaviour of these molecules. Unfortunately, the PV results were well below our expectations. Another aspect limiting the organic photovoltaic technology comes from problems of charge injection at the anodic interface. In this work we present a family of molecules, dipyrannylidenes as anodic interfacial layer to collect holes in an organic solar cell. An AFM study has highlighted a remarkable nanostructuring prepared by a vacuum evaporation layer. Photovoltaic cells made with this interstitial layer proved very effective. Finally, experiments were performed in photoemission (SOLEIL synchrotron) to understand the functioning of this layer and the importance of its structure
El-Yahyaoui, Sara. "Photovoltaïque à concentration : optimisation de l'étage secondaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0068.
Full textConcentrating Photovoltaics (CPV) is one of the most promising ways to generate clean energy at potentially reduced costs. The main idea is to use optical elements to concentrate the solar rays on a multi-junction solar cells to take advantage of their high efficiencies. Concentrators for CPV can have very different architectures and optical elements, resulting in a wide variety of possible designs. A typical optical architecture for a CPV concentrator is formed by: a first optical element called the primary optical element (POE) which collects the direct rays of the sun, it can be either refractive or reflective. And a secondary optical element (SOE) that receives light from the primary and sends it to the cell. The main role of this element in a CPV unit is to broaden the angle of acceptance and to homogenize the irradiance distribution on the solar cell. Our research thematic deals with this kind of solar concentrators, it concerns the design, testing and optimization of two-stage CPV units, that use a Fresnel lens as POE. After a detailed bibliographic study, we carried out a comparative study of four solar concentrators dedicated to high concentration photovoltaic systems. These four concentrators are formed from the same Fresnel lens associated to four secondaries: a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), a crossed compound parabolic concentrator (CCPC), a pyramid and a cone. Four materials with different refractive indices were considered. The Fresnel lens has a diameter d = 350mm and a focal length f = 265mm. Our simulations are performed using the TracePro ray tracing software. The results showed that the pyramid was the best performing SOE. For the experimental test we designed small size prototypes, a parametric analysis was carried out to highlight the main performances of the secondary element, as it is the most critical element in the CPV unit. Experimental set ups have been realized for the indoor and outdoor measurements and characterization of the prototypes. The results show that the measured optical efficiencies and acceptance angles of the CPV units were very close to those obtained by optical simulations. The pyramid gives the best optical efficiency and the widest angle of acceptance. Electrical measurements also confirmed that the best solution for the secondary optic is the pyramid because it shows the higher electrical power and the efficiency. The optical and electrical efficiencies reach respectively 80,81% and 30.77%, these results correspond to the best efficiencies recorded in the literature
Schutz-Kuchly, Thomas. "Investigation du silicium de qualité solaire de type n pour la fabrication de cellules photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809386.
Full textDu, Fayet de la Tour Arnaud. "Analyse économique de l'industrie photovoltaïque : mondialisation, dynamique des coûts, et politiques publiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00818317.
Full textBesson, Pierre. "Compréhension des comportements électrique et optique des modules photovoltaïques à haute concentration, et développement d’outils de caractérisations adaptés." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI013/document.
Full textThe goal of this doctoral thesis is to bring answers to a better understanding of the electrical and optical behavior of CPV modules, under different operating conditions. In the first part, a study on module performance under real conditions is presented. Using an outdoor automated test bench, the sensitivity of four different CPV module technologies to most operating conditions relevant to CPV systems has been studied, namely DNI, spectrum, cell and lens temperature and clearness of the sky. In order to isolate the influence of a single operation parameter, the analysis of outdoor monitoring data from one month to two years is performed. The results show how the optical design influences the sensitivity of the electrical parameters to the mentionned operating conditions. The effect of lens temperature on cell current has been found to be maximum for the CPV module without Secondary Optical Element. Also the $V_{oc}$ thermal coefficient was found to vary between module technologies. Finally, the important variations of the fill factor for one technology underlines the need of studying non-uniformities effects on the cell performance. According to the results observed outdoors, an indoor tool was developed in order to uncorrelate outdoor parameters. A test bench that measures multi-spectral irradiance profiles, through CMOS imaging and bandpass filters in conjunction with electrical $IV$ curves, is used as a mean to visualize and characterize the effects of chromatic aberrations and nonuniform flux profiles under controllable testing conditions. The bench allows decoupling the temperatures of the Primary Optical Element and cell allowing the analyze of their respective effects on optical and electrical performance. In varying the temperature of the Primary Optical Element, the effects on electrical efficiency, focal distance, spectral sensitivity, acceptance angle, or multi-junction current matching profiles can be quantified. Calibration procedures and validation process are detailed. Finally, the developed testbench is used for analyzing the behvaior of three different CPV devices : one without Secondary Optical Element, and two with different Secondary Optical Elements. The impacts of cell position and lens temperature on the cell performance are quantified optically and electrically. The results show how these parameters modify the current density distribution of the subcells, and hence the electrical behavior of the device. They underline more specifically how spectral and spatial non-uniformities affect the cell performance for the different devices. The device without SOE shows a strong sensitivity to lens temperature and POE-cell distance, that will correspond to a decrease of energy production under real conditions of operation
Bounaas, Lotfi. "Etude et intégration de matériaux avancés pour la passivation face arrière de cellules photovoltaïques minces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4324.
Full textImproving the solar cell efficiency on thin wafers (< 200 µm) has become a must in the industry in order to reduce the module cost and enhance the photovoltaics field growth worldwide. This work addresses the issues regarding the thickness reduction of large monocrystalline p-type wafers (239 cm2 - 180 µm) by developing a back side architecture capable of increasing the efficiency while limiting the cell fabrication level of complexity. Thus back passivated and local contacts, also known as PERC-type, solar cells are investigated. Those include passivation schemes relying on the use of dielectric stacks based on silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) both coupled with silicon nitride layers (SiNx). This PhD study attempts to carry out an optimization of the passivation properties as well as of the technological steps required for a proper integration in the final cell structure (surface preparation, selective laser ablation, screen-printing metallization). The resulting optimized process led to the fabrication of solar cells displaying an 19.1% conversion efficiency by using SiO2/SiNx layers. Nevertheless it was shown evidence that the limited electrical performances can be overcome by introducing an Al2O3 layer, eventually reaching a remarkable 19.5% efficiency. This represents an absolute gain efficiency of +0.4% compared to the standard full-area Al-BSF solar cell architecture
Larkin, Dominic. "Banc d’essai pour caractérisation en conditions réelles extérieures de modules en concentration photovoltaïque." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10505.
Full textDakyo, Brayima. "Étude et réalisation de dispositifs à commande numérique pour l'alimentation d'une machine synchrone à aimants permanents par générateur photovoltaïque : stratégies de commande pour le pompage au fil du soleil." Le Havre, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEHA0003.
Full textBechu, Solène. "Etude et caractérisation de couches minces photosensibles organique-inorganique à base de titane pour la conversion de l'énergie solaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4025/document.
Full textThis work is based on the study and the processing of photosensitive titanium oxide sol gel as thin films. Theses titanium oxides are relevant due to the presence of an intermediate level in the material band gap, after photo-reduction of the Ti(IV) in Ti(III). They are potential candidates for photovoltaic application, specifically for the third solar cells generation, which aims to overlay the Schockley-Queisser theoretical limit. Previous studies were run on the bulk materials at the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, however here, the study will be focused on thin films from those oxides. First of all, spectroscopic studies (Infra-Red and Raman) are carried out to understand the polycondensation mechanism of those titanium oxides sols-gels. Then, a characterization is led by Infra-Red, Raman and XPS on thin films made from those materials. The second part of this work is relative to the changes observed in the material during the reduction of Ti(IV) in Ti(III). In order to understand it, insitu illuminations were performed and the evolutions of XPS and Infra-Red spectra were analyzed. Intermediate states were characterized, through a vectorial method, developed in order to identify and understand the changes. Finally, those sols-gels have been used to fabricate third generation solar cells, based on the architecture of organic solar cells. Current-voltage measurements were performed, by using different interfacial layers
Rauma, Kalle. "Aspects industriels de la gestion de tension et la capacité d'accueil de la génération photovoltaïque dans les réseaux basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT036/document.
Full textIn this thesis, voltage measurements provided by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are used to control an on-load tap changer located at the secondary substation. The thesis presents a practical and a straightforward method of selecting the low voltage customers whose voltage measurements are used as an input to the controller of the on-load tap changer. The developed method takes into account the load and the topology of the network. Furthermore, a simple method of creating synthetic and statistically correct load curves for networks studies is presented. The created methods have been tested by using real data of low voltage networks on a common platform in the power distribution industry leading to encouraging results; a few customers per low voltage network should be monitored in order to achieve accurate voltage measurements.This methodology is further applied to estimate the hosting capacity of photovoltaic power generation in a given low voltage network.In the first part, the evolution of the hosting capacity by using three different types of voltage control; an on-load tap changer of five and nine tap positions and voltage control through photovoltaic power generators, is studied. The study considers two different cases for placing and sizing the photovoltaic generators in a low voltage network. The results of 38 low voltage networks are provided.In the second part, the hosting capacities of 631 low voltage networks, located in a French metropolitan area, are analysed by using an on-load tap changer of five and an on-load tap changer of nine tap positions.The work has been together with Électricité Réseau Distribution France (ERDF), the major French distribution system operator. All studies presented in the thesis are based on the real operational data of the company. Moreover, all studies are implemented on a platform that is widely used in the power distribution industry.As an introductory part to low voltage networks, the thesis provides a general view about the French power system. In addition, the thesis presents a number of selected technologies considering low voltage networks that seem promising in the future
Berger, Sébastien. "Croissance de silicium monocristallin en couche mince par épitaxie en phase liquide sur couches sacrificielles pour report sur substrat faible coût pour applications photovoltai͏̈ques." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0010/these.pdf.
Full textThe work appeals to the use of sacrificial layers as support to a growth by liquid phase epitaxy to obtain sun cells. Three sorts of sacrificial layers are studied: the macro porous silicon or grids, the nanoporous silicon and the layers weakened by Ionic setting-up. The macro porous silicon allows to control the porosity and thus the fragility of the layer. Lt is easily detachable and transferable. The used substrate is recyclable. The transfer is made before the growth. A work on the material silicon to allow an electrochemical etching was led. It was necessary to define the characteristics of the grid wished to be able to realise over a growth. The transfer, followed by a growth, was realised during this work. The support orientated (100), leads to morphology of pyramidal layer. The adaptation of the parameters allows to improve the coalescence between pyramids. During this work, a phenomenon was observed: the consumption of the silicon of the growth substrate. A study was led in on supports SOI to adjust the parameters connected to the growth. To reduce the costs, it was intended to realise the epitaxy before the transfer. The layers of nanoporous silicon then appeared as the continuance of the study. The characteristics of it porous were studied to allow the detachment of the epitaxial layer. Layers obtained on substrate (100) are formed by pyramids. The coalescence of which is a function of parameters of the epitaxy. On substrate (111), the obtained layers are continuous and homogeneous and the detachment is realised. Another way consists in adapting the technique of Ionic setting-up of the SMART-CUT ® to the photovoltaic area. This embrittlement evolves with the thermal treatment of the growth. The work of epitaxy on these embrittlement allowed to obtain continuous layers