Journal articles: 'Solanaceous wild'

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Sachan, G. C., and Y. S. Rathore. "Developmental potential of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Col., Coccinellidae) on some wild solanaceous plants1." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 88, no. 1-5 (August 26, 2009): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1979.tb02531.x.

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Oyarzun, P. J., M. E. Ordoñes, G. A. Forbes, and W. E. Fry. "First Report of Phytophthora infestans A2 Mating Type in Ecuador." Plant Disease 81, no. 3 (March 1997): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.3.311c.

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The tropical highlands of Ecuador are a genetic center for several Solanaceous species, including potato. In 1995 and 1996, severe late blight epidemics occurred in wild Solanum species, e.g., Solanum brevifolium, growing in the transitional area between the highlands and the coastal tropical lowlands near the city of Quito. Sixteen isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in 1995 and 36 isolates in 1996. Of these, three from 1995 and four from 1996 were A2 mating type. Extensive and systematic sampling of commercial potato and tomato in Ecuador have failed to reveal the presence of the A2 mating type (G. A. Forbes, X. M. Escobar, C. C. Ayala, J. Revelo, M. E. Ordoñez, B. A. Fry, K. Doucet, and W. E. Fry, Phytopathology, in press.). Apparently the A2 mating type reported for the first time in Ecuador is only associated with wild Solanaceous spp. Further research is required to determine the consequences of this event for management of late blight in both potato and tomato, two important field crops in the Andean highlands.

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Fribourg, Cesar E., Adrian J. Gibbs, Ian P. Adams, Neil Boonham, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Biological and Molecular Properties of Wild potato mosaic virus Isolates from Pepino (Solanum muricatum)." Plant Disease 103, no. 7 (July 2019): 1746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-18-2164-re.

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In 1976, a virus with flexuous, filamentous virions typical of the family Potyviridae was isolated from symptomatic pepino (Solanum muricatum) plants growing in two valleys in Peru’s coastal desert region. In 2014, a virus with similar-shaped virions was isolated from asymptomatic fruits obtained from pepino plants growing in six coastal valleys and a valley in Peru’s Andean highlands. Both were identified subsequently as Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) by serology or high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The symptoms caused by two old and seven new isolates from pepino were examined in indicator plants. Infected solanaceous hosts varied considerably in their sensitivities to infection and individual isolates varied greatly in virulence. All seven new isolates caused quick death of infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense. These three species were the most sensitive to infection. The most virulent isolate was found to be BA because it killed five of eight solanaceous host species whereas CA was the least severe because it only killed N. benthamiana. Using HTS, complete genomic sequences of six isolates were obtained, with one isolate (FE) showing evidence of recombination. The distances between individual WPMV isolates in phylogenetic trees and the geographical distances between their collection sites were found to be unrelated. The individual WPMV isolates displayed nucleotide sequence identities of 80.9–99.8%, whereas the most closely related virus, Potato virus V (PVV), was around 75% identical to WPMV. WPMV, PVV, and Peru tomato virus formed clusters of similar phylogenetic diversity, and were found to be distinct but related viruses within the overall Potato virus Y lineage. WPMV infection seems widespread and of likely economic significance to pepino producers in Peru’s coastal valleys. Because it constitutes the fifth virus found infecting pepino and this crop is entirely vegetatively propagated, development of healthy pepino stock programs is advocated.

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Dietzgen, Ralf G., Nicolas E. Bejerman, Yongyu Mei, Charmaine Lim Jing Jee, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Solange M. Veras, and Elliot W. Kitajima. "Joá yellow blotch-associated virus, a new alphanucleorhabdovirus from a wild solanaceous plant in Brazil." Archives of Virology 166, no. 6 (March 28, 2021): 1615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05040-y.

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ZEIST, ANDRÉ RICARDO, JULIANO TADEU VILELA DE RESENDE, CLEVISON LUIZ GIACOBBO, CACILDA MARIA DUARTE RIOS FARIA, and DIEGO MUNHOZ DIAS. "GRAFT TAKES OF TOMATO ON OTHER SOLANACEOUS PLANTS." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 2 (June 2017): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n227rc.

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ABSTRACT This paper aimed to assess tomato grafting on different solanaceous species through two grafting methods. Scions were cut from cultivar Santa Cruz Kada seedlings. A fully randomized experimental design was carried out with treatments in a 9 x 2 factorial scheme. As rootstocks, four accessions of mini-tomatoes (0224-53, RVTC 57, RVTC 20 and 6889-50 - Solanum lycopersicum L); two species of wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites var hirsutum ‘PI-127826’ and Solanum pennellii ‘LA716’); other two tomato species [Solanum, cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum) and physalis (Physalis peruviana)] and a control with cultivar Santa Cruz Kada (auto-graft) rootstocks were used. In addition, two grafting methods were evaluated full cleft and approach graft. Fifteen days after grafting, plants were assessed for graft-take percentage; root length; plant height; leaf number; foliar area; root, stem and leaf dry matter; and ratio between shoot and root dry matter. Based on the results, we may state rootstock and grafting interaction had effect on both graft -take rate and plant development. Overall, the studied plants should be recommended as rootstock, except for 6889-50 mini-tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) and S. pennellii. Full cleft grafting was most suitable for cocona and physalis, while the approach method showed better results for the mini-tomato accessions 0224-53, RVTC 57 and RVTC 20, as well as for S. habrochaites.

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Kobayashi, Kappei, and Thomas Hohn. "The Avirulence Domain of Cauliflower mosaic virus Transactivator/Viroplasmin Is a Determinant of Viral Virulence in Susceptible Hosts." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 5 (May 2004): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.5.475.

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Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) transactivator/viroplasmin (Tav) is a multifunctional protein essential for basic replication of CaMV. It also plays a role in viral pathogenesis in crucifer and solanaceous host plants. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that N- and C-terminal parts of Tav are not essential for CaMV replication in transfected protoplasts. Two deletion mutants having only minimal defects in basic replication were infectious in turnips but only with highly attenuated virulence. This was shown to be due to delayed virus spread within the inoculated leaves and to the upper leaves. Unlike the wild-type virus, the mutant viruses successfully spread locally without inducing a host defense response in inoculated Datura stramonium leaves, but did not spread systemically. These results provide the first evidence that a Tav domain required for avirulence function in solanaceous plants is not essential for CaMV infectivity but has a role in viral virulence in susceptible hosts.

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TAYLOR, GARY S., and DEBORAH S. KENT. "Potential economic pests of solanaceous crops: a new species of Solanum-feeding psyllid from Australia and first record from New Zealand of Acizzia solanicola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." Zootaxa 3613, no. 3 (February 11, 2013): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.3.4.

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Acizzia credoensis sp. n. is described from a single population on the native plant, Solanum lasiophyllum, from semi-arid Western Australia. The host range of Acizzia solanicola Kent & Taylor, initially recorded as damaging eggplant, S. mel-ongena, in commercial crops and gardens and on wild tobacco bush, S. mauritianum in eastern Australia, is expanded to include the following Solanaceae: rock nightshade, S. petrophilum, cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana, and an undeter-mined species of angel’s trumpet Brugmansia and Datura. New Zealand specimens of A. solanicola collected in early 2012 from S. mauritianum are the first record for this species from outside Australia, and possibly represent a very recent incursion. The potential for the solanaceous-inhabiting Psyllidae to vector Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, an ec-onomically important plant pathogen, on native Australian Solanaceae is discussed. The occurrence of A. credoensis and A. solanicola on native Australian Solanum supports the Australian origin for the solanaceous-inhabiting Acizzia psyllids.

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Arnó, Judit, Rosa Gabarra, Paula Molina, Kristine E. Godfrey, and Frank G. Zalom. "Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Success on Common Solanaceous Species from California Tomato Production Areas." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 6 (October 9, 2019): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz109.

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Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato that has invaded many regions of the world. To date, it has not been detected in North America, but the pest reached Costa Rica in 2014 and seriously threatens the southern, southwestern, and western United States including California. Although the primary host of T. absoluta is tomato, several other species of Solanaceae may serve as alternative hosts. In our study, we aimed to assess the potential risk that other solanaceous crops and wild species that are often present in and around California tomato fields could serve as hosts. To accomplish this, we conducted greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine whether two common cultivars of fresh market tomato, two common cultivars of tomatillo, and the wild plants, Solanum nigrum L., Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner), and Datura stramonium L., are suitable hosts for reproduction and development of the pest. According to our results, D. stramonium and tomatillo were unable to sustain T. absoluta larval development in either greenhouse studies or laboratory studies, and therefore, they are not likely to contribute to T. absoluta establishment during an invasion. On the contrary, the two other solanaceous weeds, S. nigrum and S. sarrachoides, share a similar potential as tomato to be reproductive and developmental hosts of T. absoluta, and might play an important role in the establishment of the pest in California.

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Xu, Shuqing, Thomas Brockmöller, Aura Navarro-Quezada, Heiner Kuhl, Klaus Gase, Zhihao Ling, Wenwu Zhou, et al. "Wild tobacco genomes reveal the evolution of nicotine biosynthesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (May 23, 2017): 6133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700073114.

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Nicotine, the signature alkaloid of Nicotiana species responsible for the addictive properties of human tobacco smoking, functions as a defensive neurotoxin against attacking herbivores. However, the evolution of the genetic features that contributed to the assembly of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. We sequenced and assembled genomes of two wild tobaccos, Nicotiana attenuata (2.5 Gb) and Nicotiana obtusifolia (1.5 Gb), two ecological models for investigating adaptive traits in nature. We show that after the Solanaceae whole-genome triplication event, a repertoire of rapidly expanding transposable elements (TEs) bloated these Nicotiana genomes, promoted expression divergences among duplicated genes, and contributed to the evolution of herbivory-induced signaling and defenses, including nicotine biosynthesis. The biosynthetic machinery that allows for nicotine synthesis in the roots evolved from the stepwise duplications of two ancient primary metabolic pathways: the polyamine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pathways. In contrast to the duplication of the polyamine pathway that is shared among several solanaceous genera producing polyamine-derived tropane alkaloids, we found that lineage-specific duplications within the NAD pathway and the evolution of root-specific expression of the duplicated Solanaceae-specific ethylene response factor that activates the expression of all nicotine biosynthetic genes resulted in the innovative and efficient production of nicotine in the genus Nicotiana. Transcription factor binding motifs derived from TEs may have contributed to the coexpression of nicotine biosynthetic pathway genes and coordinated the metabolic flux. Together, these results provide evidence that TEs and gene duplications facilitated the emergence of a key metabolic innovation relevant to plant fitness.

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Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., A. M. Vargas, R. P. Naegele, D. M. Francis, and M. K. Hausbeck. "Resistance to Crown and Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora capsici in a Tomato Advanced Backcross of Solanum habrochaites and Solanum lycopersicum." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-15-0888-re.

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Phytophthora capsici causes devastating disease on many vegetable crops, including tomato and other solanaceous species. Solanum habrochaites accession LA407, a wild relative of cultivated tomato, has shown complete resistance to four P. capsici isolates from Michigan cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops in a previous study. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate 62 lines of a tomato inbred backcross population between LA407 and the cultivated tomato ‘Hunt 100’ and ‘Peto 95-43’ for resistance to two highly virulent P. capsici isolates. Roots of 6-week-old seedlings were inoculated with each of two P. capsici isolates and maintained in the greenhouse. Plants were evaluated for wilting and plant death three times per week for 5 weeks. Significant differences were observed in disease response among the inbred tomato lines. Most lines evaluated were susceptible to P. capsici isolate 12889 but resistant to isolate OP97; 24 tomato lines were resistant to both isolates. Heritability of Phytophthora root rot resistance was high in this population. Polymorphic molecular markers located in genes related to resistance and defense responses were identified and added to a genetic map previously generated for the population. Resistant lines and polymorphic markers identified in this study are a valuable resource for development of tomato varieties resistant to P. capsici.

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Garry, G., G. A. Forbes, A. Salas, M. Santa Cruz, W. G. Perez, and R. J. Nelson. "Genetic diversity and host differentiation among isolates of Phytophthora infestans from cultivated potato and wild solanaceous hosts in Peru." Plant Pathology 54, no. 6 (December 2005): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01250.x.

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Mayo-Hernández, Juan, Enrique Ramírez-Chávez, Jorge Molina-Torres, María de Lourdes Guillén-Cisneros, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Francisco Hernández-Castillo, Alberto Flores-Olivas, and José Humberto Valenzuela-Soto. "Effects of Bactericera cockerelli Herbivory on Volatile Emissions of Three Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum." Plants 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8110509.

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Domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops have presented an increased susceptibility to pests under field and greenhouse conditions. Among these pests is tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae), a major pest in solanaceous crops. In this study, we evaluated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the headspace in three healthy varieties of tomato plants (Floradade, Micro-Tom and wild) under greenhouse conditions using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS). Later, independent bioassays were performed to evaluate VOC emissions with three varieties infested with nymphs of B. cockerelli. The results in healthy plants showed markedly different VOC profiles in each variety (14 compounds for wild, 17 for Floradade and 4 for Micro-Tom). Plants infested with nymphs showed changes in VOC emissions distinctly in Floradade and wild varieties. We suggest that these qualitative differences in VOC profiles by the degree of domestication could explain the preferences of B. cockerelli.

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Singha, H. Reshmi, Bipul Das Chowdhury, Sangram Sinha, and Rabindra Kumar Sinha. "Karyotype analysis of Solanum torvum Sw. - an ethnobotanical Solanaceous species of Tripura, North East India." Plant Science Today 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.4.421.

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Solanum torvum Sw. is a wild Solanaceous plant species, commonly used by the indigenous people of Tripura. Cytological study of the species was carried out to determine the somatic chromosome number and to construct the karyotype formula. The detailed karyomorphological analysis revealed 2n=24 somatic chromosomes having haploid number n=12. The size of chromosomal complement was found to range from 2.14±0.21 to 4.02±0.26 µm with a pair of chromosomes bearing secondary constrictions. Strictly median primary constriction was recorded in two pairs of chromosomes. In general, karyotype formula was found to be A2B4C18. The detailed karyotype analysis revealed that chromosomes are generally small in size and fall under the Stebbins category of “2A” indicating symmetrical nature of the karyotype. The present study could be utilised in understanding the cytogenetic nature of the species and for future crop improvement programme.

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Quirin, Edmund A., Harpartap Mann, Rachel S. Meyer, Alessandra Traini, Maria Luisa Chiusano, Amy Litt, and James M. Bradeen. "Evolutionary Meta-Analysis of Solanaceous Resistance Gene and Solanum Resistance Gene Analog Sequences and a Practical Framework for Cross-Species Comparisons." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 5 (May 2012): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-11-0318-r.

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Cross-species comparative genomics approaches have been employed to map and clone many important disease resistance (R) genes from Solanum species—especially wild relatives of potato and tomato. These efforts will increase with the recent release of potato genome sequence and the impending release of tomato genome sequence. Most R genes belong to the prominent nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class and conserved NBS-LRR protein motifs enable survey of the R gene space of a plant genome by generation of resistance gene analogs (RGA), polymerase chain reaction fragments derived from R genes. We generated a collection of 97 RGA from the disease-resistant wild potato S. bulbocastanum, complementing smaller collections from other Solanum species. To further comparative genomics approaches, we combined all known Solanum RGA and cloned solanaceous NBS-LRR gene sequences, nearly 800 sequences in total, into a single meta-analysis. We defined R gene diversity bins that reflect both evolutionary relationships and DNA cross-hybridization results. The resulting framework is amendable and expandable, providing the research community with a common vocabulary for present and future study of R gene lineages. Through a series of sequence and hybridization experiments, we demonstrate that all tested R gene lineages are of ancient origin, are shared between Solanum species, and can be successfully accessed via comparative genomics approaches.

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Duarte, Mércia Elias, Renata Santos De Mendonça, and Denise Navia. "Eriophyoid mites (Acariformes) from wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants from Brazil⁠—new taxa, supplementary descriptions, a first report and new host plants of the tomato russet mite." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1215–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.7.6.

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The results of a survey of Eriophyoidea mites on wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants in Central Brazil are presented. Five new taxa associated with plants in the genus Solanum are described and illustrated. They include one new genus with type species belonging to Phyllocoptinae, Calacarini - Viginticus lupusmalum gen. nov. & sp. nov.; two new species in the Eriophyinae, Aceriini - Aceria solani sp. nov. and Paraphytoptus tuberacutus sp. nov., all of them associated with Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.; and one new species in the Phyllocoptinae, Athocoptini - Aculus michereffi sp. nov., associated with Solanum acanthodes Hook.. New host plants for the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon 1917), are reported. In addition, the first record of Calacarus speciosissimum Flechtmann, 1999 for Brazil and from Capsicum as host plants, and the first record of Rhynacus lippius Duarte, Chetverikov & Navia, 2016, on solanaceous plants are presented; supplementary descriptions of these species were elaborated. Diagnostic traits for Calacarus mites collected on Solanaceae plants around the world are summarized.

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Patrocínio, N. G. R. B., P. C. Ceresini, L. I. S. Gomes, M. L. V. Resende, E. S. G. Mizubuti, and K. P. Gramacho. "Population structure and migration of the witches’ broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa from cacao and cultivated and wild solanaceous hosts in southeastern Brazil." Plant Pathology 66, no. 6 (December 26, 2016): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12636.

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Ordoñez, M. E., H. R. Hohl, J. A. Velasco, M. P. Ramon, P. J. Oyarzun, C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, G. A. Forbes, and L. J. Erselius. "A Novel Population of Phytophthora, Similar to P. infestans, Attacks Wild Solanum Species in Ecuador." Phytopathology® 90, no. 2 (February 2000): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.2.197.

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Twenty-six isolates of a Phytophthora population from two wild solanaceous species, Solanum tetrapetalum (n 11) and S. brevifolium (n = 15), were characterized morphologically, with genetic and phenotypic markers, and for pathogenicity on potato and tomato. Based on morphology, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) sequence, and pathogenicity, all isolates closely resembled P. infestans and were tentatively placed in that species. Nonetheless, this population of Phytophthora is novel. Its primary host is neither potato nor tomato, and all isolates had three restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) bands (probe RG57) and a mitochondrial DNA haplotype that have not been reported for P. infestans. All the isolates were the A2 mating type when tested with a P. infestans A1 isolate. The A2 mating type has not been found among isolates of P. infestans from potato or tomato in Ecuador. Geographical substructing of the Ecuadorian A2 population was detected. The three isolates from the village of Nono, identical to the others in all other aspects, differed by three RFLP bands; those from Nono lacked bands 10 and 16, but possessed band 19. Most of the Ecuadorian A2 isolates were nonpathogenic on potato and tomato, but a few caused very small lesions with sparse sporulation on necrotic tissue. Cluster analysis of multilocus genotypes (RFLP, mating type, and two allozymes) dissociated this A2 population from genotypes representing clonally propagated populations of P. infestans worldwide. The current hypotheses for the historical global movements of P. infestans do not satisfactorily explain the origin or possible time of introduction into Ecuador of this A2 population. Assuming the population is P. infestans, its presence in Ecuador suggests either a hitherto unreported migration of the pathogen or an indigenous population that had not previously been detected.

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Naegele, R. P., A. J. Tomlinson, and M. K. Hausbeck. "Evaluation of a Diverse, Worldwide Collection of Wild, Cultivated, and Landrace Pepper (Capsicum annuum) for Resistance to Phytophthora Fruit Rot, Genetic Diversity, and Population Structure." Phytopathology® 105, no. 1 (January 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-14-0031-r.

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Pepper is the third most important solanaceous crop in the United States and fourth most important worldwide. To identify sources of resistance for commercial breeding, 170 pepper genotypes from five continents and 45 countries were evaluated for Phytophthora fruit rot resistance using two isolates of Phytophthora capsici. Genetic diversity and population structure were assessed on a subset of 157 genotypes using 23 polymorphic simple sequence repeats. Partial resistance and isolate-specific interactions were identified in the population at both 3 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi). Plant introductions (PIs) 640833 and 566811 were the most resistant lines evaluated at 5 dpi to isolates 12889 and OP97, with mean lesion areas less than Criollo de Morelos. Genetic diversity was moderate (0.44) in the population. The program STRUCTURE inferred four genetic clusters with moderate to very great differentiation among clusters. Most lines evaluated were susceptible or moderately susceptible at 5 dpi, and no lines evaluated were completely resistant to Phytophthora fruit rot. Significant population structure was detected when pepper varieties were grouped by predefined categories of disease resistance, continent, and country of origin. Moderately resistant or resistant PIs to both isolates of P. capsici at 5 dpi were in genetic clusters one and two.

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Watanabe, K. N., M. Orrillo, S. Vega, J. P. T. Valkonen, E. Pehu, A. Hurtado, and S. D. Tanksley. "Overcoming crossing barriers between nontuber-bearing and tuber-bearing Solanum species: towards potato germplasm enhancement with a broad spectrum of solanaceous genetic resources." Genome 38, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-004.

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The first direct sexual hybrids between diploid nontuber-bearing species and diploid potato breeding lines are reported here. Three nontuberous species of Solanum, S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum, were used for sexual crosses, achieved by a combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue. Initial hybrid selection was made using an embryo spot marker, followed by the evaluation of morphological and reproductive traits. Putative hybrids were first tested for resistance to potato leaf roll virus derived from the wild species, and then were tested with molecular markers using species-specific DNA probes. Finally, the tuberization of several 2x hybrids was tested for actual potato germplasm enhancement. These hybrids are unique in terms of their potential to enhance recombination between chromosomes of wild species and those of cultivated potatoes in germplasm utilization, and to exploit the genetic nature of tuber formation. The finding that nontuber-bearing Solanum spp. can be directly crossed with tuber-bearing species also has important implications for the regulatory aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms.Key words: nontuber-bearing Solanum, potato germplasm enhancement, interspecific crosses, chromosome manipulation, inter-EBN crosses, diploid.

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Workneh, Fekede, Li Paetzold, and Charles M. Rush. "Interactions Between Solanaceous Crops and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes in Relation to Infection and Psyllid Survival on the Hosts." Plant Disease 104, no. 1 (January 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-18-2258-re.

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‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), transmitted by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), is the putative causal agent of potato zebra chip disease. The bacterial pathogen infects a wide range of solanaceous plants (both wild and cultivated species), among which are peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes. Currently there are two commonly detected, genetically distinct haplotypes of Lso (A and B) identified from potatoes in the United States. To determine whether there are interactions between Lso haplotypes and different solanaceous hosts, experiments were conducted in the greenhouse in which pepper, potato, and tomato plants were infested with psyllids carrying Lso A, B, or an A and B mix (AB) or with psyllids free of Lso. Host plants were grown in pots in cages on the greenhouse benches and infested with six psyllids per plant. In addition, eight pepper cultivars were similarly infested for deeper understanding of host–haplotype interactions. Approximately 7 weeks after infestation, adult psyllids in each cage were counted to determine the impact of Lso haplotype–host interactions on psyllid survival and plants were sampled and tested molecularly for Lso. Individual psyllids carrying haplotypes B or AB and those free of Lso copiously reproduced on all three hosts, and leaf tissue from each plant tested positive for the respective Lso except those infested with Lso-negative psyllids. However, psyllids carrying Lso A did not survive on peppers but survived and abundantly reproduced on potatoes and tomatoes. In addition, samples from peppers infested with psyllids carrying Lso A tested negative for Lso. However, peppers infested with individual psyllids carrying Lso AB tested positive for Lso A, indicating that the presence of B may be required for infection by Lso A and psyllid survival on peppers. The different pepper cultivars infested with psyllids carrying Lso A showed similar results to the haplotype–host interaction tests, suggesting that cultivar may not be a factor in Lso A–pepper host interactions. Results from these studies suggest that Lso A may affect host selection by psyllids either for nutrition or laying of eggs. Mechanisms involved in preventing psyllid reproduction on peppers, once identified, will have significant implications for potential psyllid management.

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Boyaci, Hatice Filiz, Aylin Kabas, Yesim Aysan, and Jaime Prohens. "Screening of eggplant genotypes for resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis." Plant Protection Science 57, No. 2 (March 1, 2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/105/2020-pps.

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is one of the phytopathogenic bacteria causing bacterial wilt disease and severe yield losses in tomatoes and other solanaceous vegetables. Although there are some reports on Cmm infections in eggplants (Solanum melongena), there is no information available on the resistance sources and genetic control of the resistance to Cmm in this crop. We performed a search for resistance sources to Cmm in eggplants, in a set of 46 genotypes including landraces, inbred lines and cultivars and some cultivated and wild relatives, as well as an analysis of the genetic control of the resistance. A mixture of different Cmm strains from different genomic groups was used for the screening. Plants were inoculated through the injection of 10 µL of a Cmm suspension at a concentration of 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/mL in a single point of the stem. The symptoms were recorded at nine weeks after the inoculation with a 0–4 symptoms scale. The differences were observed in the symptoms in the collection evaluated, with the disease severity index of the genotypes ranging from 0.00 to 4.00. While 31 genotypes displayed no symptoms, three cultivated eggplant genotypes were highly susceptible. Reciprocal F1 and F2 generations were obtained from the crosses between the most susceptible genotype (CT30) and a resistant one (CT49). The genetic control of the resistance adjusted well to one dominant and one recessive gene model underlying the resistance to Cmm. These results are important for selection and breeding for resistance to Cmm in eggplants.

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Rupar, Matevz, Florence Faurez, Michel Tribodet, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Agnès Delaunay, Laurent Glais, Maja Kriznik, et al. "Fluorescently Tagged Potato virus Y: A Versatile Tool for Functional Analysis of Plant-Virus Interactions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 7 (July 2015): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-14-0218-ta.

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Potato virus Y (PVY) is an economically important plant virus that infects Solanaceous crops such as tobacco and potato. To date, studies into the localization and movement of PVY in plants have been limited to detection of viral RNA or proteins ex vivo. Here, a PVY N605 isolate was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), characterized and used for in vivo tracking. In Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, PVY N605-GFP was biologically comparable to nontagged PVY N605, stable through three plant-to-plant passages and persisted for four months in infected plants. GFP was detected before symptoms and fluorescence intensity correlated with PVY RNA concentrations. PVY N605-GFP provided in vivo tracking of long-distance movement, allowing estimation of the cell-to-cell movement rate of PVY in N. tabacum cv. Xanthi (7.1 ± 1.5 cells per hour). PVY N605-GFP was adequately stable in Solanum tuberosum cvs. Désirée and NahG-Désirée and able to infect S. tuberosum cvs. Bintje and Bea, Nicotiana benthamiana, and wild potato relatives. PVY N605-GFP is therefore a powerful tool for future studies of PVY-host interactions, such as functional analysis of viral and plant genes involved in viral movement.

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Nagy, István, Anikó Stágel, Zsuzsanna Sasvári, Marion Röder, and Martin Ganal. "Development, characterization, and transferability to other Solanaceae of microsatellite markers in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Genome 50, no. 7 (July 2007): 668–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-047.

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A novel set of informative microsatellite markers for pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) is provided. Screening of approximately 168 000 genomic clones and 23 174 public database entries resulted in a total of 411 microsatellite-containing sequences that could be used for primer design and functional testing. A set of 154 microsatellite markers originated from short-insert genomic libraries and 257 markers originated from database sequences. Of those markers, 147 (61 from genomic libraries and 86 from database sequences) showed specific and scoreable amplification products and detected polymorphisms between at least 2 of the 33 lines of a test panel consisting of cultivated and wild Capsicum genotypes. These informative markers were subsequently surveyed for allelic variation and information content. The usefulness of the new markers for diversity and taxonomic studies was demonstrated by the construction of consistent phylogenetic trees based on the microsatellite polymorphisms. Conservation of a subset of microsatellite loci in pepper, tomato, and potato was proven by cross-species amplification and sequence comparisons. For several informative pepper microsatellite markers, homologous expressed sequence tag (EST) counterparts could be identified in these related species that also carry microsatellite motifs. Such orthologs can potentially be used as reference markers and common anchoring points on the genetic maps of different solanaceous species.

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Rosenzweig, N., G. Olaya, Z. K. Atallah, S. Cleere, C. Stanger, and W. R. Stevenson. "Monitoring and Tracking Changes in Sensitivity to Azoxystrobin Fungicide in Alternaria solani in Wisconsin." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0555.

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Azoxystrobin is a common fungicide used by farmers of Solanaceous crops against Alternaria solani, but there was growing concern about decreased sensitivity with repeated applications. In 2002 and 2003, monitoring of A. solani from commercial potato fields in Wisconsin indicated increased frequency and a statewide distribution of isolates with decreased in vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin. Mean effective concentration in inhibiting spore germination by 50% values gathered in 2002 and 2003 were approximately 20-fold higher than baseline isolates of A. solani collected in 1998 from fields that had never been treated with azoxystrobin. This sensitivity decrease was correlated with site-specific mutations in the cytochrome b detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The F129L and the G143A substitution have been shown to cause a reduction in sensitivity or resistance, respectively, to quinone outside inhibitors. All of the recovered A. solani isolates collected in 2002 and 2003 were wild type at position 143. However, all three mutations responsible for the F129L substitution (TTA, CTC, and TTG) were detected in our samples. In addition, the frequency of this amino acid substitution in A. solani isolates was statistically different across sampling sites and years, indicating that sensitivity changes depended on specific disease management practices.

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Magioli, Claudia, and Elisabeth Mansur. "Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): tissue culture, genetic transformation and use as an alternative model plant." Acta Botanica Brasilica 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062005000100013.

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Eggplant is an agronomically important non-tuberous solanaceous crop grown primarily for its large oval fruit. In popular medicine, eggplant is indicated for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, asthma and bronchitis. Eggplant is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests capable of causing serious crop losses. This problem has been addressed by hybridizing eggplant with wild resistant Solanum species, which present a wide genetic diversity and are source of useful agronomic traits. The application of in vitro methodologies to eggplant has resulted in considerable success. Eggplant tissues present a high morphogenetic potential that is useful for developmental studies as well as for establishing biotechnological approaches to produce improved varieties, such as embryo rescue, in vitro selection, somatic hybridization and genetic transformation. Taken together, these characteristics also make eggplant a complete model for studies on different areas of plant science, including control of gene expression and assessment of genetic stability of somaclones derived from different morphogenetic processes. In the present study, important factors that affect the efficiency of in vitro regeneration through organogenesis and embryogenesis as well as genetic transformation are analyzed. The potential of this species as a model plant for studying various aspects of plant genetics and physiology is also discussed.

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Manda, Raghavendra Reddy, Venkata Avinash Addanki, and Seweta Srivastava. "Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 1048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6o.10903.

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Cárdenas, M. E., E. Medina, J. Tabima, A. Vargas, C. Lopera, A. Bernal, and S. Restrepo. "First Report of Phytophthora infestans Causing Late Blight on Solanum viarum in Colombia." Plant Disease 95, no. 7 (July 2011): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0853.

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Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple) belongs to the section Acanthophora in the genus Solanum, which includes nearly 20 neotropical species of herbs and small shrubs (2). The species in this section are sometimes called the ‘spiny Solanums’ (2) and are adapted mainly to highly disturbed habitats and open secondary forests. The center of diversity is eastern Brazil (3). Since the early 1990s, S. viarum has been a problematic weed in Florida where it was listed as a noxious weed in 1993, followed in 1994 by its addition to the Federal Noxious Weed List of the USDA. On 17 April 2010, 12 plants of S. viarum located close to a S. betaceum crop (tree tomato) in the province of Caldas (Department of Antioquia, central northwestern Colombia) were found with symptoms similar to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans on S. tuberosum (potato). Fifteen leaves from 12 plants with blackish, water-soaked lesions showing a white sporulation on the abaxial side were collected and processed within 3 days. The leaves were placed in a humid chamber and incubated in darkness at room temperature (18°C mean temperature) until sporulation was observed. Microscopic characteristics were consistent with Phytophthora spp. Only one axenic culture was obtained by successive subcultures in rye B agar plates. After an incubation period of 8 days, plates were washed with distilled water and ovoid, semipapillate caduceus sporangia ranging from 38 to 41 μm long (average 39; N = 86) and 23 to 29 μm wide (average 26; N = 86) were observed. To fulfill Koch's postulates and test the isolate for the ability to infect potato as well as Solanum spp. associated with potato crops in Colombia, triplicate pathogenicity tests were carried out on three detached leaves of S. viarum, S. tuberosum, and S. americanum (American nightshade). A 1 × 104 sporangia/ml suspension of the Phytophthora isolate, estimated using a haemocytometer, was obtained from 8-day-old cultures grown on rye B agar. The suspension was incubated at 4°C for 2 h to induce zoospore release. The leaves were then inoculated by spraying them until runoff. After an incubation period of 5 days at 18°C in a humidity chamber, mycelia, sporangia, and brownish lesions, similar to those described above, were observed in the leaves of all three hosts, indicating pathogenicity. DNA extraction was performed from the P. infestans isolate (4). Four nuclear loci, ITS, β-tubulin, Ras, and Avr3a, as well as one mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase 1 (Cox1), were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were compared with GenBank databases using Blastn. In all cases, the best hits corresponded to P. infestans (GenBank Accession No. HQ639930 for Avr3A, HQ639931 for β-tubulin, HQ639932 for Cox1, HQ639933 for iRas, HQ639934 for Ras, and JF419363 for ITS). Reports of P. infestans causing typical late blight symptoms on wild solanaceous plants are becoming more frequent and have been made from other countries such as Peru (1). To our knowledge, this is the first time that P. infestans has been observed and isolated from S. viarum in Colombia, introducing the possibility of this wild solanaceous weed as another late blight host. References: (1) G. Garry et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 113:71, 2005. (2) R. Levin et al. Am. J. Bot. 92:603, 2005. (3) M. Nee. A Revision of Solanum Section Acanthophora. Ph.D. diss. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1979. (4) A. M. Vargas et al. Phytopathology 99:82, 2009.

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Wang, Yongzeng, Tzvi Tzfira, Victor Gaba, Vitaly Citovsky, Peter Palukaitis, and Amit Gal-On. "Functional analysis of the Cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein: pathogenicity and nuclear localization." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 3135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80250-0.

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The 2b protein encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been shown to be a silencing suppressor and pathogenicity determinant in solanaceous hosts, but a movement determinant in cucumber. In addition, synergistic interactions between CMV and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) have been described in several cucurbit species. Here, it was shown that deletion of the 2b gene from CMV prevented extensive systemic movement of the virus in zucchini squash, which could not be complemented by co-infection with ZYMV. Thus, ZYMV expressing a silencing suppressor with a different target could not complement the CMV 2b-specific movement function. Expression of the 2b protein from an attenuated ZYMV vector resulted in a synergistic response, largely restoring infection symptoms of wild-type ZYMV in several cucurbit species. Deletion or alteration of either of two nuclear localization signals (NLSs) did not affect nuclear localization in two assays, but did affect pathogenicity in several cucurbit species, whilst deletion of both NLSs led to loss of nuclear localization. The 2b protein interacted with an Arabidopsis thaliana karyopherin α protein (AtKAPα) in the yeast two-hybrid system, as did each of the two single NLS-deletion mutants. However, 2b protein containing a deletion of both NLSs was unable to interact with AtKAPα. These data suggest that the 2b protein localizes to the nucleus by using the karyopherin α-mediated system, but demonstrate that nuclear localization was insufficient for enhancement of the 2b-mediated pathogenic response in cucurbit hosts. Thus, the sequences corresponding to the two NLSs must have another role leading to pathogenicity enhancement.

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Bartetzko, Verena, Sophia Sonnewald, Florian Vogel, Kristina Hartner, Ruth Stadler, Ulrich Z. Hammes, and Frederik Börnke. "The Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Type III Effector Protein XopJ Inhibits Protein Secretion: Evidence for Interference with Cell Wall–Associated Defense Responses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 6 (June 2009): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-6-0655.

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The phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria uses the type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into cells of its Solanaceous host plants. It is generally assumed that these effectors manipulate host pathways to favor bacterial replication and survival. However, the molecular mechanisms by which type III effectors suppress host defense responses are far from being understood. Based on sequence similarity, Xanthomonas outer protein J (XopJ) is a member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family of SUMO peptidases and acetyltranferases, although its biochemical activity has not yet been demonstrated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of XopJ are targeted to the plasma membrane when expressed in plant cells, which most likely involves N-myristoylation. In contrast to a XopJ(C235A) mutant disrupted in the catalytic triad sequence, the wild-type effector GFP fusion protein was also localized in vesicle-like structures colocalizing together with a Golgi marker protein, suggesting an effect of XopJ on vesicle trafficking. To explore an effect of XopJ on protein secretion, we used a GFP-based secretion assay. When a secreted (sec)GFP marker was coexpressed with XopJ in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, GFP fluorescence was retained in reticulate structures. In contrast, in plant cells expressing secGFP alone or along with the XopJ(C235A) mutant, no GFP fluorescence accumulated within the cells. Moreover, coexpressing secGFP together with XopJ led to a reduced accumulation of secGFP within the apoplastic fluid of N. benthamiana leaves, further showing that XopJ affects protein secretion. Transgenic expression of XopJ in Arabidopsis suppressed callose deposition elicited by a T3SS-negative mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. A role of XopJ in the inhibition of cell wall–based defense responses is discussed.

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Bindal, Sumant, and Seweta Srivastava. "Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops: Sign, symptoms and management." Agrica 8, no. 2 (2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2019.00019.1.

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Kurabachew, Henok, and Getachew Ayana. "Bacterial Wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Ethiopia: StatusaAnd Management Approaches: A Review." International Journal of Phytopathology 5, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.005.03.1829.

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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating plant diseases of economically important crops mainly Solanaceous family such as tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant. These crops play a significant role primarily as sources of income and food security for the small scale farming community in Ethiopia. The occurrence of bacterial wilt disease in Ethiopia was reported in 1956 and is known to cause significant yield loss on different Solanaceous crops in different parts of the country. On the basis of conventional characterization and classification, the strains of R. solanacearum found in Ethiopia have been identified as biovar 1 and 2. Recent characterization of R. solanacearum strains based on phylotype grouping using multiplex PCR and partial endoglucanase gene sequencing identified the occurrences of phylotype II and III. The association of biovar and phylotyping schemes indicated that phylotype II comprises only biovar 2, and phylotype III comprises strains of biovar 1 and biovar 2. The importance of the disease on Solanaceous crop is increasing from time to time specially in potato producing areas of the country. Apart from Solanaceous crops, the disease has also been posing a catastrophic damage to ginger production. Latently infected ginger rhizomes and potato seed tuber and decreasing of land holdings that limit crop rotation have contributed to the wider spread of the disease. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important disease in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future considerations. Because, there is no single effective control measure against the target pathogen so far, a well-coordinated effort is required to develop an integrated disease management program that will help to minimize the damage and yield loss caused by the disease.

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Mackie, Alison E., Martin J. Barbetti, Brendan Rodoni, Simon J. McKirdy, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Effects of a Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Tomato Strain on the Symptoms, Biomass, and Yields of Classical Indicator and Currently Grown Potato and Tomato Cultivars." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-19-0312-re.

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The Chittering strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infects solanaceous crops and wild plants in the subtropical Gascoyne Horticultural District of Western Australia. Classical PSTVd indicator hosts tomato cultivar Rutgers (R) and potato cultivar Russet Burbank (RB) and currently widely grown tomato cultivars Petula (P) and Swanson (S) and potato cultivars Nadine (N) and Atlantic (A) were inoculated with this strain to study its pathogenicity, quantify fruit or tuber yield losses, and establish whether tomato strains might threaten potato production. In potato foliage, infection caused spindly stems, an upright growth habit, leaves with ruffled margins and reduced size, and upward rolling and twisting of terminal leaflets (RB, A, and N); axillary shoot proliferation (A); severe plant stunting (N and RB); and necrotic spotting of petioles and stems (RB). Tubers from infected plants were tiny (N) or small and “spindle shaped” with (A) or without (RB) cracking. Potato foliage dry weight biomass was decreased by 30 to 44% in A and RB and 37% in N, whereas tuber yield was diminished by 50 to 89% in A, 69 to 71% in RB, and 90% in N. In tomato foliage, infection caused epinasty and rugosity in apical leaves, leaf chlorosis, and plant stunting (S, P, and N); cupped leaves (S and P); and reduced leaf size, flower abortion, and necrosis of midribs, petioles, and stems (R). Mean tomato fruit size was greatly decreased in all three cultivars. Tomato foliage dry weight biomass was diminished by 40 to 53% (P), 42% (S), and 37 to 51% (R). Tomato fruit yield was decreased by 60 to 76% (P), 52% (S), and 64 to 89% (R), respectively. Thus, the tomato strain studied was highly pathogenic to classical indicator and representative current tomato and potato cultivars, causing major losses in fruit and tuber yields. Tomato PSTVd strains, therefore, pose a threat to tomato and potato industries worldwide.

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Lin, Nai-Chun, and Gregory B. Martin. "Pto- and Prf-Mediated Recognition of AvrPto and AvrPtoB Restricts the Ability of Diverse Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars to Infect Tomato." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 7 (July 2007): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-7-0806.

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The molecular basis underlying the ability of pathogens to infect certain plant species and not others is largely unknown. Pseudomonas syringae is a useful model species for investigating this phenomenon because it comprises more than 50 pathovars which have narrow host range specificities. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a host for P. syringae pv. tomato, the causative agent of bacterial speck disease, but is considered a nonhost for other P. syringae pathovars. Host resistance in tomato to bacterial speck disease is conferred by the Pto protein kinase which acts in concert with the Prf nucleotide-binding lucine-rich repeat protein to recognize P. syringae pv. tomato strains expressing the type III effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB (HopAB2). The Pto and Prf genes were isolated from the wild tomato species S. pimpinellifolium and functional alleles of both of these genes now are known to exist in many species of tomato and in other Solanaceous species. Here, we extend earlier reports that avrPto and avrPtoB genes are widely distributed among pathovars of P. syringae which are considered nonhost pathogens of tomato. This observation prompted us to examine the possibility that recognition of these type III effectors by Pto or Prf might contribute to the inability of many P. syringae pathovars to infect tomato species. We show that 10 strains from presumed nonhost P. syringae pathovars are able to grow and cause pathovar-unique disease symptoms in tomato leaves lacking Pto or Prf, although they did not reach the population levels or cause symptoms as severe as a control P. syringae pv. tomato strain. Seven of these strains were found to express avrPto or avrPtoB. The AvrPto- and AvrPtoB-expressing strains elicited disease resistance on tomato leaves expressing Pto and Prf. Thus, a gene-for-gene recognition event may contribute to host range restriction of many P. syringae pathovars on tomato species. Furthermore, we conclude that the diverse disease symptoms caused by different Pseudomonas pathogens on their normal plant hosts are due largely to the array of virulence factors expressed by each pathovar and not to specific molecular or morphological attributes of the plant host.

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Singh, Dinesh, and Amit Kumar Kesharwani. "Biological control of bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetable crops - a review." Agricultural Research Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2021.00001.6.

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Mingochi, D. S., and J. M. Clarkson. "Pathogenicity of Race-1 and Race-2 Tomato Wilt Isolates of Verticillium dabliae to Four Solanaceous and Two Non-Solanaceous Hosts." Journal of Phytopathology 141, no. 3 (July 1994): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb01465.x.

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Grube, Rebecca C., Elaine R. Radwanski, and Molly Jahn. "Comparative Genetics of Disease Resistance Within the Solanaceae." Genetics 155, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.873.

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Abstract Genomic positions of phenotypically defined disease resistance genes (R genes) and R gene homologues were analyzed in three solanaceous crop genera, Lycopersicon (tomato), Solanum (potato), and Capsicum (pepper). R genes occurred at corresponding positions in two or more genomes more frequently than expected by chance; however, in only two cases, both involving Phytophthora spp., did genes at corresponding positions have specificity for closely related pathogen taxa. In contrast, resistances to Globodera spp., potato virus Y, tobacco mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus were mapped in two or more genera and did not occur in corresponding positions. Without exception, pepper homologues of the cloned R genes Sw-5, N, Pto, Prf, and I2 were found in syntenous positions in other solanaceous genomes and in some cases also mapped to additional positions near phenotypically defined solanaceous R genes. This detailed analysis and synthesis of all available data for solanaceous R genes suggests a working hypothesis regarding the evolution of R genes. Specifically, while the taxonomic specificity of host R genes may be evolving rapidly, general functions of R alleles (e.g., initiation of resistance response) may be conserved at homologous loci in related plant genera.

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Kyaw, Htet Wai Wai, Kenichi Tsuchiya, Masaru Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Iiyama, Seint San Aye, Myo Zaw, Daisuke Kurose, Mitsuo Horita, and Naruto Furuya. "Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains causing bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in Myanmar." Journal of General Plant Pathology 83, no. 4 (May 29, 2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-017-0720-0.

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Mamphogoro, T. P., O. O. Babalola, and O. A. Aiyegoro. "Sustainable management strategies for bacterial wilt of sweet peppers ( Capsicum annuum ) and other Solanaceous crops." Journal of Applied Microbiology 129, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14653.

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Ooshiro, Atsushi, Hiroyoshi Teruya, Shinji Kawano, Shinji Nakamura, and Tomio Nakazato. "Existence of Bacterial wilt pathogen ‘Ralstonia solanacerum’ in weed rooting zone." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 54, no. 4 (2009): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.54.249.

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Rakha, Mohamed, Ahmed Namisy, Jaw-Rong Chen, Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk, Elmahdy Metwally, Naglaa Taha, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas, and Dalia Taher. "Development of Interspecific Hybrids between a Cultivated Eggplant Resistant to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Eggplant Wild Relatives for the Development of Rootstocks." Plants 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101405.

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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacerum is one of the most economically and destructive eggplant diseases in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The objectives of this study were to develop interspecific hybrids, as potential rootstocks, between the eggplant (Solanum melongena) bacterial wilt resistant line EG203 and four wild accessions (S. incanum UPV1, S. insanum UPV2, S.anguivi UPV3, and S. sisymbriifolium UPV4), and to evaluate interspecific hybrids along with parents for resistance to bacterial wilt strains Pss97 and Pss2016. EG203 was crossed successfully with wild accessions UPV2 and UPV3 and produced viable seeds that germinated when wild accessions were used as a maternal parent in the crosses. In addition, viable interspecific hybrids between EG203 and UPV1 were obtained in both directions of the hybridization, although embryo rescue had to be used. Hybridity was confirmed in the four developed interspecific hybrid combinations with three SSR markers. EG203 was resistant to both strains Pss97 and Pss2016, while UPV1 and UPV3 were, respectively, resistant and moderately resistant to Pss2016. The four interspecific hybrids with UPV2, UPV3, and UPV1 were susceptible to both bacterial wilt strains, indicating that the resistance of EG203, UPV1, and UPV3 behaves as recessive in interspecific crosses. However, given the vigor of interspecific hybrids between eggplant and the three cultivated wild species, these hybrids may be of interest as rootstocks. However, the development of interspecific hybrid rootstocks resistant to bacterial wilt will probably require the identification of new sources of dominant resistance to this pathogen in the eggplant wild relatives.

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Greenough, D. R. "Aluminum-Surfaced Mulch: An Approach to the Control of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Solanaceous Crops." Plant Disease 74, no. 10 (1990): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-74-0805.

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Sharma, Shweta, Viveka Katoch, and Devinder Kumar Banyal. "Review on harnessing biotechnological tools for the development of stable bacterial wilt resistant solanaceous vegetable crops." Scientia Horticulturae 285 (July 2021): 110158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110158.

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Smith, V. L., S. M. Douglas, and J. A. LaMondia. "First Report of Powdery Mildew of Tomato Caused by an Erysiphe sp. in Connecticut." Plant Disease 81, no. 2 (February 1997): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.229a.

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In 1995 and 1996, powdery mildew was observed on several samples of field-grown tomato foliage (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; various cultivars) submitted to the CAES Plant Disease and Information Office. Symptoms included gray superficial mycelium with abundant sporulation on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, followed in the field by dessication of the foliage and rapid defoliation. No cleistothecia were observed, and single-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal conidia occurred, usually singly, on unbranched conidiophores. Pyriform conidia occurred at a frequency of less than 1%. Conidia ranged in length from 25.6 to 43.2 μm (mean = 33.6, SE = 0.4) and in width from 13.1 to 23.1 μm (mean = 18.2, SE = 0.2; n = 500). Fibrosin bodies were not observed, and vacuoles were present. Based on conidial characteristics, the fungus was identified as an unknown Erysiphe sp. To confirm pathogenicity, 2-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Rutgers) were inoculated by shaking dry conidia onto the leaves and placed within plastic tents on a greenhouse bench. Control plants were treated identically but not inoculated. The inoculated plants developed foliar powdery mildew symptoms, and sporulation was observed. Susceptible cultivars that were naturally infected included Better Boy, Better Beef, Celebrity, Rutgers, Ultra Magnum, Ultra Sweet, Whopper, Yellow Brandywine; cherry type tomatoes Matts Wild Cherry and Sweet Chelsea; and plum type tomatoes Roma and Super San Marzano. Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dunal), eggplant (S. melongena L. ‘Black Pride’), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘C9’) were also naturally infected under greenhouse conditions. However, conidia size and number of conidia per conidiophore differed between hosts. Conidia from tobacco, eggplant, and nightshade averaged 37.8 × 19.1 μm (SE = 0.5 and 0.2, respectively) with a 95% CI of 35.5 to 40.0 × 18.1 to 20.3 μm (n = 300). Conidia from tomato were smaller, averaging 33.6 × 18.2 μm (SE = 0.3 and 0.2, respectively) with a 95% CI of 32.7 to 34.4 × 17.5 to 18.9 μm (n = 300). Factorial inoculation experiments between tomato and other hosts demonstrated cross-infectivity, but isolates originally from tobacco had significantly larger conidia when infecting tomato than isolates originally from tomato infecting tobacco. Powdery mildew isolates on tomato had fewer (P = 0.001) conidia per conidiophore (mean = 1.39, range = 1 to 4) than isolates infecting tobacco inoculated at the same time and held under the same conditions (mean = 2.54, range = 1 to 6). These results demonstrate considerable morphological variation in the powdery mildew fungus, perhaps associated with hosts such as tomato or other solanaceous plants. This is the first report of powdery mildew of tomato and tobacco in Connecticut. Powdery mildew of tomato has been reported to occur in the field in California, and in greenhouse tomatoes in New York (2). Powdery mildew of tobacco has only been reported on artificially inoculated plants in California (1). References: (1) C. R. Arredondo et al. Plant Dis. 80:1303, 1996. (2) D. M. Karasevicz and T. A. Zitter. Plant Dis. 80:709, 1996.

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Sedighian, Nasim, Marjon Krijger, Tanvi Taparia, S. Mohsen Taghavi, Emmanuel Wicker, Jan M. van der Wolf, and Ebrahim Osdaghi. "Genome Resource of Two Potato Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 (Phylotype IIB Sequevar 1) and Biovar 2T (Phylotype IIB Sequevar 25) Isolated from Lowlands in Iran." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 7 (July 2020): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-20-0026-a.

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Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt and brown rot disease, is one of the major pathogens of solanaceous crops, including potato, around the globe. Biovar 2T (phylotype II/sequevar 25) of R. solanacearum is adapted to tropical lowlands and is only reported in South America and Iran. Thus far, no genome resource of the biovar 2T of the pathogen has been available. Here, we present the near-complete genome sequences of the biovar 2T strain CFBP 8697 as well as strain CFBP 8695 belonging to biovar 2 race 3, both isolated from potato in Iran. The genomic data of biovar 2T will extend our understanding of the virulence features of R. solanacearum and pave the way for research on biovar 2T functional and interaction genetics.

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Achari, Gauri A., and Raman Ramesh. "Diversity, Biocontrol, and Plant Growth Promoting Abilities of Xylem Residing Bacteria from Solanaceous Crops." International Journal of Microbiology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/296521.

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Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) is one of the solanaceous crops of economic and cultural importance and is widely cultivated in the state of Goa, India. Eggplant cultivation is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused byRalstonia solanacearumthat colonizes the xylem tissue. In this study, 167 bacteria were isolated from the xylem of healthy eggplant, chilli, andSolanum torvumSw. by vacuum infiltration and maceration. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) grouped these xylem residing bacteria (XRB) into 38 haplotypes. Twenty-eight strains inhibited growth ofR. solanacearumand produced volatile and diffusible antagonistic compounds and plant growth promoting substancesin vitro. Antagonistic strains XB86, XB169, XB177, and XB200 recorded a biocontrol efficacy greater than 85% against BW and exhibited 12%–22 % increase in shoot length in eggplant in the greenhouse screening. 16S rRNA based identification revealed the presence of 23 different bacterial genera. XRB with high biocontrol and plant growth promoting activities were identified as strains ofStaphylococcussp.,Bacillussp.,Streptomycessp.,Enterobactersp., andAgrobacteriumsp. This study is the first report on identity of bacteria from the xylem of solanaceous crops having traits useful in cultivation of eggplant.

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Timila, Ram Devi, and Shrinkhala Manandhar. "Biovar Differentiation and Variation in Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolates Infecting Solanaceous Vegetables." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 2 (December 30, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v2i0.16117.

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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of solanaceous vegetables specially tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Experiments were conducted to determine biovar types existing among the strains or isolates of Nepal and variation in virulence in some vegetables belonging to solanaceae family. A total of 39 isolates infecting tomato, eggplant, chilli and potato collected from different parts of Nepal were analyzed for biovar types on the basis of 3 disaccharides and 3 hexose alcohols oxidation test. Experiments were conducted to determine variation in virulence or aggressiveness of some of the isolates under screen house conditions using three host differentials such as Pusa Ruby (susceptible), Bishesh (moderately resistant) and Srijana (resistant) tomato cultivars. Of the 39 isolates, 23 were biovar III, three biovar II, three biovar IV, and one was biovar I. Nine isolates could not be differentiated into any of the five biovars. For breeding and epidemiological purposes it is very important to analyze the variability of aggressiveness. A total of 5 isolates collected from different places were included in the test. Isolates from Bhaktapur was found the most virulent causing wilt in the variety Bishesh (moderately resistant). Other isolates had the negative impact with zero wilt on the differentials used. Isolates from Jungekhola of Dhading district did not induce wilt even on susceptible variety (Pusa Ruby), but exhibited only senescence reaction. The result indicated that there is some slight variation among the isolates tested. Some effective management tactics might be needed in those locations where highly aggressive or virulent strain of bacterial wilt is prevalent, because resistant variety may not be stable in such locations.

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Mohamed Doumbouya, Anderson Mohamed Yeo, Carine Aya N’Guessan, Arthur Martin Affery, and Daouda Koné. "Varietal screening of Solanaceae accessions against R. solanacearum strains, agent of bacterial wilt in Côte d’Ivoire." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.2.0384.

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Bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum is a constraint that limits the production of solanaceous in Côte d'Ivoire. The genetic control, which is more widely used, comes up against the genetic and phenotypic variability of the strains. The objective of this study was to screen commercial and traditional varieties of Solanaceae against Ivorian strains of different phylotypes to assess their spectrum of resistance to the disease. The level of virulence of the five strains of R. solanacearum was evaluated in semi-controlled conditions against eight varieties of Solanaceae (pepper, eggplant and tomato). Four groups of strains were identified according to the level of virulence. Group 4, composed of strains (RUN 1794 and RUN 1854) of phylotype III and I, respectively, and originating from the localities of Kondoukro and Yamoussoukro, was very virulent. The resistant varieties were for the F1 kalenda eggplant, for the yellow chilli from Burkina and for the F1 Lindo tomato. These varieties could be used in the fight against bacterial wilt in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Seidl Johnson, Anna C., and Amanda J. Gevens. "Investigating the Host Range of the US-22, US-23, and US-24 Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans on Solanaceous Cultivated Plants and Weeds." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0924-re.

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Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, one of the most important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide. Recently in the United States, three newly identified clonal lineages, US-22, US-23, and US-24, have become widespread. While potato and tomato are the most commonly infected solanaceous hosts for P. infestans, new lineages may have a broader or different host range. Under controlled conditions, we determined the host range of isolates representing US-22, US-23, and US-24 genotypes of P. infestans on detached tissues of cultivated solanaceous plants and solanaceous weeds common to the upper midwestern production region. None of the isolates representing the clonal lineages produced late blight symptoms or signs on foliage of selected cultivars of eggplant, pepper, tomatillo, or ground cherry in a detached leaf assay. Symptoms and signs were evident on the potato and tomato cultivars tested, although with the US-24 isolate, infection on tomato was limited. None of the isolates sporulated on the common weed black nightshade, but some sporulation and necrosis was observed with all representatives of the lineages on bittersweet nightshade and petunia. Hairy nightshade supported abundant sporulation and symptoms, and sporangial production was not significantly different than that on tomato for each of the isolates representing the three lineages, indicating the potential for this weed to be a source of inoculum and contribute substantially to late blight epidemics. Interestingly, black nightshade had the highest incidence of sporulation on berries, but the lowest on leaves, suggesting the importance of testing multiple plant organs when determining susceptibility of a species. Our results update knowledge of the host range of the ever-changing P. infestans populations and will help to improve late blight management strategies by targeting these additional hosts.

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Kyaw, Htet Wai Wai, Kenichi Tsuchiya, Masaru Matsumoto, Seint San Aye, Kazuhiro Iiyama, Daisuke Kurose, Mitsuo Horita, and Naruto Furuya. "Molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains causing bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in Myanmar by rep-PCR analysis." Journal of General Plant Pathology 85, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-018-0818-z.

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Rahman, MF, MR Islam, T. Rahman, and MB Meah. "Biochemical Characterization of Ralstonia solanacerum Causing Bacterial Wilt of Brinjal in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 21, no. 1-2 (October 31, 2013): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16744.

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Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt of solanaceous crop plants including brinjal, a most devastating disease in humid tropic. A survey was conducted on the status of bacterial wilt incidence and severity in major brinjal growing areas and to characterize the isolates of R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of brinjal in Bangladesh. The wilt incidence was recorded maximum (22.52) in Rangpur followed by Jessore (20.56) and Panchagarh (20.0) while the lowest wilt incidence was recorded in Jamalpur (6.12). On the contrary, the wilt severity was recorded highest (4.00) in Jhinaidah and the lowest (2.80) was recorded in Jamalpur followed by Jessore (2.93) at the time of survey. The isolates of R. solanacearum were obtained from different locations surveyed were arranged in seven groups based on the location. Grams staining and Potassium hydroxide solubility test revealed that all groups of R. solanacearum isolates are gram negative. The isolates of R. solanacearum fermented four basic sugars (Dextrose,sucrose, manitol and lactose). These results of all biochemical tests in combination with the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates were R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of brinjal. All groups of R. solanacearum isolates were found virulent producing pink or light red color or characteristic red center and whitish margin on TZC medium after 24 hours of incubation. On the biovar test clearly revealed that all groups of R. solanacearum isolates oxidized disaccharides (Sucrose, lactose, and maltose) and sugar alcohols (manitol, sorbitol and dulcitol) within 3-5 days and confirmed biovar as III.Pathogencity test on tomato and chilli indicating wide host range of R. solanacearum isolates and categorized them in race 1. Therefore, it may beconfirmed that R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of brinjal in Bangladesh belong to Biovar III and Race 1.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16744 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 9 - 19, 2010

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solanaceous wild'

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