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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar absorptivity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Hernandez, D., D. Antoine, G. Olalde, and J. M. Gineste. "Optical Fiber Reflectometer Coupled With a Solar Concentrator to Determine Solar Reflectivity and Absorptivity at High Temperature." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888139.

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Devices and methods are presented in which an optical fiber reflectometer and a solar concentrator are used to determine solar reflectivity and absorptivity for opaque and diffuse materials. The measurements can be taken at high temperature, the final aim is to reach 2500°C. Firstly we will present the specific reflectometer and its measurement principles. We will then describe the whole experimental hardware (solar concentrator, associated devices) and the method used to determine solar reflectivity and absorptivity. Finally, we will present examples of results obtained on a metallic sample.
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2

Fan, Desong, Qiang Li, and Yimin Xuan. "Tailoring the solar absorptivity of thermochromic material." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 112, no. 18 (December 2011): 2794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.08.007.

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3

Family, Roxana, and M. Mengüç. "Analysis of Sustainable Materials for Radiative Cooling Potential of Building Surfaces." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093049.

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The main goal of this paper is to explore the radiative cooling and solar heating potential of several materials for the built environment, based on their spectrally-selective properties. A material for solar heating, should have high spectral emissivity/absorptivity in the solar radiation band (within the wavelength range of 0.2–2 μm), and low emissivity/absorptivity at longer wavelengths. Radiative cooling applications require high spectral emissivity/absorptivity, within the atmospheric window band (8–13 μm), and a low emissivity/absorptivity in other bands. UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectroscopy, are used to measure, the spectral absorption/emission spectra of six different types of materials. To evaluate the radiative cooling potential of the samples, the power of cooling is calculated. Heat transfer through most materials is not just a surface phenomenon, but it also needs a volumetric analysis. Therefore, a coupled radiation and conduction heat transfer analysis is used. Results are discussed for the selection of the best materials, for different applications on building surfaces.
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4

He, Song, Yanmei Zhang, Wansheng Yang, Zhangyuan Wang, Xudong Zhao, and Pingnuo Wang. "Investigation on the Solar Absorption Property of the Nanoporous Alumina Sheet for Solar Application." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142329.

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In order to improve the absorption performance of the aluminum sheet for solar application, the nanoporous alumina sheets with the pore diameters of 30 nm and 400 nm were prepared by the anodic oxidation method. The absorption properties of the nanoporous alumina sheets under different solar radiation intensity were studied and compared with the conventional polished aluminum sheet. The results showed that the average absorptivity of the aluminum sheets decreased with the increase of the radiation intensity. When the radiation intensity was 100 W/m2, the nanoporous alumina sheet with the 30 nm pore diameter had the highest average solar absorptivity of 0.39, which was 18% higher than that of the nanoporous alumina sheet with 400 nm pore diameter, and 50% higher than that of the polished aluminum sheet. The maximum instantaneous absorption efficiency of the nanoporous alumina sheet with 30 nm pore diameter was found at 0.92 when the radiation intensity was 100 W/m2. The testing results indicated that the nanoporous alumina sheet with the 30 nm pore diameter performed the best compared with the other two aluminum sheets. By error propagation analysis, the relative error of the average amount of heat absorption and the average absorptivity were acceptable.
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5

Trupke, T. "Absorptivity of silicon solar cells obtained from luminescence." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 53, no. 1-2 (May 12, 1998): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(98)00016-6.

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6

Gong, Mi Mi, Xiang Rui Meng, Xin Ling Ma, and Xin Li Wei. "Economic Analysis of Solar Wall System in Northern China Heating Region." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.241.

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The economic feasibility of solar wall system was assessed with RETScreen software for 15 widespread locations in northern China heating region. Several different economic and financial indicators were calculated, such as the internal rate of return, net present value, simple payback and benefit-cost ratio. Results showed that the solar wall system was only profitable for four sites according to the current domestic price of solar wall plate and its absorptivity. When the price was reduced or the absorptivity under the condition of invariable price was improved, there were more sites profitable for this system. So, only when the price of energy increases 95% or the price of solar wall plate falls 50%, the solar wall system will be profitable for all sites in northern China heating region.
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7

Mrňa, Libor, Jan Řiháček, Martin Šarbort, and Petr Horník. "SOLAR ABSORBER WITH A STRUCTURED SURFACE – A WAY TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0134.

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The basic idea of a solar absorber’s thermal gain increase is the keyhole effect utilization during which the radiation is absorbed by multiple reflections on cavity walls. The lattice of pyramidal or conical cavities on the solar absorber surface can be formed to create a structured surface leading to its overall absorptivity increase and to a reduction of the surface absorptivity dependence on the solar radiation incident beam angle changes caused by the daily and annual solar cycles. This contribution concludes the results of simulations of the effect of cavity geometry, geographical position and absorber orientation on its thermal gain with respect to the technological manufacturability of cavities. Furthermore, the real construction of the absorber with a structured surface using laser welding and parallel hydroforming is briefly described.
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8

Feng, Chi, Chen Chen Wu, and Qing Lin Meng. "Experimental Study on the Radiative Properties of a Sedum lineare Greenroof." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1986.

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Greenroofs are increasingly popular throughout the world. Radiative properties of greenroofs are important for the analysis and enhancement of their thermal performance. The radiative properties of a typical Sedum lineare greenroof were studied in this paper. Experimental results revealed that the solar radiation absorptivity, longwave radiation absorptivity and emissivity of this Sedum lineare greenroof were 0.84, 1.0 and 1.0 respectively.
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9

Wang, Cong, Xin Kang Du, and Tian Min Wang. "Nb-NbN Cermet Film as Solar Selective Coating." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.899.

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A new cermet film Nb-NbN, deposited on the stainless steel substrate by direct reactive magnetron sputtering, was reported as solar selective absorptive coating. Some fundamental studies on microstructure and optical properties of the Nb-NbN cermet films were carried out by XRD, EDX, SEM and spectrophotometer. A solar absorptivity of 0.94 and a normal emissivity of 0.16 at room temperature were achieved for the coating. Thermal stability was investigated at 350°C and 500°C and it was observed that the absorptivity was changed in a range from 0.92 to 0.94 and the surface emissivity varied firstly from 0.16 to 0.14 and then increasing to 0.19 when the temperature was increased from room temperature to 350°C and up to 500°C.
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10

Yerudkar, Aditi, Mamta Nair, Vishwanath H. Dalvi, Sudhir V. Panse, Vineeta D. Deshpande, and Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi. "Development of inexpensive, simple and environment-friendly solar selective absorber using copper nanoparticle." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 7 (February 10, 2021): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0154.

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Abstract Concentrating solar power is the most challenging and expensive yet highly efficient source of thermal energy from solar power. This is mainly due to the intermittency of the sun rays and expensive materials used to harness its energy. One of the main components adding to the cost is the solar selective absorber materials which are simply put spectrally selective coatings on a receiver system to capture maximum heat from the sun. These materials add to a large extent to the efficiency of converting the sun’s energy to thermal energy and in turn electricity. An ideal solar selective absorber possesses the property of absorbing maximum radiations in the solar spectrum and emit minimum in the thermal energy spectrum. In the current study, an inexpensive, simple and environment-friendly solar selective absorber is fabricated by a galvanic displacement reaction of copper nanoparticles on galvanised metal substrates. These copper nanoparticles have high absorptivity (0.8–0.9) by virtue of plasmon resonance property. The emissivity is low due to the highly reflective metal substrate. By varying size of the copper nanoparticles from 100 nm to 2 μm emissivity and absorptivity can be varied. However, achieving low emissivity and high absorptivity requires some optimising. The size depends on the concentration of precursor solution and immersion time of substrate. One of the remedies for controlling the deposition rate to tune the nanoparticle size and microstructure of deposited copper nanoparticle is by addition of a deposition inhibitor (e.g. Polyethylene glycol).
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11

Ferriere, A., L. Lestrade, and J.-F. Robert. "Optical Properties of Plasma-Sprayed ZrO2-Y2O3 at High Temperature for Solar Applications." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 122, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556275.

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Experimental determinations of the absorptivity and of the total hemispherical emissivity of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-7wt%Y2O3 layers were performed in the range of temperature 1000 K–2300 K. For this purpose, solar facilities of CNRS-IMP laboratory were used. The experimental set-up is described and the obtained results are presented and discussed. The spectral absorptivity at 0.65 μm ranges from 0.10 below 1000 K to 0.75 at 2300 K, and the total hemispherical emissivity increases from 0.25 at 1300 K up to 0.60 at 2200 K. [S0199-6231(00)00301-4]
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12

Pretorius, Johannes P., and Detlev G. Kröger. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Operating and Technical Specifications of a Solar Chimney Power Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (July 26, 2006): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2711473.

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This paper conducts a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the quality, thickness, reflectance, emissivity, shape, and insulation of the collector roof glass, the cross section of the collector roof supports, various ground types, ground surface roughness, absorptivity and emissivity, turbine inlet and bracing wheel loss coefficients, and the ambient pressure and lapse rate on the performance of a large-scale (reference) solar chimney power plant. Computer simulation results indicate that collector roof insulation, emissivity and reflectance, the ambient lapse rate, and ground absorptivity and emissivity all have a major effect on the power production of such a plant.
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13

Qin, Yinghong, Xiangru Long, Xiaojie Ma, and He Huang. "Theoretical models for the solar absorptivity of a roadway embankment." Cold Regions Science and Technology 137 (May 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.02.009.

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14

Hu, Mingke, Gang Pei, Lei Li, Renchun Zheng, Junfei Li, and Jie Ji. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of Spectral Selectivity Surface for Both Solar Heating and Radiative Cooling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/807875.

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A spectral selectivity surface for both solar heating and radiative cooling was proposed. It has a high spectral absorptivity (emissivity) in the solar radiation band and atmospheric window band (i.e., 0.2~3 μm and 8~13 μm), as well as a low absorptivity (emissivity) in other bands aside from the solar radiation and atmospheric window wavelengths (i.e., 3~8 μm or above 13 μm). A type of composite surface sample was trial-manufactured combining titanium-based solar selective absorbing coating with polyethylene terephthalate (TPET). Sample tests showed that the TPET composite surface has clear spectral selectivity in the spectra of solar heating and radiation cooling wavelengths. The equilibrium temperatures of the TPET surface under different sky conditions or different inclination angles of surface were tested at both day and night. Numerical analysis and comparisons among the TPET composite surface and three other typical surfaces were also performed. These comparisons indicated that the TPET composite surface had a relative heat efficiency of 76.8% of that of the conventional solar heating surface and a relative temperature difference of 75.0% of that of the conventional radiative cooling surface, with little difference in cooling power.
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15

Jovanović, Tamara, Đuro Koruga, and Branimir Jovančićević. "The IR Spectra, Molar Absorptivity, and Integrated Molar Absorptivity of the C76-D2and C84-D2:22 Isomers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4360746.

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The FT-IR spectra of the stable C76and C84isomers of D2symmetry, isolated by the new, advanced extraction and chromatographic methods and processes, were recorded by the KBr technique, over the relevant region from 400 to 2000 cm−1, at room temperature. All the observed infrared bands are in excellent agreement with the semiempirical QCFF/PI, DFT, and TB potential calculations for these fullerenes, which is presented in this article, as the evidence of their validity. The molar absorptivityεand the integrated molar absorptivityψof their IR absorption bands were determined and reported together with the relative intensities. Excellent agreement is found between the relative intensities of the main and characteristic absorption maxima calculated fromελand from theψλvalues in adequate integration ranges. These results are significant for the identification and quantitative determination of the C76-D2and C84-D2:22 fullerenes, either in natural resources on Earth and in space or in artificially synthesized and biomaterials, electronic, optical, and biomedical devices, sensors, polymers, optical limiters, solar cells, organic field effect transistors, special lenses, diagnostic and therapeutic agents, pharmaceutical substances in biomedical engineering, and so forth.
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16

Wang, Kun, Ya-Ling He, Peiwen Li, Ming-Jia Li, and Wen-Quan Tao. "Multi-objective optimization of the solar absorptivity distribution inside a cavity solar receiver for solar power towers." Solar Energy 158 (December 2017): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.044.

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17

Zhang, Yun Xia, San Xiang Sun, and Tian Peng Wang. "The Influence of Wall Orientation and Exterior Surface Solar Absorptivity on Time Lag and Decrement Factor." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.161.

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In this work, an analysis and numerical study have been carried out in order to determine how time lag and decrement factor are affected by wall orientation and exterior surface solar absorptivity for specific climatic conditions in Budongquan station of Qinghai-Tibet railway. The model employing a dynamic thermal-network simulates heat transfer through the wall according to the measured data. The time lag and decrement factor with different wall orientation and surface absorptivity are investigated based on the hourly heat flow density from outside to inside of building wall. The results of present study are useful for reducing the energy load demands by predicting the thermal reaction of building.
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18

Zhang, Xuelin, Junjie Zhou, Weidong Fu, and Lei Chen. "Research on materials of solar selective absorption coating based on the first principle." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0037.

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Abstract Based on the first principle, this paper studies the optical properties of Ni, Mo, CoO, and Cr2O3 according to the Materials Studio software. It is found that the absorptivity of Ni is low, while Ni has low emissivity. Hence, it can be used to reduce emissivity. The absorption rate of CoO is very high. Therefore, Ni and CoO are very suitable to be composed to make a solar selective absorption coating with high absorptivity and low emissivity. The mass ratio of Ni and CoO has a greater impact on the optical properties of the composite material, so the absorption–emission ratios of the composite material Ni–CoO at different mass ratios are calculated. The absorption–emission ratio is the highest when the mass ratio is 1:1, and the performance is the best, which is in good agreement with the result of the experiment. And we hope that our method will provide some help for the study of solar selective absorption composite coatings.
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19

Kosyachenko, L. A., E. V. Grushko, and T. I. Mikityuk. "Absorptivity of semiconductors used in the production of solar cell panels." Semiconductors 46, no. 4 (April 2012): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782612040124.

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20

Liu, Y., X. X. Pan, G. H. Li, X. Liu, and L. X. Jiang. "Investigations on temperature distribution of satellite surfaces affected by solar absorptivity." Advances in Space Research 46, no. 5 (September 2010): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.019.

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21

Suram, Santosh K., Lan Zhou, Aniketa Shinde, Qimin Yan, Jie Yu, Mitsutaro Umehara, Helge S. Stein, Jeffrey B. Neaton, and John M. Gregoire. "Alkaline-stable nickel manganese oxides with ideal band gap for solar fuel photoanodes." Chemical Communications 54, no. 36 (2018): 4625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08002f.

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Combinatorial photoelectrochemistry combined with first principles calculations demonstrate that NiMnO3 and its mixture with Ni6MnO8 are photoanodes with phenomenal absorptivity and band alignment to the oxygen evolution reaction.
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22

Han, Qiu Ling, Wen Yu Ye, Qiao Ling Chen, and Jian Hong Gong. "Study on the Properties of W-Al2O3 Solar Energy Selective Absorbing Coating Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.819.

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In this paper, the W-Al2O3 solar energy selective absorbing coating was prepared by magnetron sputtering. The selective absorption coating layers were obtained by setting different tungsten target sputtering power and sputtering time. The process parameters of magnetron sputtering were presented by comparing the selective absorption coating layers absorptivity and reflectivity.
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23

Yang, Xing, Zhi Long Xu, Long Cheng, Ju Dong Liu, Jun Pi, Hai Feng Zhou, Zhong Ming Huang, and Xiao Fan Yang. "Research on Antireflection Characteristic of Light Trapping Film and Microstructure on the Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1533.

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The technology of composite light trapping film with smooth surface crystalline silicon is presented as an effective measure to enhance the absorptivity of silicon solar cell based on macrostructure at the interface of film.Genetic algorithm,which can be applied for multi-objective optimization,is used to optimize the microstructure of light trapping film.The reflection of smooth surface crystalline silicon is minimized to under 8%,resulting in a remarkable enhancement of initial efficiency for silicon solar cell.
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24

NJIE, DIVINE N., and THOMAS R. RUMSEY. "SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY OF PEELED CASSAVA ROOT, YAM TUBER AND UNRIPE PLANTAIN FRUIT." Journal of Food Process Engineering 21, no. 4 (October 1998): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1998.tb00456.x.

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25

Shukla, S. K. "Computer modelling of passive solar still by evaluating absorptivity of basin liner." International Journal of Ambient Energy 24, no. 3 (July 2003): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2003.9674915.

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26

Moghadam, Hamid, Abdolreza Samimi, and Amin Behzadmehr. "Solar absorptivity of nano-porous anodic alumina (NPAA): effects of structural features." Journal of Porous Materials 21, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-013-9778-z.

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27

Antar, Zied, Hervé Noel, Jean François Feller, Patrick Glouannec, and Khaled Elleuch. "Thermophysical and Radiative Properties of Conductive Biopolymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 714 (March 2012): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.115.

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Usual plate solar collectors, based on a metal absorber (Cu, Al) selectively coated are technologically very sophisticated, expensive to produce and they are great consumer of fossil raw material. Polymeric materials are considered as a promising alternative for many interesting properties; easy moldability, corrosion resistance, they also offer a significant cost-reduction for solar thermal collectors, and a mass production may thus benefit to a broader utilization of solar energy. Most drawbacks of polymers are their low thermal properties; essentially thermal conductivity coefficient may strongly affect the solar absorber efficiency and deteriorate the collector performance. Polymers used in solar collectors are mainly petroleum-derivative product and mass use of them is not a response to environmental concern. That is why the laboratory chose to explore the potentialities of bio-polymers for the production of absorbers. This group of material presents the same properties as ordinary polymers. It is on the other hand possible to modify the thermal properties of the basic matrix by the addition of loads, such as carbon black, graphite or carbon nanotubes. The thermal performance of a solar collector is closely related to the thermal properties of the absorber. Within this framework, many measurements are necessary, more particularly the conductivity, but also emissivity and absorptivity to solar radiation. The aim of this paper is to study the thermal properties of the PLA bio-polymer charged of exfoliated graphite and/or CNT. Thereafter, the total hemispherical absorptivity, an estimation of the total hemispherical emissivity and the thermal conductivity coefficient were measured for different load rates, we will conclude on the interest and the potentialities of tested materials.
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28

Bonometti, Joseph A., and Clark W. Hawk. "High Temperature Solar Absorber Material Measurement Technique." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1384571.

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Basic material properties determine the amount of solar energy that is absorbed, transmitted or reflected and these values will often change with differing temperatures. This investigation developed a new approach to evaluate the material properties (i.e., reflectivity, absorptivity) of a solar absorber wall and experimentally tested the method using sample coupons. The reflectivity was measured both at ambient and elevated temperatures over a range of angles from 0 to 90 degrees. The same experimental data set was used to calculate the sample’s total reflectivity, by uniquely integrating the recorded intensities over a hemisphere. The test methodology uses the incident solar energy as the heating source, while directly measuring the reflected light (an integrated value over all visible wavelengths) and is suitable for test samples over 3,000 K.
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29

Wang, Fang, Fang Dong Hou, and Xiao Qin Liu. "Measuring and Evaluating Solar Radiative Properties of a Shading Plant." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.7.

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Tillandsia Usneoides (TU) is a kind of plant without root and can live without soil. It balances the conflict between urban greening and vertical development of urbanization compared to traditional shading plants. TU can be formed as plant curtain of any density, size and shape for vertical shading especially in high-rise buildings. This paper observes solar radiative properties of TU with experiments. The results show that the absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity of TU leaf are recommended as 0.64, 0.36 and 0.
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30

Monte, Filippo de, Alain Ferriere, and James V. Beck. "Solar absorptivity of metallic layers subject to a short-flash of concentrated solar energy. Theoretical-experimental calculation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 135 (November 1, 2008): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/135/1/012034.

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31

Fauzi, Ahmad. "PREDIKSI ANALITIK SUHU SOLAR ARRAY SATELIT." Transmisi 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transmisi.21.1.10-14.

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Tujuan utama dari penggunaan coating paint pada sistem kendali termal satelit adalah menjaga semua elemen-elemen sistem satelit sesuai dengan batasan suhu operasional satelit. Panel surya sebagai sub sistem power satelit berfungsi menyediakan daya yang dibutuhkan untuk operasional satelit yang disimpan dalam baterai setelah melalui perubahan energi, dari energi matahari ke bentuk energi listrik yang tersimpan dalam baterai. Energi yang tersimpan dalam baterai merupakan sumber daya satelit yang digunakan saat satelit dalam kondisi eclipse. Makalah ini membahas pemilihan finishing permukaan array surya satelit dari empat jenis yang ada dengan analisa penggunaan tiga buah coating paint dengan optical properties untuk sisi belakang array surya. Solar reflector dengan menggunakan coating white paint SG 121-FD dipilih sebagai finishing permukaan array surya desain power termal satelit karena mempunyai nilai emissivity yang tinggi dan nilai absorptivity yang rendah.
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32

Kingsolver, Joel G., and Lauren B. Buckley. "Evolution of plasticity and adaptive responses to climate change along climate gradients." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1860 (August 16, 2017): 20170386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0386.

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The relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution to the responses of species to recent and future climate change are poorly understood. We combine recent (1960–2010) climate and phenotypic data with microclimate, heat balance, demographic and evolutionary models to address this issue for a montane butterfly, Colias eriphyle , along an elevational gradient. Our focal phenotype, wing solar absorptivity, responds plastically to developmental (pupal) temperatures and plays a central role in thermoregulatory adaptation in adults. Here, we show that both the phenotypic and adaptive consequences of plasticity vary with elevation. Seasonal changes in weather generate seasonal variation in phenotypic selection on mean and plasticity of absorptivity, especially at lower elevations. In response to climate change in the past 60 years, our models predict evolutionary declines in mean absorptivity (but little change in plasticity) at high elevations, and evolutionary increases in plasticity (but little change in mean) at low elevation. The importance of plasticity depends on the magnitude of seasonal variation in climate relative to interannual variation. Our results suggest that selection and evolution of both trait means and plasticity can contribute to adaptive response to climate change in this system. They also illustrate how plasticity can facilitate rather than retard adaptive evolutionary responses to directional climate change in seasonal environments.
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33

Toure, Pape Moussa, Younouss Dieye, Prince Momar Gueye, Mactar Faye, and Vincent Sambou. "Influence of envelope thickness and solar absorptivity of a test cell on time lag and decrement factor." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119863446.

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This work deals with the influence of envelope thickness and solar absorption on the time lag and the decrement factor. For this, a test cell of 1 m3 of volume is built with a material commonly used in construction in Senegal, the compressed earth brick stabilized with cement. The ambient-air temperature inside and outside of test cell and solar direct normal irradiance is measured. The test cell is modeled using EnergyPlus software. The comparison of experimental and theoretical ambient-air temperature puts out a great linear showing the reliability of the model. The time lag and the decrement factor are calculated using the air-sol equivalent temperature of the test cell and the inside ambient-air temperature. The time lag and decrement factor of the compressed stabilized earth brick envelope are respectively 0.22 and 6.6 h showing the good thermal inertia of those bricks. A parametric study is performed to determine the effect of envelope thickness and solar absorptivity on the time lag and decrement factor. The results show that the decrement factor decreases with envelope thickness while the time lag increases linearly and that an envelope thickness of 32 cm has a decrement factor of around zero with a maximum time lag of about 12 h for this type of material. The envelope’s solar absorption has a moderate effect on the decrement factor and time lag.
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34

Giteau, Maxime, Daniel Suchet, Stéphane Collin, Jean-François Guillemoles, and Yoshitaka Okada. "Detailed balance calculations for hot-carrier solar cells: coupling high absorptivity with low thermalization through light trapping." EPJ Photovoltaics 10 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2019001.

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Hot-carrier solar cells could enable an efficiency gain compared to conventional cells, provided that a high current can be achieved, together with a hot-carrier population. Because the thermalization rate is proportional to the volume of the absorber, a fundamental requirement is to maximize the density of carriers generated per volume unit. In this work, we focus on the crucial role of light trapping to meet this objective. Using a detailed balance model taking into account losses through a thermalization factor, we obtained parameters of the hot-carrier population generated under continuous illumination. Different absorptions corresponding to different light path enhancements were compared. Results are presented for open-circuit voltage, at maximum power point and as a function of the applied voltage. The relation between the parameters of the cell (thermalization rate and absorptivity) and its characteristics (temperature, chemical potential, and efficiency) is explained. In particular, we clarify the link between absorbed light intensity and chemical potential. Overall, the results give quantitative values for the thermalization coefficient to be achieved and show that in the hot-carrier regime, absorptivity enhancement leads to an important increase in the carrier temperature and efficiency.
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35

Smestad, Greg P. "Absorptivity as a predictor of the photoluminescence spectra of silicon solar cells and photosynthesis." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 38, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)00215-0.

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36

Ozel, Meral. "The influence of exterior surface solar absorptivity on thermal characteristics and optimum insulation thickness." Renewable Energy 39, no. 1 (March 2012): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.039.

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37

SAMESHIMA, Ryoji. "Estimating the Absorptivity of Solar Radiation in Soybean Canopies - for Use in Crop Models." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 51, no. 1 (1995): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.51.37.

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38

Bogorad, A., R. Herschitz, and C. Bowman. "Environmental stability of low absorptivity optical solar reflectors and their impact on spacecraft charging." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 41, no. 6 (December 1994): 2400–2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.340594.

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39

Hemmatzadeh, Reza, and Ahmad Mohammadi. "Improving optical absorptivity of natural dyes for fabrication of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics 7, no. 1 (2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2251-7235-7-57.

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40

Alessandro, C. D’, D. De Maio, D. De Luca, M. Musto, E. Di Gennaro, G. Rotondo, D. Dalena, and R. Russo. "Measurements of Spectrally Averaged Absorptivity and Emissivity for a Selective Solar Absorber in High Vacuum Under Direct Solar Illumination." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1599 (August 2020): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1599/1/012027.

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41

Sajid, M. H., Z. Said, Rahman Saidur, and Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri. "Applicability of Alumina Nanofluid in Direct Absorption Solar Collectors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.366.

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Alumina nanofluid has unique thermo-physical properties which make it appreciable as thermal fluid, but its high extinction coefficient is not significant enough for making it a good solar irradiation absorber. The investigation was conducted on 0.05% v/v water-based alumina nanofluid and results showed that the nanofluid is able to attenuate approximately 50% of solar energy irradiated on the earth surface. Enhancement in absorption coefficient is found very little to increase absorptivity of basefluid using Rayleigh approach. It is found that the scattering coefficient of alumina is dominating absorption coefficient. Although high value of extinction coefficient is observed as usual, scattering is found responsible for this high extinction. The Rayleigh approach cannot explain the optical behaviour of the nanofluid and dominating scattering behaviour points toward alumina nanofluids’ weak capability as radiation absorber.
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42

Sattar, Abdul, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad A. Saeed, Saad Nawaz, M. A. Mujtaba, Saqib Anwar, et al. "Performance Evaluation of a Direct Absorption Collector for Solar Thermal Energy Conversion." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184956.

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The solar absorption efficiency of water as a base-fluid can be significantly improved by suspending nanoparticles of various materials in it. This experimental work presents the photo thermal performance of water-based nano-fluids of graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and their hybrids under natural solar flux for the first time. Nanofluid samples were prepared by the two-step method and the photothermal performance of these nanofluid samples was conducted under natural solar flux in a particle concentration range from 0.0004 wt % to 0.0012 wt %. The photothermal efficiency of water-based 0.0012 wt % GO nanofluid was 46.6% greater than that of the other nanofluids used. This increased photothermal performance of GO nanofluid was associated with its good stability, high absorptivity, and high thermal conductivity. Thus, pure graphene oxide (GO) based nanofluid is a potential candidate for direct absorption solar collection to be used in different solar thermal energy conversion applications.
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43

Çobanoğlu, Nur, Ziya Haktan Karadeniz, and Alpaslan Turgut. "Carbon-based Nanofluid Applications in Solar Thermal Energy." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101056.

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Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal are proposed as an alternative to fossil fuels whose excessive use causes global warming. The most popular one of the renewable energy sources is considered as solar energy due to the fact that required energy is provided by the sun entire year around the world. Solar energy systems convert the solar radiation to the useful heat or electricity. In order to achieve better performance in solar thermal systems many studies have been conducted. Some of these studies suggest that heat transfer fluid could be changed with the nanofluids which can be defined as new generation heat transfer fluid. Nanofluids are suspensions of nano-sized particles such as metals, metal-oxides, and Carbon-allotropes (C), in the conventional base-fluids (water, ethylene glycol and oil). Using nanofluid enhances the efficiency and thermal performance of solar systems due to their better thermophysical and optical properties. Recently, C-based nanofluids are getting attention due to their enhanced thermal conductivity and absorptivity at even low concentrations. The results show that C-based nanofluids have a potential to use in solar energy systems: solar collectors, solar stills, photovoltaic/thermal systems.
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44

Chen, Hung-Pin, Chao-Te Lee, Wei-Bo Liao, Ya-Chen Chang, Yu-Sheng Chen, Meng-Chi Li, Cheng-Chung Lee, and Chien-Cheng Kuo. "Analysis of High-Efficiency Mo-Based Solar Selective Absorber by Admittance Locus Method." Coatings 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040256.

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High absorptivity and low emissivity are characteristics needed in an ideal solar selective absorber. In high-temperature applications, such as a solar concentration power system in which the solar surface works under a long-term high temperature (about 400 to 800 °C), the absorber material has to maintain high absorption in the visible region, high reflectance in the infrared region, and excellent thermal stability at high temperature. In this research, the design of a molybdenum-based (Mo-based) solar selective absorber was analyzed by the admittance locus method, and the films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The ratio of the extinction coefficient to the refractive index of the Mo layer was close to 1, so that the Mo-based solar selective absorber had a broad absorption band, high absorption, and good solar selectivity. Its average reflectance in the visible region was less than 0.4%. The experimental absorption was 97.1% (simulated absorption was 98%) and the emissivity was from 13% to 20% (simulated emissivity was 8% to 26%) as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 °C.
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45

Hajimirza, Shima, and John R. Howell. "Computational and experimental study of a multi-layer absorptivity enhanced thin film silicon solar cell." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 143 (August 2014): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.09.025.

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46

Li, Hailiang, Jiebin Niu, Congfen Zhang, Gao Niu, Xin Ye, and Changqing Xie. "Ultra-Broadband High-Efficiency Solar Absorber Based on Double-Size Cross-Shaped Refractory Metals." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030552.

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In this paper, a theoretical simulation based on a finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) shows that the solar absorber can reach ultra-broadband and high-efficiency by refractory metals titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN). In the absorption spectrum of double-size cross-shaped absorber, the absorption bandwidth of more than 90% is 1182 nm (415.648–1597.39 nm). Through the analysis of the field distribution, we know the physical mechanism is the combined action of propagating plasmon resonance and local surface plasmon resonance. After that, the paper has a discussion about the influence of different structure parameters, polarization angle and angle of incident light on the absorptivity of the absorber. At last, the absorption spectrum of the absorber under the standard spectrum of solar radiance Air Mass 1.5 (AM1.5) is studied. The absorber we proposed can be used in solar energy absorber, thermal photovoltaics, hot-electron devices and so on.
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47

Kingsolver, Joel G., and Lauren B. Buckley. "Climate variability slows evolutionary responses of Colias butterflies to recent climate change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (March 7, 2015): 20142470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2470.

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How does recent climate warming and climate variability alter fitness, phenotypic selection and evolution in natural populations? We combine biophysical, demographic and evolutionary models with recent climate data to address this question for the subalpine and alpine butterfly, Colias meadii , in the southern Rocky Mountains. We focus on predicting patterns of selection and evolution for a key thermoregulatory trait, melanin (solar absorptivity) on the posterior ventral hindwings, which affects patterns of body temperature, flight activity, adult and egg survival, and reproductive success in Colias . Both mean annual summer temperatures and thermal variability within summers have increased during the past 60 years at subalpine and alpine sites. At the subalpine site, predicted directional selection on wing absorptivity has shifted from generally positive (favouring increased wing melanin) to generally negative during the past 60 years, but there is substantial variation among years in the predicted magnitude and direction of selection and the optimal absorptivity. The predicted magnitude of directional selection at the alpine site declined during the past 60 years and varies substantially among years, but selection has generally been positive at this site. Predicted evolutionary responses to mean climate warming at the subalpine site since 1980 is small, because of the variability in selection and asymmetry of the fitness function. At both sites, the predicted effects of adaptive evolution on mean population fitness are much smaller than the fluctuations in mean fitness due to climate variability among years. Our analyses suggest that variation in climate within and among years may strongly limit evolutionary responses of ectotherms to mean climate warming in these habitats.
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48

Kaminski, D. A., and S. Kar. "Parametric Studies of a Spectrally Selective, Two-Layered, Porous, Volumetric Solar Collector." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929998.

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A porous, packed bed, volumetric solar collector consisting of two dissimilar layers of spherical beads is numerically modeled. The bed is irradiated on the top surface by concentrated solar flux isotropic within a known cone angle. A gas stream perfusing the bed is heated by convection with the solid particles. The equation of radiative transfer, which accounts for absorption, emission, and linearly anisotropic scattering in the bed, is simplified by employing the P1 differential approximation. The bed materials are spectrally selective in the solar and infrared wavelengths. Sensitivity studies are used to identify the critical input parameters of the system, and a baseline configuration, which incorporates the key requirements of an efficient solar collector, is adopted. Parametric studies are conducted on the mass flow rate, incident solar flux, top layer porosity, solar absorptivity, particle diameter, and degree of back scatter. Tailoring of the particle and fluid temperature profiles and enhancing the efficiency of the collector by an appropriate selection of these critical parameters is demonstrated. Various high-temperature ceramics with suitable radiative properties are identified and their relative performance in the collector is assessed.
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49

Wang, Xue Wen, Zhou Hu Deng, and Yuan Zhang. "Optical Spectrum Analysis of CuInSe2 Materials Applied in Solar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 645 (January 2013): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.645.154.

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Since CuInSe2 (commonly called as CIS) materials has become one of most important photovoltaic materials, they are investigated with optical spectroscopies in this paper. The crystal structure, surface microstructure morphology and composition of the samples are analyzed in XRD and SEM with EDX, and the surface electronic state and optical properties of the samples are characterized in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrum instruments. The results show that CIS phase is very uniform, some impurity phases appear in the samples， the atomic distributing percentages of the surfaces of bulk samples are very consistent in the composition ratio forming the crystal phases of the samples, and the atomic electrons are more active than ones in the relevant elements. Furthermore, the thin film of the sample has high solar energy absorptivity, and is suitable for to be manufactured as solar cell.
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50

FRIDJINE, SANA, KAREM BOUBAKER, and MOSBAH AMLOUK. "AMLOUK–BOUBAKER EXPANSIVITY: A BPES-RELATED PARAMETER FOR OPTIMIZING PV–T HYBRID SOLAR CELL FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS." Functional Materials Letters 02, no. 01 (March 2009): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604709000533.

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In this study, we define a synthetic parameter, optothermal expansivity, as a quantitative guide to evaluating and optimizing PV–T functional materials in both thermal and optical performance. This parameter, ψ AB (or Amlouk–Boubaker expansivity), is calculated using both the thermal diffusivity and the optical effective absorptivity of the material. The values of this parameter, which seems to be a characteristic one, correspond to the total volume that contains a fixed amount of heat per unit time (m3s-1) and can be considered, for future use, as a 3D velocity of the transmitted heat inside the material.
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