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Walker, Joshua. "Regional renewable assessment wind versus solar energy /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024933.
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Gadkari, Sagar A. "A HYBRID RECONFIGURABLE SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY SYSTEM." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1225821057.
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Mueller, Joshua M. (Joshua Michael) 1982. "Evaluating storage technologies for wind and solar energy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118224.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-135).
Rapidly falling wind and solar energy costs over the past four decades have led to exponential growth in installation of these technologies. However, these intermittent renewables do not reliably produce power on demand. One possible mitigation strategy is the addition of energy storage technologies, which are able to shift generation to later periods of higher demand or price. In competitive markets, storage adoption to facilitate renewables penetration will depend on how much value storage can bring to a wind or solar power plant. Which of the diverse energy storage technologies are best suited to profitably perform this function? How do price and resource variability determine the preferred technologies? This thesis develops two novel methods of comparing storage technologies in hybrid wind-storage or solar-storage power plants. In the first, we evaluate technologies based on the increased value of a marginal hybrid plant under today's conditions. We further explain these results by finding the determinants of storage value under uncertainty. In the second, we find the least-cost hybrid plants able to meet predefined demand profiles. Through simulation, optimization, and statistical analysis, we address the following questions: 1) How can one compare candidate storage technologies? 2) What price and resource features determine storage value? 3) What are the cost targets for storage under different market conditions? To address question 1, we optimize storage operation and size for grid-scale energy arbitrage, and study the value of hybrid plants using different storage technologies. The value of the hybrid plant is found by comparing benefits to costs, and is estimated across locations and technologies. We show that at today's wind and solar generation costs, some storage technologies can provide value, but further cost improvement is needed, especially for electrochemical technologies, to facilitate widespread adoption. Finally, we determine both cost targets and the optimal direction of cost improvement for diverse storage technologies and locations. In order to answer question 2, we identify features of the electricity market and the renewables resource availability that determine value. Through simulations of an artificial price time series in which features of electricity price spikes are varied, we find that storage value is driven by the frequency and amplitude of price spikes and the availability of the energy resource. The durations of price spikes determine the relative value of one storage technology to another, because of differing technology cost structures. We demonstrate these results in historical data and explain the differences in storage value across locations. We also explore how uncertainty in future prices impacts storage value. We determine a new heuristic for storage operation and sizing absent perfect foresight. This approach is able to capture at least 80% of the expected value under perfect foresight and improves upon existing heuristics. In answering question 3, we determine the least-cost combination of wind and solar with storage that provides reliable, dispatchable, pre-determined outputs. This approach allows for the evaluation of storage technologies for a possible future with higher renewables penetration. Preferred technologies for this use context have very low energy capacity costs (< $50/kWh), enabling inexpensive installation of long duration storage. Long periods of low wind or solar availability determine storage requirements and can be mitigated by including both wind and solar in the generation portfolio. New cost targets are derived for storage development that would help enable higher levels of renewables adoption.
by Joshua Michael Mueller.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Rallis, Evan. "Solar and Wind Energy Development in Maine: 1973-1997." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RallisE2003.pdf.
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Hughes, Jeffrey S. "Comparison of Large Scale Renewable Energy Projects for the United States Air Force." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35282.
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This thesis focused on the performance of large-scale renewable energy projects for the United States Air Force. As global energy demands continue to rise, the need to find ways to save energy and produce alternative sources of energy will increase. The Federal Government has begun to address the challenge of energy production and energy security in recent years. In order to increase both the energy production and energy security for the Air Force, there is a trend to increase the amount of renewable energy produced on military installations. The goal of this research was to compare the estimated and actual performance of these large-scale on-site renewable energy projects at Air Force installations. The variables considered for this research were the execution methods and the renewable energy sources. The performance of each project was evaluated against factors identified in previous sustainable construction studies. The study found that actual performance of third party owned and operated projects differed from the expected performance by less than the Air Force owned and operated projects, and that performance of renewable energy projects differed from the expected performance by less than high performance buildings from previous studies. The study also found factors that contributed to the gap between the expected and actual performance including optimistic modeling, unusual weather, operational issues and higher than expected maintenance of the projects. The results of this research were an initial step in understanding the actual performance of large-scale renewable energy projects.Master of Science
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Hijazin, Maher Ibrahim. "Solar & wind driven reciprocating lift pumps." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332826.
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Assaad, Michael. "Arduino Based Hybrid MPPT Controller for Wind and Solar." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062827/.
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Renewable power systems are becoming more affordable and provide better options than fossil-fuel generation, for not only the environment, but a benefit of a reduced cost of operation. Methods to optimize charging batteries from renewable technologies is an important subject for off-grid and micro-grids, and is becoming more relevant for larger installations. Overcharging or undercharging the battery can result in failure and reduction of battery life. The Arduino hybrid MPPT controller takes the advantage of solar and wind energy sources by controlling two systems simultaneously. The ability to manage two systems with one controller is better for an overall production of energy, cost, and manageability, at a minor expense of efficiency. The hybrid MPPT uses two synchronous buck DC-DC converters to control both wind and solar. The hybrid MPPT performed at a maximum of 93.6% efficiency, while the individual controller operated at a maximum 97.1% efficiency when working on the bench test. When designing the controller to manage power production from a larger generator, the inductor size was too large due to the frequency provided by the Arduino. A larger inductor means less allowable current to flow before the inductor becomes over saturated, reducing the efficiency of the controller. Utilizing a different microcontroller like the PIC16C63A produces a much faster frequency, which will reduce the inductor size needed and allow more current before over saturation.
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Canto, Mario Afonso Ribeiro do [UNESP]. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para monitoramento de fontes alternativas de energia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99291.
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canto_mar_me_guara.pdf: 699979 bytes, checksum: f7eca1e74cb8beebf010d5db1aceeac4 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A utilização de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia apresenta-se como um recurso energético com um mínimo de impacto ambiental. Com o crescimento do uso destes recursos, torna-se importante o conhecimento dos mesmos do comportamento em relação às condições ambientais naturais. As alterações das condições climáticas, por vezes, causam incertezas quanto ao rendimento dos sistemas alternativos e renováveis de geração de energia. Este trabalho apresenta-se como uma forma de conhecimento do comportamento das fontes de energia perante diversas condições do clima. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento sobre o comportamento de fontes alternativas de energia comerciais e desenvolvidas no Centro de Energias Renováveis da UNESP de Guaratinguetá. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um sistema de aquisição e tratamento de dados para monitorar o comportamento de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia e das condições ambientais. Nesse sistema são especificados sensores para monitoramento das condições ambientais e para monitoramento dos dispositivos componentes das fontes de energia alternativa. O desenvolvimento de um software para coleta de dados e controle dos dispositivos de medição é parte integrante do trabalho para viabilizar o acesso às informações de forma a facilitar a análise de resultados. O protótipo construído durante o desenvolvimento da dissertação possibilitou o monitoramento das fontes de energia do laboratório como também das condições atmosféricas locais.
The renewable and alternative energy sources utilization presents-itself as an energy resource with a minimum environmental impact. With the growth of the use of these resources, becomes so important the knowledge of the performace regarding to the natural environmental conditions. The climatic conditions alterations, for times, cause users doubts of confidance of the renewable and alternative systems performance in energy generation. This work presents-itself as a form of knowledge of the performance of the energy sources to diversiity climate conditions. This dissertation has for objective contribute with the knowledge about the performance of commercial and alternative energy sources and developed in the Renewable Energies Center of the UNESP, Guaratinguetá. Was developed a system of data acquisition and analysis for monitoring renewable and alternative energy sources and environmental conditions. In this work, are determined and specified sensors for monitoring of the environmental conditions and for monitoring of the devices components of the alternative energy.sources The development of a data aquisition software and control of measurement is a part to make easy the access the information to facilitate the results analysis. The prototype built during the dissertation development enabled the energy sources monitoring of the center as also of the local atmospheric conditions.
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Ortíz, Elvis Richard Tello. "Sistemas fotovoltaicos e eólicos: metodologia para análise da complementaridade espacial-temporal com aplicação no dimensionamento e análise de risco financeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-29122014-175607/.
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Este trabalho propõe caracterizar a complementaridade espacial-temporal entre energia eólica e solar fotovoltaica entre regiões do Brasil e estudar, no âmbito da comercialização de energia elétrica no Setor Elétrico Brasileiro - SEB, se um portfólio formado por estas fontes trazem vantagens econômicas relevantes para o investidor. Para atender a estes objetivos, foram estudados métodos para tratamento dos dados como a correção da irradiância solar, cálculo da energia gerada pelas fontes estudadas, o ambiente de contratação de energia elétrica no Brasil, métodos de otimização e modelos de análise de risco para contratação de energia no mercado livre de energia. A metodologia proposta para responder as questões colocadas foi aplicada em um estudo de caso envolvendo três regiões brasileiras em um horizonte de dez anos. Concluiu-se que existe a complementaridade energética entre as fontes nas diferentes regiões estudadas e em diferentes períodos de tempo. Confirmou-se que tecnicamente pode-se reduzir a oscilação na geração de energia analisando as fontes de forma complementar, porém, o custo de instalação da fonte fotovoltaica ainda é muito alto, inviabilizando até o momento investimentos em larga escala e de forma complementar a fonte eólica. Também verificou-se, dentro dos locais avaliados, que somente um dos três locais apresentou benefício econômico-financeiro com a formação de portfólio das fontes eólica e solar atuando no mercado de venda de energia e atendendo os critérios de risco limite estabelecidos quando avaliadas segundo a ótica da maximização da receita no mercado livre.This thesis proposes to characterize the spatial-temporal complementarity between wind and solar photovoltaic energy between regions of Brazil and study, in the marketing of electricity in the Brazilian Electrical Sector - SEB, a portfolio formed by these sources bring significant economic benefits to the investor. To meet these goals, methods for data processing were studied as correction of solar irradiance calculation of the energy generated by the sources studied, the environment of contracting electricity in Brazil, optimization methods and models for risk analysis for contracting energy in the free energy market. The proposed methodology to answer the questions was applied in a case study involving three Brazilian regions with a horizon of ten years time series. It was concluded that there is complementarity between energy sources in the different regions studied and in different time periods. It was confirmed that technically can reduce the fluctuation in power generation by analyzing the complement of sources, however, the installation cost of photovoltaic power is still too high, preventing yet large-scale investments and complementary way the source wind. Also it was found within the sites evaluated, only one of the three sites presented economic and financial benefit by the portfolio of wind and solar sources acting in the sale of energy market and considering the risk criteria limit established when evaluated according to perspective of maximizing revenue in the free energy market.
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Broders, Adam C. "Combining of renewable energy plants to improve energy production stability." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042908-132847/.
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Robb, David MacKenzie. "Model based predictive control with application to renewable energy systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20379.
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In the promotion and development of renewable energy systems, control engineering is one area which can directly affect the overall system performance and economics and thus help to make renewable energies more attractive and popular. For cost effectiveness, ideally the renewable energy industry requires a control design technique which is very effective yet simple with methods that are transparent enough to allow implementation by non-control engineers. The objective of this thesis is to determine if Model Based Predictive Control (MBPC) is a suitable control technique for use by the renewable energy industry. MBPC is chosen as it uses simple and fairly transparent methods yet claims to be powerful and can deal with issues, such as non linearities and controller constraints, which are important in renewable energy systems. MBPC is applied to a solar power parabolic trough system and a variable speed wind turbine to enable the general applicability of MBPC to renewable energy systems to be tested and the possible benefits to the industry to be assessed. Also by applying the MBPC technique to these two strongly contrasting systems much experience is gained about the MBPC technique itself, and its strengths and weaknesses and ease of application are assessed. The investigation into the performance of Model Based Predictive Control and in particular its application in the renewable energy industry leads to two contrasting conclusions. For simple systems with non-demanding dynamics and having a good model of the system, MBPC provides a very good and effective solution. However for more demanding systems with complex dynamics and strong non-linearities, a basic MBPC controller, applied by a non-control engineer, cannot be recommended.
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Gabriel, Filho Luís Roberto Almeida [UNESP]. "Análise e modelagem geométrica da potência gerada por um sistema híbrido solar fotovoltaico eólico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101819.
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gabrielfilho_lra_dr_botfca.pdf: 1369531 bytes, checksum: d88ab43a37c5ec16e00f66d2f8657092 (MD5)A parte analítica desta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Centro de Pesquisas do Agronegócio (CEPEAGRO) anexo ao curso de Administração e Agronegócio da UNESP – Campus de Tupã e a parte experimental no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA, UNESP – Campus de Botucatu, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado sediada no município de Botucatu-SP, com localização geográfica definida pelas coordenadas 22° 51' Latitude Sul (S) e 48° 26' Longitude Oeste (W) e altitude média de 786 metros acima do nível do mar. A geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis começou a apresentar maior interesse a partir da crise do petróleo na década de 70. A partir desta época a utilização do potencial da energia solar e eólica tem crescido significativamente, dentre outras fontes renováveis de energia. A integração de sistemas de geração eólica e fotovoltaica com armazenamento de energia em baterias tem-se apresentado como uma forma de geração em que os problemas decorrentes da variabilidade na intensidade da energia eólica e solar, tornam-se possíveis pela complementação entre uma fonte e outra, ou pela maior estabilidade configurada à geração do sistema. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema híbrido de energia eólico fotovoltaico gerando, através de elementos definidos pela geometria diferencial, um subconjunto tridimensional denominado Superfície Híbrida Eólica Fotovoltaica. Definiu-se a partir desta superfície sólidos geométricos com os quais foi possível dimensionar o volume da energia proveniente do sistema híbrido definido. Para a realização do trabalho, encontraram-se os volumes dos sólidos definidos pela Superfície Híbrida Eólica Fotovoltaica tendo como limitantes os planos definidos pela potência P = 0 , pelas irradiâncias g = g1 , g = g2 , g = g3 , e pelas velocidades do vento...
The analytic part of this research was developed in the Center of Researches of Agrobusiness (CEPEAGRO) enclose the course of Administration and Agrobusiness of UNESP - Campus of Tupã and the experimental part in the Department of Rural Engineering of FCA, UNESP - Campus of Botucatu, located in Experimental Finance headquartered Lageado in the municipal district of Botucatu-SP, with defined geographical location for the coordinates 22° 51 ' South Latitude (S) and 48° 26 ' Longitude West (W) and medium altitude of 786 meters above the sea level. The electric power generation starting from renewable sources began to present larger interest starting from the crisis of the petroleum in the decade of 70. Starting from this time the use of the potential of the solar energy and wind has been growing significantly, among other renewable sources of energy. The integration of systems of generation wind and photovoltaic with storage of energy in batteries have been presenting as a generation form in that the current problems of the variability in the intensity of the energy wind and solar, they become possible for the complementation among a source and other, or for the largest stability configured to the generation of the system. The present work has the objective of evaluating the acting of a hybrid system of energy wind photovoltaic generating, through defined elements for the differential geometry, a three-dimensional subset denominated geometric Hybrid Wind Photovoltaic Surface. It was defined starting from this surface geometric solids where it was possible dimensioned the volume of the originating from energy the defined hybrid system...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Sangpanich, Umarin. "Optimization of wind-solar energy systems using low wind speed turbines to improve rural electrification." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18944.
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Electricity is significant in improving the quality of life for people in rural and remote areas in developing countries. There are two main options for Rural Electrification (RE), namely grid extension and stand-alone systems. The governments and developers face the challenges of their limitations, namely technical, economic and environmental effects of each RE choice. This thesis intends to improve RE by focusing on renewable energy technologies, namely Wind Turbine (WT) and Photovoltaic (PV) systems. They have been developed and applied to RE because they are simple and environmentally friendly. They can be installed as separate units and they are sustainable alternative energy solutions. Installation, cost and performance are crucial issues of WT and PV applications, and are based on the terrain and climate where the renewable are installed. The efficiency of WTs and PV modules has increased, while their cost has declined continuously. However, a PV system still has installatio n costs around two times more expensive per watt than WTs. Most WTs using current technology can be financially worthwhile for high wind speed areas, having wind speeds greater than 6.4 m/s at 10 m hub height, but most rural areas have wind speeds of less than 6 m/s at the same height. Therefore, Low Wind Speed Turbines (LWSTs) have evolved, by increasing rotor diameter and while maintaining similar generator capacity. This is to reduce Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for WTs in low wind speed areas. This thesis proposes simple cost models, namely the Sum-component cost model and the Total-cost model in order to calculate the LCOE of LWSTs. In addition, novel aspects of this thesis are that the optimization processes of stand-alone hybrid WT-PV systems and hybrid WT-PV systems using batteries at peak demand in remote area power systems provide simple, fast and flexible methods, by applying Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). The MOEA can analyze complex objective problems a nd provide an accurate multi-objective method. Results from relevant case studies show that the cost models and the optimization processes proposed are novel and are valuable tools for analysis and design, including the approaches for improving the system reliability and for estimating the Initial Capital Cost (ICC) of WTs having different rated wind speeds. The proposed algorithms are generic and can be utilized for other energy planning problems.
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Canto, Mario Afonso Ribeiro do. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para monitoramento de fontes alternativas de energia /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99291.
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Orientador: Teófilo Miguel de SouzaBanca: Samuel Euzedice de Lucena
Banca: Osiris Canciglieri Junior
Resumo: A utilização de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia apresenta-se como um recurso energético com um mínimo de impacto ambiental. Com o crescimento do uso destes recursos, torna-se importante o conhecimento dos mesmos do comportamento em relação às condições ambientais naturais. As alterações das condições climáticas, por vezes, causam incertezas quanto ao rendimento dos sistemas alternativos e renováveis de geração de energia. Este trabalho apresenta-se como uma forma de conhecimento do comportamento das fontes de energia perante diversas condições do clima. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento sobre o comportamento de fontes alternativas de energia comerciais e desenvolvidas no Centro de Energias Renováveis da UNESP de Guaratinguetá. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um sistema de aquisição e tratamento de dados para monitorar o comportamento de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia e das condições ambientais. Nesse sistema são especificados sensores para monitoramento das condições ambientais e para monitoramento dos dispositivos componentes das fontes de energia alternativa. O desenvolvimento de um software para coleta de dados e controle dos dispositivos de medição é parte integrante do trabalho para viabilizar o acesso às informações de forma a facilitar a análise de resultados. O protótipo construído durante o desenvolvimento da dissertação possibilitou o monitoramento das fontes de energia do laboratório como também das condições atmosféricas locais.
Abstract: The renewable and alternative energy sources utilization presents-itself as an energy resource with a minimum environmental impact. With the growth of the use of these resources, becomes so important the knowledge of the performace regarding to the natural environmental conditions. The climatic conditions alterations, for times, cause users doubts of confidance of the renewable and alternative systems performance in energy generation. This work presents-itself as a form of knowledge of the performance of the energy sources to diversiity climate conditions. This dissertation has for objective contribute with the knowledge about the performance of commercial and alternative energy sources and developed in the Renewable Energies Center of the UNESP, Guaratinguetá. Was developed a system of data acquisition and analysis for monitoring renewable and alternative energy sources and environmental conditions. In this work, are determined and specified sensors for monitoring of the environmental conditions and for monitoring of the devices components of the alternative energy.sources The development of a data aquisition software and control of measurement is a part to make easy the access the information to facilitate the results analysis. The prototype built during the dissertation development enabled the energy sources monitoring of the center as also of the local atmospheric conditions.
Mestre
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Gabriel, Filho Luís Roberto Almeida 1979. "Análise e modelagem geométrica da potência gerada por um sistema híbrido solar fotovoltaico eólico /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101819.
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Orientador: Odivaldo José SeraphimBanca: Helenice de Oliveira F. Silva
Banca: Ivam Resina
Banca: Celso Eduardo Lins de Oliveira
Banca: Jair de Jesus Fiorentino
Resumo: A parte analítica desta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Centro de Pesquisas do Agronegócio (CEPEAGRO) anexo ao curso de Administração e Agronegócio da UNESP - Campus de Tupã e a parte experimental no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA, UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado sediada no município de Botucatu-SP, com localização geográfica definida pelas coordenadas 22° 51' Latitude Sul (S) e 48° 26' Longitude Oeste (W) e altitude média de 786 metros acima do nível do mar. A geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis começou a apresentar maior interesse a partir da crise do petróleo na década de 70. A partir desta época a utilização do potencial da energia solar e eólica tem crescido significativamente, dentre outras fontes renováveis de energia. A integração de sistemas de geração eólica e fotovoltaica com armazenamento de energia em baterias tem-se apresentado como uma forma de geração em que os problemas decorrentes da variabilidade na intensidade da energia eólica e solar, tornam-se possíveis pela complementação entre uma fonte e outra, ou pela maior estabilidade configurada à geração do sistema. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema híbrido de energia eólico fotovoltaico gerando, através de elementos definidos pela geometria diferencial, um subconjunto tridimensional denominado Superfície Híbrida Eólica Fotovoltaica. Definiu-se a partir desta superfície sólidos geométricos com os quais foi possível dimensionar o volume da energia proveniente do sistema híbrido definido. Para a realização do trabalho, encontraram-se os volumes dos sólidos definidos pela Superfície Híbrida Eólica Fotovoltaica tendo como limitantes os planos definidos pela potência P = 0 , pelas irradiâncias g = g1 , g = g2 , g = g3 , e pelas velocidades do vento...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The analytic part of this research was developed in the Center of Researches of Agrobusiness (CEPEAGRO) enclose the course of Administration and Agrobusiness of UNESP - Campus of Tupã and the experimental part in the Department of Rural Engineering of FCA, UNESP - Campus of Botucatu, located in Experimental Finance headquartered Lageado in the municipal district of Botucatu-SP, with defined geographical location for the coordinates 22° 51 ' South Latitude (S) and 48° 26 ' Longitude West (W) and medium altitude of 786 meters above the sea level. The electric power generation starting from renewable sources began to present larger interest starting from the crisis of the petroleum in the decade of 70. Starting from this time the use of the potential of the solar energy and wind has been growing significantly, among other renewable sources of energy. The integration of systems of generation wind and photovoltaic with storage of energy in batteries have been presenting as a generation form in that the current problems of the variability in the intensity of the energy wind and solar, they become possible for the complementation among a source and other, or for the largest stability configured to the generation of the system. The present work has the objective of evaluating the acting of a hybrid system of energy wind photovoltaic generating, through defined elements for the differential geometry, a three-dimensional subset denominated geometric Hybrid Wind Photovoltaic Surface. It was defined starting from this surface geometric solids where it was possible dimensioned the volume of the originating from energy the defined hybrid system...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Juserius, Emma, and Filippa Ström. "The Potential of a Solar & Wind Hybrid System in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298975.
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As many other countries, Sri Lanka strives to become 100% renewable by 2050 through reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and implementing more renewable sources such as solar and wind power. A solution to the problem is therefore to install solar and wind hybrid systems. The country's geographic location near the equator makes the solar radiation high and can therefore be used to achieve the energy goal by 2050, both in an economical and environmental way. This study is therefore investigating Sri Lanka's potential to implement a solar and wind hybrid system. The aim of this study is to examine whether it is economically and environmentally profitable to construct a solar and wind power hybrid system in a household in Sri Lanka. The goal is to find the most economical optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system that is also environmentally sustainable. By compiling a literature study about the solar and wind hybrid system, an optimization could be made in the optimization programme HOMER. Data was collected for solar and wind power costs and Sri Lanka’s daily consumption of energy. Then HOMER produced the most optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system. The economical methods that were used were the net present value, the payback method and the internal rate of return, which all were solved in HOMER to reach the optimal dimension. The result showed an optimal dimension consisting of 5 kW PV and 1 kW wind power, which resulted in a profitable investment with a payback of 4 years and 10 months, and a NPV of 27,000 USD and also an internal rate of 20.6%. In addition, the renewable fraction was 48.5% for a household. Beyond the economical results a sensitivity analysis was made, which did not change the result for the optimal dimension. The conclusion can be drawn that the optimal dimension of the hybrid system is economically profitable and will befriend Sri Lanka’s goal of 100% renewable energy by 2050. However, even if the result showed a profitable investment, the investment costs are high, which means that only a few would afford the investment of a solar and wind hybrid system.Precis som många andra länder strävar Sri Lanka efter att enbart förlita sig på förnybar energi till år 2050 genom att ersätta den fossila produktionen med förnybara källor som sol- och vindkraft. En lösning på problemet är därför att installera hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Landets geografiska placering nära ekvatorn gör att solinstrålningen är hög, vilket medför att solceller skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent om Sri Lanka ska uppnå energimålen till 2050 på både ett ekonomiskt och miljövänligt sätt. Denna studie undersöker därför Sri Lankas potential att implementera ett hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det är ekonomiskt och miljömässigt lönsamt att konstruera ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem i ett hushåll i Sri Lanka. Målet är att hitta den optimala dimensioneringen för hybridsystemet som gynnas mest ekonomiskt och är miljömässigt hållbar. Genom att sammanställa en litteraturstudie om hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft kunde en optimering genomföras i syfte att erhålla det bäst dimensionerade hybridsystemet i optimeringsprogrammet HOMER. Data samlades in om kostnader för sol- och vindkraft samt om Sri Lankas dagliga konsumtion av energi i ett genomsnittligt hushåll som HOMER använde för att framställa den optimala dimensioneringen av ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem. De ekonomiska metoderna som användes för att beräkna den ekonomiska lönsamheten var nuvärdesmetoden, återbetalningsmetoden och internräntemetoden, vilka beräknades i HOMER för att komma fram till den optimala dimensioneringen. Resultatet visade att den optimala dimensioneringen utgörs av 5 kW solceller och 1 kW vindkraftverk som utgör en positiv lönsam investering med en återbetalning på 4 år och 10 månader samt ett nuvärde på 27 000 USD och en internränta på 20,6 %. Resultatet visade också en förnybar användning på 48,5 % för ett hushåll. Utöver de ekonomiska modellerna gjordes också en känslighetsanalys som indikerade på att förändring av de undersökta parametrarna inte hade tillräckligt stor inverkan på resultatet för att förändra den optimala dimensioneringen. Slutsatsen kan dras att den optimala dimensioneringen är ekonomiskt lönsam och kommer att gynna Sri Lanka mot målet att ha 100 % förnybar energi till 2050. Men även om resultatet visar på lönsam investering är investeringskostnaderna höga, vilket medför att endast ett fåtal skulle kunna ha råd att investera i hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft.
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Celik, Ali Naci. "The system performance and sizing of autonomous pholtovoltaic, wind and the hybrid energy systems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275214.
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Cruz, Daniel Tavares. "Micro e minigeração eólica e solar no Brasil: propostas para desenvolvimento do setor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-04082015-153708/.
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O setor de micro e minigeração de energia elétrica encontra-se num estágio inicial de desenvolvimento no Brasil que pode ser considerado aquém de suas potencialidades em contraste com os recursos energéticos renováveis do país, passados três anos do estabelecimento dos primeiros incentivos de órgãos públicos e privados e da promulgação de regulações específicas voltadas para o setor, indicando uma possível conjuntura atual insuficiente para um crescimento mais consistente e dinâmico. Com tal problemática em vista, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo contribuir no desenvolvimento do setor nacional de micro e minigeração eólica e solar, tecnologias com maior potencial de instalação, apresentando propostas de ações que podem solucionar questões econômicas, técnicas e regulatórias que possivelmente estão dificultando o alcance de um maior equilíbrio de interesses entre os principais agentes envolvidos nesta atividade econômica, ou seja, potenciais usuários, concessionárias de energia, fabricantes e órgãos do governo, aumentando a atratividade e dinamizando os negócios no setor, com benefícios diretamente estendidos ao desenvolvimento do país como um todo. A construção das propostas teve como base o estudo da atual conjuntura e a identificação de possíveis barreiras existentes ao desenvolvimento da micro e minigeração de energia elétrica no Brasil através de análise crítica e mensurável da atual maturidade do setor, isto é, do atual estágio de desenvolvimento e da margem de evolução possível nos aspectos mais relevantes para esta atividade, ou seja, regulações, incentivos, capacidade tecnológica e capacitação profissional. Além disso, observou-se que grande parte dos brasileiros desconhece o tema, porém, depois que cientes do assunto, o percebem como relevante e demonstram disposição significativa para adotar tais sistemas de geração renovável em suas unidades consumidoras. Por fim, avaliou-se que caso ao menos parte das ações descritas nas propostas forem efetivamente implantadas, a perspectiva é que haja uma evolução no ambiente técnico e econômico do setor no país, tornando-o favorável ao desenvolvimento da atividade de micro e minigeração de energia. Espera-se que as propostas apresentadas nesta dissertação possam ser utilizadas como base para trabalhos futuros de instituições governamentais e privadas, fabricantes, centros de pesquisas, universidades e demais interessados no assunto para serem validadas, aperfeiçoadas e detalhadas para um possível estabelecimento no país. Assim, o trabalho apresenta que se houver desenvolvimento de ambiente favorável, o Brasil desponta como país com alto potencial no mercado de micro e minigeração de energia elétrica e que há possibilidades de ações governamentais e privadas, passíveis de discussões e estudos, para fomentar este ambiente.The micro and mini electricity power generation sector is at an early stage of development in Brazil that can be considered below of its potential in contrast to the country renewable energy resources, three years after the establishment of the first public and private incentives and the enacting of specific regulations for the sector, indicating a possible insufficient conjuncture for a more consistent and dynamic growth. Considering this problematic, the purpose of this work is to contribute to the development of national micro and minigeneration industry by wind and solar photovoltaic resources, technologies with greatest potential for being installed currently, presenting action proposals that can solve economic, technical and regulatory issues that possibly are hampering the achievement of a better interests balance between the major players involved in this economic activity, i.e., potential users, distribution companies, manufacturers and government agencies, increasing attractiveness and boosting business in this sector, with benefits directly extended to the environment and to the development of the country as a whole. The construction of the proposals was based on the study of the current situation and identifying possible existing barriers to Brazil micro and minigeneration development through a critical and measurable analysis of the current sector maturity, in other words, the current stage of development and the margin of possible evolution on the most relevant aspects of this activity, i.e., regulations, incentives, technological capacity and workers professional training. Furthermore, it was observed that most Brazilians are not familiarized with this subject, but after aware, they perceive it as relevant and demonstrate significant willingness to adopt such renewable generation systems in their consumer units. Finally, it was evaluated that if at least some of the actions described in the proposals are effectively implemented, the perspective is for a technical and economic environment progress, making it favorable for a micro and minigeneration energy activity development. It is expected that the proposals presented in this thesis can be used as a basis for future works of government and private institutions, manufacturers, research centers, universities and others interested in the subject to validate, improve and detail them for a possible establishment in the country. As a result, the thesis presents that if a favorable environment is developed, Brazil can stand out as a country with high potential in the micro and minigeneration electricity market and that there are possibilities of government and private actions, likely to discussions and studies, to foster this environment.
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Sfetsos, Athanasios. "Time series forecasting of wind speed and solar radiation for renewable energy sources." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313886.
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Iqbal, Fowad. "Generate light with wind power." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21124.
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The report explain the steps taken to improve a product (SOLVINDEN), which uses sun and wind energy to generate light and is used for outdoor decoration. The research involves improvements in both designas well function. As the form follows function in the product functionality of the form is very important in selection of the form. Some of important topics which are considered are different way of using wind to charge batteries, blades profiles and shape, way of optimizing generator, ratio of the optimal solution between of how much wind power is needed tostart charging and charging efficiency. The report also includes differentway of manufacturing, testing and finalizing the right form afteroptimizing. The solar power and the batteries are not in the scope of theproject.
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Tilleman, Suzanne Gladys 1971. "Aligning institutional logics to enhance regional cluster emergence: Evidence from the wind and solar energy industries." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10595.
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xvii, 191 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.For over a century, researchers from diverse intellectual disciplines have tried to explain the emergence of regional business clusters. I contribute to research on cluster emergence by applying an institutional logics framework to model how cluster emergence is influenced by such factors as supportive institutional logics, knowledge spillover, labor pooling, and technological uncertainty. This study is guided by the research question: How do institutions, specifically, varying levels of a congruous institutional logic, affect regional cluster emergence? Using the passage of the 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) as a catalyst for business cluster emergence in the renewable energy sector, this study examines the emergence of wind and solar energy manufacturing clusters. I test hypotheses about the positive influences of a congruous institutional logic across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas to see if the relative prevalence of a congruous institutional logic results in more firms and greater levels of clustering. For example, a pro-environmental sentiment among human populations aligns, or in other words, is congruous, with renewable energy manufacturing. I use fixed effects estimation to test several hypotheses regarding positive direct and moderating effects of institutional alignment on cluster emergence. I find that congruous institutional logics have a positive direct influence on clustering, and as technological uncertainty increases, this positive direct influence is enhanced. I find only partial support for the moderating influence of congruous institutional logics on the positive direct effect of positive externalities on clustering. This study contributes to practice and theory by building a model and supporting hypotheses on the influence of institutional fit on regional cluster emergence.
Committee in charge: Michael Russo, Chairperson, Management; Jennifer Howard-Grenville, Member, Management; Alan Meyer, Member, Management; Glen Waddell, Outside Member, Economics
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Storgärd, Per. "Grid Optimization Of Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Plants : Case Study Of Internal Grid Connections." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319385.
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Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have proven to be a more stable and feasible source of energy than heir single source counterparts. The benefit of HRES is their ability to balance the stochastic behavior of wind and solar production. As result of this, they have been used as stand-alone systems with great success. Optimization studies in the field have shown optimum sizing of the components in the system to be a key element in order to increase feasibility. This paper focuses on the HRES impact on internal grid design and cost. The goal of the thesis is to create a mathematical function and graph on the internal grid design/cost relation for a virtual site with varying wind speed and solar irradiation. A secondary goal is to analyze how much Photovoltaics (PV) in Megawatt (MW) that can be connected to the internal grid post realization of the wind farm and to performed this analyze on the two specific case projects, Site A (17.25 MW) in Sweden and Site B (51.75 MW) in Italy. By utilizing a case study methodology, a mathematical model was created based on two case projects, both with potential to be a combined Wind-PV hybrid plants provided by the wind developer OX2. Identifiers for the two cases studied in this thesis where removed with respect to OX2’s ongoing projects. Hybrid renewable energy systems is a method of increasing the utilization of a regions RES, the system has an increase in overall power output compared to the single RES alternative. However, the internal grid cost was shown to be 3.85 % more expensive Site A and 5.3 % in Site B. This stood in direct correlation to the HRES in Site A using 8.6 % more cable for its internal grid and 29.7 % more in Site B, this is highly depending (depending on the location of the PV array). Furthermore, the case projects showed that the maximum PV to be connected post realization of the farm without major curtailment would be 11.5% of the wind farms rated power in the case of site A and 67.6 % in the case of Site B. Variations in wind speed and solar irradiation were shown to have some impact on grid cost. However, the results pointed out that grid cost in HRES is to a higher degree affected by total cable length in the internal grid than fluctuation in available energy sources. The extent of increase in cable length, the total grid investment cost rises up to 53.4 % for the two case projects.
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Firmansyah, Husni. "Power and Methanol Production from Biomass Combined With Solar and Wind Energy : Analysis and Comparison." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226526.
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The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of an integrated system consisting of biomass-based power generation built-in with carbon capture technology combined with a water electrolysis unit operated by solar cells and wind turbines to produce fuel through the methanol synthesis process. The configurations are examined both technically and economically to determine their feasibility, and subjected to sensitivity analysis to determine their economic viability and optimum performance. Each integrated system has the same subsystems configuration including electrical power generation, electrolysis unit and solar/wind renewable electricity input. Three main system configuration variations for carbon extraction from biomass feedstock have been evaluated, based on pre-CCS in the form of integrated biomass gasification combined cycle (IGCC), in-situ CCS represented by Oxy-fuel combustion concept, and post-CCS via exhaust gas treatment, assuming the same access to woodchip feedstock.Two important substances for methanol production are carbon dioxide coming from biomass and hydrogen supplied by water electrolysis based on intermittent renewable energy sources. Coil evaporation system to provide CO2 separation would perform differently in each system; oxy-fuel, pre-CCS and post-CCS alternatives. Meanwhile, H2 supply is provided by the electrolysis process using water supply and electricity produced from solar and wind power. In addition, the effect of location and uncertainty factors is discussed among the sensitivity studies. The technical analysis shows that with 5 ton/hour of biomass feed, each system configuration could produce up to 5.8 t/h of methanol. On the other hand, the economic analysis shows LCOE of Oxy-fuel and the IGCC approaches the lowest possible to 0.086 €/kWh and 0.1060 respectively; while for the gasification process 689 €/ton methanol is produced. The interest rate risk can deviate from the energy cost up to 16% higher when the interest rate is increased from 8% to 9%.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka genomförbarheten av ett integrerat system bestående av den biomassbaserade kraftproduktionen inbyggd med kolfångteknik och vattenelektrolyssystemet drivs av solceller och vindkraftverk för att producera bränsle genom metanolsyntesprocess. Systemen undersöks både tekniskt och ekonomiskt för att bestämma genomförbarheten av denna studie. Varje system kommer att ha samma delsystemskonfigurationer som består av solenergi-metanol-vatten-elektrolysystem. Tre olika system, baserade på integrerad förgasningskombinerade cykel (IGCC), Syreförbränning och avgasrening utvärderades med samma tillgång till träflis inmatning. Två viktiga ämnen för metanolproduktion är koldioxid (CO2) som kommer från biomassa kraftverk och väte (H2) levereras av vattenelektrolysystem. Kolfångningssystem som ge CO2 till systemet verka olika i varje system; oxy-fuel-CCS, för-CCS och post-CCS koncept. Under tiden tillföras H2-krävande genom vattenselektrolysprocessen med användning av el som producerad från sol- och vindkraft.Dessutom diskuteras effekten av plats- och osäkerhetsfaktorer som känslighetsstudier. Den tekniska analysen visar att med 5 ton / timma utbud av biomassa kan varje system producera upp till 5,8 ton / timma metanol. Å andra sidan visar den ekonomiska analysen LCOE av Oxy-fuel och IGCC kan närma sig lägst möjligt till 0,086 €/kWh respektive 0,1060 €/kWh, medan syngasförgasningen levererar 689 €/ton tillverkat metanol. Osäkerhetsfaktorn av räntesatsen kan deviera energikostnaden upp till 16% högre när räntan ökas från 8% till 9%.
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Beidalah, Chadrick J. Coudray Aaron D. "The technologies and principles needed for the powering of remote nodes in an interoperability network." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FBeidalah.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Buddenberg, Rex. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Power Generation, Remote Network Node, Interoperability Network, Electric Generator, Wind Power, Solar Power, Photovoltaic, Thermoelectric, Energy Storage, Fuel Cell, Hybrid Power, Power Monitoring, Power Management. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-120). Also available in print.
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Aljaism, Wadah A., University of Western Sydney, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Control method for renewable energy generators." THESIS_XXX_EID_Aljaism_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/796.
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This thesis presents a study on the design method to optimise the performance for producing green power from multiple renewable energy generators. The design method is presented through PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) theory. All the digital and analogue inputs are connected to the input cards. According to different operations conditions for each generator, the PLC will image all the inputs and outputs, from these images; a software program has been built to create a control method for multiple renewable energy generators to optimise production of green power. A control voltage will supply the output contractor from each generator via an interface relay. Three renewable generators (wind, solar, battery bank) have been used in the model system and the fourth generator is the back up diesel generator. The priority is for the wind generator due to availability of wind 24 hours a day, then solar, battery bank, and LPG or Diesel generators. Interlocking between the operations of the four contractors has been built to prevent interface between them. Change over between contractors, according to the generator's change over has also been built, so that it will delay supplying the main bus bar to prevent sudden supply to the load. Further study for controlling multiple renewable energy generators for different conditions such as controlling the multi-renewable energy generators from remote, or supplying weather forecast data from bureau of meteorology to the PLC directly as recommended.Master of Electrical Engineering (Hons)
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Sarban, Singh Ranjit Singh. "A design scheme of energy management, control, optimisation system for hybrid solar-wind and battery energy storages system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13788.
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Hybrid renewable energy system was introduced to improve the individual renewable energy power system’s productivity and operation-ability. This circumstance has led towards an extensive technological study and analysis on the hybrid renewable energy system. The extensive technological study is conducted using many different approaches, but in this research the linear programming, artificial intelligence and smart grid approaches are studied. This thesis proposed a complete hardware system development, implementation and construction of real-time DC Hybrid Renewable Energy System for solar-wind-battery energy source integrated with grid network support. The proposed real-time DC HRES hardware system adopts the hybrid renewable energy system concept which is composed of solar photovoltaic, wind energy system, battery energy storage system and grid network support. The real-time DC HRES hardware system research work is divided into three stages. Stage 1 involves modelling and simulation of the proposed system using MATLAB Simulink/Stateflow software. During this stage, system’s methodological design and development is emphasised. The obtained results are considered as fundamental finding to design, develop, integrate, implement and construct the real-time DC HRES hardware system. Stage II is designing and developing the electronic circuits for the real-time DC HRES hardware system using PROTEUS software. Real time simulation is performed on the electronic circuits to study and analyse the circuit’s behaviour. This stage also involves embedded software application development for the microcontroller PIC16F877A. Thus, continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm is developed and incorporated into microcontroller PIC16F877A. Next, electronic circuits and continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm are integrated with the microcontroller PIC16F877A as a real-time DC HRES hardware system to perform real time simulation. The real-time DC HRES hardware system simulation results are studied, analysed and compared with the results obtained in Stage 1. Any indifference between the obtained results in Stage 1 and Stage 2 are analysed and necessary changes are made. Stage 3 involves integrating, implementation and construction of real-time DC HRES. The continuous dynamic decision-making algorithm is also incorporated into the real microcontroller PCI16F877A development board. Real-time DC HRES’s experimental results have successfully demonstrated the system’s ability to perform supervision, coordination, management and control of all the available energy sources with lease dependency on the grid network. The obtained results demonstrated the energy management and optimisation of the available energy sources as primary power source deliver.
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RANAWEERA, CHAMINDA. "Electric Power System of an Emergency Energy Module." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-109304.
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Abstract This thesis study is on designing and analysing the “Electric Power System of an Emergency Energy Module”. KTH is running a project to create a mobile system for power supply in refugee camps and during the recovery of natural disasters. This is an independent power system comprising solar, wind and biomass based power generations and control. The design and analysis of electric power system is mainly focused on increasing the renewable energy efficiency of the system while saving excess power on the battery bank and controlling the battery discharging. The analysis of the designed electric power system is done with using actual site data of solar irradiation and wind for one week period. Further, it has been developed a program based on MS Excel for analysing the module performances at any site in the world. Keywords: Emergency Energy Module; Integration of wind and solar PVEmergency Energy Module Project
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Erasmus, Zenville. "Smart renewable energy : architectures, dimensioning and monitoring." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5525.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Smart Renewable Energy project at the University of The Western Cape, under the guidance of the Intelligent Systems and Advanced Telecommunication (ISAT) group, aims at developing a dynamic system that enables users to (1) design smart architectures for next generation wind and solar systems to meet African power challenges (2) use these architectures to dimension the underlying solar and wind power systems and (3) simulate, implement and evaluate the performance of such power systems. The project's existing web and mobile monitoring system will undergo a much needed upgrade to cater for monitoring of the existing system's environmental and battery bank parameters. This will be implemented by allowing users to monitor input, storage and output trends over various time frames. These time frames would include hourly, daily, weekly and monthly readings. The visual evaluation of the system will be generated by mathematical, statistical and machine learning techniques. Trends will be discovered that will allow users to optimize the system's efficiency and their usage patterns. The accompanied dimensioning system will allow users to cater for their needs in a two way fashion. Users will be able to specify the number of devices that they want to run from a solar or wind based system and their power needs will be generated. They will also be able to determine what a given system is capable of producing and the number of devices that can be used simultaneously, as a result.
National Research Foundation (NRF) and Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund (NSFAF)
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Ilundain, Fermín Aitor, and Ana Surribas. "Feasibility of alternatives to provide energy to a countryside single family house in Lulea." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10060.
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After enjoying one week in the Swedish Lapland, the idea of providing energy to one of those isolated cabins in the far landscape caught our attention. Nowadays, there still exist many dwellings, usually located in rural isolated sites, which have no easy access or even no possibility to get connected to the distribution and transport electricity grids. This situation may cause some inconvenience to the owners, therefore, the interest in finding new alternatives for supplying electricity. Such a problem requires specific solutions, including the development of electrification programs in those countryside isolated spots. Thus, the present project intends to perform a study which would provide the proper electric system to a summerhouse in the North of Sweden. Regarding the current European environmental politics and considering the rural location of the dwelling of study, the project will focus on various renewable alternatives to reach the above mentioned goal. In fact, Sweden has the greatest share of renewable energies in all European Union countries with a fixed goal of reaching 50% of its total energy production by renewable sources by the year 2020. For the present moment, Sweden already accounts for 9.4 GWh on solar energy production and 3.5 TWh on wind power production by the end of 2010. Therefore, the study will build on these alternatives as they represent two of the most extensively developed renewable possibilities in the country. Thereby, the first objective of the project was to determine a concrete location considering both our initial idea and the possibility of obtaining the wind speed and solar radiation data. A plot located 20 km to the north of Lulea was finally chosen. Then, once having the necessary baseline data comes the sizing of the different alternative: stand alone wind turbine system, stand alone PV system and a hybrid system combining wind power with the support of an electric generator. No option including grid connection is taken into consideration due to the lack of accessibility. Finally, it is performed an economic study of each alternative that would lead to a clear conclusion of which is the most appropriate choice in the study case. Economic criteria will therefore be the most significant factor when choosing the optimum alternative. However, environmental issues would also be taken into account. As no traditional electrification is studied, the economic analysis will not refer to the obtained monetary savings regarding to the grid connected option but will be performed by comparing initial investments. After all, it is concluded that the studied dwelling will be electrified by a hybrid system combining wind power with an electric generator. The system includes a 20 kW wind turbine and a diesel fueled generator with 8 kW power service. The generator will provide the required energy to the house during those days when the wind resource is not capable to cover the demand. Therefore, the lack of electricity supply will be avoided. Regarding investment costs of the chosen alternative, the hybrid system accounts for 20,729€ investment, which corresponds to about 40% the total price of both solar and wind stand alone systems. . Considering environmental criteria, the hybrid system only requires 23 diesel liters to be burned during the six summer months. Therefore, emissions due to combustion are relatively low and not considered as damaging. So, the chosen alternative meets both economical and environmental requirements.
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Campos, Victor Arruda Ferraz de. "Aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais de sistemas híbridos aplicados em edificações familiares e propriedades rurais /." Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183561.
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Orientador: José Luz SilveiraResumo: Nesse trabalho são apresentadas propostas de sistemas híbridos de geração de energia (SHGE) para o fornecimento de energia elétrica. O Caso 1 propõe um SHGE conectado à rede elétrica (on-grid) para atender a demanda elétrica de edifícios urbanos. O Caso 2 propõe um SHGE aplicado a áreas rurais com disponibilidade de rede elétrica local. O Caso 3 considera uma propriedade rural sem rede elétrica local, portanto propõe-se um SHGE com armazenamento de energia (off-grid). Os três casos são analisados em termos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais para três cidades brasileiras: Fortaleza (CE), Guaratinguetá (SP) e Florianópolis (SC). Para o dimensionamento do SHGE, desenvolve-se um algoritmo de otimização cuja função objetivo é a minimização do custo de geração de energia elétrica. Utiliza-se o software LINGO para a determinação da solução ótima do arranjo SHGE para cada caso. A análise econômica leva em consideração os custos de investimento, operação e manutenção para determinação do período de retorno (payback) e da receita anual esperada. A análise ambiental é feita através do cálculo da eficiência ecológica dos sistemas de geração de energia estudados. Os resultados mostram que o Caso 2 – SHGE on-grid: Propriedade Rural possui o menor período de retorno de investimento, entre 1 e 2 anos. Para todos os casos, a cidade de Fortaleza é onde evidencia-se o menor custo de investimento dos SHGE e, consequentemente, menor custo de geração de eletricidade dada seus elevados potenciais en... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz [UNESP]. "Desempenho de um sistema híbrido eólico-fotovoltaico de pequeno porte para energização rural." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101808.
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siqueira_jac_dr_botfca.pdf: 1139206 bytes, checksum: fa362c8ed41f1611714cccd53dfd49ca (MD5)A geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis começou a apresentar maior interesse a partir da crise do petróleo na década de 70. De lá pra cá, entre outros recursos energéticos renováveis, a utilização do potencial da energia solar e eólica tem crescido significativamente. A integração de sistemas de geração eólica e fotovoltaica com armazenamento de energia em baterias tem-se apresentado como uma forma de geração em que os problemas decorrentes da variabilidade na intensidade da energia eólica e solar, tornam-se possíveis de mitigação, seja pela complementação entre uma fonte e outra, ou pela maior estabilidade configurada à geração do sistema. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho um sistema híbrido de energia eólico-fotovoltaico de pequeno porte, para a eletrificação de uma propriedade rural, avaliando-se o efeito das variáveis climáticas sobre a produção energética do sistema. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Energização Rural do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da UNESP-FCA. Para a realização do trabalho, foi instalado um sistema híbrido (solar + eólico), composto por um aerogerador e um painel fotovoltaico, complementado por uma bateria para armazenamento da energia elétrica gerada, controlador de carga e inversor de tensão. O sistema foi configurado para atender as cargas de uma pequena residência rural. Para avaliação das características do potencial da energia solar e eólica, utilizaram-se os dados de uma estação meteorológica instalada no local. Um sistema de aquisição de dados foi programado para coletar os parâmetros meteorológicos e elétricos do experimento a cada 10 segundos, apresentando a média dos valores coletados a cada 5 minutos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada durante um ano, diuturnamente, para avaliar a influência das horas...
The electric energy generation from renewable sources, began to present larger interest in the petroleum crisis in 1970 decade. Since then, among other renewable energy resources, the use of the solar energy and wind energy potential have been growing significantly. The integration of wind and photovoltaic generation systems has been presenting as a generation form where the current problems of the variability in the wind and solar energy intensity, become possible of mitigation due to the complementation of both a sources, or for the larger stability given to the generation system. Based in this context, this work had the objective of evaluating a small wind-photovoltaic hybrid energy system for a rural electrification, with the evaluation of the climatic variables effect on the system energy production. The work was developed in the Laboratory of Rural Electrification of the UNESP-FCA Rural Engineering Department. For the accomplishment of the work, a small wind-photovoltaic hybrid system was installed, composed by an wind generator and a photovoltaic panel, complemented with a battery for the generated electric energy storage, a charge controller and an inverter. The system was configured for small rural residence load supply. For solar and wind energy potential characteristics evaluation, the data of a meteorological station installed in the place were used. A data acquisition system was programmed to collect the meteorological and electric parameters of the experiment every 10 seconds, calculating the average values collected every 5 minutes. The data collection was carried out during one year, daily, to evaluate the influence of the day hours and of the seasons changes on the hybrid system energy generation and its components. The collected data were integrated, and it was determined the values of the solar energy, wind energy, photovoltaic generation, wind generation and hybrid system...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Al-zoheiry, Ahmed M. "Modeling a drip irrigation system powered by a renewable energy source." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164762929.
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Bekele, Getachew. "Study into the Potential and Feasibility of a Standalone Solar-Wind Hybrid Electric Energy Supply System." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11799.
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The tendency to use renewable energy resources has grown continuouslyover the past few decades, be it due to fear over warnings of globalwarming or because of the depletion and short life of fossil fuels or evenas a result of the interest which has developed among researchers doingscientific research into it. This work can be considered as joining any ofthese groups with an objective of giving electric light to the poorpopulation living in one of the poorest nations in the world.The aim of the work is to investigate supplying electric energy fromsolar-wind hybrid resources to remotely located communities detachedfrom the main grid line in Ethiopia. The communities in mind are one oftwo types; the first is the majority of the poor population residing in thecountryside; and the other is people relocated by the Government fromthe over used and dry regions to relatively productive and fertile ones inline with the long-term poverty reduction plan.The work was begun by investigating wind energy and solar energypotentials at four geographically different locations in Ethiopia bycompiling data from different sources and analyzing it using a softwaretool. The locations are Addis Ababa (09:02N, 038:42E), Mekele (13:33N,39:30E), Nazret (08:32N, 039:22E), and Debrezeit (8:44N, 39:02E).The results related to wind energy potential are given in terms of themonthly Average wind speed, the wind speed probability densityfunction (PDF), the wind speed cumulative density function (CDF), thewind speed duration curve (DC), and power density plots for all fourselected sites. According to the results obtained through the analysis, thewind energy potential, even if it is not exceptional, is irrefutably highenough to be exploited for generating electric energy.The solar energy potential, based on sunshine duration data collectedover a period of 7 - 11 years and radiation data obtained from differentsources, has been calculated using regression coefficients specific to thesites in question. Based on the sunshine duration data, the monthlyaverage daily sunshine amount for each of the places has also beencomputed and given in a form of plot. Through additional work on theresults of the calculations, the solar energy potential has been given inthe form of solar radiation plots for each of the selected sites. Asexpected, the results indicated an abundance of solar energy potential.It is based on the promising findings of these two energy resourcepotentials, wind and solar, that the feasibility study for a standalonesolar-wind hybrid energy supply system has proceeded, targeting thecommunity mentioned earlier. The hybrid system consisted of Windturbine, Photovoltaic panel, diesel generator and a bank of batteries, witha power conditioning converter included in the system.The hybrid standalone supply system is intended to provide electricity toa model community of 200 families with five to six family members ineach. The community is equipped with a primary load, a deferrable load,a community school and a health post. An electric load which includeslighting, water pumping, a radio receiver, and some clinical equipmenthas been suggested. Hybrid Optimization Model for ElectricRenewables, HOMER, software has been used for the analysis. Theaverage wind speed and average solar radiation calculated from the datafor all of the selected sites has been used to input into the software.The hybrid system design is approached in three different ways. The firstapproach is to include within the hybrid system those components whichare locally available, without giving special attention to their efficienciesand proceed with the design work. The second approach is tothoroughly search the market for the best and most efficienttechnological products and to select the best components for theanalysis. A third approach considered in an attempt of cost minimizationis to see if a self-contained type of design can be a better solution. Whatthis means is every household will have its own supply system that mayconsist of any combination of PV and wind turbine including converter,battery and charge controller.After running the simulations, lists of power supply systems have beengenerated, sorted according to their net present cost. Sensitivity variables,such as range of wind speeds, range of radiation levels and diesel pricehave been defined as inputs into the software and the optimizationprocess has been carried out repeatedly for the sensitivity variables andthe results have been refined accordingly.QC 20100623
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Bernal, Jonathas Luiz de Oliveira. "Modelagem para o aproveitamento sustentável dos biocombustíveis, energia eólica e solar dentro do PIR local: estudo de caso do PIR da Região de Araçatuba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-27092010-132126/.
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O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar os recursos energéticos eólico, solar e biocombustíveis disponíveis na Região Administrativa de Araçatuba, através da metodologia de Planejamento Integrado de Recursos Energéticos, que busca sistematizar e qualificar os impactos inerentes à utilização energética integrando a oferta e a demanda e buscando o menor custo completo considerando as características de cada recurso energético nas dimensões ambiental, social, política e técnico-econômica. Trabalhando com a Previsão de Demanda para os cenários energéticos Tendencial, Sustentável, Otimista e Sustentável-Primoroso para a integração dos Recursos energéticos ao longo do Tempo e considerando os Vigilantes do Mapeamento Energoambiental, buscando o atendimento de demanda local e de exportação de energia. Permitindo assim concluir que os recursos energéticos considerados poderão atender os requerimentos da demanda em todos os cenários, porém com a possibilidade de esgotamento em determinados cenários com horizonte de planejamento maiores que 30 anos.The aims of this work is to evaluate the wind power, solar energy resources and biofuels available in Araçatuba through integrated resources planning methodology, which seeks to systemize and qualify the impacts associated with the use of energy by integrating supply and demand and seeking the lowest full-cost recital characteristics of each energy resource in environmental, social, political and technical-economic dimensions. Working with the demand forecast for trend, sustainable energy scenarios, optimistic and sustainable-prime as a PIN for the integration of energy resources over time, and considering the vigilant of Energy-environmental parameters, fetching mapping meeting local demand and export of energy. Thus conclude that the energy resources considered may meet the requirements of demand in all scenarios, but with the possibility of exhaustion in certain scenarios with planning horizon larger than 30 years.
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Batunlu, Canras. "Thermal characterisation and reliability analysis of power electronic devices in wind and solar energy systems." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617153/.
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Power electronic converters (PECs) are used for conditioning the flow of energy between renewable energy applications and grid or stand-alone connected loads. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are critical components used as switching devices in PECs. IGBTs are multi-layered devices made of different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based materials. In wind and solar energy applications, IGBT’s reliability is highly influenced by the operating conditions such as variable wind speed and solar irradiance. Power losses occur in switching transient of high current/voltage which causes temperature fluctuations among the layers of the IGBTs. This is the main stress mechanism which accelerates deterioration and eventual failures among IGBT layers due to the dissimilar CTEs. Therefore, proper thermal monitoring is essential for accurate estimation of PECs reliability and end lifetime. Several thermal models have been proposed in literature, which are not capable of representing accurate temperature profiles among multichip IGBTs. These models are mostly derived from offline modelling approaches which cannot take operating conditions and control mechanisms of PECs into account and unable to represent actual heat path among each chip. This research offers an accurate and powerful electro thermal and reliability monitoring tool for such devices. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) IGBT models are implemented using COMSOL, by considering complex heat interactions among each layer. Based on the obtained thermal characteristics, electro thermal and thermo mechanical models were developed in SIMULINK to determine the thermal behaviour of each layer and provide total lifetime consumption analysis. The developed models were verified by real-time (RT) experiments using dSPACE environment. New materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) devices, were found to exhibit approximately 20°C less thermal profile compared to conventional silicon IGBTs. For PECs used within wind energy systems, PECs driving algorithms were derived within the proposed models and by adjusting switching frequency PECs cycling temperatures were reduced by 12°C which led to a significant reduction in thermal stress; approximately 27 MPa. Total life consumption for the proposed method was calculated as 3.26x10-5 which is approximately 1x10-5 less compared to the other both methods. Effects of maximum power tracking algorithms, used in photovoltaic solar systems, on thermal stress were also explored. The converter’s thermal cycling was found approximately 3 °C higher with the IC algorithm. The steady state temperature was 52.7°C for the IC while it was 42.6 °C for P&O. In conclusion, IC algorithm offers more accurate tracking accuracy; however, this is on the expense of harsher thermal stress which has led to approximately 1.4 times of life consumption compared to P&O under specific operating conditions.
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Benham, William T. Cabral Noel J. "The role of the Department of Defense (DoD) in solar energy research, development and diffusion." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483508.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008."Advisor(s): Dew, Nicholas ; Ventresca, Marc. "June 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on August 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-97). Also available in print.
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Pina, Aline Petean [UNESP]. "Singular value analyses of voltage stability on power system considering wind generation variability." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123670.
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000829840.pdf: 752028 bytes, checksum: 705e35361954fbc4b3820623ecfcc0a8 (MD5)Os sistemas de transmissão em todo o mundo, que foram projetados e construídos para operar, predominantemente, com geração síncrona convencional, como a geração hídrica. Entretanto, agora se faz necessária a integração de energia renovável, tais como a energia eólica e energia solar. Estes geradores de energias renováveis estão localizados em locais ricos em recursos, causando uma injeções de potência em sistemas de transmissão, submetendo-os a indevidos esforços e obrigando-os a operar em novos pontos de operação. Em muitos sistemas de transmissão, a capacidade de integração se aproximou do limite, sendo necessárias atualizações para acomodar uma maior penetração de geração eólica. Os exemplos podem ser vistas na Alemanha, Ontario (Canadá) e Texas. Nestas situações, onde as capacidades do sistema de transmissão estão próximas do limite de operação, é importante para avaliar a estabilidade de tensão, considerando (a) a geração eólica e (b) possível efeito da incerteza na previsão. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma abordagem sistemática para estabilidade de tensão. Com a utilização de um algoritmo de fluxo de potência ótimo e da construção da matriz hessiana, será determinada a relação entre as mudanças nos valores mínimos singulares do sistema Jacobiano e as mudanças na injeção de potência no barramento em tempo real. Esta relação é usada para examinar o efeito da incerteza da previsão de energia eólica na estabilidade de tensão. O método proposto é usado para estudar os efeitos da incerteza sobre a estabilidade de tensão dos sistemas 6-barras, 57-barras e 118-barras do IEEE; do Sistema Sul Brasileiro reduzido e também foi usado um sistema real 600 barras. Os resultados são detalhados nesta tese
Transmission Systems worldwide, that were designed and built to operate with predominantly conventional synchronous generation, are advancing to integrate large amounts of renewable energy generators. These renewable generators are sited at resource-rich locations, causing a geographical shift in power injections into transmission systems, subjecting them to undue stress and making them operate in new states. In many transmission systems, capacities to integrate wind resource are exhausted or are being upgraded to accommodate higher wind generation penetration. Examples may be seen in Germany, Ontario (Canada) and Texas. In these situations, where transmission system capacities have been reached, it is important to assess voltage stability by considering (a) wind generation and (b) possible effect of uncertainty in forecast. In this work, a systematic approach of studying voltage stability is proposed. Using an optimal power flow algorithm, the Hessianmatrix of power balance equations is determined that relates changes in minimum singular values of system Jacobian to changes in bus-wise real power injections. This relationship is used to examine effect of uncertainty of wind power forecast on voltage stability. The proposed method is used to study the effects of uncertainty on system voltage stability of 6-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus IEEE and 45-bus South Brazilian test systems, for the real analyses is used 600-bus and results are reported. Considering the simplification of computation, the proposed method has a clear advantage compared to the conventional Jacobian technique using repeated OPF solutions
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Pina, Aline Petean. "Singular value analyses of voltage stability on power system considering wind generation variability /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123670.
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Orientador: Percival Bueno de AraujoCo-orientador: Bala Venkatesh
Banca: Dilson Amancio Alves
Banca: Fábio Bertequini Leão
Banca: Gideon Villar Leandro
Banca: Marcos Amorielle Furini
Resumo: Os sistemas de transmissão em todo o mundo, que foram projetados e construídos para operar, predominantemente, com geração síncrona convencional, como a geração hídrica. Entretanto, agora se faz necessária a integração de energia renovável, tais como a energia eólica e energia solar. Estes geradores de energias renováveis estão localizados em locais ricos em recursos, causando uma injeções de potência em sistemas de transmissão, submetendo-os a indevidos esforços e obrigando-os a operar em novos pontos de operação. Em muitos sistemas de transmissão, a capacidade de integração se aproximou do limite, sendo necessárias atualizações para acomodar uma maior penetração de geração eólica. Os exemplos podem ser vistas na Alemanha, Ontario (Canadá) e Texas. Nestas situações, onde as capacidades do sistema de transmissão estão próximas do limite de operação, é importante para avaliar a estabilidade de tensão, considerando (a) a geração eólica e (b) possível efeito da incerteza na previsão. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma abordagem sistemática para estabilidade de tensão. Com a utilização de um algoritmo de fluxo de potência ótimo e da construção da matriz hessiana, será determinada a relação entre as mudanças nos valores mínimos singulares do sistema Jacobiano e as mudanças na injeção de potência no barramento em tempo real. Esta relação é usada para examinar o efeito da incerteza da previsão de energia eólica na estabilidade de tensão. O método proposto é usado para estudar os efeitos da incerteza sobre a estabilidade de tensão dos sistemas 6-barras, 57-barras e 118-barras do IEEE; do Sistema Sul Brasileiro reduzido e também foi usado um sistema real 600 barras. Os resultados são detalhados nesta tese
Abstract: Transmission Systems worldwide, that were designed and built to operate with predominantly conventional synchronous generation, are advancing to integrate large amounts of renewable energy generators. These renewable generators are sited at resource-rich locations, causing a geographical shift in power injections into transmission systems, subjecting them to undue stress and making them operate in new states. In many transmission systems, capacities to integrate wind resource are exhausted or are being upgraded to accommodate higher wind generation penetration. Examples may be seen in Germany, Ontario (Canada) and Texas. In these situations, where transmission system capacities have been reached, it is important to assess voltage stability by considering (a) wind generation and (b) possible effect of uncertainty in forecast. In this work, a systematic approach of studying voltage stability is proposed. Using an optimal power flow algorithm, the Hessianmatrix of power balance equations is determined that relates changes in minimum singular values of system Jacobian to changes in bus-wise real power injections. This relationship is used to examine effect of uncertainty of wind power forecast on voltage stability. The proposed method is used to study the effects of uncertainty on system voltage stability of 6-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus IEEE and 45-bus South Brazilian test systems, for the real analyses is used 600-bus and results are reported. Considering the simplification of computation, the proposed method has a clear advantage compared to the conventional Jacobian technique using repeated OPF solutions
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Luta, Doudou Nanitamo. "Modelling of hybrid solar wind integrated generation systems in an electrical distribution network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1177.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014The research in this thesis deals with the application of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices in the modelling of power systems. More particularly, we have presented the modelling hybrid photovoltaic wind integrated in an electrical distribution network using SysML (System Modelling Language) which is a modelling language in support of MBSE. MBSE refers to a formalised practice of systems development through the application of modelling principles, methods, languages and tools to the entire lifecycle of a system. Generally speaking, the modelling of power systems is performed using software such as Matlab Simulink, DigSilent, PowerWorld etc. These software programs allow modelling of a system considering only a specific viewpoint, depending on the objective that is to be assessed. The advantage of the SysML over the above mentioned modelling languages lies from the fact that SysML includes different viewpoints of a system. These views are known as the Four Pillars of SysML. Pillar One refers to the requirements of a system and includes all the functional and non-functional requirements. Pillar Two deals with the structure representation of a system by considering all its subsystems and their different connections. Pillar Three considers the behaviour of a system and includes its activities, sequences and different states. The last Pillar includes the detailed characteristics, physical laws and constraints on the system. The main objectives of this research are the development of models which will include: the system’s requirements; the system’s structure representation in term of different entities involved and the relationship between them; the system’s behaviours in terms of activities in different cases considered and transitions from one state to another as well as the interaction between the system and all the stakeholders. Keywords: Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), System Modelling Language (SysML), Renewable Energy systems, Hybrid power systems, photovoltaic systems, wind power systems.
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King, Sebastian, and Per Wettergren. "Feasibility Study of Renewable Energy in Singapore." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41558.
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Singapore is a country that is currently highly dependent on import of oil and gas. In order to be able to shift into a more sustainable energy system, Singapore is investing in research regarding different technologies and systems so as to establish more sustainable energy solutions. Seeing how air-conditioning accounts for approximately 30 % of Singapore’s total energy consumption, a feasibility study is being conducted on whether an integrated system using a thermally active building system (TABS) and desiccant evaporative cooling system (DECS) can replace the air-conditioning system. The question which is to be discussed in this thesis is whether solar and wind power can be financially feasible in Singapore and if they can be utilized in order to power the integrated system. The approaching model consists of a financial feasibility study of the different technologies and a theoretical test-bedding, where the suitability of the technologies to power the TABS and DECS is tested. The financial feasibility is estimated by calculating the payback period and using the net present value method. A model designed in a digital modeling software is used for the test-bedding. Measurements from a local weather station are used for estimating the solar radiance and wind speeds in Singapore. The results show that solar PV panels could be feasible in Singapore but that technological improvements as well as governmental subsidies are needed in order to make it profitable enough to attract investors. As for wind power, the wind conditions are not favorable enough, in terms of wind speed and wind frequencies, for small wind turbines that currently exist on the market to be able generate enough electricity to make the investment somewhat feasible. Solar thermal collectors and solar PV are given certain conditions suitable for powering the TABS and DECS.
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Dallyn, Paul A. "Advances in foundation design and assessment for strategic renewable energy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24100.
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In order to meet EU legislation on emissions, significant effort is being invested into the development of cost-effective renewable power generation technologies. The two leading technologies are solar and wind power because of their potential for the lowest levelised cost of energy and for showing a growth in installed capacity and technological development. Various research findings have suggested that significant cost savings in the capital expenditure of renewable energy projects can be made through the optimisation of their support foundations, the understanding of which has formed the main goal of the research.
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Galindo, Joaci. "Uma abordagem sobre a implantação de sistemas energéticos solares e eólicos em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1114.
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This work is based on bibliographical research with approach in alternative sources and renewable of energy in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, especially solar and wind. The state is pioneering in the use and development of research involving energy proceeding from the sun and the winds. In the construction of this work, we verify that the majority of the projects of electric generation involving the use of photovoltaics solar panels, over all the installed ones in the region of the hinterland, function precariously or simply they are disactivated. The projects referring to the use of the wind energy, are only available in the city of Olinda and the Island of Fernando de Noronha, with power generated considered irrelevant in the state energy balance. With the mapping of these renewable sources in the state, has been possible to show that the question of the energetic sustainability and environmental is something still utopian, in the actual structure of electric generation available. The environmental degradation relative to the energy question, is more directly related to the use of the biomass, mainly of the firewood, that participates with considerable numbers in the state energy matrix. In this study, we also treat of the implications related with the use of the energy, before only concern of environmentalists and scientists. Without an internal energy policy, especially directed to the research, development and use of renewable energies, Pernambuco gives to signals of that walks for a not sustainable way of development, with serious implications to the environment, over all in some economically active polar regions of the state. Finally, we conclude by the importance of the opening from debate about existing renewable energy potential, exactly with emphasis only in the deriving electric generation of biomass, solar and wind.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho está baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica focada no estudo de fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia no estado de Pernambuco, especialmente solar e eólica. Esta unidade da federação é pioneira no uso e desenvolvimento de pesquisas envolvendo energia proveniente do sol e dos ventos. Na construção deste trabalho, verifica-se que a maioria dos projetos de geração elétrica envolvendo o uso de painéis solares fotovoltaicos, sobretudo os instalados na região do sertão, funcionam precariamente ou simplesmente estão desativados. Os projetos referentes ao uso da energia eólica estão apenas disponíveis na cidade de Olinda e na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, com potência gerada considerada irrelevante no balanço energético do estado. Com o mapeamento destas fontes renováveis no estado, tem sido possível mostrar que a questão da sustentabilidade energética e ambiental é algo ainda utópica, considerando a estrutura de geração elétrica disponível. A degradação ambiental relativa à questão energética, está mais diretamente relacionada ao uso da biomassa, principalmente lenha, que participa com números consideráveis na matriz energética estadual. Neste estudo, também tratamos das implicações ambientais relacionadas com o uso da energia, antes preocupação apenas de ambientalistas e cientistas. Sem uma política energética interna, especialmente voltada à pesquisa, desenvolvimento e uso de energias renováveis, Pernambuco dá sinais de que caminha por uma via não sustentável de desenvolvimento, com graves implicações ao meio ambiente, sobretudo em alguns pólos economicamente ativos do estado. Por fim, conclui-se com a importância da abertura do debate sobre o potencial energético renovável existente, mesmo com ênfase apenas na geração elétrica oriunda de energia de biomassa, solar e eólica.
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Marques, Gonçalo Filipe Tavares. "O peso das FER (Fontes de Energias Renováveis) no setor elétrico em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21008.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO setor energético e as fontes de energia renováveis têm cada vez mais um papel fundamental. O conceito de energia tornou-se crucial para as diversas nações, uma vez que esta é considerada como um dos motores que poderá levar ao desenvolvimento e ao progresso das economias. Deste modo, é relevante procurar entender se as novas FER vêm substituir ou complementar as já existentes e se Portugal se encontra num bom caminho neste setor, visto ser considerado um país com várias condições favoráveis às energias renováveis. Após uma breve introdução sobre o setor energético, as fontes de energia renováveis e o aparecimento do conceito de energia, seguir-se-á uma análise da aposta renovável em Portugal, através das várias fases que permitiram chegar ao status energético atual no país. No último capítulo, analisa-se o peso das FER no setor energético em Portugal e quais as expectativas de evolução futura.
The energy sector and renewable energy sources are playing an increasing key role. The concept of energy has become crucial for the various nations, since it is considered as one of the engines that can lead to the development and progress of economies. Therefore, it is relevant trying to understand if the new RES will replace or complement the existing ones and if Portugal is on a good path in this sector, since it is recognized as a country with several favorable conditions for renewable energy. After a brief introduction on the energy sector, renewable energy sources and the emergence of the energy concept, an analysis of the renewable bet in Portugal will follow, through the various phases until we will try to explain the current Energy Status. In the last chapter, we will demonstrate the weight of RES in the energy sector in Portugal and what are the prospects for the future, before the final considerations.
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Verma, Suruchi. "Comparative Analysis of Wind, Solar and Landfill Gases as Alternative Sources of Energy for Electricity Generation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1262.
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The document reviews the current and projected electricity demand until the year 2030 along with the fuel mix. Several projections based on different agencies were studied in order to understand the trend of fuel mix projected to be used. Clearly, the fuel mix being used or projected is unsustainable. Depletion of fossil fuels, increasing demand and environmental impacts are some of the factors that emphasize the use of Alternative Sources of Electricity. Three of the upcoming Alternative Sources - Solar, Wind and Landfill Gases - are discussed and compared in the document. Based on the comparison, Landfill Gas projects seem to be very favorable, despite the higher costs related with such projects, several advantages over the other two Alternative Sources are discussed in the document. The several advantages of Landfill Gas projects, such as emissions reduction, better power quality, reduction in transmission losses, and several others are discussed in the document
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Ershad, Ahmad Murtaza. "Potential of Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Power Plants in Meeting Electricity Demand in Afghanistan." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398944251.
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Jordaan, G. "Renewable energy and the availability of water in a future South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/306.
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Published ArticleThe world is increasingly being misused by its inhabitants by the wasteful manner that its resources are utilized and the amount of pollution that is generated in the environment. This practice is unsustainable and it is incumbent on the present generation of decision-makers to rectify this phenomenon if our descendants are to have an opportunity to live life in the same manner as we do. Special emphasis should be placed on a reduction in the amount of air pollution that is created by electrical power generating plants, as well as the manner in which potable water is utilized and wasted. In this article the local situation with respect to the generation and use of electrical energy and water is discussed. It is encouraging to see that the National Government is taking strong steps to address these problems. Yet, it might not have the required ability to finance these efforts fully.
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Avella, Ruiz Jorge Mario [UNESP]. "Aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais da implementação de energia eólica e solar fotovoltaica em edifícios." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143418.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Atualmente, governos de todo o mundo estão se preocupando pelos efeitos das economias, indústrias e políticas no meio ambiente, criando regulações para fomentar a utilização de tecnologias menos poluidoras. No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) é o ente federal de promover a implementação de fontes renováveis para a geração de eletricidade. A ANEEL mediante a resolução Nº 482/2012 permite aos usuários finais a instalação de tecnologias renováveis para produzir eletricidade para suas cargas elétricas, incrementando assim a porcentagem de energias alternativas na matriz energética nacional, considerando também os projetos renováveis de grande escala. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo para conhecer a viabilidade da implementação de sistemas híbridos de geração de energia elétrica (SHGEEE) em edifícios, utilizando energia eólica e solar fotovoltaica. A metodologia para a análise técnica consistiu em obter o consumo de energia elétrica de edifícios residenciais de baixa, média e alta renda no Brasil, para assim com base nos recursos eólicos e solares de Fortaleza (CE) e Lagoa Santa (MG), realizar o balanço energético anual e desta forma dimensionar os SHGEE para seis cenários estudados. Baseado nos resultados técnicos, a metodologia econômica analisou a viabilidade financeira de implementar no Brasil os seis SHGEE dimensionados utilizando engenharia econômica para conhecer o investimento dos projetos, os custos da energia elétrica gerada pelas plantas híbridas e o período de retorno do investimento. A análise ambiental fundamentou-se em determinar a quantidade de dióxido de carbono economizado e a eficiência ecológica de cada cenário estudado considerando as fontes de energia da rede elétrica. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os SHGEE são capazes de fornecer a eletricidade para as cargas do edifício. Os períodos de retorno do investimento dos seis SHGEE dimensionados se encontram dentro da vida útil das plantas. Em termos ambientais, as tecnologias utilizadas nos SHGEE não são totalmente não poluentes, no entanto, comparando com outras fontes de energia, estas têm baixo impacto ambiental. Conclui-se, que as aplicações de energia renováveis para edifícios são viáveis técnica, econômica e ambientalmente no Brasil.
Nowadays, governments around the world are worried about the effects of economies, industries and environment policies, making them to create regulations to encourage the use of less polluting technologies. In Brazil, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) is the federal entity to promote the implementation of renewable sources for generating electricity. ANEEL Resolution No. 482/2012 allows end users to install renewable energy sources to produce electricity for their electrical charges, increasing the percentage of alternative energy in the national energy matrix, in addition of renewable projects of large scale. In this work was made a study to know the feasibility of implementing hybrid electricity generation systems SHGEE in buildings, using wind power and solar photovoltaic energy. The methodology for the technical analysis consisted in obtaining the electricity consumption of a low, medium and high income residential building in Brazil, thus based on wind and solar resources in Fortaleza (Ceara State) and Lagoa Santa (Minas Gerais State), performing annual energy balance for dimensioning SHGEE for six scenarios studied. Considering the technical results, the economic methodology analyzed the financial feasibility of implementing in Brazil six SHGEE sized applying economic engineering and determining the project investments, the costs of electricity generated by hybrid plants and the payback period of the investment. In the environmental analysis determined the amount of carbon dioxide saved and the ecological efficiency of each scenario studied considering the sources of utility grid. The results showed that SHGEE are capable of supplying electricity to loads of the building. It is not generated electricity in all months of the year, however, with the normativity, it compensates with the months of surplus production of electricity. The return period of the investment of the six scaled SHGEE are within the lifetime of the plants. In environmental terms, the technology used in SHGEE are not completely non-polluting, nevertheless, compared with other energy sources, they have low environmental impact. In general, renewable energy applications for buildings are feasible technically, economically and environmentally in Brazil.
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エァー, アルヤクブ アミン ヒラール, and Amin Hilal Ali Al-Yaquob. "Assessment of feed in tariff policy impacts for promoting wind and solar energy development in Japan." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12998768/?lang=0, 2016. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12998768/?lang=0.
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Waheed, Amna. "To Electrify a Flood Affected Village in Sajawal, Pakistan by Utilizing the Available Renewable Energy Resources." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149865.
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Pakistan, though being one of the most rich in renewable energy resources, faces serious energy crises and has a shortfall of about 6 GW electric energy. Most of the resources are untapped until today. The fuel for electricity production is being imported and is of high cost. The government is trying to fulfill the energy requirements of the industries and urban areas where rural areas are at the lowest priority. Pakistan was hit by flood disaster in 2010. There are number of organizations, governmental and private, that are trying to provide shelters and basic necessities to the flood affecties even until today. Village Goth Mehdi Farm in Sajawal area of Sindh is one of the examples of a newly built village for the flood affecties. It has been built with the help of Pakistan Navy, however, the village is bereft of electricity. This report presents three different designs for the electrification of the flood affected village, consisting of 20 houses, a mosque, a community centre, toilets and street lighting, in Sajawal, Pakistan by utilizing available renewable energy resources using sustainability approach. Supply of clean water and energy for cooking purposes was also investigated. However, it was identified in the site visit that villagers were using a mechanical hand pump to pump the underground clean water for daily usage which did not require further alternative. The village is surrounded by wheat fields and trees, and villagers used wood as fuel for cooking. Dehydrated animal dung of cattle was also used as fuel source. The Sajawal area is located in the wind corridor of Sindh and also receives sun light of high insolation level. Thus, wind turbine (WT) or/and PV module can be used for electricity generation, respectively. Based on such advantages three electricity generating systems are proposed. Option #1: solar energy by using 19 kilowatt Photovoltaic (PV) system with off grid inverter and battery bank to cater the load of the village, Option #2: wind energy by using 20 kilowatt wind turbine with a battery backup and Option #3: hybrid PV and WT system with 5.8 kilowatt PV system combine with 10 kilowatt wind turbine and battery backup. These systems have been designed by keeping social, economical and environmental aspects in account. The financial comparison showed that the option # 1 required highest amount of capital cost with respect to other options, while option # 3 needed lowest initial investment for installation. Moreover Option 1, solar system, was found to be the most expensive option when battery replacements (every 3 years) were considered over a 20 years life time. Option 3, hybrid wind and solar system, was concluded to be the most economical solution for the Goth Mehdi farms.
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Schooley, David C. "Unit commitment and system reliability in electric utility systems with independent wind and solar generation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12917.
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