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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar Cell AC Parameters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Deshmukh, M. P., and J. Nagaraju. "Measurement of CuInSe2 solar cell AC parameters." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 85, no. 3 (2005): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.05.018.

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Anil Kumar, R., M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "GaAs/Ge solar cell AC parameters under illumination." Solar Energy 76, no. 4 (2004): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.10.004.

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Kumar, R. Anil, M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "GaAs/Ge solar cell AC parameters at different temperatures." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 77, no. 2 (2003): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00316-1.

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Kumar, R. Anil, M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "Silicon (BSFR) solar cell AC parameters at different temperatures." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 85, no. 3 (2005): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.05.017.

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Deshmukh, M. P., R. Anil Kumar, and J. Nagaraju. "Measurement of solar cell ac parameters using the time domain technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 8 (2004): 2732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1777380.

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Kumar, R. Anil, M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "Facility to measure solar cell ac parameters using an impedance spectroscopy technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 8 (2001): 3422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386632.

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Deshmukh, M. P., and J. Nagaraju. "Measurement of silicon and GaAs/Ge solar cells ac parameters." Solar Energy 78, no. 1 (2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.07.002.

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Kumar, R. A., M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "Measurement of AC parameters of gallium arsenide (GaAs/Ge) solar cell by impedance spectroscopy." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 48, no. 9 (2001): 2177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.944213.

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Lobo, Eodia T. Sedan, Poisson Rownaldy Takaya, and Ivanto Bin Paledung. "Realtime Monitoring Design of Solar Cell Power Plant Based on IoT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2394, no. 1 (2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2394/1/012028.

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Abstract Solar panels are electricity generators by utilize sunlight. Monitoring of electrical energy produced by solar cells is needed by consumers to find out how much power is produced. Previously, monitoring was done by looking at the voltmeter and ampere meter indications. This study was designed a prototype to monitor current, voltage, and light intensity through the Arduino Uno-based internet network. For the solar system panels, AC and DC current and voltage sensors are used, as well as calibrated light sensors, then a data transmission system integrated into the Blynk application, designing an Arduino Uno microcontroller-based system with the Blynk application on a Smartphone via a wi-fi communication module (esp8266). Parameters DC current and connection, AC current and connection. The highest light intensity is obtained at PLTS when exposed to sunlight and load at 02:30 and the lowest is at 09:30 due to weather. The results obtained are measurements from each sensor, used directly and displayed on the Blynk Application, monitored remotely from the internet network.

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V., Nivetha. "Step Up Boost Converter for a Photo Voltaic System Using MPPT." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 1 (2015): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.311528.

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This paper presents the performance of a converter topology for PV array. The system containing solar cell, DC-DC boost converter and ac load. This paper presents the simulation of a photovoltaic system using MATLAB. The photovoltaic array is designed for 80V. The proposed PV model was prepared on MATLAB and input parameters are solar irradiation and temperature. The output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated for varying effects of temperature and solar irradiation .A DC-DC boost converter is used for boosting of DC voltage obtained from Photovoltaic system. A DC DC converter is designed for 550 V.

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Matacena, Ilaria, Pierluigi Guerriero, Laura Lancellotti, et al. "Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cell Stability." Energies 16, no. 13 (2023): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16134951.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by means of impedance spectroscopy, a highly sensitive characterization technique used to establish the electrical response of a device in a nondestructive manner. In this paper, PSCs with two different electron transport layers (ETLs) are studied: PSCs with undoped SnO2 as an ETL are compared to PSCs with an ETL composed of graphene-doped SnO2 (G-SnO2). Experimental data were collected immediately after fabrication and after one week, monitoring both impedance spectroscopy and dark current-voltage (I-V) curves. It was observed that, in the case of the undoped PSCs, the degradation of the solar cells affected both the AC behavior of the devices, modifying the associated Nyquist plots, and the DC behavior, observable from the dark I-V measurements. Conversely, the solar cells with G-SnO2 showed no variation. Considering the Nyquist plots, a quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the parameters of a proper equivalent circuit model. The results were coherent with those achieved in the DC analysis, thus proving that the analysis of impedance spectra, supported with dark I-V curves, allows one to gain a deeper knowledge of the degradation phenomena of perovskite solar cells. This study opens the door for further improvement of these devices through a better understanding of their electrical behavior.

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Saleh, Ibrahim M., Hamed M. Abufares, and Haitham M. Snousi. "Three-Year Performance Evaluation of Single Junction Amorphous Solar Cells Grid-Connected Power Station in Libya." Conference Papers in Engineering 2013 (July 30, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/950195.

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Photovoltaic (PV) conservation of solar energy is one of the most promising sources of future energy. Grid-connected PV systems are widely used in many countries, but in Libya it is just started. A PV grid-connected of 24 KWP PV system has been installed as a pilot project to deliver AC energy to the Tripoli University electric grid; the system is of single junction amorphous solar cells which were erected in Sep. 2009; it consists of 240 Mitsubishi thin film amorphous PV Modules of MA100T2 type capable of supplying 100 Watts of DC power each, five inverters of type SMA Sunny Mini Central, and the system is equipped with a data logger to record all important parameters. In this paper the evaluation of the PV system performance was carried out according to the European guidelines of the PV system operation. The results of the measured parameters, namely, the performance ratio, AC energy yearly yield, the temperature dependent, and the system efficiency, showed that the system is performing better than the deigned parameters.

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Tripathi, Brijesh, Pankaj Yadav, and Manoj Kumar. "Effect of Varying Illumination and Temperature on Steady-State and Dynamic Parameters of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using AC Impedance Modeling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/646407.

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The steady-state current-voltage curve and dynamic response of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is mathematically modeled based on electrical equivalent circuit. The effect of temperature and illumination on the steady-state and dynamic parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells is studied. It is found that the dynamic resistance of DSSC decreases from 619.21 Ωto 90.34 Ωwith the increase in illumination level from 200 W/m2to 800 W/m2. A positive temperature coefficient of dynamic resistance is observed. The interfacial charge transfer and recombination losses at the oxide/dye/electrolyte interface are found to be the most influential factor on the overall conversion efficiency and included in the mathematical model. The saturation current of rectifying diode and saturation current of recombination diode are responsible for the transfer recombination losses and have major influence on the overall conversion efficiency.

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Cotfas, Daniel Tudor, Petru Adrian Cotfas, Dan Ion Floroian, and Laura Floroian. "Accelerated Life Test for Photovoltaic Cells Using Concentrated Light." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9825683.

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This paper presents a new method developed to significantly reduce the necessary time for the ageing tests for different types of photovoltaic cells. Two ageing factors have been applied to the photovoltaic cells: the concentrated light and the temperature. The maximum power of the photovoltaic cells was monitored during the ageing process. The electrical dc and ac parameters of the photovoltaic cells were measured and analyzed at 1 sun irradiance, before and after the test stress. During the test, two photovoltaic cells are kept at maximum power point and the other two are kept at open circuit voltage point. The method is validated through the results obtained for the monocrystalline silicon solar cell.

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Ramadan, Rehab, and Raúl J. Martín-Palma. "Electrical Characterization of MIS Schottky Barrier Diodes Based on Nanostructured Porous Silicon and Silver Nanoparticles with Applications in Solar Cells." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092165.

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The accurate determination of the electrical properties of photovoltaic devices is of utmost importance to predict and optimize their overall optoelectronic performance. For example, the minority carrier lifetime and the carrier diffusion length have a strong relationship with the carrier recombination rate. Additionally, parasitic resistances have an important effect on the fill factor of a solar cell. Within this context, the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical characteristics of Si-based metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diodes with the basic structure Al/Si/TiO2/NiCr were studied, aiming at using them as photovoltaic devices. The basic diode structure was modified by adding nanostructured porous silicon (nanoPS) layers and by infiltrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the nanoPS layers, leading to Al/Si+nanoPS/TiO2/NiCr and Al/Si+nanoPS+AgNPs/TiO2/NiCr structures, respectively. The AC electrical properties were studied using a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis, while the DC electrical properties were determined from current–voltage measurements. From the experimental results, an AC equivalent circuit model was proposed for the three different MIS Schottky barrier diodes under study. Additionally, the most significant electrical parameters were calculated. The results show a remarkable improvement in the performance of the MIS Schottky barrier diodes upon the addition of hybrid nanoPS layers with embedded Ag nanoparticles, opening the way to their use as photovoltaic devices.

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Qasem, Ammar, Abeer A. Hassan, Samar Y. Al-nami, H. A. Alrafai, and E. R. Shaaban. "Effective role of vacuum annealing in improving structural, optical, and electrical properties of SiO₂/Ag/ZnO multilayers deposited by RF sputtering for optoelectronic applications." Physica Scripta 98, no. 1 (2022): 015825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aca99e.

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Abstract Transparent conductive thin films require multilayer coatings involving metals and dielectrics with high refractive indices. Radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique was used to accurately fabricate the SiO2/Ag/ZnO multilayers on the corning glass substrates at 298 K to be used in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) reflectors, solar cell, and photovoltaic applications. This method optimizes coating processes in a uniform, homogeneous manner, resulting in improved optical and electrical properties, thermal endurance, and long-term stability. The technique was used to synthesize highly translucent and conductive multilayers. The structural, optical, and electrical properties as a function of temperature in the range from 25 °C to 450 °C were detailed. The crystallite size (D cry ), lattice microstrain (ε), dislocation density (δ), and crystallites per unit surface area (N) were calculated. The values of (D cry ) increased while the other parameters decreased with increasing temperature. The linear optical parameters were calculated. The optical results demonstrated that temperature had an impact on the studied multilayers’ optical properties. The dielectric constants, the loss factor, the AC electrical conductivity, the exponential factor, and the activation energy for the dominant conductivity mechanism were all calculated using the capacitance and conductance pathways.

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Perný, Milan, Vladimír Šály, Mirioslav Mikolášek, et al. "ASSESMENT OF DAMAGE OF SOLAR HETEROJUNCTION a-SiC/c-Si INDUCED BY NEUTRON RADIATION." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 6, no. 1 (2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2017.1.010.

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">Amorphous silicon carbide is known as a material resistant except others influences also against radiation. This study investigates the effects of neutron radiation on electric characteristics (<em>I</em>-<em>V</em> characteristic, impedance spectra and obtained dynamic parameters of AC equivalent circuit) of solar cell a-SiC/c-Si heterojunction structure. The heterojunction structure was irradiated using neutrons with neutron fluence 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Existence of neutron induced structural defects, which could be introduced within semiconductor structure of heterojunction, has been illustrated using DC and AC analysis. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">The structural defects induced by neutron particles radiation affect mainly trapping mechanism. The process results in the changes of electronic elements included into proposed equivalent circuit.</span>

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Vasko, Anthony, Kristopher Wieland, and Victor Karpov. "Point Contact Admittance Spectroscopy of Thin Film Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1012.

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ABSTRACTWe present the new characterization technique of multi-dimensional admittance measurements. In standard admittance measurements, a semiconductor device is probed in the transverse dimension, between flat plate contacts. We extend such measurements to distributed, possibly non-uniform solar cells where one of the two contacts has very small (point-like) dimensions. As a result, both the real and displacement currents spread into lateral directions while flowing between the electrodes. Correspondingly, the probing electric field may result in contact voltages that are laterally not equipotential. The spatial voltage distribution will depend on the probing DC bias and AC frequency. The resulting measurement will give information about the system’s lump parameters, such as open circuit voltage, sheet and shunt resistances, as well as the presence and location of shunts. Understanding of the measurement is developed through intuitive and analytic models. Numerical models, utilizing finite element circuits, are used to verify the analytic results, and also may be directly compared to or used to fit experimental data. While our focus is on introducing the physical theory, early experimental results demonstrating spatial scaling are shown.

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Omar, Moien A., and Marwan M. Mahmoud. "Improvement Approach for Matching PV-array and Inverter of Grid Connected PV Systems Verified by a Case Study." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (2021): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36082.

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Correct matching between PV array and inverter improves the inverter efficiency, increases the annual produced energy, decreases the clipping losses of the inverter, and prevent to a large extent the inverter frequent shut downs during clear sunny days of high solar radiation and low ambient temperature. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for selecting the appropriate peak power of the PV array with respect to the inverter output AC rated power taking into account the local daily distribution of solar radiation and ambient temperature. In addition, the proposed methodology specifies the appropriate number of PV modules in each string and the number of parallel strings connected to the input of the inverteraccording to its specifications and to PV cell temperature. Mathematically modeling of system parameters and components are presented and used in the simulation to investigate the different scenarios. The paper presents also a case study using simulation to find the optimal matching parameters of a PV array connected to an inverter with the specifications: 6 kW rated output power, an input mpp voltage range of 333-500 V, 6.2 kW maximum input DC power, and an output AC voltage of 230 Vrms. Considering the local climate conditions in West Bank, the simulation resulted a peak power of 7 kW for the PV array, which is greater than the inverter output power by the factor 1.16. In addition, the obtained PV array consists of two parallel strings each includes 12 PV modules connected in series while each PV module is rated at 290 W. The output voltage of the PV arrayvaries between 359 V to 564 Vat minimum and maximum temperature of 10 ˚C to 70 ˚C respectively. This PV array-inverter combination resulted by simulation an annual yield of 1600 kWh/kWp and an energy of 11197 kWh which corresponds to an energy gain of 1591 kWh/year more than using a PV array with a peak power of 6 kW as the inverter rated power.

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ARIFIN, Zainal, Syamsul HADI, Suyitno SUYITNO, Aditya Rio PRABOWO, and Singgih Dwi PRASETYO. "CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO NANOFIBER ON DOUBLE-LAYER DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING DIRECT DEPOSITION METHOD." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (2020): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.278_periodico36_pgs_263_277.pdf.

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Solar cells are capable of harvesting energy by converting solar heat into electrical energy through the photovoltaic process. A type of solar cell, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which based on doublelayer photoanode is attracting researchers and engineers considering its characteristics, e.g., high efficiency, low cost, and available mass-production. The TiO2-ZnO double-layer semiconductor can be obtained from a nanofiber ZnO semiconductor which is deposited with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. In this study, the direct deposition method was applied using an electrospinning machine. The intention is to directly capture the liquid of electro-jet spun from PVA/Zn(Ac)2 solution onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The glass itself is coated with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. The investigation was addressed to obtain the best tip distance to the collector and the best flow rate in the electrospinning process. The subject environment was designated on the manufacturing process of nanofiber ZnO semiconductors used as double-layer DSSC photoanodes. Variations in flow rates of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 μL/minute were applied in the observation. Furthermore, collaboration with the tip to collector distances using a variation of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm was also considered in this study. Based on these parameters, the effects of the electrospinning process on the morphology of the directly deposited ZnO nanofiber semiconductor were obtained. The results showed that a flow rate of 4 μL/minute and a tip distance to the collector of 8 cm produced a small diameter and uniform morphology. This morphology allowed ZnO nanofibers to have better color absorption and electron excitation. Thus, it was directly proportional to the high efficiency of double-layer DSSCs. The performance value for the 4 μL/min discharge was 2.39%, and the performance value for the 8 cm needle tip distance to the collector was 1.61%.

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Anil Kumar, R., M. S. Suresh, and J. Nagaraju. "Measurement and comparison of AC parameters of silicon (BSR and BSFR) and gallium arsenide (GaAs/Ge) solar cells used in space applications." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 60, no. 2 (2000): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(99)00080-x.

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Ali, Zulfiqar, Syed Zagam Abbas, Anzar Mahmood, Syed Wajahat Ali, Syed Bilal Javed, and Chun-Lien Su. "A Study of a Generalized Photovoltaic System with MPPT Using Perturb and Observer Algorithms under Varying Conditions." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093638.

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In recent years, renewable energy (RE) has shown promise as a sustainable solution to the rising energy demand worldwide. Photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a highly viable RE alternative. The majority of PV schemes use specific PV models with specified parameters. This study proposes a PV model with generic specifications, a PV array, a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC inverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and grid synchronization using a feedback control system under the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Various MPPT techniques have been adapted to track the PV’s maximum power point (MPP); however, there are various uncertainties. To address these challenges, this paper presented a perturb and observe (P&O) strategy to track the MPP of PV systems reliably. The MPP of a PV system varies according to meteorological order, such as solar radiation and cell temperature. The MPPT primarily gathers the maximum current and voltage of the PV array and provides them to the load using a boost converter. The MPPT performance and PV array attributes are analyzed during abrupt weather changes. Finally, a feedback controller is configured to perform synchronization of the inverter with the grid. The validity and reliability of the PV module using P&O methods provide a higher efficacy of MPPT under MATLAB/simulation. Finally, the presented results endorse the strength of the proposed technique.

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Aggarwal, Meena, A. Kapoor, and K. N. Tripathi. "Solar cell array parameters." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 45, no. 4 (1997): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(96)00085-2.

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Gueye, Matar, Hawa Ly Diallo, Attoumane Kosso Mamadou Moustapha, Youssou Traore, Ibrahima Diatta, and Gregoire Sissoko. "Ac Recombination Velocity in a Lamella Silicon Solar Cell." World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 08, no. 04 (2018): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2018.84013.

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Kresna, Nursun. "Prototype Kendali DC-AC Konverter pada Solar Cell Hybrid." Jurnal Teknik Elektro ITP 8, no. 2 (2019): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21063/jte.2019.3133824.

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Harada, Koosuke, and Katsuaki Murata. "Interface circuit between solar cell and commercial AC bus." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 70, no. 11 (1987): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420701103.

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Sulistiyanto, Sulistiyanto, Tidar Pangestu Aperilian Damara, Abdul Mustaqim, Achmad Devyce, and Robiatul Adawiyah. "“JAYUS” Meja Payung Solar Cell." Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Komputer TRIAC 8, no. 1 (2021): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/triac.v8i1.10237.

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Kebutuhan untuk isi ulang atau charger peralatan elektronik di tempat umum sangat diperlukan oleh masyarakat, terutama di tempat terbuka atau outdoor. Model yang tepat untuk dipakai sebagai tempat charger umum di area outdoor yang sesuai yaitu seperti payung yang di lengkapi meja serta tempat duduk di sentra UMKM, karena dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pembeli UMKM sambil makan atau minum di bawah payung tersebut. Meja Payung Solar Cell (JAYUS) untuk UMKM ini nantinya bisa sebagai pusat charger handphone sekaligus tempat meja makan dan minum. Meja Payung Solar Cell di design bagian atasnya datar, nanti tenaga listrik yang di keluarkan AC dengan pertimbangan agar bisa di manfaatkan untuk menyalakan peralatan listrik.

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Kurniawan, Yudhy. "Analisa Perbandingan Performansi AC SPLIT Konvensional Dengan AC SPLIT Tenaga Surya." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 14, no. 1 (2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.14.1.409.

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Currently, the world's energi needs are still dominated by depleting fossil fuels, where the largest consumption produced from these fossils is electrical energi. For tropical country conditions, on average, every house and in city buildings use split AC as a tool to condition the room so that it feels comfortable for its residents. Where about 60% utilize electrical energi. In this study, split AC uses solar power as an alternative to electrical energi by using a solar photovoltage (PV) system as a medium for absorbing solar radiation to be converted into electrical energi in split AC. The goal is that the use of solar radiation is able to reduce the use of electricity from PLN, which so far requires a large amount of money. The research method begins by making a model of a device that is modified by an electric panel on a split AC connected to an inverter to convert DC to AC current from the PV cell. From the use of solar cells as electrical energi then the test results are compared with conventional split AC. The results obtained from the conventional split AC test can be seen that the efficiency is 85% while the solar-powered split AC has an efficiency of 73%, but for the use of electrical power that operates for 2 hours on a solar-powered split AC, it is more efficient with a power of 376 Wh per day.

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Zulkarnain, Iskandar, and Kelik Istanto. "Modifikasi Solar Water Destiler Dengan Menambahkan Unit Pemanas Berenergi Solar Cell." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Pertanian - TekTan 12, no. 2 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/tektan.v12i2.1909.

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Increasing the heat energy in the evaporator box from the Water Solar Destiler, by adding a wire heater aims to increase the heat energy in the evaporator box so that it will speed up the evaporation process in the evaporator box. The more liquid that is broken down due to heat energy into water vapor, the more discharge will be produced. Based on the results of the observations made, the addition of a wire heater in the evaporator city with AC electricity generated by solar panels, increased the purified water by 248.78%, from 1745 ml to 4341 ml, with the thickness of the water being purified as thick as 1 cm which was dried in the sun. for 10 hours starting from 07.00 WIB to 17.00 WIB.

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Mishra, S., and S. Singh. "Performance Assessment of Solar based Air Conditioning System." Journal of Scientific Research 14, no. 1 (2022): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i1.54429.

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The conventional air-conditioning system suffers from (i) harmonic distortion at the input ac side due to extensive use of nonlinear loads and (ii) not being friendly with the environment and climate. In this paper, a conventional air conditioning system (ACS), which uses a single-phase ac supply, is replaced by a solar-powered ACS to mitigate mentioned shortcomings. Due to the non-availability of solar energy during night/low-intensity levels, a battery and a dc-dc converter are used to maintain constant voltage, a prime requirement for ACS. Further, if an ac supply is used during the daytime, the battery is not required. Thus, a self-sustained solar-powered air conditioner of a capacity of 1.5 tons is designed here. The solar system is designed using Simulink, and various parameters such as torque and speed are being measured to study & analyze the solar-based ACS. The designed air conditioner gives an acceptable performance despite the variation of solar irradiations.

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Kromplyas, B. A., A. S. Levytskyi, and Ie O. Zaitsev. "SMART SHIELD PANEL AC VOLTMETER CELL." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2021, no. 60 (2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2021.60.065.

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In this paper smart shield panel electrical operating parameters meters of energy generating facilities functionality is analysis. The list of functions of measuring instruments supplemented, which allowed increasing their operational characteristics. Methods and results of realization of these functions given for the panel board intellectualized voltage meter of alternating current. The structural scheme of the developed panel board intellectualized meter is described and its main technical characteristics are given.A method of mobile calibration of the device is proposed, in which a calibration signal source with a separate fixed value is used, and the calibration process itself is controlled from the device keyboard. A modernized detailed and simplified calibration algorithm is present. Ref. 12, fig. 5, tabl. 2.

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Challinger, Susanna E., Iain D. Baikie, Jonathon R. Harwell, Graham A. Turnbull, and Ifor D. W. Samuel. "An Investigation of the Energy Levels within a Common Perovskite Solar Cell Device and a Comparison of DC/AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Kelvin Probe Measurements of Different MAPBI3 Perovskite Solar Cell Device Structures." MRS Advances 2, no. 21-22 (2017): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.72.

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ABSTRACTWe present a study of the energy levels in a FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro solar cell device. The measurements are performed using a novel ambient pressure photoemission (APS) technique alongside Contact Potential Difference data from a Kelvin Probe. The Perovskite Solar Cell energy band diagram is demonstrated for the device in dark conditions and under illumination from a 150W Quartz Tungsten Halogen lamp. This approach provides useful information on the interaction between the different materials in this solar cell device. Additionally, non-destructive macroscopic DC and AC Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) studies are demonstrated of different MAPBI3 device structures to give an indication of overall device performance. AC-SPS measurements, previously used on traditional semiconductors to study the mobility, are used in this case to characterise the ability of a perovskite solar cell device to respond rapidly to chopped light. Two different device structures studied showed very different characteristics: Sample A (without TiO2): (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polyTPD/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM) had ∼4 times the magnitude of AC-SPS response compared to Sample B (including TiO2): (ITO/TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro). This demonstrates that the carrier speed characteristics of device architecture A is superior to device architecture B. The TiO2 layer has been associated with carrier trapping which is illustrated in this example. However, the DC-SPV performance of sample B is ∼5 times greater than that of sample A. The band gap of the MAPBI3 layer was determined through DC-SPS (1.57 ± 0.07 eV), Voc of the devices measured and qualitative observations made of interface trapping by DC light pulsing. The combination of these (APS, KP, AC/DC-SPV/SPS) techniques offers a more general method for measuring the energy level alignments and performance of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Devices.

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Hassan Ali, Mohamed, Abdelhamid Rabhi, Sofiane Haddad, and Ahmed El Hajjaji. "Real-Time Determination of Solar Cell Parameters." Journal of Electronic Materials 46, no. 11 (2017): 6535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5697-0.

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Fan, John C. C. "Theoretical temperature dependence of solar cell parameters." Solar Cells 17, no. 2-3 (1986): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(86)90020-7.

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35

Wonderling, Nichole, Else Breval, and Joseph P. Dougherty. "X-ray diffraction analysis of lanthanum and titanium substituted lead zirconate." Powder Diffraction 17, no. 4 (2002): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1505046.

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The change in the orthorhombic structure of PbZrO3 was studied as a function of the La substitution for Pb and Ti substitution for Zr. Two types of changes can occur: (1) a change in the atom coordinates toward the positions for a perfect cubic perovskite lattice; and (2) a change of orthorhombic unit cell parameters so that ao, bo, and co exactly fit with the cubic cell parameter ac. Therefore, ao=ac√2, bo=ac.2√2, and co=ac.2, where ao, bo, and co are the orthorhombic cell parameters, and ac is the cubic cell parameter. Substitution of Pb by La in the orthorhombic PLZT leads to both a change in atom coordinates and a change in unit cell parameters toward the perfect cubic structure, especially for La≥4. Substitution of Zr by Ti in the orthorhombic PLZT leads to similar atom coordinate changes, but the unit cell parameters do not change. The composition 0/92.5/7.5 contains a major tetragonal phase and a minor orthorhombic phase. There are only small differences in the orthorhombic structure between the A and the B composition of PLZT. The A composition has a structure closer to the cubic structure than the B composition.

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Tanahashi, Tadanori, and Shu-Tsung Hsu. "Solar cell cracks within a photovoltaic module: Characterization by AC impedance spectroscopy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0277768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277768.

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Various cell crack modes (with or without electrically inactive cell areas) can be induced in crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells within a PV module through natural thermomechanical stressors such as strong winds, heavy snow, and large hailstones. Although degradation in the performance of PV modules by cell cracks has been reported occasionally, the mode-dependent evolutions in the electrical signatures of cracks have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we propose that the reduction of the time constant in the AC impedance spectra, which is caused by the elevation of minority-carrier recombination in the p–n junction of a PV cell, is a ubiquitous signature of cracked PV cells encapsulated in a commercially available PV module. Several other characteristics derived from the illuminated current-voltage (I–V) and dark I–V data significantly evolved only in PV cells with inactive cell areas. We also propose that the evaluation by carrier recombination is a crucial diagnostic technique for detecting all crack modes, including microcracks, in wafer-based PV modules.

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Kiran, Engin, and Demir İnan. "Technical note An approximation to solar cell equation for determination of solar cell parameters." Renewable Energy 17, no. 2 (1999): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00118-9.

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Putri, Tika Erna, Yuan Hao, Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa, et al. "Effects of Activated Carbon Counter Electrode on Bifacial Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.863.

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The losses of solar cells are consisted of electrical losses and optical losses. Optical losses chiefly reduce the short-circuit current. Here we apply bifacial cell approach to increase light absorption and the short-circuit current of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We have employed activated carbon (AC) as a very low cost counter electrode, an alternative to Pt counter electrode. Addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) to AC increase the efficiency of bifacial DSSC at a mirror angle of from 5.10% to and , respectively. These results indicate that AC has the potential to replace Pt as a very low cost counter electrode of bifacial DSSCs. The bifacial DSSC system using double plane mirrors improve PCE to for Pt counter electrode at a mirror angle of , and for AC counter electrode at a mirror angle of , respectively.

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Wang, Ling Ling, Shu Ju Hu, Yan Feng Meng, and Rui Ma. "Analysis of the Influence of Environment Parameters on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.13.

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The performance of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) power generation system operating in the field is inevitably affected by environmental parameters (solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, spectrum, cloud cover, dust, etc.), of which the main factors are solar irradiance and temperature. Based on the data of 100kW PV system of ShangYi PV Plant captured form June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013 (1 min resolution) and the data of Qinghai Delingha 20MW PV Plant in China captured in 2012., the influence of solar irradiance and temperature on PV system is analyzed. The results show hourly PV array DC power has highly significant positive correlation with hourly total solar radiation, also PV system AC power output and solar irradiance have good consistency. Both of them show irradiance is the main environment factor to the PV system. Then using the captured data, the relationship between maximum load and PV panels surface temperature is also analyzed, the surface temperature is higher, the maximum load is lower.

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Zhou, Jia, Xiao Long Tan, and Wen Bin Wang. "Analysis of Inverter Based on SCR and PWM Comparation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1533.

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Inverter technology as the key part of using new energy technology, can be very effective to new energy sources such as solar, battery and fuel cell energy conversion of ac electrical energy transform into ac power, and can be connected to the grid. Therefore, the inverter technology has an extremely important statue in modern society.

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Bagus Kurniansyah, Izra, Ferdian Ronilaya, and Muhammad Fahmi Hakim. "Real Time Monitoring System Dari Active Solar Photovoltaic Tracker Berbasis Internet Of Things." ELPOSYS: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan 7, no. 3 (2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v7i3.5.

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Abstract: This monitoring system is used to monitor currents and voltages from Solar Power Plants (PLTS) with solar cell capacities of 50WP, 80WP, and 100WP. PLTS used is an active type of solar tracker, where solar cells used can find the maximum solar irradiation position by determining the upper and lower voltages as the reference voltage in the Arduino program. After PLTS can produce energy, then the energy can be used to turn on AC and DC electrical loads. From the energy used, here of course there are currents and voltages starting from the output of the solar cell, the accumulator output, the input at the AC load, and the input at the DC load. The monitoring results that have been carried out subsequently will be automatically sent to the Thingspeak application by using the SIM800L Module. This thingspeak application will send data in the form of numbers and graphs in real time. By comparing the value of the measurement results on Arduino and the thingspeak application, we get the size of the percentage of reading errors on the measuring instrument.

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42

Jovanović, Dražen, Martin Ćalasan, and Milovan Radulović. "Estimation of solar cell parameters using PSO algorithm." Tehnika 74, no. 1 (2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1901091j.

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43

Yandt, Mark D., Karin Hinzer, and Henry Schriemer. "Representative Atmospheric Parameters in Multijunction Solar Cell Design." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 8, no. 3 (2018): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2018.2817242.

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44

AICHOUBA, Mohammed. "Solar cell parameters extraction optimization using Lambert function." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 4 (2019): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.04.43.

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45

Singh, S. L., A. K. Saxena, R. Swami, R. P. Singh, and S. Chandra. "Circuit for quick monitoring of solar cell parameters." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 3 (1985): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/3/002.

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46

Sharma, S. K., D. Pavithra, N. Srinivasamurthy, and B. L. Agrawal. "Determination of solar cell parameters: an analytical approach." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 26, no. 7 (1993): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/26/7/020.

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47

Saad, M., and A. Kassis. "Effect of interface recombination on solar cell parameters." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 79, no. 4 (2003): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(03)00101-6.

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48

Jain, Amit, Sandeep Sharma, and Avinashi Kapoor. "Solar cell array parameters using Lambert W-function." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 1 (2006): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.01.007.

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Hadrami, M., L. Roubi, M. Zazoui, and J. C. Bourgoin. "Relation between solar cell parameters and space degradation." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 10 (2006): 1486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.10.013.

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50

Suresh, M. S. "Measurement of solar cell parameters using impedance spectroscopy." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 43, no. 1 (1996): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(95)00153-0.

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