Journal articles: 'Solar concentrating systems'

1

Pitz-Paal, R. "Concentrating Solar Power Systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 148 (2017): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714800008.

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Zhou, Zheng, Qiang Cheng, Pingping Li, and Huaichun Zhou. "Non-imaging concentrating reflectors designed for solar concentration systems." Solar Energy 103 (May 2014): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.03.001.

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Bainier, C., C. Hernandez, and D. Courjon. "Solar concentrating systems using holographic lenses." Solar & Wind Technology 5, no. 4 (January 1988): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(88)90006-9.

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Răboacă, Maria Simona, Gheorghe Badea, Adrian Enache, Constantin Filote, Gabriel Răsoi, Mihai Rata, Alexandru Lavric, and Raluca-Andreea Felseghi. "Concentrating Solar Power Technologies." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061048.

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Nowadays, the evolution of solar energy use has turned into a profound issue because of the implications of many points of view, such as technical, social, economic and environmental that impose major constraints for policy-makers in optimizing solar energy alternatives. The topographical constraints regarding the availability of inexhaustible solar energy is driving field development and highlights the need for increasingly more complex solar power systems. The solar energy is an inexhaustible source of CO2 emission-free energy at a global level. Solar thermal technologies may produce electric power when they are associated with thermal energy storage, and this may be used as a disposable source of limitless energy. Furthermore, it can also be used in industrial processes. Using these high-tech systems in a large area of practice emboldens progress at the performance level. This work compiles the latest literature in order to provide a timely review of the evolution and worldwide implementation of Concentrated Solar Power—CSP—mechanization. The objective of this analysis is to provide thematic documentation as a basis for approaching the concept of a polygeneration solar system and the implementation possibilities. It also aims to highlight the role of the CSP in the current and future world energy system.

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Ayadi, Osama, Marcello Aprile, and Mario Motta. "Solar Cooling Systems Utilizing Concentrating Solar Collectors - An Overview." Energy Procedia 30 (2012): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.099.

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Atkinson, Carol, Chris L. Sansom, Heather J. Almond, and Chris P. Shaw. "Coatings for concentrating solar systems – A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45 (May 2015): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.015.

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Li, Guiqiang, Qingdong Xuan, M. W. Akram, Yousef Golizadeh Akhlaghi, Haowen Liu, and Samson Shittu. "Building integrated solar concentrating systems: A review." Applied Energy 260 (February 2020): 114288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114288.

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Karatairi, Eva, and Andrea Ambrosini. "Improving the efficiency of concentrating solar power systems." MRS Bulletin 43, no. 12 (December 2018): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.301.

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Pitz-Paal, R. "Concept and status of Concentrating Solar Power systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900008.

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Development of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems has started about 40 years ago. A ﬁrst commercial implementation was performed between 1985 and 1991 in California. However, a drop in gas prices caused a longer period without further deployment. It was overcome in 2007 when new incentive schemes for renewables in Spain and the US enabled a commercial restart. In 2017, almost 100 commercial CSP plants with more than 5 GW are installed worldwide. This paper describes the physical background of CSP technology, its technical characteristics and concepts. Furthermore, it discusses system performances, cost structures and the expected advancement.

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Ho, Clifford K. "Computational fluid dynamics for concentrating solar power systems." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 3, no. 3 (August 22, 2013): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.90.

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Mittelman, Gur, Abraham Kribus, and Abraham Dayan. "Solar cooling with concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (CPVT) systems." Energy Conversion and Management 48, no. 9 (September 2007): 2481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.04.004.

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Buie, D., C. J. Dey, and S. Bosi. "The effective size of the solar cone for solar concentrating systems." Solar Energy 74, no. 5 (May 2003): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(03)00156-7.

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Chemisana, Daniel, Jesús López-Villada, Alberto Coronas, Joan Ignasi Rosell, and Chiara Lodi. "Building integration of concentrating systems for solar cooling applications." Applied Thermal Engineering 50, no. 2 (February 2013): 1472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.12.005.

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Tsoutsou, Sapfo, Carlos Infante Ferreira, Jan Krieg, and Mohamed Ezzahiri. "Building integration of concentrating solar systems for heating applications." Applied Thermal Engineering 70, no. 1 (September 2014): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.05.079.

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Sayigh, A. A. M. "Theory and calculation of applied solar energy concentrating systems." Renewable Energy 3, no. 6-7 (September 1993): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(93)90091-t.

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Zhou, Luyao, Yuanyuan Li, Eric Hu, Jiyun Qin, and Yongping Yang. "Comparison in net solar efficiency between the use of concentrating and non-concentrating solar collectors in solar aided power generation systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 75 (January 2015): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.063.

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Ramde, Emmanuel Wendsongre, Eric Tutu Tchao, Yesuenyeagbe Atsu Kwabla Fiagbe, Jerry John Kponyo, and Asakipaam Simon Atuah. "Pilot Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems Deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Implementation Challenges." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156223.

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Electricity is one of the most crucial resources that drives any given nation’s growth and development. The latest Sustainable Development Goals report indicates Africa still has a high deficit in electricity generation. Concentrating solar power seems to be a potential option to fill the deficit. That is because most of the components of concentrating solar power plants are readily available on the African market at affordable prices, and there are qualified local persons to build the plants. Pilot micro-concentrating solar power plants have been implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa and have shown promising results that could be expanded and leveraged for large-scale electricity generation. An assessment of a pilot concentrating solar power plant in the sub-region noticed one noteworthy obstacle that is the failure of the tracking system to reduce the operating energy cost of running the tracking control system and improve the multifaceted heliostat focusing behavior. This paper highlights the energy situation and the current development in concentrating solar power technology research in Africa. The paper also presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art solar tracking systems for central receiver systems to illustrate the current direction of research regarding the design of low-cost tracking systems in terms of computational complexity, energy consumption, and heliostat alignment accuracy.

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Lamnatou, Chr, and D. Chemisana. "Concentrating solar systems: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and environmental issues." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 78 (October 2017): 916–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.065.

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19

Chaabane, Monia, Wael Charfi, Hatem Mhiri, and Philippe Bournot. "Performance evaluation of concentrating solar photovoltaic and photovoltaic/thermal systems." Solar Energy 98 (December 2013): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.09.029.

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Blanco, Manuel J., José G. Martı́n, and Diego C. Alarcón-Padilla. "Theoretical efficiencies of angular-selective non-concentrating solar thermal systems." Solar Energy 76, no. 6 (2004): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.01.005.

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Zhang Na, 张娜, 王成龙 Wang Chenglong, 梁飞 Liang Fei, 朱国栋 Zhu Guodong, and 赵雷 Zhao Lei. "Characteristics of Energy Flux Distribution of Concentrating Solar Power Systems." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 55, no. 12 (2018): 120004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop55.120004.

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Lim, Jin Han, Bassam B. Dally, Alfonso Chinnici, and Graham J. Nathan. "Techno-economic evaluation of modular hybrid concentrating solar power systems." Energy 129 (June 2017): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.067.

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Bellos, Evangelos, and Christos Tzivanidis. "Solar concentrating systems and applications in Greece – A critical review." Journal of Cleaner Production 272 (November 2020): 122855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122855.

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Vignarooban, K., Xinhai Xu, A. Arvay, K. Hsu, and A. M. Kannan. "Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review." Applied Energy 146 (May 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.125.

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25

Goodman, Joel H. "Architectonic Studies with Selected Reflector Concentrating Solar Collectors." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.2.78.

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Solar concentrating collectors with reflectors are a developing technology for thermal applications that can be useful to avoid fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, reduce demand for imported fuels and lessen biomass burning. The selected reflector concentrators for building integration studies are: fixed nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) E-W line troughs, (building interior with evacuated tubes [ET] for the Temperate Zone, and exterior for the Tropics) with N-S involutes and adjustable end “wall” reflector options; and two-axis tracking small heliostats central receiver tower systems. When these reflector concentrating collector systems are integrated within building form, structure, and site planning, they are one of the main organizing design influences—an essential aspect of conceptual design. Schematic architectonic design studies are presented for mid temperature process heat applications beyond temperatures delivered with typical flat-plate thermal collectors (>≈80°C/176°F). Relations between: solar collector technologies, CPC optical characterization, daylighting, building structure, construction, site planning, and interior space usage are discussed for selected building types. These include CPC solar community and institutional kitchens for the Tropics, and house-size verification facilities with building interior ET and reflectors for the Temperate Zone.

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26

Khamooshi, Mehrdad, Hana Salati, Fuat Egelioglu, Ali Hooshyar Faghiri, Judy Tarabishi, and Saeed Babadi. "A Review of Solar Photovoltaic Concentrators." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/958521.

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Throughout the recent centuries, the limits of using energy resources due to the cost and environmental issues became one of the scientists’ concerns. Because of the huge amount of energy received by the Earth from the sun, the application of photovoltaic solar cells has become popular in the world. The photovoltaic (PV) efficiency can be increased by several factors; concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system is one of the important tools for efficiency improvement and enables for a reduction in the cell area requirement. The limits of the PV area can reduce the amount of absorbing irradiation; CPV systems can concentrate a large amount of sunlight into a smaller one by applying lenses or curved and flat mirrors. However, the additional costs on concentrating optics and cooling systems made CPV less common than nonconcentrated photovoltaic. This paper reviews the different types of PV concentrators, their performance with advantages and disadvantages, concentration ratio, acceptance angle, brief comparison between their efficiencies, and appropriate cooling system.

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27

Baig, Hasan, Hiroyuki Kanda, Abdullah M. Asiri, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, and Tapas Mallick. "Increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells using low concentrating photovoltaic systems." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 2 (2020): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00550a.

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Rubino, Felice, Pedro Poza, Germana Pasquino, and Pierpaolo Carlone. "Thermal Spray Processes in Concentrating Solar Power Technology." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091377.

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Solar power is a sustainable and affordable source of energy, and has gained interest from academies, companies, and government institutions as a potential and efficient alternative for next-generation energy production. To promote the penetration of solar power in the energy market, solar-generated electricity needs to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels and other renewables. Development of new materials for solar absorbers able to collect a higher fraction of solar radiation and work at higher temperatures, together with improved design of thermal energy storage systems and components, have been addressed as strategies for increasing the efficiency of solar power plants, offering dispatchable energy and adapting the electricity production to the curve demand. Manufacturing of concentrating solar power components greatly affects their performance and durability and, thus, the global efficiency of solar power plants. The development of viable, sustainable, and efficient manufacturing procedures and processes became key aspects within the breakthrough strategies of solar power technologies. This paper provides an outlook on the application of thermal spray processes to produce selective solar absorbing coatings in solar tower receivers and high-temperature protective barriers as strategies to mitigate the corrosion of concentrating solar power and thermal energy storage components when exposed to aggressive media during service life.

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29

Gao, Shan, Yiqing Zhang, and Yu Liu. "Incorporating Concentrating Solar Power into High Renewables Penetrated Power System: A Chance-Constrained Stochastic Unit Commitment Analysis." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112340.

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High renewables penetrated power systems would be greatly influenced by the uncertainty of variable renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power. Unlike wind and photovoltaic plant, concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage has similar dispatchable characteristics as conventional thermal unit. Besides, thermal energy storage could support the coordinated operation of concentrating solar power with an electrical heater, which can be employed to convert surplus electricity in the grid into thermal power stored in thermal energy storage for further utilization. In this paper, concentrating solar power is incorporated into a chance-constrained two-stage stochastic unit commitment model. The model considers the energy and reserve services of concentrating solar power and the uncertainty of renewables. The proposed method is employed to assess the role of a concentrating solar power station with thermal energy storage and an electrical heater to provide grid flexibility in high renewables penetrated power systems. Numerical studies are performed on a modified IEEE 24-bus system to validate the viability of the proposed method for the day-ahead stochastic scheduling. The results demonstrate the economic and reliable value of concentrating solar power station to the improvement of unit commitment schedule, to the mitigation of wind uncertainty and photovoltaic uncertainty, and to the reduction of traditional unit reserve requirement. It is concluded that concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage and an electrical heater is effective in promoting the further penetration of renewables.

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Parra, S., S. Malato, J. Blanco, P. Péringer, and C. Pulgarin. "Concentrating versus non-concentrating reactors for solar photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0290.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of the non-biodegradable p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid (p-NTS) in homogeneous (photo-Fenton reactions) and heterogeneous (with TiO2) solutions has been studied at a pilot-scale under solar irradiation at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA). In this study two different reactors were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system (Heliomans, HM) and a non-concentrating radiation system (CPC). Their advantages and disadvantages for p-NTS degradation have been compared and discussed. The degradation rates obtained in the CPC collector are around three times more efficient than in the HM collectors. However, in both systems, 100% of the initial concentration of p-NTS was removed. Kinetic experiments were performed in both systems using TiO2 suspensions. During the photodegradation, the disappearance of p-NTS was followed by HPLC, the mineralization of the solution by the TOC technique, the evolution of NO3-, NO2-, and SO4= concentration by ionic chromatography, the toxicity by the standard Microtox® test, and the biodegradability by BOD5 and COD measurements. The obtained results demonstrated the utility of the heterogeneous catalysis (using TiO2 as catalyst) as a pretreatment method that can be followed by a biological process.

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Baig, Hasan, Hiroyuki Kanda, Abdullah M. Asiri, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, and Tapas Mallick. "Correction: Increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells using low concentrating photovoltaic systems." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 8 (2020): 4301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se90048f.

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Correction for ‘Increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells using low concentrating photovoltaic systems’ by Hasan Baig et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 528–537, DOI: 10.1039/c9se00550a.

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32

XIAO, W. B., X. D. HE, J. T. LIU, and Y. Q. GAO. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-CONCENTRATING SOLAR CELLS." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 09 (April 10, 2011): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911025948.

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At room temperature, the performance of low-concentrating solar cells is investigated experimentally and discussed by theory. The results show that the short-circuit current, which is larger than that of unconcentrated radiation, linearly increases with the light intensity and is directly proportional to the concentration ratio. However, the different behavior is obtained for the open-circuit voltage. The open-circuit voltage is also larger than that at the unconcentrated light level and follows a logarithmic function of the light intensity, showing almost no dependence on the concentration ratios. The main reason is the decrease in internal resistance of solar cell with decreasing spot size, because the increase of incident light intensity leads to an increase of current density. Therefore, an advantage of the low-concentrating photovoltaic systems results from the improvement of the short-circuit current, but not from the open-circuit voltage. This work is very significant for the design of low-concentrating system.

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Cameron, Michael, and Noor A. Ahmed. "A Novel Solar Concentrating Dish for Reduced Manufacturing Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.368.

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This paper presents a novel solar dish configuration which can attain a high concentration factor and also facilitate substantial on board energy storage while being low in projected manufacturing cost. This is due to minimizing the requirement for extreme rigidity and accuracy in the design, in turn through reducing the cantilever distance from dish to receiver. This is done by using a novel split / recombined focus arrangement, enabling rim angles up to 900, thus bringing the focal point much closer to the dish than standard dishes, which typically use approximately 450. This research is potentially significant for dish Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) in general and other emerging CSP systems that require high concentration factors.

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Dugaria, Simone, Andrea Padovan, Vincenzo Sabatelli, and Davide Del Col. "Assessment of estimation methods of DNI resource in solar concentrating systems." Solar Energy 121 (November 2015): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.07.043.

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Kuravi, Sarada, Jamie Trahan, D. Yogi Goswami, Muhammad M. Rahman, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 39, no. 4 (August 2013): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2013.02.001.

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Cocco, Daniele, Mario Petrollese, and Vittorio Tola. "Exergy analysis of concentrating solar systems for heat and power production." Energy 130 (July 2017): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.112.

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Ono, Eiichi, and Joel L. Cuello. "Design parameters of solar concentrating systems for CO2-mitigating algal photobioreactors." Energy 29, no. 9-10 (July 2004): 1651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.067.

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38

García-Segura, A., F. Sutter, L. Martínez-Arcos, T. J. Reche-Navarro, F. Wiesinger, J. Wette, F. Buendía-Martínez, and A. Fernández-García. "Degradation types of reflector materials used in concentrating solar thermal systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 143 (June 2021): 110879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110879.

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Islam, M. K., M. Hasanuzzaman, and N. A. Rahim. "Modelling and analysis of the effect of different parameters on a parabolic-trough concentrating solar system." RSC Advances 5, no. 46 (2015): 36540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12919a.

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Thio, Si Kuan, and Sung-Yong Park. "Dispersive Optical Systems for Highly-Concentrated Solar Spectrum Splitting: Concept, Design, and Performance Analyses." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244719.

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We present a concept design of a solar spectrum splitting system that enables highly-concentrated solar energy harvesting over the entire AM1.5 spectral range. After passing through an array of the dispersive optical system (DOS) module composed of a grating structure and dispersive prisms below a concentrating lens, incident sunlight can be separated into two wavelength bands of visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) ranges, which can then be focused onto corresponding solar receivers. Based on the spectral response of typical crystalline silicon solar cells, the VIS wavelength band is selected from 0.4 μm to 1.2 μm to contribute to photovoltaic (PV) conversion to generate electricity. Meanwhile, the IR band in longer wavelength ranges (1.2 μm ≤ λ ≤ 2.5 μm), which does not contribute to PV conversion, can be simultaneously used for solar thermal applications such as water heating and thermoelectricity. In this paper, various design parameters (e.g., focal length of a concentrating lens, groove density of a grating, geometry of dispersive prisms, material combination of optical components, etc.) have been investigated to determine an optimum set of system configurations, using optical design software (Zemax OpticStudio 14.2). Our simulation studies validate that the DOS is able to split incident AM1.5 solar irradiance into the two wavelength bands of the VIS and IR ranges and focus each wavelength band with concentration factors as high as 798× and 755× on the same focal plane, respectively. Such high concentration factors for both wavelength bands can be actualized due to the additional optical components used—a grating structure and dispersive prisms, which allow to minimize optical aberrations through both diffraction and refraction. The proposed DOS, designed with commercially available optical components, has the potential to widen the use of the sun’s spectrum by allowing effective PV conversion of solar cells under high concentration with tolerable optical system losses and concurrently converting the remaining solar irradiation into useful energy for a broad range of thermal applications.

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Manente, Giovanni, Sergio Rech, and Andrea Lazzaretto. "Optimum choice and placement of concentrating solar power technologies in integrated solar combined cycle systems." Renewable Energy 96 (October 2016): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.066.

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Li, Guihua, Yamei Yu, and Runsheng Tang. "Performance and Design Optimization of Two-Mirror Composite Concentrating PV Systems." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112875.

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The reflectors of a linear solar concentrator investigated in this work consisted of two plane mirrors (2MCC), and they were designed in such a way that made all radiation within the acceptance angle (θa) arrive on flat-plate absorber, after less than two reflections. To investigate the performance of an east–west aligned 2MCC-based photovoltaic (PV) system (2MCPV), a mathematical procedure was suggested based on the three-dimensional radiation transfer and was validated by the ray-tracing analysis. Analysis indicated that the performance of 2MCPV was dependent on the geometry of 2MCC, the reflectivity of mirrors (ρ), and solar resources in a site, thus, given θa, an optimal geometry of 2MCC for maximizing the annual collectible radiation (ACR) and annual electricity generation (AEG) of 2MCPV in a site could be respectively found through iterative calculations. Calculation results showed that when the ρ was high, the optimal design of 2MCC for maximizing its geometric concentration (Cg) could be utilized for maximizing the ACR and AEG of 2MCPV. As compared to similar compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)-based PV systems, the 2MCPV with the tilt-angle of the aperture yearly fixed (1T-2MCPV), annually generated more electricity when the ρ was high; and the one with the tilt-angle adjusted yearly four times at three tilts (3T-2MCPV), performed better when θa < 25° and ρ > 0.7, even in sites with poor solar resources.

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Karim, M., Owen Arthur, Prasad Yarlagadda, Majedul Islam, and Md Mahiuddin. "Performance Investigation of High Temperature Application of Molten Solar Salt Nanofluid in a Direct Absorption Solar Collector." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020285.

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Nanofluids have great potential in a wide range of fields including solar thermal applications, where molten salt nanofluids have shown great potential as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) for use in high temperature solar applications. However, no study has investigated the use of molten salt nanofluids as the HTF in direct absorption solar collector systems (DAC). In this study, a two dimensional CFD model of a direct absorption high temperature molten salt nanofluid concentrating solar receiver has been developed to investigate the effects design and operating variables on receiver performance. It has been found that the Carnot efficiency increases with increasing receiver length, solar concentration, increasing height and decreasing inlet velocity. When coupled to a power generation cycle, it is predicted that total system efficiency can exceed 40% when solar concentrations are greater than 100×. To impart more emphasis on the temperature rise of the receiver, an adjusted Carnot efficiency has been used in conjunction with the upper temperature limit of the nanofluid. The adjusted total efficiency also resulted in a peak efficiency for solar concentration, which decreased with decreasing volume fraction, implying that each receiver configuration has an optimal solar concentration.

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Neumann, Andreas, Andreas Witzke, Scott A. Jones, and Gregor Schmitt. "Representative Terrestrial Solar Brightness Profiles." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 24, 2002): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1464880.

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Solar thermal energy systems often use optical imaging concentrators. The image size and shape produced in the focal plane of the concentrator system depends on the solar brightness distribution. Therefore, the forward scattering of solar radiation by the Earth’s atmosphere modifies the solar brightness distribution and creates a circumsolar aureole. The circumsolar ratio, the energy contained in the solar aureole compared to total energy, can impact the performance of these concentrating systems. Based on about 2300 sunshape measurements from sites in France, Germany, and Spain made with a camera system developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), average solar brightness profiles with a circumsolar ratio of about 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were generated. These profiles are compared to the measurements taken by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in the late 1970s and a commonly used limb-darkened solar brightness profile, as known from astronomy. A statistical analysis gives information on the frequency of occurrence of each of the average profiles. The profiles combined with the statistical weight should offer a numerical database for calculating the influence of variable conditions of the sunlight scattering on solar concentrating systems. Furthermore, a single average profile was calculated from the DLR data.

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Brent, Alan, and Marthinus Pretorius. "Industrial and commercial opportunities to utilise concentrating solar thermal systems in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i4a3226.

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A solar energy technology roadmap has been developed for South Africa. The roadmap lists a number of technological systems that fulfil three requirements from a South African perspective. First, they have clearly been demonstrated or commercialised. Second, a local industry could be stimulated including the potential to export, with associate socio-economic growth; and the other requirements of government can be met in terms of improving energy security and access, and addressing climate change. Third, they have a medium to high R&D intensity, in terms of available capacity and associate resources needed to support the further development of the technological systems. Concentrated Solar Thermal systems feature prominently in the list of technologies. These systems can generate electrical power, then referred to as Concentrating Solar Power systems, typically in the 1 to 100 MW range for on- and off-grid applications. They can also simply produce heat, typically in the 100 to 1000ºC range, primarily for commercial and industrial process applications. This paper discusses the international trends and drivers for these systems to generate power and heat, and then focuses on the specific potential in the South African context. A number of barriers to realizing the potential are discussed and recommendations are made accordingly to stimulate the growth of this industry sector in South Africa.

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Malato, S., J. Blanco, C. Richter, D. Curcó, and J. Giménez. "Low-concentrating CPC collectors for photocatalytic water detoxification: comparison with a medium concentrating solar collector." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (February 1, 1997): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0109.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP), using TiO2 suspensions under solar radiation, has been studied at pilot-plant scale at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA). Two different reactor designs were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system called a Parabolic-Trough-Collector Reactor, PTCR, equipped with two motors (azimuth and elevation) to adjust the position of the module perpendicular to the sun, and a low-concentrating radiation system, the Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Reactor, CPCR, facing south and inclined 37 degrees. Substrates were dissolved in water to required mg L−1 levels in a reservoir tank. In both cases, 0.2 g L−1 of the suspended TiO2 catalyst was used in a 250 L solution of the contaminant, which was recirculated through the photoreactors using a centrifugal pump and an intermediate reservoir tank. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of photoreactors in DCP oxidation are compared and discussed. The strong potential of photocatalytic peroxydisulphate-assisted degradation in high DCP concentrations was demonstrated in both systems, and chemical actinometry (the decomposition reaction of oxalic acid by radiated uranyl salts) in the CPC reactor is compared with the results obtained in the PTC.

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Imenes, A. G., D. Buie, and D. McKenzie. "The design of broadband, wide-angle interference filters for solar concentrating systems." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 11 (July 2006): 1579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.08.007.

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Buie, Damien. "Corrigendum to “The effective size of the solar cone for solar concentrating systems” [Solar Energy 74 (2003) 417–427]." Solar Energy 79, no. 5 (November 2005): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.004.

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Lanchi, Michela, Luca Turchetti, Salvatore Sau, Raffaele Liberatore, Stefano Cerbelli, Maria Anna Murmura, and Maria Cristina Annesini. "A Discussion of Possible Approaches to the Integration of Thermochemical Storage Systems in Concentrating Solar Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184940.

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One of the most interesting perspectives for the development of concentrated solar power (CSP) is the storage of solar energy on a seasonal basis, intending to exploit the summer solar radiation in excess and use it in the winter months, thus stabilizing the yearly production and increasing the capacity factor of the plant. By using materials subject to reversible chemical reactions, and thus storing the thermal energy in the form of chemical energy, thermochemical storage systems can potentially serve to this purpose. The present work focuses on the identification of possible integration solutions between CSP plants and thermochemical systems for long-term energy storage, particularly for high-temperature systems such as central receiver plants. The analysis is restricted to storage systems potentially compatible with temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C and using gases as heat transfer fluids. On the basis of the solar plant specifications, suitable reactive systems are identified and the process interfaces for the integration of solar plant/storage system/power block are discussed. The main operating conditions of the storage unit are defined for each considered case through process simulation.

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Li, Guihua, Jingjing Tang, and Runsheng Tang. "A Theoretical Study on Performance and Design Optimization of Linear Dielectric Compound Parabolic Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092454.

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To investigate solar leakage and effects of the geometry of linear dielectric compound parabolic concentrator with a restricted exit angle (DCPCθa/θe) on the performance of DCPCθa/θe -based photovoltaic systems (DCPVθa/θe), a three-dimensional radiation transfer model based on solar geometry and vector algebra is suggested. Analysis shows that the annual radiation loss due to leakage is sensitive to the geometry of DCPCs and tilt-angle adjustment strategy, and the optimal θe,opt for minimizing annual leakage is the one that makes the incidence angle of solar rays on the plane wall equal to the critical incidence angle for total internal reflection at solar-noon in solstices and days when tilt-angle adjustment from site latitude is made for DCPV with the aperture’s tilt-angle being yearly fixed, and adjusted two and four times, respectively. It is found that annual radiation leakage is considerable small, for DCPVs with θe < θe,opt, almost all leaked radiation comes from sky diffuse radiation, whereas for θe = 90°, most of leakage is attributed to direct sunlight. As compared to similar non-concentrating solar cells, more radiation arrives annually on solar cells of DCPVθa/θe at small angles thanks to refraction of radiation on the aperture, hence, under same operation conditions, the annual average photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells for concentrated radiation is even higher. Analysis also shows that the power increase of DCPVs, being much less than the geometric concentration of DCPCs (Ct), is mainly attributable to optical loss due to absorption of solar rays on the way to the solar cells, and the power loss due to leakage of radiation is not significant. From the point of annual electricity generation, for full DCPVs with a given θa, DCPVθa/90 are favorable, and for truncated DCPVs with given θa and Ct, DCPVs with θe < 90 are favorable; whereas from the point of contribution per unit volume of dielectric to the annual electricity generation, the situation is reversed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar concentrating systems'

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