Journal articles: 'Solar concentrator'

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Cao, Fei, Jiarui Pang, Xianzhe Gu, Miaomiao Wang, and Yanqin Shangguan. "Performance Simulation of Solar Trough Concentrators: Optical and Thermal Comparisons." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041673.

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The solar trough concentrator is used to increase the solar radiation intensity on absorbers for water heating, desalination, or power generation purposes. In this study, optical performances of four solar trough concentrators, viz. the parabolic trough concentrator (PTC), the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), the surface uniform concentrator (SUC), and the trapezoid trough concentrator (TTC), are simulated using the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing method. Mathematical models for the solar trough concentrators are first established. The solar radiation distributions on their receivers are then simulated. The solar water heating performances using the solar trough concentrators are finally compared. The results show that, as a high-concentration ratio concentrator, the PTC can achieve the highest heat flux, but suffers from the worst uniformity on the absorber, which is only 0.32%. The CPC can generate the highest heat flux among the rest three low-concentration ratio solar trough concentrators. Compared with the PTC and the CPC, the TTC has better uniformity, but its light-receiving ratio is only 70%. The SUC is beneficial for its highest uniformity of 87.38%. Thermal analysis results show that the water temperatures inside the solar trough concentrators are directly proportional to their wall temperature, with the highest temperature rise in the PTC and the smallest temperature rise in the TTC. The solar trough concentrators’ thermal deformations are positively correlated to their wall temperatures. The radial deformation of the SUC is much larger than those of other solar trough concentrators. The smallest equivalent stress is found in the SUC, which is beneficial to the long-term operation of the solar water heating system.

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Alamoudi, Abdullah, Syed Muhammad Saaduddin, Abu Bakar Munir, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin, Ridoan Karim, et al. "Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113056.

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Solar energy has demonstrated promising prospects in satisfying energy requirements, specifically through solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Despite that, the cost of installation is deemed as the main hurdle to the widespread uptake of solar PV systems due to the use of expensive PV material in the module. At this point, we argue that a reduction in PV cost could be achieved through the usage of concentrator. A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the collection of sun rays and focusing them onto a lesser PV area. The cost of the solar module could then be reduced on the assumption that the cost of introducing the solar concentrator in the solar module design is much lower than the cost of the removed PV material. Static concentrators, in particular, have great promise due to their ability to be integrated at any place of the building, usually on the building facade, windows and roof, due to their low geometrical concentration. This paper provides a historic context on the development of solar concentrators and showcases the latest technological development in static PV concentrators including non-imaging compound parabolic concentrator, V-trough, luminescent solar concentrator and quantum dot concentrator. We anticipated that the static low concentrating PV (LCPV) system could serve to enhance the penetration of PV technology in the long run to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7—to open an avenue to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030.

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Eldallal, G. M., M. S. Abou-Elwafa, M. A. Elgammal, and S. M. Bedair. "concentrator solar cells." Renewable Energy 6, no. 7 (October 1995): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(95)00010-h.

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Ullah, Fahim, Mansoor K. Khattak, and Kang Min. "Experimental investigation of the comparison of compound parabolic concentrator and ordinary heat pipe-type solar concentrator." Energy & Environment 29, no. 5 (February 21, 2018): 770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18759791.

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In this research study, we have compared between the two different concentrators with the flat absorber plate receiver of the compound parabolic concentrator heat pipe solar concentrator and ordinary heat pipe flat plate solar concentrator. For the reproduction of solar radiation in the experiment, iodine tungsten lamp was used. Thermal performance comparison of the two types of solar concentrator under different simulating radiation intensity conditions was carried out with including the fluid temperature, instantaneous efficiency, average efficiency, and average heat loss coefficient. The results of the experiment indicate that the compound parabolic concentrator heat pipe-type solar concentrator not only increased the fluid temperature and instantaneous efficiency but also decreased the average heat loss coefficient as compared with the ordinary heat pipe flat plate solar concentrator. It was noticed from the experimental results that the efficiency of compound parabolic heat pipe solar concentrator was higher than ordinary heat pipe solar concentrator up to 6 and 10°C with the light intensity, that is I = 679 W/m2 and I = 892 W/m2, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that the using of compound parabolic heat pipe solar concentrator increased the thermal performance of solar concentrator.

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H. Shneishil, Alaa, Emad J. Mahdi, and Mohammed A. Hantosh. "Evaluation the Performance of CPV with Different Concentration Ratio." Mustansiriyah Journal for Sciences and Education 20, no. 5 (June 6, 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47831/mjse.v20i5.670.

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The present work aims at decrease the cost of the photovoltaic (PV) solar system by decreasing the area of expensive solar cells by low cost optical concentrators that give the same output power. Output power of two types’ monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells has been measured with and without presence of linear focus Fresnel lenses (FL) with different concentration ratios. Cooling system has been used to decrease the effect of temperature on solar cell performance. The results indicated that the increase in the output power is about 5.3 times by using Fresnel lens concentrator without using cooling system in comparison with solar cell without concentrator, while it is about 14.6 times by using cooling system. The efficiency of monocrystalline solar cell without cooling system is about 11.2% for solar irradiance 0.698 kW/m2, this value decrease to 3.3% for solar irradiance 12.4 kW/m2 and concentration ratio 17.7 by using Fresnel lens concentrator, while when using cooling system the efficiency enhance to 12.9% and 8.8% for solar irradiance 0.698 and 12.4, respectively.

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Nikitin, Victor, Roman Zaitsev, Tatiana Khramova, and Alina Khrypunova. "DEVELOPMENT OF A FACETED CONCENTRATOR FOR A COMBINED PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 5-6(171-172) (November 30, 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2022.05.04.

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This article examines the features of solar energy concentrators. The characteristics of the currently existing types of solar energy concentration systems are given: a weak concentration system and a high concentration system. Their design features and shortcomings are given. It is noted that Frenel lenses are one of the most widely used concentrators, but their optical efficiency is limited by low or high temperatures, as a change in the refractive index or deformation of the Frenel lens structure is observed due to thermal expansion. Fresnel lenses, which focus solar radiation on an area of up to 1 cm 2, do not allow the utilization of excess thermal energy. The complex geometric shape of parabolic concentrators determines the expensive technology of their manufacture, which, in turn, significantly increases the cost of the electric energy produced by them. Luminescent solar concentrators have a low coefficient of concentration of solar energy. The conducted analysis showed that the existing concentrators of solar radiation do not allow to create competitive compared to traditional sources of electrical energy photo-energy installations that work at high levels of concentration of solar radiation and utilize excess thermal energy. In order to solve the mentioned problems, the authors developed a faceted concentrator of solar radiation, gave its characteristics and presented a laboratory sample. Questions of optimization of the adjustment of the concentrator are investigated. A report on the mock-up tests conducted has been published.

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Sitorus, Agustami, Muhamad Muslih, Oscar Haris, Dewi Sartika Thamren, and Ramayanty Bulan. "Performance of Solar Concentrator with and without Mirror Coating Paper." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2171.

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The utilization of solar energy continues to be developed to get the best efficiency. This energy can be used for electricity generation, cooling, and/or drying. One technology that is still under development is the use of solar concentrators. Therefore, our paper aims to measure the performance of the development of a solar collection unit coated with mirror paper. Furthermore, the data is compared with the test data for solar concentrators without mirror paper that was carried out by previous researchers in 2019. The method used in this research is a field experiment. A simple statistical comparison method was carried out on the experimental data. Field testing was conducted after the solar concentrator was coated with mirror paper. The test was carried out for 5 days in full shining sun conditions in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. The surface coating of the solar concentrator with mirror paper has not been able to improve the performance of the solar concentrator satisfactorily. Solar concentrators can heat the fluid from its initial average temperature of 19.37 %. HIGHLIGHTS Several field tests were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of solar concentrators with and without mirror coated paper The fluid temperature heated with coated paper in a solar concentrator provides a higher temperature than without paper coating Solar concentrator with mirror coated paper has potential as an alternative for covering the surface of the solar concentrator GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Lipiński, W., and A. Steinfeld. "Annular Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (March 8, 2005): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2148970.

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The annular compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a body of revolution consisting of two axisymmetric surfaces produced by rotating a classical two-dimensional CPC around an axis parallel to the CPCs axis. Its ability to further concentrate incoming radiation when used in tandem with a primary solar parabolic concentrator is analyzed by the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. Potential applications are found in capturing the annular portion of primary concentrated solar radiation and augmenting its power flux intensity.

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Behera, Debashree Debadatta, Ayush kumar Sahu, Subrat Nayak, Soumya Sonali Kar, Gagan Patra, and Sushmita Rani Pradhan. "Performance Evaluation of a Solar Parabolic trough Concentrator." AMBIENT SCIENCE 9, no. 01 (June 2022): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ambi.2022.09.2.nn02.

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Mohammed, Mokhtar, and Taha Janan Mourad. "Development of Solar Desalination Units Using Solar Concentrators or/and Internal Reflectors." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 12, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2021.8304.

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Solar distillation is one of the oldest and simplest technologies for desalination of salty water using renewable energy, namely solar energy, and the main problem of solar distillers is the low freshwater yield in contrast to the amount of energy input from the sun. To overcome the problem, this study develops three solar desalination units by using solar concentrators or/and internal reflectors, and compares the performance of three developed systems with the one of a conventional solar distiller under the climatic conditions of the Rabat region of Morocco. The three systems are: the solar distiller with a solar concentrator, the solar distiller with internal reflectors, and the solar distiller with a solar concentrator and internal reflectors. The energy balance equations of the systems are numerically resolved to utilize MATLAB software. The findings indicate that the utilization of the internal reflectors, the solar concentrator, and the solar concentrator and internal reflectors give better performance compared to the conventional solar distiller.

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NAGASE, Yoshinori, Shigeki TOMOMTSU, Jun SUZUKI, Takuma KIKUNAGA, Ryuusuke KAWAMURA, and Koji MATSUBARA. "618 Experiments of Solar Concentration on Receiver Models using Solar Concentrator." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2015.68 (2015): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2015.68.245.

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Barik, Puspendu, and Manik Pradhan. "Plasmonic luminescent solar concentrator." Solar Energy 216 (March 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.01.018.

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13

Kussul, E., T. Baidyk, F. Lara-Rosano, J. M. Saniger, N. Bruce, and C. Estrada. "Micro-facet solar concentrator." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 27, no. 2 (June 2008): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786450802264851.

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14

Werthen, J. G. "Multijunction concentrator solar cells." Solar Cells 21, no. 1-4 (June 1987): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(87)90150-5.

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Saleh, Imhamed, E. M. Elmabrouk, and F. A. Taher. "Design and Otimisation OF 2-D Static Solar Concentrator." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v10i1.112.

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A non-imaging solar concentrator system of reflecting surfaces redirects the solar radiation from the source to target (receiver). This work is focused on a 2-D elliptical hyperboloid geometric design of static solar collectors, though many design concepts and procedures for 2-D static solar collector is discussed in this paper. Based on the general equation for a solar concentrator, parameters vary slightly to determine the optical efficiency. 2-D MATLAB code is written to obtain the different shapes of the concentrator. The resultsof 2-D hyperboloid concentrator (2-DHC) has been reported. The optical efficiency, effective concentration ratio, receiver major axis and concentrator height have been investigated through ray trace analysis. The optimisation of the concentrator profile and geometry is also carried out, based on the geometrical concentration ratio. The maximum optical efficiency is found to be 51% and the maximum acceptance angle of ±60° was achieved

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Rinco´n, Eduardo A., and Fidel A. Osorio. "A New Troughlike Nonimaging Solar Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1435650.

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A new two-dimensional concentrator for solar energy collection has been developed. The concentrator has the following advantages, when compared with the classic Compound Parabolic Concentrators invented by Roland Winston, W. T. Welford, A. Rabl, Baranov, and other researchers: 1) It allows the use of parabolic mirrors, which have a reflecting area much smaller for a given concentration ratio and acceptance angle. 2) Between the mirror and the absorber, there is a large gap so that conduction losses are reduced. Convection losses can be reduced, too, if the absorber is enclosed within a glass tube. 3) It can be easily manufactured. Instead of seeking the shape of the mirrors for a given shape of the absorber, we have made the inverse statement of the problem, and we have obtained the optimal shapes of the absorbers with a prescribed acceptance angle, for parabolic mirrors, assuming that the intercept factor is unity, the mirrors are perfect, and the absorber surfaces are convex. The concentrator should be east-west oriented, and could be seasonal or monthly tilt adjusted. This concentrator could have many practical applications, such as fluid heating, steam generation, etc.

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Li, Guiqiang, and Yi Jin. "Optical Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Fresnel Solar Concentrator with a New Hybrid Second Optical Element." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4970256.

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Fresnel solar concentrator is one of the most common solar concentrators in solar applications. For high Fresnel concentrating PV or PV/T systems, the second optical element (SOE) is the key component for the high optical efficiency at a wider deflection angle, which is important for overcoming unavoidable errors from the tacking system, the Fresnel lens processing and installment technology, and so forth. In this paper, a new hybrid SOE was designed to match the Fresnel solar concentrator with the concentration ratio of 1090x. The ray-tracing technology was employed to indicate the optical properties. The simulation outcome showed that the Fresnel solar concentrator with the new hybrid SOE has a wider deflection angle scope with the high optical efficiency. Furthermore, the flux distribution with different deviation angles was also analyzed. In addition, the experiment of the Fresnel solar concentrator with the hybrid SOE under outdoor condition was carried out. The verifications from the electrical and thermal outputs were all made to analyze the optical efficiency comprehensively. The optical efficiency resulting from the experiment is found to be consistent with that from the simulation.

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Thirunavukkarasu, V., and M. Cheralathan. "Thermal Performance of Solar Parabolic Dish Concentrator with Hetero-Conical Cavity Receiver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.197.

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Concentrated solar collectors have high efficiency as compared to flat plate and evacuated tube solar collectors. Cavity receivers are mainly used on the parabolic dish concentrators and tower type concentrator systems. The heat transfer surfaces of cavity receiver are composed by coiled metal tube. Heat transfer fluid flows in the internal spaces of coiled metal tube, and the external surfaces would absorb the highly concentrated solar energy. This paper explains the thermal performance of parabolic dish concentrator system with hetero-conical cavity receiver. The experimental analysis was done during the month of April 2014 on clear sunny days at Chennai [Latitude: 13.08oN, Longitude: 80.27oE] to study its thermal performance.

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Iqbal, Waseem, Irfan Ullah, and Seoyong Shin. "Nonimaging High Concentrating Photovoltaic System Using Trough." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031336.

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Solar energy is a long-established technology, which has zero CO2 emissions, and provides low-cost energy for a given area of land. The concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) has been given preference over the photovoltaic due to its high efficiency. In a CPV system, most of the solar cell area has been replaced with an optical concentrator. Various parabolic trough based CPV systems have been presented where a concentration of <300 is achieved. In the current research, a design is presented to achieve a high concentration of 622×. The design consists of two stages of concentration including parabolic trough as a main concentrator and nonimaging reflective grooves as a secondary concentrator. The trough reflects the incident light towards the secondary reflector where the light is redirected over the solar cell. Design of the two-stage concentrator, ray-tracing simulation, and results are presented. The system achieved an optical efficiency of 79%. The system would also be highly acceptable in solar thermal applications owing to its high concentration.

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Lei, Peng, Jun Yuan Lai, Jiong Ma, and Peng Jin. "Simulation and On-Site Performance of a Novel 3D Concentrator for Photovoltaic Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.1467.

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We presented a family of new 3D concentrators. Simulations showed they could significantly increase the illumination on objective plane compared with 2D trough concentrators. A 3D concentrator prototype with a nominal 35° half acceptance angle was made. Its performance was tested under an indoor solar simulator and by on-site experiment. Under solar simulator, a low cost poly-silicon solar cell coupled with a 3D concentrator achieved a 2.25 times of maximum output power compared with a similar bare solar cell. In the on-site experiment, poly-silicon solar cell with a 3D compound parabolic based reflective concentrator gained an average of 1.4 times maximum output power when the incidence sunlight within the critical angle.

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Yang, Chih-Ciao, C. H. Jang, Jinn-Kong Sheu, Ming-Lun Lee, Shang-Ju Tu, Feng-Wen Huang, Yu-Hsiang Yeh, and Wei-Chih Lai. "Characteristics of InGaN-based concentrator solar cells operating under 150X solar concentration." Optics Express 19, S4 (May 18, 2011): A695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.00a695.

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Sabry, Mohamed, and Abdelrahman Lashin. "Performance of a Heat-Pipe Cooled Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric Hybrid System." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031438.

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Compared to traditional one-sun solar cells, multijunction concentrator cells operating under concentrated solar radiation are advantageous because of their high output and low cooling costs. Such a concentrator PV requires a cooling technique to maintain its performance and efficiency. The performance of a multi-junction concentrator photovoltaic cell of efficiency around 33%, operating under concentrated solar radiation (160–250 sun), has been tested. Heat pipes were used in this study as a fast and efficient way of rejecting heat accumulated in the cells. In this work, the evaporator side of the heat pipe was set in thermal contact with the back side of the solar cell such that the excess heat was transferred efficiently to the other side (condenser side). To positively utilize such excessive heat, two thermoelectric generators were thermally attached to either side of the condenser of the heat pipe, and each was attached to a fin-shaped heat sink. Four different cooling configurations were tested and compared. The net power obtained by this concentrator solar cell employing two types of TEG with different lengths as a cooling alongside two thermoelectric generators for heat-to-electricity conversion was 20% and 17%, corresponding to the long and short heat pipe configurations, respectively, compared to traditional a heat sink only configured at an optical concentration of 230 suns.

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Andreev, V. M., A. S. Vlasov, V. P. Khvostikov, O. A. Khvostikova, P. Y. Gazaryan, S. V. Sorokina, and N. A. Sadchikov. "Solar Thermophotovoltaic Converters Based on Tungsten Emitters." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 3 (May 10, 2006): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2734576.

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Results of a solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system study are reported. Modeling of the STPV module performance and the analysis of various parameters influencing the system are presented. The ways for the STPV system efficiency to increase and their magnitude are considered such as: improvement of the emitter radiation selectivity and application of selective filters for better matching the emitter radiation spectrum and cell photoresponse; application of the cells with a back side reflector for recycling the sub-band gap photons; and development of low-band gap tandem TPV cells for better utilization of the radiation spectrum. Sunlight concentrator and STPV modules were designed, fabricated, and tested under indoor and outdoor conditions. A cost-effective sunlight concentrator with Fresnel lens was developed as a primary concentrator and a secondary quartz meniscus lens ensured the high concentration ratio of ∼4000×, which is necessary for achieving the high efficiency of the concentrator–emitter system owing to trap escaping radiation. Several types of STPV modules have been developed and tested under concentrated sunlight. Photocurrent density of 4.5A∕cm2 was registered in a photoreceiver based on 1×1cm2GaSb cells under a solar powered tungsten emitter.

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Alpatov, A. P., O. A. Fokov, I. M. Statsenko, B. M. Rassamakin, A. H. Shmireva, D. G. Belov, S. V. Medvednikov, G. I. Tarasov, I. I. Perekopskiy, and V. S. Khoroshylov. "«Concentrator» Experiment Processes of solar energy conversion into electric energy in the advanced multiplayer photo cells in a complex with solar radiation concentrators." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2000): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2000.04.147.

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Saakian, Alexander. "Mathematical modeling of electricity production by a PV installation for the conditions of the Republic of Mari El." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 47 (September 29, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20215505.

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The authors built a mathematical model of the production of electricity by a PV installation with a grid inverter, intended for power supply of a rural residential building, for the conditions of the central part of the Republic of Mari El. Authors considered several options for the PV system: fixed-tilt PV panels, PV panels with a solar tracking system and a concentrator PV system. The most effective in terms of the electricity sold is the concentrator PV system. Compared to the version of the system with fixed-tilt PV panels, the use of concentrators provides a more than threefold increase (with a solar radiation concentration factor of 2) in the annual volume of electricity sold. For the variant of the system with PV panels with the solar tracking system (without concentrators), the analogous figure is 18.4%. The cost of electricity sold per year (at a price of 3.2 rubles / kWh) for three variants of the system will be: the system with fixed-tilt PV panels – 9140 rubles, the system with PV panels with the solar tracking system - 10820 rubles, the concentrator PV system - 30250 rubles. Keywords: PV INSTALLATION, MATHEMATICAL MODELING, VOLUME OF SOLD ELECTRICITY

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Reinders, Angèle, Ravi Kishore, Lenneke Slooff, and Wouter Eggink. "Luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic designs." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 57, no. 8S3 (July 10, 2018): 08RD10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.57.08rd10.

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Fujii, Maki, and Hiroshi Kayano. "Solar Concentrator using Phase Hologram." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 85, no. 7 (2001): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.85.7_484.

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Karp, Jason H., Eric J. Tremblay, and Joseph E. Ford. "Planar micro-optic solar concentrator." Optics Express 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.001122.

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Hernandez-Noyola, Hermilo, David H. Potterveld, Roy J. Holt, and Seth B. Darling. "Optimizing luminescent solar concentrator design." Energy Environ. Sci. 5, no. 2 (2012): 5798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ee02376d.

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Sansoni, P., F. Francini, and D. Fontani. "Optical characterisation of solar concentrator." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 45, no. 3 (March 2007): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2005.02.009.

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Sidahmed, Abrar, and Adrian Kitai. "Tandem Ce:YAG fluorescent solar concentrator." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 145 (February 2016): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.027.

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León, Noel, Héctor García, and Carlos Ramírez. "Semi-passive Solar Tracking Concentrator." Energy Procedia 57 (2014): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.032.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Parabola Dish and Cassegrain Concentrators to Improve Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.571-576.

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New designs of solar using ray tracing program, have been presented for improved the performance and the out put power of the silicon solar cell, as well as reducing the cost of system working by solar energy. Two dimensional solar concentrator (Fresnel lenses) and three dimensional concentrators (parabola dish and cassegrain) were used as concentrator for photovoltaic applications (CPV). The results show that the performance efficiency and out power for crystalline silicon solar cells are improved.

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PORTELA, Lino Wagner Castelo Branco, Ana Fabíola Leite ALMEIDA, Erilson de Sousa BARBOSA, Kleber Lima CEZAR, and Patrick Abreu OLIVEIRA. "ENERGY ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF A PARABOLIC CYLINDRICAL SOLAR COLLECTOR AIDED BY SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.71_p34_pgs_53_61.pdf.

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Over the last few years, countries such as Brazil, the United States, Germany, and China have been receiving significant investments to advance the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, biomass and wind. This has been due to the growing demand for electricity due to population increase and the evolution of industrial activities. Solar energy can be enjoyed by using solar concentrators that are commonly used in solar thermal systems where the working fluid reaches higher temperatures than can be obtained from other collectors. These concentrators are responsible for providing the thermal energy supply. This research analyzed the energy influence of Parabolic Solar Concentrator technology aided by a solar tracking system, taking into account its energy balance and thermal efficiency calculation. The concentrator had an optical efficiency of 81 % and was able to achieve average thermal efficiency values between 21.8 % and 24.7 % under maximum solar radiation conditions between 900 W/m² and 990 W/m². The temperature of the absorber tube used to receive the concentration of sunlight reached temperatures between 80 °C and 98.6 °C, allowing the system working fluid a temperature to reach values above 100 °C. These results show the ability of this type of solar collector to provide power for thermal applications such as heating water for industrial or domestic processes, food dehydration, and drying, refrigeration, thermal desalination and microgeneration of electricity. Besides, the thermal efficiency (between 21.8 % and 24.7 %) was satisfactory when considering the type of concentrator, which also validates the electronic tracking system as it was able to track the relative movement of the sun and favor the increase of thermal efficiency of the system.

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Jaffe, Paul, David Scheiman, and Karina Hemmendinger. "Concentrated Solar Radiation Simulation For Space Solar Power Module Vacuum Testing." Journal of the IEST 57, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.57.1.46133400w668lt58.

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Space Solar Power (SSP) is broadly defined as the collection of solar energy in space and its wireless transmission for use on Earth. The implementation of such a system could offer energy security, environmental, and technological advantages. The Integrated Symmetrical Concentrator (ISC) and Modular Symmetrical Concentrator (MSC) concepts have received considerable attention among recent commonly proposed SSP implementations. Each concept employs an array of modules for performing conversion of concentrated sunlight into microwaves for transmission to Earth. Until the efforts of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, no module prototypes had been subjected to the challenging conditions inherent to the space environment. The customized space simulation testing and the associated development described in this paper detail the efforts to test a prototype module in vacuum under multiple suns of solar concentration. A small vacuum chamber and 4000W Xenon light source were adapted to provide the desired test conditions. In particular, much effort was devoted to arriving at an effective, inexpensive solution that was consistent with the budget constraints of the project without compromising the fidelity and relevance of the tests.

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Barbosa, Flávia V., João L. Afonso, Filipe B. Rodrigues, and José C. F. Teixeira. "Development of a solar concentrator with tracking system." Mechanical Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 17, 2016): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-7-233-2016.

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Abstract. Solar Energy has been, since the beginning of human civilization, a source of energy that raised considerable interest, and the technology used for their exploitation has developed constantly. Due to the energetic problems which society has been facing, the development of technologies to increase the efficiency of solar systems is of paramount importance. The solar concentration is a technology that has been used for many years by the scientist, because this system enables the concentration of solar energy in a focus, which allows a significant increase in energy intensity. The receiver, placed at the focus of the concentrator, can use the stored energy to produce electrical energy through Stirling engine, for example, or to produce thermal energy by heating a fluid that can be used in a thermal cycle. The efficiency of solar concentrators can be improved with the addition of a dual axis solar tracker system which allows a significant increase in the amount of stored energy. In response to the aforementioned, this paper presents the design and construction of a solar dish concentrator with tracking system at low cost, the optical and thermal modelling of this system and a performance analysis through experimental tests. The experimental validation allows to conclude that the application of a tracking system to the concentrator is very important since a minimum delay of the solar radiation leads to important losses of system efficiency. On the other hand, it is found that the external factors can affect the final results which include the optical and geometrical properties of the collector, the absorptivity and the position of the receiver as well as the weather conditions (essentially the wind speed and clouds). Thus, the paper aims to present the benefits of this technology in a world whose the consumption of energy by fossil fuels is a real problem that society needs to face.

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Wang, Zi Long, Hua Zhang, Hai Tao Zhang, and Ye Li. "Characteristics of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells with Concentration Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.773.

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The research on automatic tracking solar concentrator photovoltaic system research has become one of issues of solar PV technology. Aiming at the problem of cell performance degradation which caused by the non-uniform illumination in the concentrating photovoltaic system. A dish-style concentrating photovoltaic system with second stage concentrator was designed and built in this article. The author measured the performance of three junction GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cell. According to experiment result, the Pmm of solar cell was increased from 1.54 W/cm2 to 1.88 W/cm2. The η of solar cell was increased from 32% to 34.1% separately that compared with the concentrating photovoltaic system which without the second stage concentrator at the same concentration ratio(150X)

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Vu, Hoang, Ngoc Hai Vu, and Seoyong Shin. "Static Concentrator Photovoltaics Module for Electric Vehicle Applications Based on Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 6951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196951.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PVs) are new technologies that will play an important role in the transportation industry over the next decade. Using solar panels on the roofs of cars is one of the simplest ways to reduce fuel costs and increase the mobility of electric vehicles. Solar electric cars can be charged anywhere under the Sun without additional infrastructure, but the problem is the size of the solar panel is limited on the roof and the electricity conversion efficiency of the panel is only 15% to 20%. This means they will not provide significant electricity to EVs. An effective way to increase efficiency is to utilize multi-junction solar cells with concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technology. The challenge is that the moving sun-tracking mechanism will reduce the stability of the vehicle structure. To solve this issue, in this research, we present a static concentrator photovoltaic system for electric vehicles. This structure is more stable and simpler than CPV systems using sun-tracking mechanisms and thus suitable for car roof application. The CPV system includes solid compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs), three-junction solar cells, and a crystalline Si cell panel. This structure allows for the manufacture of a static CPV with a geometrical concentration ratio of 4× for three-junction cells. The simulation results showed that the module can achieve 25% annual efficiency. Moreover, it can be flexible to meet the requirements of car roof application.

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A., Rusul F., and Alaa B. H. "Efficiency Evaluation of Solar Concentrator without Tracking System Type of Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 34, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/34.2.2609.

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It is useful to analyze any optical system theoretically before proceeding with its design in order to ensure the effectiveness of the design through computer simulations that are important and useful in designs for the ability to predict the performance of solar concentrator under any conditions. For this design, non-sequential ray tracing mode wasused in the Zimax program with a light source that simulated solar radiation. The purpose of the design of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is to take advantage of the solar radiation that falls on it without the need for an efficiently tracked system within certain limits of the angle of solar radiation fall known as the acceptance angle. That is, obtaining the largest possible number of rays received inside the CPC through reflections in the inner walls of it, which give a large amount of thermal energy to the surface of the recipient, which in turn gets this energy to be used to create electrical energy. The efficiency of receiving reflected solar radiation in this type of concentrator is great compared to other solar concentrators. Simulated design of solar reflector concentrator has been presented. The concentrator is a type of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) involved of internal reflector surface (Hollow and within Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer material) without tracking system. CPC has the property to overcome problems result from variation of incidence angle of the sun during daytime. Because the tracking system expensive and has technical problems. The efficiency of CPC has been obtained by using Zemax optical design program, for different designs has concentration ratio(c=1,2,3,4,5). That is, the ratio of the output aperture to the input aperture. Taking into account the angle of acceptance that plays a major role in the form of design and its efficiency the results are shown when designing the model with radial aperture of (50mm) and length of (500mm).The design of concentrations ratio is depends on the acceptance angle. c=5 at normal incident angle (ÆŸ=0). And it is almost similar if the material is used PMMA within CPC, and degradation of efficiency with increasing the incidence angle.

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Yang, Yang, Guanheng Fan, Xiangfei Ji, and Mengchen Pei. "Modular Line-Focused Space Solar Power Satellite." Aerospace 8, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030082.

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The Space Solar Power Satellite is an ultra-large space structure, which collects sunlight directly in space and then transmits it into the ground. Since the idea was invented in 1968, scientists around the world have proposed several typical conceptual design models. Nevertheless, the conceptual models have not been implemented for technological, manufacturing, and cost reasons. This paper presents a novel Space Solar Power Satellite scheme with modular line-focused concentrators and low concentration photovoltaic modules. First, the line-focused mode is analyzed and the optical performance of the circular trough concentrator is evaluated via ray-trace technique. Then, shape optimization for the cell array based on the Bézier curve is carried out to improve the optical property. Numerical examples indicate that the optimized cell array could obtain high power collection efficiency and suitable energy distribution. Moreover, the area of the photovoltaic cell array is reduced, which is conducive to cost reduction. Furthermore, modular design is conducted on the circular trough concentrator. Finally, the primary scheme of the novel Space Solar Power Satellite is designed with the previous modular concentrator and optimized cell array.

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Jenkins, D., R. Winston, J. Bliss, J. O’Gallagher, A. Lewandowski, and C. Bingham. "Solar Concentration of 50,000 Achieved With Output Power Approaching 1 kW." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2870882.

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We have achieved a 50,000 ± 3,000 times concentration of sunlight using a unique dielectric nonimaging concentrator in an experiment performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The scale of the experiment is several times larger than that of previous experiments. Total output power approaching 1 kW passes through a 4.6 mm diameter aperture. An extractor tip is added to the concentrator profile which allows measurement of flux levels using an air calorimeter. This new device has the potential to allow the use of dielectric concentrators at larger scale for thermal electric power generation. We report on the implications of this experiment for the future use of dielectric concentrators.

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Foster, Stephania, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, Daria Freier Raine, Jose Deciga-Gusi, Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar, Nurul Aini Bani, Abu Bakar Munir, Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud, and Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. "Assessment of the RACPC Performance under Diffuse Radiation for Use in BIPV System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103552.

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In the last four decades there has been a significant increase in solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, which makes solar one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Following this trend, solar power would become the world’s largest source of electricity by 2050. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, in which conventional materials can be replaced with PV panels that become an integral part of the building, can be enhanced with concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems. In order to increase the cost efficiency of a BIPV system, an optical concentrator can be used to replace expensive PV material with a lower cost option, whilst increasing the electrical output through the concentration of solar power. A concentrator called rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC) was analysed in this work under diffuse light conditions. Software simulations and experimental work were carried out to determine the optical concentration gain of the concentrator. Results from this work show that, under diffuse light, the RACPC has an optical concentration gain of 2.12. The experimental work showed a value of 2.20, which confirms the results with only a 3.8% difference.

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Schneider, F. P., C. E. C. Nogueira, Fernando Toniazzo, S. N. M. Souza, J. A. C. Siqueira, I. L. Nogueira, and D. R. Santos. "Characterization of a Water Heating System Using Solar Collector With Conical Concentrator." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 12 (November 15, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n12p405.

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This study aimed to evaluate a solar water heating system for using on residences, using a solar collector with conical concentrator. The principle of light concentration in a solar collector with conical concentrator is the capture and reflection of solar radiation in the center of a tapered concentrator with internal reflective faces. The area of concentration of solar energy is occupied by a receiver with material of high thermal conductivity, properly isolated by transparent surfaces, to form the greenhouse effect, where the thermal energy is transferred to a working fluid. The characterization of the system was done through field tests to determine the efficiency in the water heating. The tests were performed considering different scenarios, which varied according to the heating system (passive and active with different water flow) and solar tracking (manual adjustment and stationary). The results showed that the scenarios with solar tracking presented an average efficiency of 12.63%, which was more efficient than those presented by the fixed orientation, which was 11.44%. Besides that, it was verified that the active solar heating systems were more efficient than the passive ones.

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Caron, Simon, Marc Röger, and Michael Wullenkord. "Selection of Solar Concentrator Design Concepts for Planar Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Devices." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195196.

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Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising pathway for solar-driven hydrogen production with a low environmental footprint. The utilization of solar concentrators to supply such water splitting devices with concentrated solar irradiation offers great potential to enhance the economic viability of water splitting at “sunny” site locations. In this work, we defined a set of functional requirements for solar concentrators to assess their suitability to power such water splitting devices, taking into account concentrator optical performance, device coupling efficiency, perceived system complexity, as well as technological costs and risks. We identified, classified and compared a broad range of existing solar concentrator design concepts. Our geometrical analysis, performed on a yearly basis with a one-minute time step, shows that two-axis tracking concentrators with water splitting devices positioned parallel to the optical aperture plane exhibit the highest potential, given the initial conditions applied for the device tilt constraints. Demanding an angle of at least 20° between horizontal and the front side of the water splitting device, allows the device to be operational for 97% of the daylight time in Seville, Spain. The relative loss with respect to the available direct normal irradiance is estimated to 6%. Results moderately depend on the location of application, but generally confirm that the consideration of tilt angle constraints is essential for a comprehensive performance assessment of photoelectrochemical water splitting driven by concentrated sunlight.

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Wang, Zilong, Hua Zhang, Wei Zhao, Zhigang Zhou, and Mengxun Chen. "The Effect of Concentrated Light Intensity on Temperature Coefficient of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cell." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010106.

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Research on automatic tracking solar concentrator photovoltaic systems has gained increasing attention in developing the solar PV technology. A paraboloidal concentrator with secondary optic is developed for a three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell. The concentration ratio of this system is 200 and the photovoltaic cell is cooled by the heat pipe. A detailed analysis on the temperature coefficient influence factors of triple-junction solar cell under different high concentrations (75X, 100X, 125X, 150X, 175X and 200X) has been conducted based on the dish-style concentration photovoltaic system. The results show that under high concentrated light intensity, the temperature coefficient of Voc of triple-junction solar cell is increasing as the concentration ratio increases, from -10.84 mV/°C @ 75X growth to -4.73mV/°C @ 200X. At low concentration, the temperature coefficient of Voc increases rapidly, and then increases slowly as the concentration ratio increases. The temperature dependence of η increased from -0.346%/°C @ 75X growth to - 0.103%/°C @ 200X and the temperature dependence of Pmm and FF increased from -0.125 W/°C, -0.35%/°C @ 75X growth to -0.048W/°C, -0.076%/°C @ 200X respectively. It indicated that the temperature coefficient of three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell is better than that of crystalline silicon cell array under concentrating light intensity.

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Kulkarni, Mohan, Sunil Dingre, and Chandrakant Kulkarni. "A comparative study and graphical analysis in designing and operation of Solar Thermal circular concentrator for enhancing efficiency of solar concentrating system." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001001.

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The present line concentrator system with constant concentration ratio exhibits rise in temperature of working media, however if the difference between outlet and inlet temperature of working media is large then they exhibit lower efficiency. Also the rate of fall of efficiency with increase in its temperature difference is high. To overcome this problem it is proposed to have a variable concentration ratio concentrator system. The variable concentration ratio is achieved by employing receiver consisting of the pipes having different diameters; with the larger diameter pipe at start followed by small diameter receiver. Thus, the concentrator system will have different diameter receivers offering variable concentration ratio system. This concept is confirmed with the help of G.O. Lof, Fester and Duffie Beck paper. The present paper describes above concept by graphical analysis carried out for the newly proposed circular line concentrator with variable concentration ratio. The results of superimposition of graphs leads to confirmation for the promisingly use of variable concentration ratio receivers for enhancing efficiency of solar concentrating system.

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Vu, Duc Tu, Ngoc Minh Kieu, Tran Quoc Tien, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, Hoang Vu, Seoyong Shin, and Ngoc Hai Vu. "Solar Concentrator Bio-Inspired by the Superposition Compound Eye for High-Concentration Photovoltaic System up to Thousands Fold Factor." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093406.

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We have proposed a fruitful design principle targeting a concentration ratio (CR) >1000× for a typical high concentrating photovoltaics (HCPV) system, on account of a two-concentrator system + homogenizer. The principle of a primary dual-lens concentrator unit, completely analogous basic optics seen in the superposition compound eyes, is a trend not hitherto reported for solar concentrators to our knowledge. Such a concentrator unit, consisting of two aspherical lenses, can be applied to minify the sunlight and reveal useful effects. We underline that, at this stage, the CR can be attained by two orders of magnitude simply by varying the radius ratio of such two lenses known from the optics side. The output beam is spatially minimized and nearly parallel, exactly as occurs in the superposition compound eye. In our scheme, thanks to such an array of dual-lens design, a sequence of equidistant focal points is formed. The secondary concentrator consists of a multi-reflective channel, which can collect all concentrated beams from the primary concentrator to a small area where a solar cell is placed. The secondary concentrator is located right underneath the primary concentrator. The optical characteristics are substantiated by optical simulations that confirm the applicability of thousands-fold gain in CR value, ~1100×. This, however, also reduced the uniformity of the illumination area. To regain the uniformity, we devise a fully new homogenizer, hinging on the scattering principle. A calculated optical efficiency for the entire system is ~75%. Experimentally, a prototype of such a dual-lens concentrator is implemented to evaluate the converging features. As a final note, we mention that the approach may be extended to implement an even higher CR, be it simply by taking an extra concentrator unit. With simple design of the concentrator part, which may allow the fabrication process by modeling method and large acceptant angle (0.6°), we assess its large potential as part of a general strategy to implement a highly efficient CPV system, with minimal critical elaboration steps and large flexibility.

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Chen, Yi-Cheng, and Chia-Chi You. "Optimal Design of a Secondary Optical Element for a Noncoplanar Two-Reflector Solar Concentrator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861353.

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This paper presents the results of a parametric design process used to achieve an optimal secondary optical element (SOE) in a noncoplanar solar concentrator composed of two reflectors. The noncoplanar solar concentrator comprises a primary parabolic mirror (M1) and a secondary hyperbolic mirror (M2). The optical performance (i.e., acceptance angle, optical efficiency, and irradiance distribution) of concentrators with various SOEs was compared using ray-tracing simulation. The parametric design process for the SOE was divided into two phases, and an optimal SOE was obtained. The sensitivity to assembly errors of the solar concentrator when using the optimal SOE was studied and the findings are discussed.

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Ma, Hongcai, Guang Jin, Xing Zhong, Kai Xu, and Yanjie Li. "Optical Design of a Solar Dish Concentrator Based on Triangular Membrane Facets." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/391921.

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The design of a solar dish concentrator is proposed based on triangular membrane facets for space power applications. The facet concentrator approximates a parabolic surface supported by a deployable perimeter truss structure, which originates from a large aperture space antenna. For optimizing the number of facets rows and focal-diameter ratio of the concentrator, Monte Carlo ray-tracing method is utilized to determine optical performance of the concentrator, and the system root-mean-square (RMS) deviation is considered in this design procedure. A 600-facet concentrator with focal-diameter ratio of 1.1 will achieve 83.63% of radiative collection efficiency over a 15 cm radius disk located in the focal plane, with a mean solar concentration ratio exceeding 300. The study in this paper is helpful for the development of the membrane facet concentrator.

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Kribus, A., V. Krupkin, A. Yogev, and W. Spirkl. "Performance Limits of Heliostat Fields." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888126.

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Geometric and thermodynamic arguments are used to derive upper limits on the performance of a solar energy collection system, consisting of an axisymmetric heliostat field, a solar tower, secondary optics and a black receiver. Performance limits on collected power, concentration, and work output are presented. Performance of tower systems with several secondary optics options is compared: tower-top Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), Tailored Edge-Ray Concentrator (TERC) approximated by a cone, and Cassegrainian with ground-level CPC or Compound Elliptic Concentrator (CEC). Optimized ray tracing is used to generate the design parameters of the secondary concentrators that yield the highest optical efficiency. The results show that the tower-top Cone provides the best performance regarding both concentration and efficiency, except for very large fields. The Cassegrainian designs come in second, but become equal and even better than the Cone for large fields. The results for the Cassegrainian are sensitive to the value of the reflectivity, due to the additional reflections incurred. The choice of a CEC is better than a CPC for the terminal concentration in a Cassegrainian system, but the difference is small. The suitability of the different design options for high-temperature solar applications is discussed. The recommendations regarding optical configuration depend on field size, as well as on application-specific constraints.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar concentrator'

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