Journal articles: 'Solar Domestic Water Heater'

1

Venkatesh, A. "Domestic solar water heater—continuous flow type." Energy Conversion and Management 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(91)90145-9.

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Porta-Gándara, Miguel Ángel, José Luis Fernández-Zayas, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, and Norberto Chargoy del Valle. "Low thermal conductivity solar domestic water heater." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 40 (December 2022): 102527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102527.

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K. Saleh, Hala. "Thermal Performance of a Domestic Solar Water Heater." Rafidain Journal of Science 23, no. 1 (January 28, 2012): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2012.29473.

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Qureshi, Shafiq R., Waqar A. Khan, and Waqas Sarwar. "EPDM Based Double Slope Triangular Enclosure Solar Collector: A Novel Approach." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/576101.

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Solar heating is one of the important utilities of solar energy both in domestic and industrial sectors. Evacuated tube heaters are a commonly used technology for domestic water heating. However, increasing cost of copper and nickel has resulted in huge initial cost for these types of heaters. Utilizing solar energy more economically for domestic use requires new concept which has low initial and operating costs together with ease of maintainability. As domestic heating requires only nominal heating temperature to the range of 60–90°C, therefore replacing nickel coated copper pipes with any cheap alternate can drastically reduce the cost of solar heater. We have proposed a new concept which utilizes double slope triangular chamber with EPDM based synthetic rubber pipes. This has reduced the initial and operating costs substantially. A detailed analytical study was carried out to design a novel solar heater. On the basis of analytical design, a prototype was manufactured. Results obtained from the experiments were found to be in good agreement with the analytical study. A maximum error of 10% was recorded at noon. However, results show that error is less than 5% in early and late hours.

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Chidiac, Nancy, Bechara Nehme, Walid Said, Jad Jelwan, Tilda Akiki, and Barbar Zeghondy. "Adaptive overheating cover for a solar water heater." Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (July 7, 2022): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac036.

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Abstract Solar water heating systems have been widely used around the world. However, exposure to sunlight can overheat the device, affecting the efficiency and durability of the system. This article proposes an adaptive deck controller that protects the system from overheating without compromising the availability of domestic hot water. Solar water heaters are considered one of the most effective ways to reduce a home’s carbon footprint. They are a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and saves money. Thus, this paper aims to develop a dynamic cover for solar water heaters that prevent overheating using an artificial neural network to optimize the design of control systems. Based on a self-organizing map network, the controller automatically adjusts the temperature of the solar collector through a fabric screen covering the main subsystems, depending on many parameters such as weather conditions, collector temperature and domestic hot water depending on demand. A suggested technique of four different shade percentages (0%, 20%, 25% or 32%) can avoid overheating and maintain the amount of hot water the home needs. Although renewable energy is free, proper controls are required to ensure maximum efficiency or proper use. In addition, the control of renewable energy leads to longer service life.

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Gong, Meng-lan, and Shan-ting Ding. "Daily solar irradiance in Daily useful energy of Domestic solar water heater." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 81 (August 2017): 012160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/81/1/012160.

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Dougherty, Brian P., and A. Hunter Fanney. "Experiences With Using Solar Photovoltaics to Heat Domestic Water." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1562635.

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The solar photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to make progress in increasing the efficiency while reducing the manufacturing costs of PV cells. Economies of scale are being realized as manufacturers expand their production capabilities. Products are commercially available that integrate photovoltaic cells within building fac¸ade, fenestration, and roofing components. Legislation and incentive programs by government and commercial entities are supporting both reduced first costs and greater rates of return. The combination of factors support improved cost-effectiveness. As this trend continues, more options for using PV become possible. One such application is a stand-alone, PV-direct, solar water heating application. Solar water heating can be effectively accomplished by directly using the DC power production from solar photovoltaic modules. A simple controller having multiple power relays connects the PV modules with different combinations of in-tank resistive elements. The controller actively changes the resistive combination so that the photovoltaic modules generate power at or near their maximum output. The technology, which has been patented, is applicable to configurations that use a single water heater and to two water heaters that are piped in series. Prototypes using both tank configurations were monitored at four field sites. This paper emphasizes the single-tank application and the field results from installations in Maryland and Florida.

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Alrafad, Ali J. S., Abdihg S. Alrafad, Tarek Hamad, and Ahmed Nassar. "Experimental Study of Solar Water Heater under the Libyan Climate Conditions." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n9p28.

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In our modern societies, One of the main and simplest signature traits is hot water as a convenient and efficient way of life either for industrial and domestic purposes, however, obtaining hot water in most cases will be through fossil fuel either by direct burning for the fuel for heating or indirectly by using electricity that generated by fossil fuel. Using solar heaters will limit the in some extent the usage of fossil fuel. A flat solar water heater of (165 to 175) cm3 has been constructed to be used as a model for educational purposes. The solar heater is made of local materials consist of galvanized iron pipes, glass surfaces, wool insulation, aluminum frame, and fixed iron base. Moreover, Thermocouples, pyranometer, and an anemometer were used to test the performance of the heater in four days in May for the angle of inclination of the complex 320 is on the horizontal. In conclusion, the daily average efficiency was around 57%. The temperature in the tank is about  62 0C at noon, which is sufficient for home use throughout the day.

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H. Attia, Osam, Sanaa T. Al- Musawi, Naseer A. Mousa, Hussein A. Mahmood, and Nor Mariah Adam. "Experimental evaluation of the performance of a domestic water heating system under Baghdad climate conditions." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 8 (120) (December 30, 2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.268026.

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The aim of the current study is to evaluate the performance of a domestic water heating system for residential areas in Baghdad climatic conditions for substituting electric water heaters with solar-powered water heaters using solar collectors. Many countries, such as Iraq, are sluggish with electric power issues while receiving very high solar insolation. Solar energy is a clean, non-depleting and low-cost source that can be used especially in residential areas, which forms a great percentage of energy consumption by replacing electric water heating with solar water heating to reduce electricity usage. Therefore, six flat plate solar collectors with an absorbing area of 1.92×0.85 m with one 4 mm thick glass cover are utilized for experimental investigation under the Baghdad climatic conditions. The collector was tested under steady-state settings, which assumed that sunlight intensity, ambient temperature, and inlet-outdoor temperature difference in each collector in the system were constant throughout the operation. According to the experimental results, during the test months of November, December, January, and February, the time-weighted experimental daily average collector array efficiency is found in the range of 40 % to 60 %. Furthermore, the greater energy gain and performance of the solar collector array attain a peak value at solar noon. Additionally, a solar collector with flat plates can easily achieve relatively high water temperature levels of 70 °C in the winter season. In addition, using a solar domestic hot water system as a water heater in Baghdad climatic conditions by substituting electric water heaters is useful for saving power consumption

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Baki, Touhami, Abdelfatah Marni Sandid, and Driss Nehari. "Sizing of an Autonomous Individual Solar Water Heater Based in Oran, Algeria." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2022-0016.

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Abstract The study concerns an autonomous individual solar water heater installed in the Oran region in Algeria. Supplied by two sources of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, this solar water heater provides domestic hot water for the needs of an average family of 6 people. A comparative approach was made to find the most adequate solution between increasing the surface area of the thermal solar panel or those of the photovoltaic panels, by analyzing the solar fraction and the efficiency of the thermal panels. The choice was make for a thermal panel with a surface area of 4 m2 and complete with 16 photovoltaic panels, thus resulting in a total surface area of 14 m2 to obtain an autonomous solar water heater powered only by solar energy. Another option was considered by incorporating a photovoltaic thermal panel, and substantial savings were found.

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Baki, Touhami. "Comparison of the performance of a domestic solar water heater in different climates in Algeria." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2021151011.

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A simulation with TRNSYS of an individual solar water heater for the hot water needs of an average family in Algeria was made; three cities of different climates were chosen to the north on the coast, in the highlands and in a desert region, the solar water heater consists of a flat panel of 4m² and a storage tank of 300 liters, a back-up electrical energy is activated when solar radiations are insufficient or during the night, the consumption of domestic hot water leaving the tank at 60 °C follows a typical profile, the results show significant performance in the south and similar data in the north and in the highlands.

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Akintola, O. A., and A. Y. Sangodoyin. "Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of Solar Heating System for Disinfection of Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater." International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (January 12, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/529527.

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A box-type solar heater was designed, constructed, and used to determine the effect of solar heating on quality of domestic roof-harvested rainwater (DRHRW). During testing, naturally contaminated DRHRW was harvested in Ibadan, Nigeria, and released into the system at 93.96 Lh−1 (2.61×10-5 m3 s−1) in a continuous flow process. Water temperatures at inlet, within the heating chamber, and at outlet from the heating chamber and solar radiation were monitored at 10 min interval. Samples were collected at both inlet to and outlet from the heating chamber at 10 min interval for microbiological analysis. The highest plate stagnation temperature, under no-load condition, was 100°C. The solar water heater attained a maximum operational temperature of 75°C with 89.6 and 94.4% reduction in total viable count and total coliform count, respectively, while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were completely eradicated at this temperature. The solar heater developed proved to be effective in enhancing potability of DRHRW in Ibadan, Nigeria. This may be an appropriate household water treatment technology for developing countries, hence, a way of resolving problem of low quality water for potable uses.

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Kizilors, Cafer, and Devrim Aydin. "Effect of thermostat position and its set-point temperature on the performance of a domestic electric water heater." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa007.

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Abstract In domestic buildings, water is generally heated by an immersion type electric water heater, equipped with a thermostat as one unit, which is fitted at the bottom of the tank. Despite these systems are driven by electric energy, which is not favorable compared to direct solar water heaters, they are still widely used due to the practicality and low installation costs. In current use of electric water heaters, thermostat position and water set-point temperature are crucial and these parameters should be optimized for efficient and economic use of such systems. In this study, the impact of placing the thermostat at three different elevations; namely near the bottom, in the middle and near the top of an EWH is experimentally investigated. In addition, the effect of temperature setting of the thermostat near the bottom of the tank, on the performance of the EWH is experimentally investigated. Data were obtained for 5 L/min discharging rate of the heated water. The discharge efficiencies are found to be higher for the thermostat position at the bottom, while the discharge efficiencies for thermostat positions in the middle and near the top are very close but lower than that of the one near the bottom.

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Yang, Yu Qin, and Run Sheng Tang. "Effects of Tube Space on the Thermal Performance of Water-in-Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heaters." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.81.

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In the present specification of domestic solar water heating systems (GB/T19141), regardless of the type of collectors used in the systems, Q17, the daily heat gain corresponding to the daily radiation of 17MJ/m2 on the collector surface, is a key indication to rate the thermal performance of a domestic solar water heaters. In this work, an attempt was made to investigate effect of the distance between two adjacent tubes in solar tube collectors of a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater (ETSWH) on by theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Results obtained by simulations and experimental test showed that the tube space had a significant effect on of the ETSWH, the shorter the tube distance, the higher the Q17, thus better the ETSWH performs. However, the actual situation is the case, the shorter the tube distance, the lower the real daily solar gain of the system, thus worse it performs. This implied that Q17 as the indication of thermal performance of the ETSWH is not reasonable, and specifying the tube distance in solar tube collectors of the ETSWH in the technical specification of GB/T19141 is advisable so as to eliminate effect of the tube distance on Q17.

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15

Venkatesh, A. "Experimental observations on a continuous flow type domestic solar water heater." Energy Conversion and Management 35, no. 12 (December 1994): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)90008-6.

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16

Fanney, A. H., and B. P. Dougherty. "The Thermal Performance of Residential Electric Water Heaters Subjected to Various Off-Peak Schedules." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2848010.

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An increasing number of utilities control the supply of power to residential water heaters as one means of reducing peak electrical demand. Water heaters operated in this manner are referred to as off-peak water heaters. Several utilities are also considering the use of solar domestic water heaters as an additional means of limiting power demand during times of greatest electrical usage. The research described within this paper quantifies the variation in thermal efficiency attributable to subjecting residential electrical water heaters to various off-peak and water removal schedules and, thus, forms a basis of comparison to which the thermal efficiency of solar water heaters or other water heating technologies may be compared. Laboratory tests, where the off-peak period and hot water draw schedule were varied, were conducted on two residential storage water heaters. A computer model of an electric water heater was developed and validated. The laboratory tests and the model were used to quantify the effect that various off-peak and hot water draw schedules have on water heater thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency was found to vary up to seven percent for water heaters which meet the present minimum efficiency standards as specified within the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act. The energy factor, as measured using the Department of Energy Test Procedure for Water Heaters, is shown to be independent of the off-peak schedule because of a “normalizing” that occurs as part of the calculation procedure.

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Sodha, M. S., N. K. Bansal, D. S. Hrishikeshan, and P. K. Bansal. "A study of plastic shallow solar pond water heater for domestic applications." Solar Energy 34, no. 6 (1985): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(85)90024-6.

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Talib Din, Abdul, and Khairul Azri Azlan. "Development of Low-Cost Solar Water Heater Using Recycled Solid Waste for Domestic Hot Water Supply." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815004010.

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This research is focused on the development of a low-cost solar water heater (SWH) system by utilizing solid waste material as part of system elements. Available technologies of the solar water heater systems, heat collectors and its components were reviewed and the best system combinations for low cost design were chosen. The passive-thermosiphon system have been chosen due to its simplicity and independency on external power as well as conventional pump. For the heat collector, flat plate type was identified as the most suitable collector for low cost design and suits with Malaysia climate. Detail study on the flat plate collector components found that the heat absorber is the main component that can significantly reduce the solar collector price if it is replaced with recycled solid waste material. Review on common solid wastes concluded that crushed glass is a non-metal material that has potential to either enhance or become the main heat absorber in solar collector. A collector prototype were then designed and fabricated based on crashed glass heat collector media. Thermal performance test were conducted for three configurations where configuration A (black painted aluminum absorber) used as benchmark, configuration B (crushed glass added partially) that use glass for improvement, and lastly configuration C (black colored crushed glass) that use colored glass as main absorber. Result for configuration B have shown a negative effect where the maximum collector efficiency is 26.8% lower than configuration A. Nevertheless, configuration C which use black crushed glass as main heat absorber shown a comparable maximum efficiency which is at 82.5% of the maximum efficiency for configuration A and furthermore have shown quite impressive increment of efficiency at the end of the experiment. Hence, black colored crushed glass is said to have quite a good potential as the heat absorber material and therefore turn out to be a new contender to other non-metal heat absorber such as plastic and rubber.

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Li, Bin, Xi Chen, Xin Hao Li, Lu Kuan Ma, Wen Bo Lu, Wei Zhang, Shu Wen Zheng, and Zi Wei Bai. "The Device of the Automatic Backflow in Solar Water Heater-Temperature Control and Backflow for Pipe of Water Heater." Advanced Materials Research 827 (October 2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.827.99.

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Now in general use in solar water heater, there is a long pipeline between water heater and tap, we have to empty the stored cold water before we use the hot water; and usually the water cannot meet required temperature due to the heating delay effect, thus the water also should be emptied, which leads to a waste of water resources. In order to solve this water wastage, we propose a device which can help to control the temperature and backflow of the water in water heater. The device accomplishes backflow of cold water automatically under the effect of gravity, and refluxed water will be stored in the recycle-water tank, thus ensuring the result that the water temperature satisfies the requirement. After the recycle-water tank is full, it will trigger the buoy to control the relay switch, then the water pump start to work to force the water into the water heater tank. Thus, realizing the recycling of water. This device can significantly save water resources in domestic water, and it has a broad market prospect.

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Murali, G., and K. Mayilsamy. "Effect of Circular Fins on Latent Heat Storage to Enhance Solar Water Heater, an Experimental Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.13.

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In natural circulation solar water heating, the efficiency of energy storage and solar collector can be improved if the water tank is stratified. Employing Phase Change Material (PCM) in the top of the tank will improve the stratification of the energy storage tank. Current paper studies the use of circular fins around PCM geometry with high surface to volume ratio to improve the efficiency of solar water heater. Heating and cooling tests have been performed in a domestic water heater with flat plate collector under real working conditions. Eventually the temperature distribution along the height of the storage tank, charging energy efficiency, collector efficiency have been calculated and compared. Tests have been simulated in CFD software for validating results. Addition of circular fins around PCM produces up to 5% and 36.48% improvement in tank charging energy efficiency, collector efficiency respectively because of improved heat transfer between PCM and water.

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Kushwaha, Pravesh Kr, Neelesh Kr Sharma, Ashwani Kumar, and Chandan Swaroop Meena. "Recent Advancements in Augmentation of Solar Water Heaters Using Nanocomposites with PCM: Past, Present, and Future." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010079.

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Energy consumption in India is massive, and even the quantity used for household tasks is substantial. The majority of the requirement is satisfied by using fossil fuels, which are the traditional methods. Heating water is the most frequent home application. Accordingly, this article examines studies from the previous ten years. The information in this article demonstrates that using renewable energy is the greatest way to cut back on both the use of fossil fuels and carbon emissions while heating water for residential use. Solar, hydroelectric, wind, and biofuels are the most significant renewable sources for improving building efficiency that can be used for an extended period of time. The solar water heater is a common example of how solar energy is being used in homes more frequently. In order to identify key issues and solutions related to employing solar water heaters as an effective water heating application in both commercial and residential buildings, this article compiles research data from earlier studies (2012–2022). The literature survey was carried out using Scopus, a specialized database. Sixty-six dedicated research publications having search keywords plus recently published articles that matched the inclusion criteria were chosen for this review study. The study’s findings show that there is a greater inclination of researchers towards research and development in the field of domestic solar water heaters. The research publications that are being presented are all from the past 10 years (2012–2022) and stress the use of solar energy in increasing building efficiency. The study highlights how flat plate solar collectors with distilled water as the heat transfer fluid and a phase-changing substance as the thermal energy storage could potentially be enhanced. The thermal conductivity of paraffin wax and distilled water was improved by 75% of the researchers by using 0.05 to 0.5% concentrations of Al and Cu oxide nanoparticles, making it useful in solar water heaters. A total of 78% of researchers are interested in domestic water heating applications since they use a lot of energy in both urban and rural settings.

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Dileep, K., Divakaran Dishnu, K. R. Arun, M. Srinivas, and S. Jayaraj. "Performance analysis of a PCM integrated domestic solar water heater by numerical simulations." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 17, no. 2/3 (2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2021.114683.

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Jayaraj, S., K. Dileep, Divakaran Dishnu, M. Srinivas, and K. R. Arun. "Performance analysis of a PCM integrated domestic solar water heater by numerical simulations." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2021.10037040.

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Ali Sadeghzadeh, Mohammad. "Thermosiphon heat pump for pipe freeze preventing of domestic passive solar water heater." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 4, no. 5 (September 2012): 053102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751471.

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Xue, H. Sheng. "Experimental investigation of a domestic solar water heater with solar collector coupled phase-change energy storage." Renewable Energy 86 (February 2016): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.017.

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Algareu, Abdulmaged, Mohammad Abdunnabi, Maged Mabruk, and Adel M. Elmaghrabi. "Legionella Bacteria Activity investigation in Domestic Water Heating Systems: Tripoli-Libya as a case study." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v10i2.114.

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Legionella is a kind of bacteria that has been detected by many researchers in diffrent Water Heating Electrical (EWH) or solar (SWH) systems installed at various places. In the capital city Tripoli - Libya, most of water heater systems used are of electric type. Simultaneously, over 100 solar water heating (SWH) systems provided with electric heaters were installed under the supervision of the Centre for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) in the residential buildings in Tripoli in the period between (2000 and (2020). Ten hot water samples were collected from the outlet points in SWH systems and 43 water samples from diffrent water draining points at Corinthia hotel and Palm City Residences water systems, for the purpose of legionella detection and enumeration in the systems. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to be filed by the 10 SWH system users whom the ten water samples were taken from. Th purpose was to collect information about the building, the hot water system, and the user’s satisfaction. As the water source is untreated ground water from private wells, analysis of Escherichia coli (E.coli), total Coliform bacteria and total bacterial count were conducted to see whether any other probable bacteria kind is available. According to the results obtained, both 43 samples and 10 SWH samples investigated are free of legionella bacteria, while the total bacteria count for 4 out of 10 SWH systems was less than 60 CFU/g. Ths was due to water temperature not lowered to the bacteria colonisation temperature, and the daily water temperature gained from solar energy was high enough to be more than 55°C for at least an hour daily and maximum daily temperature exceeds 60°C for 80 days in addition to summer time, which is high enough to destroy legionella bacteria

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Chen, Wen Lih, King Leung Wong, and Yung Chang Li. "Integrating Domestic Air Conditioner with Solar Water Heater of the Development of an Energy-Saving Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.1100.

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The current thesis proposed the integration of air conditioners that exhaust heat with solar energy to enhance the overall efficiency of thermal energy conversion. The analysis of thermal storage tanks of different volumes revealed that a two-ton air conditioner operating for an hour produced double energy than normal sunshine for a day. With thermal storage tanks of fixed volume, the integration of air conditioners of different tons with solar energy indicated that air conditioners of less tons produced faster and more efficient energy conversion. Therefore, the current thesis proposed that the modification of condenser in domestic air conditioner into water-cooled condenser not only enhanced the energy efficiency of air conditioners but also increased hot water supplies since hot water from air conditioners could be integrated into solar water heaters. By doing so, energy conservation and carbon reduction could be achieved.

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Yousefi, Masoud, and Misagh Moradali. "Thermodynamic analysis of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump water heater." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i2a2205.

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In this paper, the thermodynamic performance of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP), which is used to heat domestic water from 20˚C to 45˚C, is theoretically investigated. The system includes a 3m2 single-cover flat plate solar collector, 0.150m3 water tank and 70m tube immersed in the water tank as a condenser. The effect of various parameters such as radiation on the collector surface, compressor speed and the ambient temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP) are calculated. Results show that obtained COP is considerably more than that of a conventional heat pump water heater when radiation on the collector is high. Also, increasing collector area and reducing compressor speed enhance COP. The same occurs when the ambient temperature increases. For instance, at an ambient temperature of 15˚C and 450 w/m2 irradiation on collector surface, the calculated COP was 6.37.

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Kanimozhi, B., and B. R. Ramesh Bapu. "Experimental Study of Thermal Energy Storage in Solar System Using PCM." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1027.

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This paper summary the investigation and analysis of thermal energy storage extracted from solar heater and use for domestic purpose. Choosing a suitable phase change materials paraffin wax used for storing thermal energy in insulation tank. The tank carries minimum of 45 liters capacity of water and 50 numbers copper tubes each copper tube carries minimum of 100 grams PCM materials. Inside the tank phase change materials are receiving hot water from solar panel. This solar energy is stored in Copper tubes each copper tube contains PCM Materials as latent heat energy. Latent heat is absorbed and stored in Copper tubes .Large quantity of solar energy can be stored in a day time and same heat can be retrieved for later use. The tank was instrumented to measure inlet and outlet water temperature. The differences of temperature of the water is measured in a definite interval of time have been noted then calculating heat transfer rate and system effectiveness. The heat storage system is to be applied to store solar energy and the stored heat is used for domestic hot water supply system.

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Varghese, Jaji, Samsher, and K. Manjunath. "A parametric study of a concentrating integral storage solar water heater for domestic uses." Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (January 2017): 734–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.127.

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Shivakumar, A. R. "A value addition to a modern house design: an integrated domestic solar water heater." Energy for Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (May 1996): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60183-0.

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32

Zhang, Xi Ming, and Yi Ran Zhang. "The Experimental Study on Forced Circulation Solar Hot Water Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.772.

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In recent years, global environmental problems and energy crisis are highly regarded. The research and development of new energy sources and energy saving are two key ways to solve the potential global energy shortage. The solar energy is important for its cleanliness and unexhausting. The solar water heaters are widely used in domestic hot water supply. The former natural cycle system had a lower performance of heat collection, insulation and convenience as well as conflict with architecture. It is necessary to develop a new style solar water heater in north china. This paper presents an forced circulation solar hot water supply system with spiral copper coil as heat exchanger in heat storage tank and plate solar collectors. It has high collection efficiency and it is consistent with the architecture. The system is full of antifreeze to solve the freezing problem in north china. The experimental study was conducted for solar hot water supply system. The experimental results indicate that the forced circulation solar hot water supply system has superior performance of heat collection and heat transfer. The average heat output is respectively 2.82kWh/m2 in spring, 3.13 kWh/m2 in summer and 2.73 kWh/m2 in autumn. The hot water output is respectively75.3L/m2.d in spring, 81.2 L/m2.d in summer and 56.5 L/m2.d in autumn if the temperature difference is 28°C.In addition, by use of the experimental measured data the long-term thermal performance can be forecast.

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Javier, Aguirre Contreras, Aguirre Muñoz Javier, and Arzate Perez Miguel. "Design of a System Generating Electricity by Means of a Solar Heater for a House." Resourceedings 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i1.456.

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This article discloses a domestic system that allows greater energy efficiency in a home located in Mexico City, which facilitates its contribution to a green urbanism by installing it in the buildings of the City.The system was designed and built using a solar heater (CalGen) that was installed in a house with four people. Aluminum cans were used in the CalGen as vacuum tubes, the water heated in the cans was used in the shower, in addition the CalGen structure were placed photoelectric cells, which were controlled by an Arduino Uno, in order to increase the efficiency of the solar radiation. The water heated by the CalGen helps to reduce the emissions 3.6 kiolograms (kg) of carbon dioxide (CO2) per day, since before installing the system the house used principally liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to heat the water. The water circulating inside the aluminum cans is heated by solar radiation, leaving the water at an average temperature of 37.71°C. The eight photoelectric cells generate 240 watts per day (W/day). The electricity generated by the photoelectric cells is stored in rechargeable batteries. The methodology of the tests and construction of CalGen is shown, as well as the changes that were made from the tests. There is also a cost-benefit study that CalGen had in housing.It should promote the design of cities where the environment of the quality of life of human beings is healthier and more sustainable, given that the space of cities is being increasingly demanded. Green buildings should not be an optional trend, but a fundamental requirement, taking advantage of and adapting existing spaces more effectively.

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Xiaowu, Wang, and Hua Ben. "Exergy analysis of domestic-scale solar water heaters." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 9, no. 6 (December 2005): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2004.04.007.

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Soomro, Mujeeb Iqbal, Rizwan Ahmed Memon, and Khanji Harijan. "Energy Savings and CO₂Reduction through Solar Water Heater Technology in Sindh Pakistan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.330.

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Pakistan suffers worst energy crises due to unavailability of primary energy sources. One of the solutions to energy problems of Pakistan lies in utilization of renewable energy sources like solar energy. One of the possible uses of solar energy is in the form of water eating. This work explored the availability of solar energy in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Moreover potential fuel savings and reduction in CO2 emission due to the use of solar water heating system is also evaluated. The RETScreen software was used for evaluation of fuel savings and CO2 emission reduction from a solar water heating system. Results show that the annual natural gas supplied to an average household in the three main cities of Sindh i.e., Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur could be reduced by 513.5, 409 and 543.5 m3, respectively. Annual reductions in emissions of CO2 for Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur were estimated to be 1, 0.8 and 1 tCO2 respectively. It is concluded that the utilization of solar energy for water heating in domestic sector of Sindh Pakistan could save fuel fossil and reduce environmental pollutants that in-turn may help mitigate energy crises in the country.

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Koroly, Mexriya, Anvar Anarbaev, Alisher Usmanov, and Kuvondyk Soliev. "Exergoeconomic optimization of solar heat pump systems of heat supply." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601125.

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In this paper, there is analyzed the results of exergy economic optimization of heat-cooling supply in building by using the solar heat pump system. It is possible to realize a system having high reliability in operation of the system. The solar heat pump system according to the present technical decision has high energy efficiency while ensuring reliability, and is useful as a domestic air conditioning and heating water heater. It can also be applied to uses such as industrial heating and cooling devices.

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Pottie, D. L. F., L. H. C. Dias, R. P. Mendes, L. V. S. Martins, and R. A. M. Ferreira. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A DOMESTIC SOLAR HEATER WITH IRON ORE AS THE ABSORBER." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 19, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v19i1.76425.

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In Brazil's households, the use of electricity to heat water prevails, but its replacement by solar collectors can be justified due to the country's high level of solar radiation, average temperature and number of sunny days. A drawback preventing the broad spread of this technology its elevated inicial cost that, in spite of the short return on investment time, hinders its insertions on the population lower classes. Thereby, this study's goal is to search a cheaper alternative to one of the collector's most expensive component, by proposing the replacement of the aluminium sheets, used as absorber, by iron ore. This material was chosen due to its abundance in Minas Gerais, low cost and for being dark colored, ensuring high levels of absortance (0,4 < λ< 0,7 µm). A finely grained hematitic () ore was used to achieve an uniform compaction throughout its area, reducing this way, the thermal contact resistance between the absorber and the copper tubes. The collector was built and tested in similar conditions it would have faced during its lifespan, and the result shows that the maximum thermal efficiency was 58%.

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Prud’homme, T., and D. Gillet. "Advanced control strategy of a solar domestic hot water system with a segmented auxiliary heater." Energy and Buildings 33, no. 5 (May 2001): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(00)00107-9.

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Yassen, Tadahmun A., Nassir D. Mokhlif, and Muhammad Asmail Eleiwi. "Performance investigation of an integrated solar water heater with corrugated absorber surface for domestic use." Renewable Energy 138 (August 2019): 852–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.114.

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Rezania, A., H. Taherian, and D. D. Ganji. "Experimental Investigation of a Natural Circulation Solar Domestic Water Heater Performance Under Standard Consumption Rate." International Journal of Green Energy 9, no. 4 (May 2012): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2011.652002.

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Hendron, Robert, Mark Eastment, Ed Hancock, Greg Barker, and Paul Reeves. "Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (August 8, 2006): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710248.

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Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

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Mandanka, Pravin B., and Dilipbhai M. Patel. "Comparative Performance Analysis and Optimization of Acrylic Evacuated Tube Solar Collector with Water in Glass Tube Collector Through RSM." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 4021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.4021ecst.

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The dominant technique used to utilize solar energy to heat water for domestic, industrial, and commercial requirements is a solar water heater. This research work aims comparative performance analysis of acrylic evacuated tube solar collector with water in glass evacuated tube solar collector and also, to investigate the optimal value of process parameters affecting the performance of water in glass and acrylic evacuated tube solar collectors. In this research work, the intensity of solar radiation, tilt angle of the collector, and the time are considered as independent variables. The temperature difference of water of glass evacuated tube solar collector and acrylic tube solar collector is measured as a response. The input parameters are optimized by using CCD method in RSM for the maximized value of the temperature difference. The result of the experiment shows that optimal values of solar radiation 843 W/m2, tilt angle of solar collector 32.1°, and time period is 59.2 min are for maximized value of temperature difference of water 7.4°C for glass and 7.7°C for acrylic evacuated tube solar collectors respectively. The experimental result deviates 1.33% in glass and -1.3% in acrylic tube solar collector from simulated values.

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Kolhare, N. R., and P. R. Thorat. "AN APPROACH OF FLOW MEASUREMENT IN SOLAR WATER HEATER USING TURBINE FLOW METER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i1a.3024.

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boost its use in domestic applications. A Techno-economical system is designed using microcontroller based turbine flow meter to measure flow of water in solar water heater. There is no need of bulky remote electronics system. Here a turbine is inserted in the pipeline which rotates around its axis the speed of this rotation is directly proportional to the rate of flown. To measure the flow electronically through non-contact methodÂ Â one arm of the turbine can be made of a magnet and a Hall Effect device attached on the outer side of the pipe. The Hall Effect switch would pick up the passage of the magnetic arm and generates a pulse. By counting the number of pulses per second or minute depending on the speed of the turbine and the desired resolution (i.e. multiplication factor) the flow can be calculated.

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Moreau, Alain, and François Laurencelle. "Field Study of Solar Domestic Water Heaters in Quebec." Energy Procedia 30 (2012): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.146.

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Western, B. E., and R. F. Benseman. "Testing domestic solar water heaters—The New Zealand experience." Solar Energy 35, no. 6 (1985): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(85)90114-8.

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Barik, Debabrata, Arun M., Muhammad Ahsan Saeed, and Tholkappiyan Ramachandran. "Experimental and Computational Analysis of Aluminum-Coated Dimple and Plain Tubes in Solar Water Heater System." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010295.

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Solar power is often regarded as one of the most promising forms of alternative energy since it is both sustainable and renewable. It is difficult to utilize and benefit from solar energy in residential and industrial applications because of the intermittent nature of its supply. A solar-based water heating system is efficient for using solar thermal conversion, the simplest and most successful method of turning solar energy into thermal energy. In this research, the performance analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors (PTSCs) with aluminum-coated copper dimple tubes was computationally and experimentally analyzed. For computational analysis, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used. For experimental analysis, aluminum-coated dimple tubes were used to pass the base fluid (water) in it while varying the mass flow rate from 1.0 to 3.0 kg/min at steps of 0.5 kg/min to examine the effect of dimple texturing and aluminum coating on the performance of the solar water heater. The parameters, such as thermal efficiency, friction factor, convective heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and effectiveness of the PTSC, were analyzed, and we found remarkable improvement towards high conversion efficiency. At a flow rate of 2.5 kg/min, the thermal efficiency was improved by about 36%, the friction factor increased by about 0.32%, the convective heat transfer coefficient was improved by 1150 W/m2K, Nusselt number was improved by about 53.8 and the effectiveness was enhanced by 0.4. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and the deviation was about ±3.8%, which may be due to an error in the instrument as well as environmental conditions during the analysis. The outcome of results can be used for real-life applications in industrial water heating and domestic water heating especially, the places exposed to low solar radiation intensity throughout the year.

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Khan, M. Z. H., M. R. Al-Mamun, S. Sikdar, P. K. Halder, and M. R. Hasan. "Design, Fabrication, and Efficiency Study of a Novel Solar Thermal Water Heating System: Towards Sustainable Development." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9698328.

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This paper investigated a novel loop-heat-pipe based solar thermal heat-pump system for small scale hot water production for household purposes. The effective use of solar energy is hindered by the intermittent nature of its availability, limiting its use and effectiveness in domestic and industrial applications especially in water heating. The easiest and the most used method is the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy. We developed a prototype solar water heating system for experimental test. We reported the investigation of solar thermal conversion efficiency in different seasons which is 29.24% in summer, 14.75% in winter, and 15.53% in rainy season. This paper also discusses the DC heater for backup system and the current by using thermoelectric generator which are 3.20 V in summer, 2.120 V in winter, and 1.843 V in rainy season. This solar water heating system is mostly suited for its ease of operation and simple maintenance. It is expected that such novel solar thermal technology would further contribute to the development of the renewable energy (solar) driven heating/hot water service and therefore lead to significant environmental benefits.

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Sivakumar, P., W. Christ Raj, N. Jaya Malathi, and S. Balakrishnan. "Performance Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Water Heater by Changing the Heat Pipe Material." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.64.

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Heating of water for domestic purpose is simple and effective way of utilizing solar energy. Though the initial cost of solar water heating system is high, the maintenance cost and zero green energy cost. To overcome the problem of high initial cost, this paper suggests utilizing alternative material with very good absorbing efficiency material instead of copper. The stainless steel tube coated with epoxy-polyether and aluminium with copper oxide coating are used as a header and riser tube material instead of copper which is in practice now-a-days. This paper introduces a new heating system which has flat plate collector of effective performance at low cost even though stainless steel and aluminium has low thermal conductivity. Experiments have been conducted by using copper, stainless steel and aluminium tubes as header and riser tubes. The result shows that copper, aluminium and stainless bestow the same performance. Also the cost of stainless tube with epoxy-polyether and aluminium with copper oxide are less than that of copper tube.

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Chaichan, Miqdam. "Practical Investigation for Water Solar Thermal Storage System Enhancement Using Sensible and Latent Heats in Baghdad-Iraq Weathers." Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), no. 1 (October 16, 2021): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v33i1.307.

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Solar power is a clean and sustainable energy,but the intensity of solar irradiation is unstable due to the change of season, weather, day and night. The period of the sunshine does not coincide with the time of the hot water consumption generally. The hot water consumption in family houses is generally bigger in the evening and in the morning, so it is necessary to store the utilized energy. The collectors transform but not store the solar energy. The storage is accomplished in a storage tank. The heat storage system can be used as a buffer to mitigate the fluctuation of solar incidence.The present study summarizes the investigation of improving thermal energy storage extracted from solar heater and use for domestic purpose. Two materials were used to improve heat storage inside the tank. Pebbles were used as a sensible store medium. The second material was paraffin wax which stores heat as latent heat. The two materials were stuffed in ten copper pipes (1 in dia). The storage energy of each material was compared to an ordinary conventional solar heater. The tests were conducted in Baghdad-Iraq wintertime (December-2012, January and February-2013).The two materials improved the storage efficiency of system and increased the hours of storage, butthe phase change materials (PCMs), as latent heat storage is more efficient than sensible heat storage. Paraffin wax provides many advantages, as it has high storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. It increases the time of storage and preserve water temperatures in case of no water drawl.

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Marcic, Simon, Rebeka Kovacic-Lukman, and Peter Virtic. "Hybrid system solar collectors - heat pumps for domestic water heating." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part A (2019): 3675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180314187m.

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This paper deals with the use of solar energy, heat pumps, and solar system-heat pump combinations for domestic water heating. The testing of solar tiles, flat plate collectors as an autonomous system, as well as flat plate collector-heat pump and solar tile-heat pump combinations, are presented. Black-coloured water absorbs solar radiation flows through solar tiles made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate (CH2C(CH3)COOCH3). At the same time, solar tiles are used as a roof covering and as a solar radiation collector. Hot water from solar tiles or a flat plate collector is directed to the heat pump, which increases the temperature of water entering the boiler heating coil. The heat of water heated in solar tiles or in flat plate collectors serves as a source of energy for the heat pump. Since the goal was realistically evaluate the efficiency of solar tiles in comparison with the flat plate collector, extensive measurements of both systems under identical condition were carried out. The experiments were carried out in rainy, cloudy, and clear weather.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar Domestic Water Heater'

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