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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar dryers'
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1
Ferreira, A. G., A. L. T. Charbel, R. L. Pires, J. G. Silva, and C. B. Maia. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID DRYER." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v6i2.61680.
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Artificial dryers promote a high-quality food drying, in spite of the considerable energy consumption. Solar dryers use only solar energy to heat the drying airflow; nevertheless, it is not possible to control the airflow thermal conditions. Hybrid solar dryers arise as an interesting option to reduce the drying costs (compared to the artificial dryer’s costs). Hybrid solar dryers improve the quality of the final product due to the control of the thermal drying condition. This paper presents an experimental analysis of an innovative hybrid solar-electrical dryer. This dryer consists of two chambers: solar chamber and drying chamber with electrical air heater. An experimental evaluation of the airflow in the device was performed and the average values of the temperature and the mass flow were presented as a function of the ambient conditions. To determine the performance of the proposed dryer, banana slices were dried in the device and the results were compared with natural sun drying and artificial drying.
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Balasuadhakar, Arumugam. "Natural Convection Solar Dryers for Agricultural Products — A Comprehensive Exploration." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 13 (April 9, 2021): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v14i13.126.
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Objectives: To make review on passive solar dryers and its performance of drying agricultural products. Methods: This article focuses on the development in various categories of passive solar dryers in last six years. The different studies carried out in direct, indirect and mixed mode types of passive dryers for drying agricultural products in the year of 2014 to 2020 have been considered this review. Investigations on forced convection solar dryers have not been included in the current paper. The various experimental setups of solar dryers, specimens used for experimentation, measured output parameters and performance have been illustrated. The changes made in construction of solar dryers for improving the performance have also been reviewed. Findings:The mixed mode passive solar dryer is found to be superior in terms of drying time, better utilization of solar energy and efficiency compared to other passive dryers. Novelty: Several review articles have been published in solar dryers. Nevertheless, no comprehensive reviews have hitherto been published on passive dryers in particular. Hence, our current review article focuses on development in passive dryers and its advancements with emphasis on dryer design features, specimen and measured output parameters. Keywords: Passive solar dryers; Natural convection solar dryers; Direct solar dryers; Indirect solar dryers; Mixed mode solar dryers
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S, Arunprasad, Saravanan P, and Arulraj R. "Design And Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Air Dryer." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488360/ijme-v7i1p105.
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Solar dryers are equipment and using solar energy for drying substances, especially food. There are two common types of solar dryers: Direct & indirect. This is a dryer type in which the product to be dried directly absorbs the solar radiation. It is also referred to as a natural convection cabinet dryer, because the solar radiation falls directly on the surface; the product quality is reduced. Heated air from the drying chamber is blown through. A solar dryer's basic function is to heat air with solar energy to a constant temperature, which enables the moisture extraction from crops within a drying chamber. The main objective of flat plate solar air dryer model based on without tray & with tray chamber in Creo parametric software & computational fluid dynamics in Ansys software. Generally, solar air dryer is heat loss is possible, so it’s reduced with help of insulation material (glass wool & polyurethane). To predict the temperature difference in various air flow with insulation material. Furthermore, choose the better insulation material & difference between with & without tray chamber.
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Godse, Rajesh S., and Pritee Purohit. "Innovative Solar Air Dryer Designs for Agricultural Products-A Review." Energy and Environment Focus 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/eef.2023.1297.
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Indeed, agricultural technological development plays a crucial role in the agricultural commercialization and socio-economic transformation of India. Enhancing farming through solar dryers has been considered to be a key strategy for enhancing food security and greater socioeconomic change. Drying removes the majority of the product’s moisture content; it is a crucial post-harvest technique for agricultural goods that may increase quality, decrease losses during storage, and save transportation costs. The literature study provides evidence that solar dryers that use phase change material and operate in indirect or mixed modes are more effective than direct drying solar dryers in drying agricultural goods. This review study’s main objective is to give an overview of the recent developments in solar dryer technology achieved by different researchers. Innovative solar dryer designs for drying agricultural products are reviewed in this present work. A thorough analysis of the design, operation, uses, and comparison of solar dryers is conducted. The solar dryers design their modifications and different techniques to improve thermal performance are studied thoroughly. Hybrid solar dryer with CPC, ETC, photovoltaic technology can work as an independent unit and proves the better thermal performance dryer unit as compared to conventional dryers. The new improvements to hybrid dryers are also discussed in detail. Present study will be helpful for developing an economical dryer with variety of drying parameters and different agricultural products.
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POONIA, SURENDRA. "Performance evaluation and economic analysis of inclined solar dryer for Capsicum annuum L. (Red chilli) drying." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2024.10362.
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This study presents an assessment of the performance and economic viability of solar dryers for drying perishable agricultural products. The dryer was constructed using locally sourced materials such as galvanized iron sheet, M.S. angle, glass, and S.S. wire mesh. The ability to tilt the dryer allows for optimal solar radiation absorption throughout the year in Jodhpur, India. It is well-established that a tilted surface captures more solar radiation compared to a horizontal plane, hence the utilization of a solar dryer in this research. A drying experiment was carried out in January 2023 using the dryer to dehydrate red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The maximum stagnation temperature inside the drying chamber was recorded at 65°C, which decreased to 55°C when loaded with 10 kg of chilli, while the outside ambient temperature was 26°C on a clear sky day (from 08:00 h to 18:00 h) in January 2023. Over the course of seven days, the moisture content of the chilli decreased from 80% (wet basis) to approximately 9%. The open sun drying method took 14 days for reducing the moisture content of red chillies to the same level. The dryer's thermal efficiency was calculated to be 16.25%. The economic analysis of the solar dryer indicated a high internal rate of return (IRR) of 82.5% and a short payback period of 1.50 years, highlighting its cost-effectiveness. The cost-benefit ratio was found to be 1.98, demonstrating the potential of solar dryers as a substitute for traditional drying methods. Economic parameters such as net present value (₹40220) and system annuity (₹5430) confirmed the economic feasibility of the system. Inclined solar dryers in remote or rural areas have the potential to significantly reduce postharvest losses and carbon emissions. The adoption of solar dryers would greatly benefit farmers in the arid region of Rajasthan.
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Agrawal, Sanjay, Trapti Varshney, and Jitendra Kumar. "Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Solar Dryer." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230009.
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As the world’s population is increasing, the demand for food is also increasing. Drying techniques increase the life and quality of crop and industrial food products. It also improves the economic condition of farmers. Drying reduces the water stored within the product by evaporation. It can be done by the use of conventional energy and different methods. Sun radiation is used for open sun drying around the globe. Open sun drying has many disadvantages in comparison to other drying techniques. Solar drying is comparatively clean and effective. Solar dryers are of mainly four types: 1) direct solar dryer; 2) indirect solar dryers; 3) mixed mode solar dryer and 4) hybrid solar dryers. Because electric and heat energy demand is increasing day by day worldwide, PV/T solar dryer becomes an interesting and upcoming interest of research nowadays. In this review article basics of different kinds of solar dryers and recent advancements in hybrid PV/T dryers have been presented. Results for drying grapes, medicinal herb, tomato, and wood using PV/T solar dryer are discussed in this study. Variations of drying time, energy consumption, efficiency with different air temperatures, air flow rate and RH are discussed. The use of different solar collectors, solar air heater and heat storage materials with hybrid PV/T dryer have also been reviewed.
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Gautam, Jitendra Kumar, and Pankaj Verma. "Review Paper on Diffierent Types of Solar Dryer." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 7 (July 31, 2024): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63559.
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Abstract: One of the most appealing and economical uses of solar energy is drying agricultural goods. With differing degrees of technical performance, a multitude of solar dryer types have been devised and developed across the globe. In general, solar dryers come in four different varieties: (1) direct solar dryers, (2) indirect solar dryers, (3) mixed-mode dryers, and (4) hybrid solar dryers. The product being dried, as well as technical and financial concerns, are reviewed in this paper together with other solar dryer kinds. Technically speaking, integrated storage, high efficiency, compact collector design, and long-life drying systems are the main focuses in the development of solar-assisted drying systems for vegetables. There exist alternative systems to air-based solar collectors. By using a water-to-air heat exchanger, water-based collectors are another option. A water-to-air heat exchanger can be used to push hot air used for drying agricultural products to pass through it. As part of the solar drying system, the hot water tank stores heat
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Jamal. "Control of Natural Convection Flow for Optimize the Performance Solar Dryers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 818 (January 2016): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.818.272.
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The purpose of this research to optimize the performance of solar dryers. Optimizing the performance of solar dryers can be done by observing the effect of natural convection flow controls to change the performance of solar dryers. Experimenting performed by the direct measurement method. In the solar dryer made in space collector inlet and outlet of the drying chamber. There are two outlet on the bottom and the top of the drying chamber. Natural convection flow control is done by adjusting the three variations (full open, half open and full close) openings on the upper outlet of the drying chamber. For the most accurate results, testing was conducted simultaneously three kinds of variations of openings using three solar dryers. The results show that optimal conditions of the solar dryer is in the half open position of the outlet flow natural convection.
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Itodo, Isaac N., Joshua O. Ijabo, Japheth A. Charles, Nathaniel N. Ezeanaka, and Solomon O. Akpa. "Performance of Desiccant Solar Crop Dryers in Makurdi, Nigeria." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 2 (2019): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12895.
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Abstract. Dryers in humid tropical locations like Makurdi, Nigeria (Lat. 7°7´N), have not performed significantly better than the open air sun drying of crops because of the high ambient relative humidity that is often not less than 70% all year round, hence the need to use desiccant augmented dryers. The performance of three types of non-regenerative desiccant solar crop dryers was undertaken to determine the best performing dryer configuration for further improvement and use in the location. The dryers developed were the indirect-active desiccant dryer (IADD), direct-active desiccant dryer (DADD), and the direct-passive desiccant dryer (DPDD). The dryers were designed, constructed, and their performance evaluated and compared to open air sun drying (OASD). The drying rate (kg/h) and Dryer Performance Coefficient (DPC) were used to evaluate the performance of the dryers. The active dryers were operated at a fan speed of 1.2 m/s. Moisture absorption rate and % moisture absorbed to its weight were used to evaluate the performance of the desiccant. The desiccant used was a composite of rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium chloride binded with cement in the ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p = 0.05 was used to determine if there was a significant difference in the measured parameters of the dryers. The Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at p = 0.05 was used to separate the means where there was a significant difference. The drying rates were 0.23, 0.19, 0.16, and 0.13 kg/h for the DADD, DPDD, IADD, and OASD, respectively. The drying rate of the OASD was not significantly different from that of the IADD. The DPC was 1.53, 1.40, and 1.15 for the DADD, DPDD, and IADD, respectively. The DPC of the dryers were significantly different. The direct active desiccant dryer had the highest temperature of 45°C, the lowest relative humidity of 50% at the drying unit and the highest rate of moisture absorbed by the desiccant of 0.24 kg/h. The non-regenerative RHA desiccant had maximum moisture absorption of 28% of its weight. The direct active desiccant dryer is recommended for further development for use in humid tropical locations. Keywords: Crop, Desiccant, Dryer, Humid tropic, Performance, Solar.
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Jamal, Jamal. "Analisis Kinerja Pengering Surya Tipe Rak Menggunakan Heat Absorber Pelat Gelombang dengan Aliran Udara Natural." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 20, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v20i1.3414.
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The current study aims to determine the performance of a rack-type solar dryer. The solar dryer uses a heat absorber in the form of a large wave plate and a small wave which is placed in the solar collector room. The dried material is cassava. The system used is natural air flow due to density differences. The research was carried out by making two rack-type solar collectors, the difference being the heat absorber used, one large wave and the other small wave. The test was carried out simultaneously between the two solar dryers. In this study, the results of large-wave solar dryers with an average efficiency of 9.24% had a better performance than small-wave solar dryers with an average efficiency of 7.68%. In the large wave solar dryer, the average efficiency on rack 1 is 1.33%, on rack 2 is 3.83% and on rack 3 is 5.93%. In the small wave solar dryer, the average efficiency on rack 1 is 1.50%, on rack 2 is 3.88% and on rack 3 is 2.30%.
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Shekata, G. D., G. S. Tibba, and A. T. Baheta. "Review of recent advancement in performance, and thermal energy storage studies on indirect solar dryers for agricultural products." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012061.
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Abstract Efficient drying methods and post-harvest processes are crucial to reduce waste in fruits, vegetables, and agricultural products. Factors like moisture-related deterioration, climate change, mishandling, delayed shipping, improper storage, and sales delays contribute to post-harvest losses and quality degradation. Solar dryers, especially indirect-type solar dryers, provide a practical and environmentally friendly way to preserve these goods. In comparison to other types of solar dryers, indirect-type dryers have a number of advantages. This review focuses on evaluating the performance of different configurations of Indirect-type solar dryers in terms of drying time, maximum air temperature, drying efficiency for collectors, and overall dryer efficiency. The influence of various operating conditions on the thermal efficiency of Indirect-type solar dryers is also investigated. The study provides detailed information on the sensible and latent storage units and materials used in Indirect-type solar dryers, including those operating through natural or forced convection. The review also explores the utilization of advanced technologies, such as desiccant systems, recycling processes, the use of Nano fluids and nanoparticles, and thermal energy storage, to enhance the thermal performance of solar dryers. Additionally, the paper examines potential difficulties and suggestions for selecting, using, and testing thermal storage for indirect-type solar dryers. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive examination of indirect-type solar dryers, and their performance. It highlights the potential for improving drying efficiency through the integration of advanced technologies and thermal energy storage.
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Masela, Mario Rinaldo, Jamaludin Jamaludin, Ni Luh Sri Suryaningsih, and Toni Mulyono. "Banana Dryer Tests using Solar Shelves and Biomass Energy." Musamus AE Featuring Journal 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/maef-j.v1i2.2031.
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Banana chips drying is an important process in flouring. Conventional drying has many drawbacks such as long drying time, large areas, quality degradation due to dirt, and unpredictable rain can occur. The purpose of this study was to test the banana dryer for solar and biomass rack energy types. The stages of this research are the design of a rack type banana dryer, the manufacture of parts for tools, and the testing of dryers. The test was carried out with three treatments, namely drying with a solar energy dryer, biomass energy dryer, and conventional drying as a control. Drying test was carried out for 600 minutes with an initial sample water content of 69.33%. During the test, banana samples were taken to measure temperature and water levels every 30 minutes. The test results showed the moisture content of banana chips on drying using the lowest biomass energy compared to conventional solar energy dryers and drying. The final moisture content of banana chips on the rack 5 solar energy dryers and biomass energy dryers is 22% and 16%, respectively. Whereas, in conventional drying, the final moisture content of banana chips is 33.33%.
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Radhakrishnan, Ganesh, Teodora Odett Breaz, Al Waleed Ahmed Al Mahrouqi, Nasser Ahmed Al Zakwani, Mohammed Hamed Al Fahdi, Ahmed Said Al Shuraiqi, Said Almur Al Awamri, Rashid Sultan Al Aamri, and Kadhavoor R. Karthikeyan. "A Comparative Management Analysis on the Performance of Different Solar Drying Methods for Drying Vegetables and Fruits." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2024): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020775.
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Drying is the process of moisture removal which is applied to many foodstuffs including fruits and vegetables for preservation and storage purposes. Since solar energy is one type of environmentally friendly renewable energy, open-type solar dryers, natural convective type solar dryers and greenhouse type solar dryers were designed and fabricated in this study for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. A comparative study among various solar drying methods was performed to study the drying performance by maintaining the quality and texture of the dried foodstuffs. Factors such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, moisture in the air, materials used for glazing, inclination, etc., were considered during the fabrication of the solar dryer so that a better estimate of the performance of the solar dryer could be obtained. The lowest drying rate was observed when convective drying was used as an indirect mode of heating. The maximum drying rate observed in open drying was 0.088 kg/kgh, whereas in convective drying under the same conditions, it was 0.03 kg/kgh, which was almost 65% less. This in turn also resulted in the dried samples displaying a better texture and better color. The shrinkage effect on the samples was less pronounced for those samples in the convective dryer than it was for those in the open and greenhouse dryers, as the method uses indirect drying. Comparing convective and greenhouse drying, more shrinkage and a greater browning effect were observed for the open drying method. Out of three types of solar dryers, the greenhouse dryer was selected to study thermal performance because of its better drying rate. DHT11 sensors controlled through Arduino programming were employed in this study to record the temperature and moisture at various locations in the greenhouse dryer setup. The range of energy efficiency of the greenhouse solar dryer was estimated to be from around 15% to 25% on average. This might be due to a greater extent of energy losses. No significant difference was observed in the energy efficiency with respect to the samples used for drying.
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Joseph O. Akowuah, George Owusu, George Obeng-Akrofi, and Paxwell Damptey Adjei. "Comparative assessment of three low-capacity drying systems using the analytical hierarchy process." Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE) 23, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v23i4.101.
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The study assessed the technical performance of three alternative drying systems for drying maize by smallholder maize farmers in Ghana. The three dryers considered were the AflaStop (EasyDry M500) dryer, STR Column dryer, and the Solar Bubble dryer. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for the comparative analysis and selection of the best alternative drying system based on its technical performance, durability, ease of use, cost of manufacture and operational cost. The drying rate and drying efficiency determined for the AflaStop, STR Column, and the Solar Bubble dryer were 2.20 %/h, 1.90 %/h, 0.98 %/h and 81.07 %, 64.65 %, 36.17 %, respectively. Considering a global priority value of 41 %, the STR Column drying system was selected over the AflaStop and the Solar Bubble dryers which had priority values of 34 % and 25 % respectively. The use of the AHP model was successful in selecting among three locally available low-capacity dryers, most suitable for maize drying by smallholder maize farmers, in Ghana.
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Salman, Abbass Z., and Mohammed A. Fayad. "The Application of Solar Energy in the Crops Drying Process." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.18.1.01.
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In the present study two convective types of solar dryers were investigated and tested under the Iraqi climate conditions. The first is called indirect type which consists of solar collector and drying chamber and the second type is a direct solar dryers. A drying equation based on a thin layer-drying function has been introduced to simulate the change of moisture content of crops with time taking into account the effect of flow rate of air, drying temperature, humidity ratio, initial and final moisture contents, and crops distribution on the drying rate and can be used for different crops. The dryers were tested using potato, fruit, any vegetables and other kinds of green leaves under typical condition of Iraqi weather. Good agreement has been obtained between the present results and the available published measurements. The study indicates that the indirect solar dryer gives definite performance advantage compared with the direct solar dryer.
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Yassen, Tadahmun A., Manar S. M. Al-Jethelah, and Hussam S. Dheyab. "Experimental Study of Innovative Indirect Solar Dryers." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390430.
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The present work experimentally studied two novel solar dryers’ designs, novel indirect solar dryer (NISD) and novel mixed indirect solar dryer (NMISD). The purpose behind this work is to compare the thermal performance of the proposed dryers with that of a traditional indirect solar dryer (TISD). The testing method involved building and thermally testing the three dryers. The NISD is a novel drying chamber with three absorbed surfaces. The NMISD consisted of a flat plate solar collector and NISD. The air temperature at the drying chamber entrance increased by 60% and 68% for the TISD and NMISD, respectively. In the lower space of the drying chamber, the air temperature was decreased by 35% while increased by 39% for the NISD and NMISD, respectively, compared to the TISD. The air temperature in the upper space of the drying chamber increased by 14% and 49% for the NISD and NMISD, respectively, compared to the TISD. The temperature variations through the drying chamber were -26%, 33%, and 3% in the TISD, NISD, and NMISD, respectively. The thermal efficiencies of the NISD and NMISD were 9% and 55%, respectively, higher than the TISD’s.
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Ahmad, Asim, Om Prakash, Anil Kumar, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Shubham Sharma, Vineet Kumar, Kushagra Kulshreshtha, Changhe Li, and Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin. "A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Developments in Greenhouse Drying." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249493.
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Drying via solar energy is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive process. For controlled and bulk level drying, a greenhouse solar dryer is the most suitable controlled level solar dryer. The efficiency of a solar greenhouse dryer can be increased by using thermal storage. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are reported to be of a higher quality than those dried in the sun because they are shielded from dust, rain, insects, birds, and animals. The heat storage-based greenhouse was found to be superior for drying of all types of crops in comparison to a normal greenhouse dryer, as it provides constant heat throughout the drying process. Hence, this can be used in rural areas by farmers and small-scale industrialists, and with minor modifications, it can be used anywhere in the world. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development of solar greenhouse dryers for drying various agricultural products, including their design, thermal modelling methods, cost, energy, and environmental implications. Furthermore, the choice and application of solar photovoltaic panels and thermal energy storage units in the solar greenhouse dryers are examined in detail, with a view to achieving continuous and grid-independent drying. The energy requirements of various greenhouse dryer configurations/shapes are compared. Thermodynamic and thermal modelling research that reported on the performance prediction of solar greenhouse dryers, and drying kinetics studies on various agricultural products, has been compiled in this study.
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Fernandes, Lisete, José R. Fernandes, and Pedro B. Tavares. "Design of a Friendly Solar Food Dryer for Domestic Over-Production." Solar 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2040029.
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Solar drying is one of the many ways of efficiently making use of solar energy to meet the human demand for improved sustainability. In this study, we describe the construction and testing of two indirect solar dryer prototypes, especially designed for vegetables and fruits. The dryers had two compartments: a solar panel and a drying chamber. The dryers were mainly made of wood (Prototype 1) and styrofoam (Prototype 2) and both used recycled aluminum cans. The calculated yield of solar panels was 82% and 77% for Prototype 1 and 2, respectively. The drying tests performed with different fresh products showed that it was possible to dry all of them until less than 10% of their initial weight, at different times, depending on the type of product. As regards the apple slices, the solar dryers were able to remove 95.7% and 95.0% of initial moisture on a wet basis for Prototype 1 and 2, respectively. Comparative tests were conducted with an electric commercial dryer using the same product to explore the drying dynamics and costs. The cost of the final dry product, excluding the purchase of fresh goods, was 6.83 €/kg for the electric dryer, 1.78 €/kg for Prototype 1 and 1.72 €/kg for Prototype 2. Dehydrated apple slices are currently available on the market for around 34.50 €/kg. Our solar dryers can dry quality products at a very low cost for their entire life span, which allows them to compete with electric systems to prevent food waste in a cheaper and environmentally friendly way.
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Hin, Lyhour, Borarin Buntong, Chan Makara Mean, Chhengven Chhoem, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Impacts of Using Solar Dryers on Socio-Economic Conditions of Dried Fish Processors in Cambodia." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 4, 2024): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052130.
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Fish is a vital source of proteins and nutrients and can be eaten in many forms, one of which is dried fish. In Cambodia, fish is mostly dried in traditional ways and can be subject to dust, flies, rain, and weather events, resulting in low-quality products. These issues can be addressed by using solar dryers. Thus, this study was aimed to (1) compare the socio-economic conditions between dried fish processors practicing traditional drying and those using solar dryers, (2) to identify potentials and challenges to dried fish production between the two groups, and (3) to determine the factors affecting income. The study was conducted between May and August 2023, using purposive sampling to select two groups of dried fish processors in three provinces along the river systems in Cambodia. The selection criteria included (1) engagement in year-round dried fish production, (2) at least 100 kg of raw fish dried per month, and (2) willingness to participate in the interviews. Then, 35 dried fish processors that practiced traditional drying and 9 processors that utilized solar dryers were selected. T-tests, chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Likert scale analysis, and multiple linear regression model were used to compare the socio-economic conditions, perceptions, and the factors affecting the income. The results show that the solar dryer group used more labor, produced more dried fish, and had a higher selling price when compared to the traditional drying group. They had more opportunities to attend training and trusted the solar dryer technology. Meanwhile, the traditional drying group preferred direct sun-drying, but dried fish quality was better when solar dryers were used. Experience, total costs, and the use of solar dryers affect the income. In conclusion, using solar dryers tends to produce dried fish of better quality and a higher income, which is good for both health and improved livelihoods of fish producers and sellers.
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Harini, S., V. S. Kavya, and A. S. Ramana. "Recent Developments in Design and Operations of Solar dryer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012007.
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Abstract Solar drying is useful in several residential, commercial and industrial applications. Proper dryer design, operation and maintenance are essential for enhancing the dryer performance and better quality of the dried product. Solar dryer is beneficial as it protects the product from adverse climatic conditions and quickly economically dry the product. The dryer design has undergone significant shapes, dimensions, and storage features leading to better reliability. Researchers worldwide have reported higher energetic and exergetic performance through advanced design, measurement, and control features. Conventional dryer’s efficiency deterioration is attributed to the lack of proper material selection and computational fluid flow techniques. Traditional dryer designs have focused on product drying rate while advanced sustainable solar dryer designs increased solar thermal utilization in a limited area with locally available materials based on fluid flow conditions suitable to the microclimatic conditions. Analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software has assisted in refining dryer designs to be compact with the complex flow and quick product drying features. The present paper tracks developments in solar dryer designs for different dryer classifications. Recommendations for energy-efficient design and measures for improvement in existing dryers are also discussed.
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Hassanain, A. A. "Drying sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in passive solar dryers." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 1 (March 21, 2011): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/14/2010-rae.
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Sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.) were dried in the passive dryers in different times of the year. Different passive solar dryers were used to achieve the socio-economical benefits from drying the medicinal plants growing in Sinai area. Drying sage plants might be a source to increase the Bedouin income instead of cannabis or marijuana, especially if it is exported abroad. Four drying methods were used in this investigation to dry sage in two seasons, namely August 2009 and March 2010 before flowering stage. Plants were dried in an Unglazed transpired passive solar dryer with 100% exposure to direct sun-rays, in a greenhouse dryer covered with shading cloth with 50% exposure to direct sun-rays, and with 0% sun-rays while the medicinal plants were protected from sun i.e. in shaded barn. Investigations were carried out under the environmental weather conditions of Ismailia, Egypt. The study revealed that sage can be dried at different times of the year even before the flowering stage of the plants.
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Hosseinzadeh, J., A. Mohhebi, and R. Loni. "OPTICAL SIMULATION OF A SOLAR PARABOLIC COLLECTOR AND CAVITY RECEIVERS USING RAY-TRACING SOFTWARE TRACEPRO WITH NATIVE CONDITIONS OF IRAN FOR SOLAR DRYERS." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 59, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-59-22.
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This paper proposes the design and optical evaluation of a solar dish collector with changeable structure using TracePro software with native conditions of Iran for solar dryers. The designed dish concentrator has a diameter of 1.5m. TracePro's goal is to design and evaluate complex optical systems. Modeling a parabolic concentrator in TracePro can be achieved using several methods. All segments of dish collectors are made of glass (perfect parabolic mirror with a reflection coefficient of 95%). In the ray-tracing simulations, the two cavity receiver model (cylindrical and semi-sphere) is added to study the influence of physical parameters of the cavity. The simulation result shows that semi-spherical receiver is better and it has got better optical performance. Thereby it is highly recommended for various types of solar dryers such as direct drying (solar box dryer), or indirect drying (solar cabinet dryer).
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Alkahdery, L. A. "PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTOF SOLAR DRYER USINGAN AUXILIARY HEAT SOURCE UNDER DIFFERENT VALUES OF AIRFLOW RATES." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 20, no. 1(43) (March 20, 2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023no1/42-50.
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One of the most crucial methods for preserving agricultural produce is solar drying. The major focus of this paper is increasing solar drying systems' effectiveness. The development of new methods and variables that may have an impact on the functionality of solar dryers aids in enhancing their efficiency. An indirect-type solar dryer for drying agricultural products is proposed and developed in this study. A dryer consisting of a solar flat plate air collector, an insulated drying chamber, an auxiliary (electric) heat source, and an electric fan is constructed to improve the dryer's performance. The dryer's most typical function is to blow hot air at the product, forcing the water in it to evaporate. The effect of air temperature and velocity on evaporation rate has been studied experimentally. Tests with three different airflow rates—0.042, 0.0735, and 0.105 m3/s—are conducted. When there is little or no solar radiation, an auxiliary heater is used to provide sufficient heat. For varying airflow rates, solar mode and electrical mode were tested experimentally with only one energy source in each mode. The findings revealed that using a different heat source in addition to solar radiation will allow you to keep the air temperature in the drying chamber between 32oCand 42oC. Also, it was found that for the whole drying process at high air velocities, the temperature had less influence on the dryer's performance.
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Kemas Muhammat Abdul Fatah, Indriyani, and Ari Beni Santoso. "Uji Eksperimental Efisiensi Panas Alat Pengering Surya Langsung Pasif Berbiaya Murah dengan Variasi Material Penutup Transparan." Infotekmesin 13, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/infotekmesin.v13i2.1535.
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Indonesia should be able to provide inexpensive solar dryers due to the availability of sunlight all year round throughout the country. This study proposes a passive direct solar dryer as it is the simplest one to construct, with aluminum mesh sheets as a heat-absorbing material, and glass fiber as an insulating material. For the cost-effective transparent cover, this study proposes 0.8 mm clear polycarbonate (PC), 2 mm clear glass, and 2 mm clear acrylic. The experimental test results of the solar dryer model showed that the highest heat efficiency value for polycarbonate (PC) is 16%, whereas the heat efficiency value for glass and acrylic is 10% and 8%, respectively. Through these findings, the construction of solar dryers is simple and low cost by using glass fiber as insulation, aluminum mesh sheets as heat absorbers, and PC instead of thin glass as transparent covers.
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Pongsapan, Allo Sarira, and Rombe Allo. "KARAKTERISTIK PENGERING SURYA (SOLAR DRYER) DENGAN TURBIN VENTILATOR." Jurnal Teknik AMATA 3, no. 2 (December 3, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55334/jtam.v3i2.297.
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In previous studies, the dryers analyzed were solar dryers with secondary collectors, multilevel racks and exhaust fans. This research succeeded in overcoming the phenomenon of the slow drying process due to the trapping of water vapor coming out of the sample (heap of grain) on the drying rack on the middle and top drying racks. In addition, the air temperature in the dryer cabin does not exceed 70oC so that the quality of the dried product (grain) is guaranteed. The drawback of this dryer is that the exhaust fan used requires a supply of electrical energy so that the efficiency of the dryer is still low. To overcome these deficiencies, this research will be modified by replacing the exhaust fan with a turbine ventilator. This research was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Cenderawasih University because it already has sufficient supporting equipment. The method used is an experimental method, which is to make a solar dryer with a 3-level rack type with a secondary collector and a turbine ventilator. Then testing is carried out to determine its characteristics. The results showed that the addition of a turbine ventilator is a solution to overcome the use of electrical energy in solar dryers. The drying process on drying racks 2 (middle) and 3 (top) takes place quickly because the turbine ventilator can work like an exhaust fan. The mass flow rate of air out of the dryer is also good so that the temperature in the dryer cabin is maintained (does not exceed 70oC). The time of grain from the initial moisture content of 24.8% to the final moisture content of 14% is 5 hours (shelf 1); 6 hours (rack 2) and 6 hours (rack 3). The maximum efficiency obtained is 27.35% (rack 1); 24.05% (rack 2); 22.95% (rack 3); 24.78% (mean).
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Khathir*, Rita, Edi Kurniawan, Yunita Yunita, and Syafriandi Syafriandi. "Drying Characteristics of Cacao Beans using Modified Solar Tunnel Dryer Type Hohenheim." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (November 17, 2023): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.12.3.30246.
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Drying cacao has been conducted by open-sun drying systems by farmers worldwide. To improve the cacao drying, the use of solar dryers can be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying characteristics of using a modified solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim in drying cacao. As a comparison, the sun-drying method was also conducted. The parameters observed were temperature, relative humidity (RH), weight loss, moisture content, fat content, hardness, and drying rate. Results showed that the average temperature of the Hohenheim dryer was higher at about 10°C than the ambient temperature. However, the Hohenheim dryer's drying temperature fluctuated due to the oscillation of solar irradiation. The drying process took time for 12h in 2 days. The humidity in the drying chamber was high, above 50%, representing that the dryer needed additional fans to improve its air circulation. The final moisture content of cacao dried using Hohenheim dryer and sun-drying was 12.7 and 17.4%, respectively. The drying rate of cacao dried using a Hohenheim dryer was double that of sun-drying. Therefore, the dryer can speed up the drying time and protect the cacao from contamination.
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Santoso, Pande Putu Agus, Iklas Sanubary, and Diah Mahmuda. "Pembuatan Alat Pengering Cocopeat dengan Sistem Hybrid Berbasis Panel Surya." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 6, no. 2 (November 26, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v6i2.1235.
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<p><em>The purpose of this study was to describe the process and results of making cocopeat dryers with a hybrid system based on solar panels. This research was conducted with a tool development method consisting of five steps, namely literature study, design, tool and material preparation, manufacturing, and functional tests. The study results were (1) the process of making cocopeat dryers with a hybrid system based on the solar panel was the calculation of solar panel components, frame making, coating of frames with the casing, assembling of electronic components, and functional tests. (2) The cocopeat dryer with a hybrid system based on solar panels that have been made has dimensions of 120 cm in length, 60 cm in width, and 130 cm in height—equipped with a 100 Wp solar panel, a 12 V 65Ah dry battery, a 600 W inverter, three 15W halogen lamps, and a 22W fan. (3) The functional test results show that the average temperature inside the dryer is 52.84oC, 8.56oC higher than the temperature outside the tool. The average humidity inside the dryer is 23.4%, 17.2% lower than the humidity outside the appliance. </em></p>
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Queiroz, Alexandre J. de M., Hermeval J. Dantas, Rossana M. F. de Figueirêdo, and Karla dos S. Melo. "Solar drying of jack fruit almonds." Engenharia Agrícola 31, no. 6 (December 2011): 1150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162011000600012.
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Dryers heated by solar energy have been constructed and used in drying whole and half jack fruit almonds. The samples were dried during the day in direct sun and in the conventional solar dryer prepared for this purpose. Another piece of equipment was built for reception and accumulation of sun energy in a body of water, which was used as a heat source for night drying. The drying with the sun energy was compared with artificial drying. The jack fruit almonds were dried whole, half, with pellicle and without it. The storage of solar energy in water was technically viable for use in night drying. The drying by combining solar dryers in the day and night periods were completed in approximately 35 hours, and were equivalent to artificial drying between 40ºC and 70ºC. Almond cut in half and the pellicle removed reduced the drying time.
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Rizalman, Mohd Khairulanwar, Ervin Gubin Moung, Jamal Ahmad Dargham, Zuhair Jamain, Nurul’azah Mohd Yaakub, and Ali Farzamnia. "A review of solar drying technology for agricultural produce." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i3.pp1407-1419.
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Agriculture contributes to large export earnings for many countries and provides food all over the world. However, most agricultural products need some post-harvest processing, such as drying, to extend their shelf life while still maintaining their respective nutrient quality. One popular post-harvest processing method is drying using solar energy. It is a type of renewable energy that is abundant and free. Conventional dryers use grid electricity and can be expensive to operate. Consequently, there is a growing need for cost-effective solar-powered agricultural dryers that is reasonable for smaller-scale farmers. Although current solar dryers are still not on par with modern electricity-powered dryers, solar dryers have lower running costs and are sustainable and able to generate electricity. They can also be used practically anywhere with abundant solar energy. As numerous solar drying technologies have been proposed over the past decade, it is necessary to assess the current state of solar drying technology in the agricultural sector to identify current advancements and potential research gaps. In this paper, a review of existing solar dryers mechanism and the state of the art of solar drying technology research for agricultural products is presented.
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Boonthum, Eakpoom, Sirichai Sirichana, Aphainun Namkhet, and Umphisak Teeboonma. "Comparative Study on Performance of Passive and Active Solar Dryer." Key Engineering Materials 978 (March 27, 2024): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2gfc9w.
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Performance of solar dryers were tested. In the past, to study the efficiency of solar dryers. A dryer with one drying chamber was built and tested by changing the conditions. In each experiment, the solar irradiance value is different, which can cause the results to be inaccurate. Therefore, in this study, a number of drying chambers are designed according to the number of experimental conditions to be studied during the same period. To reduce factors that will cause discrepancies in the experimental results. The solar dryer with 4 drying chambers was constructed in 1 unit and tested the performance of passive solar dryer (PSD) and active solar dryer (ASD). Air flowrate of ASD varied at 0.03 m3/s (ASD0.03), 0.06 m3/s (ASD0.06) and 0.09 m3/s (ASD0.09). Pork was selected as testing material with initial moisture content of 265% dry basis. Drying rate, solar dryer efficiency and specific energy consumption are criteria to evaluate of solar dryer performance. Result from the experimental was found that the performance of PSD is lowest compared with ASDs. Furthermore, it was revealed that the drying rate of ASD0.06 is higher than that for PSD, ASD0.03 and ASD0.09 by 22% 10% and 8%, respectively. Results from the experimental reveal the ASDs performance are higher than that of PSD. Moreover, it was found that the drying rate of ASD0.06 is higher than that for PSD, ASD0.03 and ASD0.09 by 22% 10% and 8%, respectively. Whereas, specific energy consumption of ASD0.06 is lower than that PSD, ASD0.03 and ASD0.09 by 26%, 11% and 9%, respectively. Finally, it was also found that solar dryer efficiency of PSD, ASD0.03, ASD0.06 and ASD0.09 are 11.68%, 13.34%, 14.89% and 13.73%, respectively.
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Priyanka Das and Archana Singha Dutta. "A Comparative Study on Drying of Ber." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 50, no. 1 (February 17, 2024): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2013501.1502.
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Ber (Zizyphus jujuba) is one of the popular seasonal, but highly perishable fruit of India. Plantations of indigenous fruit are depleting gradually due to lack of processing facilities. Traditional processing of the fruit, although crude, is popular in India. Traditionally processed fruits do not have market value as not accepted by the consumers. Among the unit operations for processing of fruit, drying is the most important. At domestic level, sun drying is popular and convenient, but does not maintain quality of the finished product. For commercial products mechanical dryers, solar dryers, microwave dryers, etc are used. Application of a dryer for a particular produce depends on the physical and biological characteristics of the produce. A study on drying pattern and nutritional qualities of dried product (ber) showed that microwave technology combined with solar drying could be applied to dry it and retain its quality.
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Reza, Md Selim, and Md Anowar Hossain. "Development and performance assessment of a hybrid solar cabinet dryer for fish drying." Energy and Thermofluids Engineering 3 (January 31, 2024): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/ete.v3.758.
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The fish products can be stored for longer period in dry condition, but most of the fresh fish in remote areas of our country are spoils due to lack of proper preservation. To overcome this problem, hybrid solar dryer can play an important role to make drying continuous during night and daytime also off sunshine hours. In this project, a hybrid solar cabinet dryer has been designed, constructed, and performance tested for fish drying. The dryer consists of a drying chamber, solar collector, two trays of dimensions (60×60) cm and paraffin wax as PCM. It also consists of photovoltaic cell modules, heating element, electric battery, and other electric equipment such as inlet and outlet fans. The dryer has been operated as both a solar energy dryer during normal sunny days and a hybrid solar dryer during cloudy days. Paraffin wax system inside drying chamber absorbed heat energy in Sunny time. At the same time the battery is charged from the solar system and therefore the water kept in the tank reaches a certain temperature by absorbing heat from nature, which provides heat by circulating the water inside the drying chamber during inclement weather. Electric fans are used at the inlet of the solar collector and outlet of the dryer to maintain adequate air flow inside the drying chamber. During the night and cloudy weather paraffin wax and heater system deliver heat to maintain the set temperature in drying chamber. The grain bed in the dryer is heated by air that comes from a separate solar collector, and at the same time, the drying cabinet collects solar energy directly through the transparent walls and roof. The dryer demonstrated the capacity to dry fish to an appropriate moisture level in a reasonable amount of time, and concurrently, it insured that the fish would be of high quality. The drying rate of hybrid solar dryers is evaluated on fresh fish and compared with solar dryers and sun drying under the same climatic conditions.
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Weinert, Dieter, and Andre Grosser. "Improved Solar Biosolids Dryers." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 789–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811693641.
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Hin, Lyhour, Chan Makara Mean, Meng Chhay Kim, Chhengven Chhoem, Borarin Bunthong, Lytour Lor, Taingaun Sourn, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Development and Performance Assessment of Sensor-Mounted Solar Dryer for Micro-Climatic Modeling and Optimization of Dried Fish Quality in Cambodia." Clean Technologies 6, no. 3 (July 26, 2024): 954–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol6030048.
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Fish are one of the main sources of protein in Cambodia but they are highly perishable. This requires immediate consumption or processing for later use. In processing, fish drying is very common, but most processors practice traditional drying methods although solar dryers have been introduced, or gradually used, in Cambodia. There is a large variation in terms of drying efficiency due to large differences in solar radiation, temperature, and humidity conditions in traditional drying methods and solar dryers. However, there is limited information on the actual variation in these two systems, which should be documented in Cambodia. Using sensors to monitor micro-climatic changes inside the drying chamber will be useful to improve efficiency and performance. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to (1) design a fish dryer from locally available inputs; (2) determine changes in solar radiation over time; (3) compare relative humidity and temperatures between traditional sun-drying and the solar dryer; (4) determine the relationship among the climatic parameters; and (5) compare some physical, chemical, and biological properties of dried fish in both drying techniques with the Cambodian dried fish standards. The study was conducted in collaboration with a fish processor in the Siem Reap Province between December 2023 and January 2024 using a sensor-mounted solar dryer fabricated by the Royal University of Agriculture to dry fish and compared with traditional sun-drying. Three experiments were carried out from 8:00 to 16:00 following the common drying practices in Cambodia. In each experiment, 80–100 kg of raw giant snakehead, or 56–70 kg of prepared fish (1.04 ± 0.05 kg each fish), was prepared for drying. Data on environmental conditions were measured and analyzed. The results show that the solar dryer had higher temperatures (almost 60 °C) and lower relative humidity (about 20%) during peak hours when compared with traditional sun-drying (36.8 °C and 40%, respectively). In all cases, relative humidity decreased with rising solar radiation and temperatures. The final weight and moisture of dried fish in the solar dryer were lower than those in traditional sun-drying in eight hours. Salmonella was detected with traditional sun-drying but E. coli was not. Bacterial presence may be harmful to human health. Nevertheless, the time spent for drying in both techniques was the same, so future studies should focus on improving ventilation to remove moisture faster out of the solar dryer, which can help with faster drying and more time saving. Hybrid solar dryers should also be considered to maintain high temperatures at night, while bacteria should be counted for safety reasons.
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Desai, N. N., V. M. Modi, and V V Modi. "Dehydration of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Halves Using Different Drying Methods." Annals of Arid Zone 63, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v63i2.138791.
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The date fruits are a food of high energy value. It is very popular both nationally and internationally. Date fruits are perishable fruit crops grown in the coastal region of Kutchh of Gujarat state A study was carried out to determine the drying characteristics of date halves using a hot air dryer, solar dryer, and open sun drying methods. The date halves were dried under a hot air flow dryer at temperature levels of 50, 60, and 70°C under pre-treatment of blanching. The rate of moisture of the blanched sample should only 7.5% reduction at 54 h drying period. In the case of date halves drying, the constant weight of the sample was achieved at 56 h of drying period in a solar cabinet dryer as compared to 320 h for open sun drying. The moisture content was reduced from 69.5 to 8.7% (w.b.) under a solar cabinet dryer for drying of 56 h, while the moisture content was reduced from 69.5 to 12.3% (w.b.) under open sun drying for a drying period of 320 h. The higher net return was obtained solar cabinet drying method as compared to the hot air flow dryer and open sun drying method. The cost of construction of a solar cabinet dryer is less than compared of a hot air flow dryer. The colour and flavour taste is superior in the case of solar cabinet dryer as compared to other dryers. Date halves dried at 70°C developed a dark brown colour, which might be due to higher drying temperatures. It resulted in higher selling prices to the growers. A higher net return (Rs. 89.83 kg-1) was obtained in the case of the solar cabinet dryer. Solar cabinet dryer and hot air flow dryer protects the produce from insect, bird damage, animals, excreta from rodents and birds, unseasonal rain, and wind storm. The solar cabinet dryer and hot air flow dryer could also be used to dry other farm produce like tomato chips, cowpeas, fennel, potato slices, coriander leaves, chilly, etc. It is used to adopt solar cabinet dryers for drying date halves.
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Zhu, QuanKun, Istvan Farkas, and Janos Buzas. "Influencing Factors Used for Performance Evaluation of Solar Dryers." European Journal of Energy Research 4, no. 3 (July 22, 2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2024.4.3.145.
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Due to the rapid growth in human energy demand, research and development in renewable energy sources have become a top priority. Solar energy, as a renewable energy source, is widely used in the drying industry. This study examines the factors that influence the performance evaluation of solar dryers. The dryer consists of an air collector, a drying chamber, and a chimney. Experiments were conducted at the Solar Energy Laboratory of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences in Hungary (47.59° N, 19.36° E). The drying behaviour of single-pass and double-pass solar dryers was compared under the same environmental conditions. The analysis results indicate that the maximum solar radiation value is 950 W/m2 at 12:00. The maximum temperature difference between the top and bottom channels of the double-pass solar air collector is 9.5 °C. The average humidity in the environment, single-pass, and double-pass drying chambers is 31%, 26.5%, and 24%, respectively. The instantaneous efficiency of the single-pass solar collector reaches a peak of 56%, while the double-pass collector’s instantaneous efficiency peaks at around 60%. The collector performance curves show that the double-pass collector has a more stable performance.
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Ravikumar Solomon, G., K. Ilayaperumal, R. Balaji, and B. Chellappa. "Experimental analysis of agricultural solar dryer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012055.
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Abstract The drying process is simply the moisture extraction process of a product. It can be achieved with different approaches. In these processes, thermal drying is most widely used for drying agricultural products. This drying systems are normally divided into low and high temperature dryers according to their working temperature levels. In low temperature drying systems, natural-circulation greenhouse model dryers seem the most desirable method for use in remote regions. There are operationally and competitive economically to natural open sun drying. Here solar collector of dimensions (1.25m×1m×0.2m) with area of 1.25m2 has been painted black to absorb solar radiation and the solar drying cabinet that is divided into 3 number divisions separated by four removable shelves. Each shelf is 0.3m wide and 0.5m in length and is composed of a wooden boundary framed nylon wire mesh. For loading and unloading purposes, both sides of the drying chamber walls are sealed with wood and a shutter on the back. During this research, grapes were dried. In the four days after drying, the grapes’ moisture content was decreased from 81.7% to 36.7%. The drying air flows naturally through the commodity. The operating modes are discussed in this research. The results were discussed for designed solar agricultural dryer. Also it involves with the design and fabrication of agriculture solar dryer that can be manufactured in rural areas in an economic way.
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ACOSTA, ISRAEL, and MARGARITA CASTILLO TELLEZ. "EXERGETIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOYBEAN DRYING PROCESS WITH SOLAR ENERGY IN HOT-HUMID CLIMATES." DYNA 98, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10536.
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Recently, solar dryers research has focused on determining the drying kinetics and its description from mathematical models; however, exergetic studies are relatively limited. Theoretical and experimental studies are required to break the knowledge barrier with this approach, assessing the maximum potential useful work wasted (exergy loss) by a system as it equilibrates with a reference environment (environment). Through the instrumentation of cabinet–type solar dryers, this work presents the exergetic analysis to evaluate the heat and mass transfer processes of soybean in hot-humid climates. The thermal performance of solar dryer with natural and forced convection was compared. The behavior of irradiance, ambient temperature, and relative humidity and their relationship with weight loss were analyzed. For natural and forced convection, the average exergetic efficiencies were 47.40% and 53.67%, respectively. Sustainability indicators were estimated: improvement potential, sustainability index, and wasted energy ratio. The exergetic performance was better in the process with forced convection compared to natural Keywords: Exergetic analysis, Solar drying technologies, Sustainability indicators.
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Ameta, Ashutosh, Mohammad Inayat Pinjara, Alok Kumar Dudhera, and Harveer Singh Pali. "Development a Solar Dryer for low income group Farmers for sub cooled region." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2062, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2062/1/012026.
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Abstract Solar dryer is a device that use solar energy to dry substances, especially food and agriculture product. Drying is one of the indispensable techniques for large-scale food preservation. There are already various types of solar dryer available but need a better performing solar dryer which can perform better in low sunshine hours and also in off sunshine hours. In present work combination of trapezoidal and tunnel type structured solar dryer developed for experimental trials. It showed better efficiency and effectiveness in compared to the existing solar dryers with respect to previous design available so far. After the experiments, it is found that maximum temperature rise was recorded 76°C however ambient temperature was 24 °C. At same time % reduction in weight was highly appreciable after three to four hour drying. Results of drying rates up to 50% after three hour drying. So present solar dryer is economical and potential solution to preserve the vegetables and crops to improve income of formers.
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Bignan-Kagomna, Bouwereou, Daniel Winde Nongue Koumbem, Abdoul Aziz Ouiminga, Bagaya Noufou, Ki Mibienpan, and Issaka Ouedraogo. "VALORIZATION OF ONION AND TOMATO THROUGH SOLAR DRYING: CASE OF THE SHELL SOLAR DRYER." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 06 (June 30, 2024): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18941.
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One of the most widely grown vegetable crops in Burkina Faso is onion and tomato. Solar drying is crucial for the conservation of these products. One of the most accessible solar dryers is the shell solar dryer, which allows these products to be dried hygienically. We were able to obtain some results from the experiment carried out over three typical days with a solar dryer which shelled 1116 g of onion and 695 g of tomato cut and distributed on the three racks of the dryer. We observed a total water loss of 456 g for the onion and 257 g for the tomato from the first to the third day of the experiment. The shell solar dryer has an efficiency of 29.88% with an inlet temperature of 33°C, an outlet temperature of 76°C and an air mass flow rate of 0.004 kg/s. The average solar irradiation is 579 W/m 2.
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Jang, Sung, and Young Lee. "Experimental study on cascade heat pump dryer with a solar collector under low temperature outdoor air environment." Thermal Science 22, no. 2 (2018): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160811086j.
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A heat pump dryer can save more energy than other dryers since its drying efficiency is 2-3 times higher than that of other types of dryers. However, the lower bound of evaporating temperature for an R134a heat pump cycle ranges from 5 to 10?C, when the outdoor air temperature closely approaches the evaporating temperature, it experiences reduced efficiency and ultimately becomes inoperable. To address this issue, a cascade heat pump dryer equipped with a solar collector was considered in order to examine the operability and efficiency of the heat pump cycle, depending on changes in the outdoor air temperature in wintertime. The changes in cascade cycles, depending on the temperature in a drying chamber, were also observed. The results showed that the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the cascade heat pump dryer was approximately 2.6 under the temperature range of ?10 to 20 ?C. An electrical heater whose COP is less than one should be used in that temperature range. It was also found that COP of the dryer increased by approximately 35% when using a solar collector under a low outdoor air temperature environment.
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Azis, Abdul, Abdul Waris, Iqbal Salim, Masyhur Syafiuddin, Eka Setiawan, Nana rezkiana, Andi Azizah, and Muhammad Azmi Alamsyah. "Testing The Heat Distribution of Flat Plate Type Solar Collectors for LPG Solar Hybrid Dryers at P4S Bukit Melintang." BIO Web of Conferences 96 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249603004.
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One of the uses of solar energy in agriculture is as a source of heat energy for dryers. Through the Kedaireka 2023 Matching Fund (MF) activity and in collaboration with the Independent Rural Agricultural Training Center (P4S) of Bukit Melintang, Sidrap Regency to develop a hybrid solar and LPG dryer. Thermal energy from the sun is obtained from a flat plate-type solar collector system. This research aims to obtain a flat plate-type solar collector system as an alternative heat source for hybrid dryers. The research was carried out to test the functional tool and determine its performance in converting solar energy into heat that can be used for drying equipment. The results of tests carried out on October 22, 2023, from 10.25 AM to 13.35 PM at the Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, with coordinates -5.131048, 119.485434 showed that the average environmental temperature was 36.5 °C, the highest temperature in the solar collector outlet was 57 °C which occurred at 11.15 – 11.40. and experienced a decrease in temperature until 13.35 to the lowest temperature of 42.5 °C. This shows that the solar collector can increase the temperature from 60 to 20.5 °C.
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Benedict, Ebangu, Dintwa Edward, Motsamai Oboetswe, and Okiror Grace. "Numerical Simulation of Rock-bed Solar Thrmal Storage Energy." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v9i1.14.
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Solar dryers are increasingly being applied to dry fruits and vegetables in order to increase their shelf-lives. In the sunny-belt countries, the availability of solar irradiance is taken for granted and the mean daily solar irradiation is oftn used as the design basis for a solar dryer. Th predicted performance of the solar irradiance is therefore inherently inaccurate. Contemporary solar dryer designs incorporate thermal energy storage (TES) systems for application aftr sunset. Th performance of such TES systems is oftn determined experimentally. In this study, mathematical models have been developed and by numerical simulation using the technique of Finite Diffrential Method (FDM) and MATLAB programming, the performances of solar irradiance as well as that of the TES system have been predicted. Th simulation results were secured to inform the design of the solar dryer for fruits and vegetables in the sun-belt countries.
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Sastro, Simon Julian, Yuwana Yuwana, and Evanila Silvia. "YSD UNIB 12 SOLAR DRYER PERFORMANCE FOR ROBUSTA CAFFEE DRYING." Jurnal Agroindustri 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2014): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.4.2.78-85.
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This article presents the results of research that aims to determine the performance of the dryer YSD UNIB 12 in dry Robusta coffee. Observation parameters are divided into two test groups, namely: Test performance of the dryer without a test load and dryers with load performance. Parameter observations on no-load test include temperature and relative humidity in the dryer and outside the dryer (control) while the parameters of observation to the test with a load includes temperature and humidity inside and outside the dryer, coffee moisture content decreased with the thickness of the drying 5 cm, 7 cm and 9 cm and capacity dryers. From the no-load test observations, the average temperature conditions outside air ranged between 26°C - 33°C and relative humidity of 63% - 92%, smoking can increase the drying chamber temperature between 30°C - 45°C and relative humidity 43% - 82%. Test observations with the load on the outside air conditions 29°C - 32°C and a relative humidity of 59% - 79%, the temperature inside the kiln reaches between 36°C - 40°C and relative humidity ranged between 44% - 58% while decreasing moisture content of coffee following equation MC = 59.61 e-0, 03t for drying 9 cm thickness, MC = 61,16e-0, 03t for drying 7 cm thickness and MC = 62.39e-0, 03t for drying thickness of 5 cm. Of these equations are known to use the dryer drying speed is slower than the traditional drying but use a dryer can save an area of 1,09-fold.
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Du, Jiang Yong, Xin Zhi Liu, and Hou Lei Zhang. "Design and Analysis of Concentrated Solar-Energy Assisted Paddle Dryers." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.73.
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Paddle dryer, one kind of indirect dryers, is widely used in removing moisture content of many materials, such as brown coal, sewage sludge, and biomass. For many applications, the materials to be dried are low-valued or even wastes, so the drying energy consumption becomes the critical issue. One way to reduce the energy consumption is to introduce solar-drying technology. In this paper, firstly, we present a paddle dryer system configuration with concentrated solar energy (CSE) device, which consists of trough-type collectors, thermal storage tanks and auxiliary parts. Then a calculating model is developed to design the drying system. Examples with typical solar radiation conditions in Nanjing, China are illustrated. The energy-saving rate (η), i.e. the ratio of the provided solar energy to the total energy required by the drying process on one-day basis, is evaluated. The developed lab prototype is finally described in brief.
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Mirzaev, Sh, J. Kodirov, and S. I. Khamraev. "Method for determining the sizes of structural elements and semi-empirical formula of thermal characteristics of solar dryers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1070, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1070/1/012021.
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Abstract By choosing the initial dimensions of flat solar collectors, and by measuring the temperature of the incoming and outgoing air from the collector, it is possible to determine the linear dimensions of the drying cabinet attached to the collector. It is also possible to establish the basic semi-empirical formulas for determining the thermal characteristics of solar dryers. This calculation method was applied to design and build a study of an indirect solar dryer with natural air convection for drying apricots.
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RAKHIMOV, R. KH, and D. N. MUKHTOROV. "SOLAR DRYING OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES USING POLYETHYLENE-CERAMIC COMPOSITE." Computational nanotechnology 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2023-10-4-103-109.
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The article presents the results of research on drying fruits and vegetables using polyethylene-ceramic composite material as a coating for a solar solar dryer. A comparative analysis of the drying efficiency in solar dryers based on composite and traditional polyethylene coating is provided. The conditions and methodology of the experiments are described. The results of comparison of drying time and residual moisture of products were obtained. A higher efficiency of the drying process is shown when using a composite material.
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Abdul Razak, Amir, M. A. S. M. Tarminzi, M. A. A. Azmi, Y. H. Ming, MRM Akramin, and NM Mokhtar. "Recent advances in solar drying system: A Review." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.8.1.2021.1001.
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Research on solar dryer technology proliferates since it reduces the drying period while keeping nutritional values in the agricultural products. This paper presented a review of recent advances in the solar drying system. This review is composed of working principles and classifications of solar dryers. They were classified into two main elements: airflow modes, either passive or active, and the way heat is transferred: direct, indirect, mixed-mode, and hybrid. The hybrid system used several types of elements to supply additional heat in the drying system, as elaborated in this paper, such as the electrical heater, biomass, and photovoltaic system. The advantages and disadvantages of the solar dryer also being discussed in this paper
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Wibowo, Harry Setyo. "Perkembangan Teknologi Pengering surya." Jurnal Permadi: Perancangan, Manufaktur, Material dan Energi 2, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/permadi.v2i2.35.
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Solar dryers used in agriculture for food and crop drying are used for industrial drying processes. They can be proved to be a very useful device from the energy conservation point of view. It not only saves energy but also saves a lot of time, occupies less area, improves quality of the product, makes the process more efficient, and also protects the environment. Solar dryers circumvent some of the major disadvantages of classical drying. Solar drying under controlled conditions of temperature and moisture removing rate ensures perfect drying and desirable product quality. The percentage of moisture content in different agricultural products is different and varies product to product. For drying different moisture content products, the drying systems are usually classified as low and high temperature operated drying systems. The indirect, direct, and mixed mode dryers that have shown potential in drying agricultural products in the tropical and subtropical countries are discussed. A side from identifying the active and passive mode solar dryers, they also highlight the environmental influence on solar energy (harnessing) that plays a vital role in the solar drying sector. The classifications of sun drying procedures are created based on the stage of processing, the location of drying, or the apprehension to solar radiation. This paper also presents the related technologies that can help improve existing solar dryers.
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Maryana, Y. E., D. Saputra, G. Priyanto, and K. Yuliati. "A review of the inflated solar dryer for improving the quality of agricultural product." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012075.
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Abstract Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. This processing technique can be used to preserve agricultural products. Insufficient drying techniques may result in a progressively worse standard of the product. A number of different sources of energy are commonly utilized in drying processes such as fuel or biomass. The shortage of fossil fuels and expensive processes may damage the environment; consequently, solar-energy-utilized dryers become the main choice for drying agricultural crops. The inflated solar-energy-utilized dryers were used to dry agricultural crops because the design was simple and easy to operate and maintain, and the dryers prevented excessive heat on the top layer of the exposed object to the sun’s rays. In addition, they could be installed in new locations in a very short time. This study aimed to review in depth the inflated solar-energy-utilized dryers and found out their advantages. What’s more, it paid particular attention to providing a comprehensive description of the design of inflated solar-energy-utilized dryers and their application to a variety of different agricultural commodities. The results of the study showed that the inflated solar-energy-utilized dryers were both faster for drying and improved the product quality regarding the aflatoxin level and impurities.