Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solar Energy Policy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Solar Energy Policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Safari, Mohsen, and Fariborz Safari. "Renewable Energy Sources in Iran: Policy and Regulation." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 4 (August 30, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n4p245.

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According to the Fifth Five Year Development Plan, in Iran, renewable resources, under the green horizon scenarios, must provide 5,000 MW of electricity. Among different types of renewable source of energy, there is no shortage of information in Iran, which is located near to zero line (earth’s equator), with about 300 clear sunny days in a year, about setting policies promoting solar energy. Taking into account the availability and benefits of solar energy for Iran, this paper has focused on solar energy.Recent statistics show that, if the current development plans proceed, the capacity of the installed renewable energy systems would reach 2.8GW by 2030. This requires more than 2800 million US dollar investment in 20 years, i.e., 2010 to 2030. Despite the advantages of using solar energy, such as reducing greenhouse gases, it is important to note that solar power is 2.5 to 5 times as expensive as electricity from existing conventional power sources, such as coal and other sources. In order to encourage people to use solar power, there is a need to change our laws and establish an integrated energy regulation, involving tax policy mechanisms to support the deployment of solar energy in Iran. As Iran is dependent upon its fossil fuels, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable, which is a worldwide goal to reduce GHG or CO2 emissions, requires the adoption of a comprehensive policy and integrated regulation nationwide, taking a multidisciplinary approach. This paper exemplifies and considers the 2005 Energy Policy Act and Investment Tax Credit (ICT) for residential energy property, illustrating how solar-energy-regulation could contribute to the sustained development of solar energy. The main purpose is to help the development of sustainable solar energy regulation in Iran.
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Barbosa, Juliana Pacheco, Joisa Dutra Saraiva, and Julia Seixas. "Solar energy policy to boost Brazilian power sector." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2019-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the opportunity for the energy policy in Brazil to tackle the very high cost-effectiveness potencial of solar energy to the power system. Three mechanisms to achieve ambitious reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector by 2030 and 2040 are assessed wherein treated as solar targets under ambitious reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector. Then, three mechanisms to achieve these selected solar targets are suggested. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews current and future incentive mechanisms to promote solar energy. An integrated energy system optimization model shows the most cost-efficient deployment level. Incentive mechanisms can promote renewable sources, aiming to tackle climate change and ensuring energy security, while taking advantage of endogenous energy resources potential. Based on a literature review, as well as on the specific characteristics of the Brazilian power system, under restrictions for the expansion of hydroelectricity and ambitious limitation in the emissions of greenhouse gases from the power sector. Findings The potential unexploited of solar energy is huge but it needs the appropriate incentive mechanism to be deployed. These mechanisms would be more effective if they have a specific technological and temporal focus. The solar energy deployment in large scale is important to the mitigation of climate change. Originality/value The value of the research is twofold: estimations of the cost-effective potential of solar technologies, generated from an integrated optimization energy model, fully calibrated for the Brazilian power system, while tacking the increasing electricity demand, the expected reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the need to increase the access to clean and affordable energy, up to 2040; proposals of three mechanisms to deploy centralized PV, distributed PV and solar thermal power, taking the best experiences in several countries and the recent Brazilian cases.
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Conway, Erik M., and Frank N. Laird. "Solar Energy, Technology Policy, and Institutional Values." Environmental History 8, no. 2 (April 2003): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985732.

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Solangi, K. H., M. R. Islam, R. Saidur, N. A. Rahim, and H. Fayaz. "A review on global solar energy policy." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 4 (May 2011): 2149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.01.007.

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Yakovleva, O., O. Ostapenko, and V. Trandafilov. "EN Energy system efficient performance and energy policy." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 56, no. 3-4 (January 11, 2021): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v56i3-4.1952.

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The 2020 crisis caused by COVID makes the global economy move forward to a new start. In order to achieve strategic goals, the energy sector and the HVAC&R sector forced by faced problems to energy efficiency projects and technologies development and deployment to get fast return on investment and to manage risks for the secure step forward. To meet strategic packet goals global community should redirect investment into the renewables technologies development to integrate them with the energy efficiency projects in the project design phase. On the study of the solar thermal system due to increasing the outlet temperature of ground source heat exchanger it is possible to observe floating increasing COP (opera­ting mode dependence) for the HP system by 4-6%. For getting the greater angles of the collector, the more of the inbound energy can be accumulated and used per annual year. For that reason, collectors intended for the maintenance of HP system, when installing at a large angle. It can reduce the amount of excess heat in the summer season, while the efficiency of the collectors in winter season falling under a smaller angle optimized. The increasing of the COP is caused by reducing of the electrical input to the heat pump cause higher temperature level gain by solar collector. The use of solar thermal collectors bring possibility to reduce borehole depletion. In own turn it can be used for ground heat exchanger regeneration during heat pump stand by. Ukraine can look for the best practices of the sustainable deve­lopment goals worldwide and adopt them by modifying for actual complex tasks due to actual regulations and development new ones to motivate industrial players on the national and global levels for driving sectors development along with the sustainable development scenario
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Yoon, Youngmin. "Kazakhstan’s renewable energy policy and development potential: Focus on Solar Energy." Korean Association of Area Studies 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.42.2.65.

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Expanding the development of renewable energy sources is recognized as one of the most important tasks in terms of responding to climate change and sustainable development. In addition, the increasing instability of the energy supply chain due to the Ukraine war emphasizes the importance of renewable energy in terms of energy security. Kazakhstan, a leading energy exporter among the FSU countries, has been promoting renewable energy development as a national policy for a long time, but has not shown significant results. In this study, Kazakhstan's strengths and limitations in the renewable energy sector, as well as opportunities for development, were examined by evaluating Kazakhstan's renewable energy development potential in three aspects - natural resources, institutions, and technology - with a focus on solar energy. Kazakhstan has relatively abundant solar energy resources, but the technological/industrial level for the development of the solar energy sector appears to be lagging significantly. However, the institutional level related to renewable energy appears to be higher than the world average, and some areas are higher than the OECD average. In order to expand solar energy development in Kazakhstan, cooperation between countries and attraction of investment are needed, which will be an opportunity for Kazakhstan.
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Graell, Gemma Graugés, and George Xydis. "Solar Thermal in the Nordics. A Belated Boom for All or Not?" AIMS Energy 10, no. 1 (2022): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022005.

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<abstract> <p>In this work, the use of solar thermal energy in the Nordic Countries, especially in Denmark, is studied. Renewable energies, such as solar, are an important ally in the fight against Climate Change, with more countries betting on them. In the past, it may have been believed that the Nordic Region does not have enough solar radiation for solar energy to be profitable, but changes in the climate and technology have proven this statement to be wrong. The case of Denmark is a clear example, which has become a leading country when it comes to solar thermal energy. A study of the current Danish solar thermal market is conducted in this project in order to understand how this country is making the most out of this energy source. Three different plants are studied (Silkeborg, Vollerup and Gr?sten) and compared to those of other Nordic Countries (Akershus from Norway and H?meenlinna from Finland). It was found that the main difference between them is the size of the Photovoltaic (PV) parks. Whilst Denmark specialised in large-scale plants with a two-phase building process, the other countries are only using small-scale installations. After a deeper understanding of the Danish energy market, it is concluded that there is a solar thermal energy policy that allows its exploitation. Furthermore, an increase in the level of solar radiation in Denmark over the last decade has led Danish experts to believe that solar energy in the Nordic Countries is going to be even more profitable in the following years. It is believed that Denmark will continue its current expansion into this market and also that the other Nordic countries will soon enough join.</p> </abstract>
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Simpson, Genevieve. "Solar power and policy powerlessness − perceptions of persuasion in distributed residential solar energy policy development." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2017024.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Zhen-Yu Zhao, Munir Ahmad, and Marie Mukeshimana. "Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041206.

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Energy generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels in Pakistan. Due to the huge population and current progress in industrialization, these sources are not fulfilling the existing energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, they have adverse environmental impacts and are economically unsuitable to electrify remote areas. Consequently, there is a need to look for alternate energy sources. The aim of this paper is to find out the best renewable energy option for Pakistan. For this purpose, we have collected data for solar radiation and wind speed for a period of one year in four major cities of Pakistan. Results indicate that solar energy is the best renewable energy option for Pakistan in terms of price, life span, operation and maintenance cost. Key barriers have been identified over the whole solar energy spectrum through semi-structured interviews with industry professionals. And finally, important policy recommendations have been proposed for institutions and government to overcome these barriers and utilize maximum solar energy in the country.
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Jamil, Uzair, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Energy Policy for Agrivoltaics in Alberta Canada." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010053.

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As Alberta increases conventional solar power generation, land-use conflicts with agriculture increase. A solution that enables low-carbon electricity generation and continued (in some cases, increased) agricultural output is the co-locating of solar photovoltaics (PV) and agriculture: agrivoltaics. This review analyzes policies that impact the growth of agrivoltaics in Alberta. Solar PV-based electricity generation is governed by three regulations based on system capacity. In addition, agrivoltaics falls under various legislations, frameworks, and guidelines for land utilization. These include the Land Use Framework, Alberta Land Stewardship Act, Municipal Government Act, Special Areas Disposition, Bill 22, and other policies, which are reviewed in the agrivoltaics context. Several policies are recommended to support the rapid deployment of agrivoltaics. Openly accessible agrivoltaics research will help optimize agrivoltaic systems for the region, and can be coupled with public education to galvanize social acceptability of large-scale PV deployment. Clearly defining and categorizing agrivoltaics technology, developing agrivoltaics standards, making agrivoltaics technology-friendly regulations and frameworks, and developing programs and policies to incentivize agrivoltaics deployment over conventional PV will all accelerate the technology’s deployment. Through these measures, Alberta can achieve conservation and sustainability in the food and energy sectors while simultaneously addressing their renewable energy and climate-related goals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Close, Brett T. "Solar energy research and development in California." Pomona College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,16.

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The energy crisis of 2001, high prices for gas and electricity and worries of climate change have caused a growing awareness about energy issues in California. The problems are clear. This paper looks at the next step of finding and implementing solutions. In this case the contribution that solar photovoltaic and solar thermal generation could make toward solving the problem. This paper looks at technological change, the current state of solar energy research, current government policies on solar energy, and finally makes policy recommendations to meet the stated problem.
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Mukhopadhyay, Boidurjo. "Solar energy based entrepreneurship and rural development : analysing institutional arrangements that support solar energy entrepreneurs in India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68229/.

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Renewable energy (RE hereafter) has been observed as a potentially significant new source of jobs and rural growth in both OECD and BRICs countries, and a means of addressing environmental and energy security concerns. The global deployment of RE has been expanding rapidly. For instance, the RE electricity sector grew by 26% between 2005 and 2010 globally and currently provides about 20% of the world's total power (including hydro-power) (OECD, 2012). Rural areas attract a large part of investment related to renewable energy deployment, rending to be sparsely populated but with abundant sources of RE. Several case studies have found that RE deployment can provide hosting communities with some benefits including new revenue sources, new job and business opportunities, innovation in products/practices/policies in rural areas, capacity building and community empowerment, and affordable energy. There is a growing body of evidence on the instrumental role that entrepreneurs and small businesses play in driving local and national economies. The structure of rural economies is essentially composed of small enterprises, which are responsible for most of the job growth and the innovation. Rural development is a key element of strategies to reduce poverty and create income and employment opportunities (UNIDO, 2003). It is important to unleash and harness the creativity of grassroots entrepreneurs but they are posed with many challenges, the biggest being these grassroots inventions don't scale up. To overcome these challenges and promote rural entrepreneurship, support roles are required; this is also where the importance and role of institutions and their planned arrangements (for example, partnerships) are much debated in both domestic and international forums. This research investigates the current institutional arrangements that support solar entrepreneurship which creates solar energy based income-generating micro enterprises in rural India. In addition to that, it explores the wider implications on rural development that these entrepreneurships have while using these solar RETs. Institutions and individuals promoting rural development see entrepreneurship as a strategic development intervention that could accelerate the rural development process (Ezeibe, 2013). India, being the only country with a national ministry dedicated to RE initiatives (the MNRE, Government of India) and also ranking third on the renewable energy country attractiveness index (E&Y, 2013; 2016) makes an interesting country choice for investigation. The thesis applies a qualitative research method with an exploratory design to understand the interaction process between institutions and how different institutions support rural development to generate an in-depth analysis of existing institutions using a conceptual framework.
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Kaya, Firat Ayse. "Early growth technology analysis : case studies in solar energy and geothermal energy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62107.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
Public and private organizations try to forecast the future of technological developments and allocate funds accordingly. Based on our interviews with experts from MIT's Entrepreneurship Center, Sloan School of Management, and IBM, and review of literature, we found out that this important fund allocation process is dominated by reliance on expert opinions, which has important drawbacks alongside its advantages. In this Thesis, we introduce a data-driven approach, called early growth technology analysis, to technology forecasting that utilizes diverse information sources to analyze the evolution of promising new technologies. Our approach is based on bibliometric analysis, consisting of three key steps: extraction of related keywords from online publication databases, determining the occurrence frequencies of these keywords, and identifying those exhibiting rapid growth. Our proposal goes beyond the theoretical level, and is embodied in software that collects the required inputs from the user through a visual interface, extracts data from web sites on the fly, performs an analysis on the collected data, and displays the results. Compared to earlier software within our group, the new interface offers a much improved user experience in performing the analysis. Although these methods are applicable to any domain of study, this Thesis presents results from case studies on the fields of solar and geothermal energy. We identified emerging technologies in these specific fields to test the viability of our results. We believe that data-driven approaches, such as the one proposed in this Thesis, will increasingly be used by policy makers to complement, verify, and validate expert opinions in mapping practical goals into basic/applied research areas and coming up with technology investment decisions.
by Ayse Kaya Firat.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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McGill, Kristin Li. "Potential Solar Consumers' Understanding of Energy Policy Development in Hawai‘i." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7489.

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Hawai‘i has implemented renewable energy goals that assume continued investments by solar consumers who seem unaware of their role in the policy's success. Without the renewable resource generation that will come from these investments, the state will be unable to achieve its energy mandate. Using Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition framework and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior as the foundation, the purpose of this study was to better understand the perspectives of potential solar consumers on the Island of O‘ahu regarding the state's renewable portfolio standards, their level of knowledge regarding consumer impact on this policy, and their perceptions of the roles of the public utilities commission and electric utility company in the implementation of projects associated with achieving the state's energy goals. Data were collected through interviews with 17 participants who represented a small portion of consumers who had begun the solar program application process but had not received approval to install panels at their residences. These data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis. Key findings indicate that consumers lack sufficient education about the state's energy goals, and that their participation in the policy process is essential for the continued growth of customer-sited solar installations. Implications for positive social change stemming from this study include recommendations for policymakers and solar program developers to engage in more inclusive educational outreach with consumers regarding the state's required renewable energy goals.
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Propp, Joshua M. "Incentives for Distributed Generation in California: The Rise of Third-Party Solar Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/82.

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There are a series of state and federal incentives in California to encourage the installation of distributed generation (DG) renewable energy, largely photovoltaic (PV). This thesis explores the policies behind the incentives, namely the Federal Investment Tax Credit, California Solar Initiative, and Net Energy Metering requirements. Discussion is informed by environmental policy tools, as well as business models that have acted to increase accessibility to these investment-intensive projects. Underlying this analysis is the theme of a shifting energy paradigm, with distributed generation spreading political, economic, and electric power.
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Kok, Sarah. "Examining Solar Energy Policy in China and India. : A Comparative Study on the Potential for Energy Security and Sustainable Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259344.

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As living standards improve and population numbers increase in China and India, the demand and consumption of electricity will continue to intensify.  Although both countries maintain a strong dependence on fossil fuels to meet energy demands, a recognition of the importance of a low carbon transition is apparent from the governments of both countries.  China and India have both made commitments to abate global climate change, reduce poverty rates and enhance efforts to reduce fossil fuel dependence.  Solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in the last twenty years due to technological advances, priced reductions and governmental support policies. Yet in China and India policy development has been very erratic.  This paper takes a case study approach to examine solar energy policies, particularly solar energy auctions, in China and India.  Thus, this thesis aims to examine solar energy policy in China and India, and compare the potential of each country for energy security and sustainable development under the IRENA framework to Evaluate Renewable Energy Policy.  The performance of solar energy policy in China and India is assessed on criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, equity and institutional feasibility.  This study find that China has installed more cumulative solar capacity than India and that overall that solar energy policy in China is stronger than in India.  However, at an individual policy level, India’s solar energy auction policy is stronger than China’s.  Thus, the long-term sustainability of solar energy policy and deployment in both countries is a complex and multifaceted issue.  This thesis concludes that for energy security and sustainable development the continuation of policy support is necessary in both countries to ensure that solar will continue to grow in significance.
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Cruz, Daniel Tavares. "Micro e minigeração eólica e solar no Brasil: propostas para desenvolvimento do setor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-04082015-153708/.

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O setor de micro e minigeração de energia elétrica encontra-se num estágio inicial de desenvolvimento no Brasil que pode ser considerado aquém de suas potencialidades em contraste com os recursos energéticos renováveis do país, passados três anos do estabelecimento dos primeiros incentivos de órgãos públicos e privados e da promulgação de regulações específicas voltadas para o setor, indicando uma possível conjuntura atual insuficiente para um crescimento mais consistente e dinâmico. Com tal problemática em vista, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo contribuir no desenvolvimento do setor nacional de micro e minigeração eólica e solar, tecnologias com maior potencial de instalação, apresentando propostas de ações que podem solucionar questões econômicas, técnicas e regulatórias que possivelmente estão dificultando o alcance de um maior equilíbrio de interesses entre os principais agentes envolvidos nesta atividade econômica, ou seja, potenciais usuários, concessionárias de energia, fabricantes e órgãos do governo, aumentando a atratividade e dinamizando os negócios no setor, com benefícios diretamente estendidos ao desenvolvimento do país como um todo. A construção das propostas teve como base o estudo da atual conjuntura e a identificação de possíveis barreiras existentes ao desenvolvimento da micro e minigeração de energia elétrica no Brasil através de análise crítica e mensurável da atual maturidade do setor, isto é, do atual estágio de desenvolvimento e da margem de evolução possível nos aspectos mais relevantes para esta atividade, ou seja, regulações, incentivos, capacidade tecnológica e capacitação profissional. Além disso, observou-se que grande parte dos brasileiros desconhece o tema, porém, depois que cientes do assunto, o percebem como relevante e demonstram disposição significativa para adotar tais sistemas de geração renovável em suas unidades consumidoras. Por fim, avaliou-se que caso ao menos parte das ações descritas nas propostas forem efetivamente implantadas, a perspectiva é que haja uma evolução no ambiente técnico e econômico do setor no país, tornando-o favorável ao desenvolvimento da atividade de micro e minigeração de energia. Espera-se que as propostas apresentadas nesta dissertação possam ser utilizadas como base para trabalhos futuros de instituições governamentais e privadas, fabricantes, centros de pesquisas, universidades e demais interessados no assunto para serem validadas, aperfeiçoadas e detalhadas para um possível estabelecimento no país. Assim, o trabalho apresenta que se houver desenvolvimento de ambiente favorável, o Brasil desponta como país com alto potencial no mercado de micro e minigeração de energia elétrica e que há possibilidades de ações governamentais e privadas, passíveis de discussões e estudos, para fomentar este ambiente.
The micro and mini electricity power generation sector is at an early stage of development in Brazil that can be considered below of its potential in contrast to the country renewable energy resources, three years after the establishment of the first public and private incentives and the enacting of specific regulations for the sector, indicating a possible insufficient conjuncture for a more consistent and dynamic growth. Considering this problematic, the purpose of this work is to contribute to the development of national micro and minigeneration industry by wind and solar photovoltaic resources, technologies with greatest potential for being installed currently, presenting action proposals that can solve economic, technical and regulatory issues that possibly are hampering the achievement of a better interests balance between the major players involved in this economic activity, i.e., potential users, distribution companies, manufacturers and government agencies, increasing attractiveness and boosting business in this sector, with benefits directly extended to the environment and to the development of the country as a whole. The construction of the proposals was based on the study of the current situation and identifying possible existing barriers to Brazil micro and minigeneration development through a critical and measurable analysis of the current sector maturity, in other words, the current stage of development and the margin of possible evolution on the most relevant aspects of this activity, i.e., regulations, incentives, technological capacity and workers professional training. Furthermore, it was observed that most Brazilians are not familiarized with this subject, but after aware, they perceive it as relevant and demonstrate significant willingness to adopt such renewable generation systems in their consumer units. Finally, it was evaluated that if at least some of the actions described in the proposals are effectively implemented, the perspective is for a technical and economic environment progress, making it favorable for a micro and minigeneration energy activity development. It is expected that the proposals presented in this thesis can be used as a basis for future works of government and private institutions, manufacturers, research centers, universities and others interested in the subject to validate, improve and detail them for a possible establishment in the country. As a result, the thesis presents that if a favorable environment is developed, Brazil can stand out as a country with high potential in the micro and minigeneration electricity market and that there are possibilities of government and private actions, likely to discussions and studies, to foster this environment.
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Michaud, Gilbert L. "Net Energy Metering and Community Shared Solar Deployment in the U.S.: Policy Perspectives, Barriers, and Opportunities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4627.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has become a topic of intense policy debate at the state level in the United States (U.S.). Solar supporters have pointed to the economic development, environmental, and public health benefits this technology can provide. However, electric utilities and other interests have fought to scale back or cut favorable state PV policies as grid-connected solar PV installations have increased, due to decreased profits, grid complications, and customer fairness, among other reasons. This research first uses a hierarchical regression analysis with cross-sectional data from the years 2012–2013 to examine the suite of state-level policies used to encourage state non-utility PV installations. Comparing the impact of various policy approaches to other factors such as electricity costs, electricity market deregulation, per capita income, and the availability of solar energy resources, this research finds net energy metering to be the most important policy driver of non-utility PV installed capacity. Given this finding, the research shifts its focus to community net energy metering or shared solar, which is an innovative policy approach that allows multiple consumers to share the costs and benefits of ownership in an off-site solar PV facility, opening market access to a wide variety of individuals. Using the punctuated equilibrium framework and semi-structured telephone interviews with policy experts across the U.S. from the solar industry, environmental groups, government, and electric utilities, this research discovers that electric utility lobbying and an overall lack of attention have hindered community solar enabling legislation. However, opportunities exist for future development via increased participation, collaboration, and key events that may alter the policy equilibrium. Finally, this method is utilized in Virginia to more narrowly study why the state has dismissed community solar legislation multiple times. Such an approach is useful in understanding how other historically laggard states may adopt community net energy metering or shared solar legislation in the future.
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Wade, India H. "Sunny Side Up: Developing Community Solar Policy in the State of California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/643.

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Over the past ten years, the State of California has realized environmental, economic, and social benefits through the increased deployment of solar photovoltaic technologies. However, utility-scale and residential-scale solar projects also pose a variety of problems, which have created barriers to their broader adoption. Community solar projects offer a model for solar development that can reduce the problems associated with utility-scale and residential-scale projects, while simultaneously preserving the benefits of each. This thesis examines the problems associated with current solar projects and proposes policy to support the community solar project model in California.
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Sittig, Julia Brooke. "Solar Energy on Arizona Public Lands: Environmental Impacts and Stakeholder Perspectives." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338759.

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With America’s recent needs for creating jobs, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and becoming "energy independent" from foreign nations, the large-scale deployment of solar energy projects has been proclaimed a solution for rapidly generating "clean" energy. Federal agencies have been mandated by law to expedite the siting of utility-scale solar energy projects (USSEPs) on public lands. In particular, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has focused on USSEP development by creating a national solar energy program as well as state-specific programs for encouraging USSEP development, and has thus far approved two USSEPs in Arizona. Although operational USSEPs do not emit greenhouse gases, they are not completely benign to the environment. USSEPs incur negative impacts on soils, vegetation, air quality, and other natural and cultural resources. Because USSEPs have the potential to mitigate climate change, yet incur other negative environmental impacts, the reaction of citizen stakeholders such as environmental advocates to public lands USSEP development has been mixed. Environmental advocate groups have both encouraged BLM to build USSEPs, and filed lawsuits discouraging project development. In light of the ability of environmental advocates to influence USSEP development, this study explored the complex opinions of members of environmental organizations, conservation groups, watershed initiatives, and solar industry professionals regarding USSEP development on Arizona public lands. Through a review of relevant literature, a content analysis of BLM environmental review documents, and the distribution and statistical analysis of an opinion survey, the study provides insight into the implications of the current BLM Arizona siting process and specific, up-to-date stakeholder perspectives. The results indicate that while BLM Arizona siting policies do attempt to address environmental concerns, significant concerns about the current USSEP siting process remain, and that environmental advocates' support for public lands USSEPs is lower than their support for renewable energy development in general. Stakeholders reported having low levels of three items: knowledge of current solar technologies, understanding of the current federal USSEP siting process, and confidence that the government will appropriately site solar energy projects. Addressing those items may alleviate tensions between stakeholders and public lands decision-makers, resulting in faster and more environmentally responsible USSEP siting.
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Books on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Agency, International Energy, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, eds. Solar energy perspectives. Paris: OECD/IEA, 2011.

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Jenny, Heeter, Kreycik Claire, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Solar renewable energy certificate (SREC) markets. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S.Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2011.

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Anderson, Dennis. The case for solar energy investments. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1995.

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Veld, R. J. in 't. and Raad voor Ruimtelijk, Milieu- en Natuuronderzoek (Netherlands), eds. Zonneklaar: Een beslismodel voor afwegingen rond het stimuleren van zonnestroom in Nederland. Utrecht: LEMMA, 2005.

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Energistyrelsen, Denmark. Solar energy: Plan of action, 1998-2000. [Denmark]: Solar Energy Committee, 1998.

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Development, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy Research and. Conservation and solar energy research and development: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on the current status of solar energy research and development in the federal government, Atlanta, GA, July 13, 1987. Washington, [D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Bank, Asian Development. Handbook for rooftop solar development in Asia. Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2014.

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Frondel, Manuel. Germany's solar cell promotion: Dark clouds on the horizon. Essen: RWI, 2008.

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Sinsŏngjang Tongnyŏk Sanŏp Chŏngbo Kisul Yŏn'guhoe. Kungnaeoe t'aeyanggwang sanŏp hyŏnhwang mit haeoe chinch'ul saŏp chŏllyak. Sŏul-si: Sanŏp Kyŏngje Risŏch'i, 2013.

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Kopetz, Heinrich. Nachhaltigkeit als Wirtschaftsprinzip: Zukunftsweisende Strategien für Energiewirtschaft, Landwirtschaft und Klimapolitik in Europa--ausgehend von der Sonne als Energiequelle. Wien: Österreichischer Agrarverlag, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, Yugo Inagaki, and Lilu Vandercamme. "Solar Module Price Determinants." In The Handbook of Energy Policy, 1–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9680-0_25-1.

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Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, Yugo Inagaki, and Lilu Vandercamme. "Solar Module Price Determinants." In The Handbook of Energy Policy, 535–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6778-8_25.

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Alrashoud, Khalid, and Ryoichi Nakayama. "Diffusion Policy Assessment of Solar Energy." In Technologies and Eco-innovation towards Sustainability II, 201–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1196-3_17.

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Chandran, VGR, Angathevar Baskaran, and Sonia Kumari Selvarajan. "Building the Solar Energy Market in Malaysia." In Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy, 336–51. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003353904-20.

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Wimmer, Nancy. "100% Electrification but What Comes Next for Bangladesh? Lessons from Insiders." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 53–66. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_3.

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AbstractIn 2002 when over 70% of the country’s rural population had for generations never known electric light, the most dynamic off-grid electrification program in the world was launched. Its purpose: to provide rural households with Solar Home Systems. Within a decade, Bangladesh was on its way to becoming the world’s fastest growing off-grid solar market. This market did not emerge by chance. Here new ideas were at work with both the leadership and the resources to put them into practice: the World Bank as investor; IDCOL, Bangladesh’s financial intermediary, as project manager; and rural entrepreneurs as solar service providers. Yet, there is a further remarkable achievement in the Bangladesh energy market. Over 90% of the people in Bangladesh now have access to the electric grid. What role will solar technology play in future? Will the solar market move away from Solar Home Systems towards grid-connected distributed renewable energy systems? What is next for Bangladesh? These are the topics we want to explore in this chapter. This chapter reports hands-on experience from the insiders of the program, and relates their lessons from the past to perspectives for the future.
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Rieth, Ralph A., Brackston Hinchey, and Edward J. Ryan. "Marketing Strategies of Solar Energy Firms: Some Policy Implications." In Proceedings of the 1983 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 621. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16937-8_184.

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Haelg, Leonore, Tobias S. Schmidt, and Sebastian Sewerin. "The Design of the Swiss Feed-In Tariff." In Swiss Energy Governance, 93–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_5.

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AbstractIn light of climate change mitigation and the transformation of the energy sector, many jurisdictions have adopted deployment policies for renewable energy (RE) technologies. Several RE deployment policy instruments have diffused from frontrunner countries to other jurisdictions. Switzerland implemented its first comprehensive RE support policy with the adoption of a cost-covering and technology-specific feed-in tariff in 2009, following Germany’s example. Yet, policy designs look very different in the two countries and, importantly, also result in different policy outcomes. In this chapter, we examine the reasons for these policy design differences. We unpack the design of the Swiss feed-in tariff and analyze which of the policy’s elements were directly adopted from Germany and which were accommodated to the Swiss context and why. In particular, we compare the specific instrument designs for two renewable power generation technologies, solar photovoltaics (PV) and biomass, and study the role of technology-related actors in shaping these policy designs. We draw from the policy diffusion and policy transfer literatures and offer important extensions to the literature by showing that, instead of entire policies, it is possible that only certain design elements of a policy diffuse from one jurisdiction to another. Additionally, we find that the composition of the existing technology-related actor bases in the donor and recipient countries is important in determining whether the accommodation of the design elements to the domestic context occurs.
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Mazzà, Guglielmo, Marco Pasini, Silvia Ricci, Matthew Matimbwi, and Giampietro Pizzo. "Establishing Local Power Markets and Enabling Financial Access to Solar Photovoltaic Technologies: Experiences in Rural Tanzania." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 263–80. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_11.

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AbstractEnergy inclusion is a major concern in Tanzania, where rural areas are widely lacking access to both power networks and off-grid systems. Different barriers are slowing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7: universal electrification in the country raises concerns in delays and equity. Financial exclusion adds to the complexity of adopting appropriate technological solutions, particularly for rural communities. Solar photovoltaic solutions represent an opportunity to increase energy access and enable growth. The introduction of new technological products requires to establish local power markets, including demand, financial resources and providers, supply mechanisms and after-sale services. The financing of renewable energy solutions for rural households partially relies on microfinance institutions and community financial groups. Technology suppliers are also providing financial services to expand access to solar and photovoltaic products, applying models mostly enabled by mobile payment systems. The paper assesses the effects of an initiative implemented in Malinyi and Kilombero districts to support the establishment of local solar power markets. The involvement of Village Community Banks to engage communities and develop sustainable financial schemes is evaluated, together with the complexity of combining awareness raising on technological solutions and financial education. Results of the implementation are presented and discussed evaluating the different ingredients of the established markets.
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Rodrigues, Neshwin, Raghav Pachouri, Shubham Thakare, G. Renjith, and Thomas Spencer. "Integrating Wind and Solar in the Indian Power System." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 139–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_7.

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AbstractIndia’s coal contribution to the total electricity generation mix stood at 73% in 2018. To meet India’s NDC ambitions, the federal government announced determined targets to integrate 450 GW Renewable Energy in the grid by 2030. This paper explores the pathways to integrate high RE generation by 2030 with effective balancing of supply and demand and associated challenges of flexibility requirements. A Unit commitment and economic dispatch model, which simulates the power system operation was used. The overall share of variable renewables reaches 26% and 32% in the Baseline Capacity Scenario (BCS) and High Renewable Energy Scenario (HRES) respectively. Improved ramp rates and a minimum thermal loading limit induce flexibility in the thermal fleet. In the HRES, more than 16 GW of coal plants are required for two-shift operations in April and more than 50% of days see an aggregate all-India ramp from the coal fleet in excess of 500 MW per minute. Battery Storage provides daily balancing while reducing VRE curtailment to less than 0.2% in the HRES. Nationally Coordinated dispatch shows increased power transfer from high VRE regions to export power during high VRE generation periods. It is thus found that high RE penetration is possible by 2030 at no extra system costs.
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Setyawati, Dinita. "Analysis of Perceptions Towards the Rooftop Photovoltaic Solar System Policy." In State-of-the-Art Indonesia Energy Transition, 47–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2683-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Botpaev, Ruslan, Christian Budig, Janybek Orozaliev, Klaus Vajen, Ruslan Akparaliev, Azamat Omorov, and Alaibek Obozov. "Renewable Energy in Kyrgyzstan: State, Policy and Educational System." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.12.01.

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Fayaz, H., N. A. Rahim, R. Saidur, K. H. Solangi, H. Niaz, and M. S. Hossain. "Solar energy policy: Malaysia vs developed countries." In 2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cet.2011.6041512.

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Tsivor, Kenneth. "Renewable Energy (Green ICT) for Moblie Communications: Policy Issues for Africa." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.14.16.

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Henze, Gregor P., and Robert H. Dodier. "Adaptive Optimal Control of a Grid-Independent Photovoltaic System." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1045.

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This paper investigates adaptive optimal control of a grid-independent photovoltaic system consisting of a collector, storage, and a load. The algorithm is based on Q-Learning, a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm, which optimizes control performance through exploration. Q-Learning is used in a simulation study to find a policy which performs better than a conventional control strategy with respect to a cost function which places more weight on meeting a critical base load than on those non-critical loads exceeding the base load.
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Arifin, Zainal, Agus Setiawan, Nugroho Adi Triyono, and Eko Supriyono. "Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia." In 2021 International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-pep53949.2021.9600937.

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Simsek, Yeliz, and Rodrigo Escobar. "Energy Demand Analysis and Policy Instruments Assessment for Mining Industry in Chile." In ISES Solar World Congress 2019/IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2019.19.12.

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Yoon, JongHo, Euy-Joon Lee, and Moncef Krarti. "Optimization of Korean Crop Storage Insulation Systems." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-103.

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Abstract With the increasing concerns with the quality and the safety of foods, several standards and guidelines have been developed to improve the design, construction, and operation of storage warehouses. Several cool storage buildings have been constructed in Korea during the last decade. However, there are no specific standards or guidelines for energy use reduction in refrigerated structures. The main objective of this study to determine the impact of various insulation systems on the total cooling load of the cool storage structures with particular consideration given to the product thermal mass effect to find optimal insulation thickness for each envelope component for various climatic locations in Korea. An energy analysis model was developed using the DOE-2.1E program and over 3500 energy simulations were performed. To determine the optimal configuration for die storage building insulation system, life-cycle cost analysis was conducted. The selection of optimal insulation configuration for each climatic location is based on various criteria including those of crop storage owners and of national energy conservation policy. The results presented in this paper provide easy-to-use design guidelines to select optimal insulation thickness for crop storage facility in Korea.
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Fagbenle, R. ‘Layi, M. T. Oladiran, and T. I. Oyedemi. "The Potential Generating Capacity of PV-Clad Residential and Commercial Buildings in Nigeria." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44232.

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Nigeria’s grid electricity supply of 5.881 GW installed capacity in the period 1994–1997 has experienced a sharp decline over the past five years to about 3 GW by 2002, even as electricity demand has grown due to population pressures, industrialization, and urban migration. Indeed the present situation is a near total collapse of the state power utility services, as total prolonged blackouts have been commonplace throughout the country in the past couple of years, and the situation may grow much worse unless significant shift in energy policy and investment takes place urgently. Diversification of energy sources to reduce the overt increasing dependence on fossil fuel generation and a shift towards renewable energy generation, particularly solar photovoltaic electricity, is a highly desirable policy shift. Among the gains would be reduced carbon emission into the environment and reduced transmission and distribution losses due to the possibility of decentralized generation and localized use of solar photovoltaic electricity. This paper examines the use of decentralized and gridconnected solar PV in building cladding as a pragmatic solution to the current power problems of Nigeria. The results of an ongoing investigation of the potential generating capacity of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV cladding on residential and commercial buildings in Nigeria. An economic analysis of the proposed system is also considered as well as suggestions on financing. The cost of electricity from the proposed solar PV-clad buildings, calculated using an assumed 8% discount rate and a 25-year life expectancy was found to be significantly higher, in the double digits, than the present national tariff. Thus, novel financing schemes required are examined in the paper.
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Sasmito, Hendy Ginanjar, and Park Soo-jin. "Evaluating Indonesia's Solar Policy Implementation Using System Dynamics Approach." In 2023 International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-pep60152.2023.10351177.

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An, Sang Min, Joo Han Kim, and Myung Kyu Park. "A Study on New and Renewable Energy Policy Changes and Market Analysis in Korea." In ISES Solar World Congress 2019/IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2019.31.01.

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Reports on the topic "Solar Energy Policy"

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Vega Araújo, José, and Miquel Muñoz Cabré. Solar and wind power in Colombia: 2022 policy overview. Stockholm Environment Institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.015.

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This brief provides a snapshot of the renewables landscape for wind and solar in Colombia as of 2022. The authors discuss current legislation and financing intended to help move the country closer to its potential for renewable energy sources, as well as regulation regarding societal and environmental impacts. They also provide an overview of institutions and civil society stakeholders active in renewables.
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Brunner, Christoph. Solar Energy Industrial Water Wastewater Management. IEA SHC Task 62, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task62-2023-0001.

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This position paper provides an overview of the solar energy market for industrial water and wastewater management, outlining its importance, potential, and development of this new application area. It addresses issues for policy and decision makers and influencers and presents high-level information as a basis for the uptake and further development of these applications. It concludes by highlighting existing challenges and the actions needed to best exploit environmentally friendly technologies for water management and recovery of valuable substances.
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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Frangton Chiyemura, and Jing Gu. Enhancing China–Africa Cooperation in the Renewable Energy Sector. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.028.

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Access to affordable and sustainable electricity is of fundamental importance to development in much of Africa. But, while access to electricity is improving, contributions from non-hydropower renewable energy sources remain small. At the same time, China – the powerhouse of solar energy technologies – has made limited contribution to harnessing Africa’s renewable energy. Combining insights from recent webinars and research, this Policy Briefing discusses how China–Africa cooperation on renewable energy could lead to improvements in access to and supply of affordable and sustainable energy in Africa. Recommendations for African and Chinese policymakers and businesses include the adoption of transparent, competitive, and locally inclusive energy procurement and use mechanisms.
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Tipton, Emma, and Keith Seitter. Actionable Scientific Assessments for the Energy Sector. American Meteorological Society, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/energy-sector-assessment-2022.

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There is an innate and critical relationship between energy and weather, water, and climate. As the deployment of renewable energy, particularly wind and solar energy, increases, so too does dependence on weather and weather variability. Understanding, accounting for, and communicating weather and climate variables is therefore critical for the planning and optimization of the energy system. This puts increasing pressure on the scientific community, and particularly those working on the weather and climate aspects of renewables, to provide the right information to meet the key decision-making needs of the energy sector. This study is the second of two pilot projects on the provision of actionable information for decision-making through the tailored and targeted assessment of weather and climate science. This study confirmed that excellent progress is being made on a variety of fronts associated with renewable energy, which is critically important as we move to increase use of renewables. A consistent theme in the discussions under this study, however, is the need to bring together many disparate types of data, modeling, and analyses toward convergent tools that adequately address the complex interconnectedness of a national power system built on renewable sources. In many ways, the most significant finding of this study is the need for major convergence research efforts to build the necessary historical reanalysis datasets, integrated weather-energy forecast models, and policy and regulatory frameworks that can leverage current disciplinary research efforts.
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Fabra, Natalia, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Aitor Lacuesta, and Roberto Ramos. Do Renewables Create Local Jobs? Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29475.

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We investigate whether investments in renewable energy – solar and wind plants – create jobs in the municipality where they are located. Using 13 years of monthly data, we exploit the variation in the timing and size of investment projects across more than 3,200 municipalities in Spain, a country with substantial investments in this area. We use a new estimator for staggered differences-in-differences analysis that extends the local projections approach with clean controls (Dube et al., 2022). We find strong heterogeneity in the magnitude and pattern of the impacts of solar and wind investments. On average, solar investments increase employment by local firms, but the effects on the unemployment of local residents are weak. The effects of wind investments on local employment and unemployment are mostly non-significant. These findings have important implications for public policy.
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Mulligan, Cian. Employment Potential of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: A Value Chain Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp15.

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Localization and local content mandates are an increasing presence in the global investment landscape, and the development of local content policy in Saudi Arabia will be an important factor in the lasting legacy of Vision 2030. While virtually all industries are targeted by local content mandates in Saudi Arabia, a sector tipped for strict targets and maximum local value added is renewable energy production. This is no surprise, as the abundant natural resources of sun and wind make the Kingdom well placed to be globally competitive in the sector, and as the industry is still in its infancy, an opportunity exists to localize from the ground up. This paper looks at the employment possibilities across the value chain of solar PV and onshore wind and, applying the unique characteristics of the Saudi labor force, investigates where localization mandates should target in order to optimize the benefits to the Saudi economy.
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Xylia, Maria, Faisal Bin Ashraf, Peter Rudberg, Karina Barquet, and Guoyi Han. Keeping the flow: hydropower, river ecosystems and governance in northern Sweden. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2024sei2024.014.

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The focus of this report is hydropower generated in the Norrbotten region of Sweden, in the larger context of the Nordic and EU regions. Recognizing hydropower’s changing role in meeting growing energy demand is crucial. Hydropower provides energy security and grid stability for Sweden, which has long relied on the low-carbon energy source for much of its electricity. Industrial expansion, particularly in northern Sweden, is expected to drive a substantial increase in energy demand, leading to more demand for hydropower. At the same time, more renewable energy will be added to the Swedish electricity grid and beyond, and hydropower will play a key role in stabilizing the grid to make space for wind and solar power. With this increase will come more impact on river ecosystems, particularly through hydropeaking, i.e. where hydropower operation is optimized creating frequent and large changes of river flow, which is of significant concern for environmental impacts. Balancing hydropower production with the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem health is essential and part of the policy priorities of the EU and Sweden. To ensure the long-term success of the hydropower industry, efforts need to be emphasized to improve efficiency, promote biodiversity and incorporate community perspectives. Additionally, strategies for adapting to a changing energy landscape, such as accommodating fluctuating renewable energy sources, are vital.
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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Tadesse Kuma Worako, Lucy H. Baker, and Samson Hadush. Renewable Energy Procurement in Ethiopia: Overcoming Obstacles in Procurement from Independent Power Producers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.064.

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Developing countries are increasingly using auctions for the procurement of utility-scale renewable electricity, due to the potential for attracting private investment. However, auction design and implementation can face serious obstacles due to complex context-specific factors. In 2017, Ethiopia launched its Public–Private Partnership (PPP) policy and procurement framework to promote infrastructure development, including electricity generation. Since 2018, it has organised renewable energy auctions to procure new capacity from independent power producers (IPPs). However, the new framework faces numerous challenges. Using a literature review and primary data from more than 70 interviews and from stakeholder consultations, this study explores the political economy challenges and opportunities facing IPP project preparation, decision-making, coordination and implementation, and risks to investors. To date, Ethiopia has held two rounds of tenders to procure 1,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from eight projects; the first tender for two solar photovoltaic (PV) projects led to the signing of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and was hailed as one of the cheapest tariff rates in sub-Saharan Africa, at US$2.526 cents/kilowatt hour (kWh) over 25 years. However, none of the projects have yet become operational. This study also finds fault lines impeding the implementation of IPP projects, including the risk of foreign currency availability and convertibility of Ethiopian birr to expatriate profits. It proposes measures to overcome these obstacles and mitigate risks, to put Ethiopia on course to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Developing a Feasible Business Model for Expanding the EV Market to Lower Income Californians. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2026.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a valuable tool in addressing the climate and energy challenges placed on our transportation systems. However, while national and international market shares of EVs have been rising with exponential rates, access to EVs of low-income populations has been significantly slower. This research developed a business model for expanding the EV market to low-income Californians. The team developed the model from qualitative data from various stakeholders, including Electric and Solar Companies, Professional and Community-Based Organizations, State Agencies, research institutions, and more, which enabled insights regarding various barriers that hinder the adoption of EVs. The team also used a state-wide survey to understand the barriers from the point of view of lower income Californians. The business model created from this data can be used by state administrators, policy makers, and social emprises to mitigate the barriers faced by low-income Californians within the EV market.
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