Journal articles: 'Solar energy Solar energy in agriculture'

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Stanhill, G. "Solar energy in agriculture." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 38, no. 4 (March 1992): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90158-8.

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Day, W. "Book review: Solar Energy in Agriculture." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 2 (June 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100215.

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Parker, B. F., and B. L. Bledsoe. "Solar Energy in Agriculture, Vol. 4." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930030.

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Boopathi, P. "The Application of Solar Energy in Agricultural Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19019.

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Harinarayana, T., and K. Sri Venkata Vasavi. "Solar Energy Generation Using Agriculture Cultivated Lands." Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 05, no. 02 (2014): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2014.52004.

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Silalahi, David Firnando, Andrew Blakers, Matthew Stocks, Bin Lu, Cheng Cheng, and Liam Hayes. "Indonesia’s Vast Solar Energy Potential." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175424.

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In this paper, we conclude that Indonesia has vast potential for generating and balancing solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to meet future energy needs at a competitive cost. We systematically analyse renewable energy potential in Indonesia. Solar PV is identified to be an energy source whose technical, environmental and economic potential far exceeds Indonesia’s present and future energy requirements and is far larger than all other renewable energy resources combined. We estimate that electricity consumption in Indonesia could reach 9000 terawatt-hours per year by 2050, which is 30 times larger than at present. Indonesia has abundant space to deploy enough solar to meet this requirement, including on rooftops, inland reservoirs, mining wasteland, and in combination with agriculture. Importantly, Indonesia has a vast maritime area that almost never experiences strong winds or large waves that could host floating solar capable of generating >200,000 terawatt-hours per year. Indonesia also has far more off-river pumped hydro energy storage potential than required for balancing solar generation.

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Abu-Nowar, Lana Mousa. "Economic and Financial Assessment of Solar-Powered Irrigation." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p185.

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This paper aimed at assessing the economic and financial viability of solar-powered irrigation of tomato crop in Jordan Valley. Data were collected from 16 tomato farms that use solar-powered irrigation system. Another 16 farms with diesel-powered irrigation system was investigated for comparative reasons. Descriptive statistics, Cost Function Analysis (CFA), Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), Water Productivity (WP) and the financial indicators of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP) and Benefit to Cost Ratio (B/C) were the main economic and financial analytical tools used in this study. The results of the study revealed that costs of inputs, labor costs and equipment and maintenance costs have had a lower adverse impact on the total revenues level when using solar-powered irrigation system. The results also indicated the preference of the investigated financial indicators (NPV, IRR, PP and B/C ratio) when solar-powered irrigation is used compared to diesel-powered irrigation. The results also revealed a lower cost of life of the farm under the use of solar-powered irrigation. The governmental policies and programs should be directed toward the concepts of renewable energy in general and solar energy uses in agriculture in particular. Special agricultural extension plans in training and capacity building of farmers and extension workers on the use of solar energy in irrigation of agricultural crops should be developed. Cooperation in the fields of solar energy between the Ministry of Agriculture and related parties such as the Royal Scientific Society and the Ministry of Energy should be initiated to conduct specialized researches in the fields of solar energy use in agriculture.

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Kynta, Adiel R. "SOLAR ENERGY FOR ATMANIRBHARTA IN INDIA'S AGRICULTURE SECTOR." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 5, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2020.v05i10.010.

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Kata, Ryszard, Kazimierz Cyran, Sławomir Dybka, Małgorzata Lechwar, and Rafał Pitera. "Economic and Social Aspects of Using Energy from PV and Solar Installations in Farmers’ Households in the Podkarpackie Region." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113158.

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The growing energy needs of agriculture, the need to reduce the burning of fossil fuels, and, on the other hand, the increasing technical efficiency are contributing to the wider use of solar energy technology in agriculture. The aim of the article is to identify factors determining farmers’ investments in solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installations for electricity and heat production, to establish the proportion between the consumption of such energy for the needs of the farmer’s family and for the needs of the farm, and to identify the drivers of solar energy use in agricultural production. Empirical materials were collected through surveys of farmers conducted at the end of 2020 in south-eastern Poland, in the Podkarpackie region. It is a region characterized by significant land fragmentation. Producing energy from renewable sources can be an opportunity for farmers not only to reduce household expenses, but also to increase agricultural income. As a result, it can be a driver of sustainable agricultural development in the region. The article presents the most important economic and social determinants that stimulate the adoption of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies by farmers for the needs of their households as well as for agricultural production.

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Sharma, Avinash, Sheelawati Monlai, Chowlani Manpoong, Monoj Sutradhar, and Nirupa Kumari. "Renewable energy generating employment specially in Indian agriculture." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1940.

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The present review explains that renewable energy generates opportunity in field of agriculture. The renewable energy is solar energy, wind energy, water energy and biogas energy. This energy generates employment of manufacturing, design, construction, installation, operation, maintainance, supply chain, multitasking, research, development and administration. The solar industry employs 21,000 people in 2016-17 and 25,000 people in 2017-18. The solar manufacturing industries and solar products will produce various opportunities by 2022 in India. The wind energy provides 4,40,000 employments into onshore and offshore grid system in 2008. The wind mill industry will create 74,000 employments by 2020 in India. The water energy provides employment into hydro electric power station, manufacturing industry and others area. Biogas energy utilizes into motor vehicle as fuel. It saves petrol worth about 0.66 million per annum and also generate employment for 12 persons. The Biogas industry will set up 19 districts of the Maharashtra state to employment generation by 2020. Renewable energy protects the earth planet. It provides employment to rural as well as urban areas. It will improve standard of living and per capita income of people. It will introduce employment to poor and literate persons. It would advocate gender uniformity and doubling of farmer income. It will improve and strengthens Gross Domestic Product and Agriculture shares in India. This energy would encourage huge transition into future era in India.

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Kussul, Ernst, Tetyana Baydyk, Alberto Escalante Estrada, Maria Teresa Rodríguez González, and Donald Wunsch II. "Solar concentrators manufacture and automation." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0011.

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Abstract Solar energy is one of the most promising types of renewable energy. Flat facet solar concentrators were proposed to decrease the cost of materials needed for production. They used small flat mirrors for approximation of parabolic dish surface. The first prototype of flat facet solar concentrators was made in Australia in 1982. Later various prototypes of flat facet solar concentrators were proposed. It was shown that the cost of materials for these prototypes is much lower than the material cost of conventional parabolic dish solar concentrators. To obtain the overall low cost of flat facet concentrators it is necessary to develop fully automated technology of manufacturing and assembling processes. Unfortunately, the design of known flat facet concentrators is too complex for automation process. At present we develop the automatic manufacturing and assembling system for flat facet solar concentrators. For this purpose, we propose the design of flat facet solar concentrator that is convenient for automatization. We describe this design in the paper. At present, almost all solar-energy plants in the world occupy specific areas that are not used for agricultural production. This leads to a competition between the solar-energy plants and agriculture production systems. To avoid this competition, it is possible to co-locate solar-energy devices in agricultural fields. The energy obtained via such co-location can be used for agricultural needs (e.g., water extraction for irrigation) and other purposes (e.g., sent to an electrical grid). In this study, we also describe the results of an investigation on co-location methods for the minimal loss of agricultural harvest too.

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Panchenko, Vladimir, Andrey Izmailov, Valeriy Kharchenko, and Yakov Lobachevskiy. "Photovoltaic Solar Modules of Different Types and Designs for Energy Supply." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 9, no. 2 (April 2020): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2020040106.

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The article presents photovoltaic solar modules that have a different design and purpose. The principles of photoconversion in solar cells, materials used in their manufacture and basic characteristics of solar cells are described. Solar cells of amorphous silicon and two-sided solar cells are considered. Photovoltaic planar and matrix solar modules with extended lifetime are presented. Solar tiles and compact folding photovoltaic solar modules, as well as paraboloid concentrator of solar radiation for solar cogeneration plants are presented. Also considered cascade solar cells and solar modules with the decomposition of the light. The considered photovoltaic solar modules are investigated and manufactured in the All-Russian Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia.

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Acosta-Silva, Yuliana de Jesus, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, Yasuhiro Matsumoto, Manuel Toledano-Ayala, Genaro Martín Soto-Zarazúa, Orlando Zelaya-Ángel, and Arturo Méndez-López. "Applications of solar and wind renewable energy in agriculture: A review." Science Progress 102, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419832696.

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The growing demand for food and the unstable price of fossil fuels has led to the search for environmentally friendly sources of energy. Energy is one of the largest overhead costs in the production of greenhouse crops for favorable climate control. The use of wind–solar renewable energy system for the control of greenhouse environments reduces fuel consumption and so enhances the sustainability of greenhouse production. This review describes the impact of solar–wind renewable energy systems in agricultural greenhouses.

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Desa, Wan Nurlaila Yusra Mat, Ahmad Fudholi, and Zahira Yaakob. "Energy-economic-environmental analysis of solar drying system: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1011-1018.

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Solar drying is an emerging technology to preserve wide range of products from agriculture to animal-based products. The application of solar dryers, however must be evaluated to determine its benefit and effectiveness. In the evaluation of solar dryer performance, three criteria which are most important to look at are thermal performance, economic cost and environmental implications. Therefore, this paper attempts to review the thermoeconomic analysis and environmental evaluation on various solar drying system. Performance equations in energy–economic–environment analyses for solar drying syistems evaluation are presented. The CO2 emission, carbon mitigation, and earned carbon credit of various solar drying syistem are also presented.

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Dekhtiar, O. O. "ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg201902-182.

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Actuality of the problem. The article discusses the current level of use of alternative sources of electrical power in the world. The main areas of the global power development were determined, the statistical data of leading energy companies, analytical international organizations and financial institutions were analysed. For today, all civilized countries successfully switch to alternative energy sources: wind, solar energy, biofuels, etc. In addition, the use of solar energy is one of the most promising inexhaustible, renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources replaces the traditional one, based on extractive technologies polluting the atmosphere with harmful emissions, and enhances the greenhouse effect, reduces the burden on the resource base and energy systems of countries and improves the environment. Sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine and, in particular, irrigated agriculture requires a reduction in energy dependence. In the structure of the cost of irrigation water, a significant share accounts for electrical power. That is why to increase the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, to ensure high and sustainable yields in the context of climate change, it is extremely important to reduce the cost of power consumption. The need to use alternative energy sources in the drainage complex of Ukraine as part of the implementation of the energy strategy of Ukraine, aimed at the transition to fficient use and consumption of energy resources is highlighted. The Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation deals with the investigations of measures and technologies to improve power efficiency to reduce the specific energy consumption for pumping water by pumping stations and to reduce the rate of power losses for water intake and water transportation by water supply paths. One of the effective measures to reduce power cost is the use of alternative energy sources, in particular solar energy. The economic potential of the measures for improving energy efficiency in irrigation systems wass estimated. Conclusions. The estimation showed that the use of modules of solar power plants installed above the surface of open irrigation canals will lead to lower energy costs in the face of a constant increase in tariffs, that is, it will help to increase the economic efficiency of irrigation, reduce the share of water resources in national energy consumption and have a positive environmental effect. The sale of surplus power to the energy system at “green” tariffs can significantly reduce the payback period for the modernization of the engineering infrastructure of irrigation systems.

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Raza, Arsalan, Yong Qiang Zhu, Zaigham Nasir Khan, Muhammad Ali, Danish Khan, and Abdul Hameed. "Solar Powered Water Pump Lifting Agriculture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.193.

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Because of the energy crisis in Pakistan farmers are getting serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such increasing diesel costs. There is a need to facilitate the farmers in alternative ways of powering their water pumps. There are lots of alternative ways, powering water pump, but most economical way is the solar pumping which can bring great outcomes in Farmers of Pakistan whom are facing serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such severe energy crisis and ever increasing diesel costs. According to one estimate, In Pakistan more than 1Million pumps are in use, out of which 750,000 are diesel driven pumps. If we replace 25% diesel pumps by solar pumps, we can save about 3570 MW of electricity. In this paper 220 W motor is used to operate two days without sunshine or power from the PV panels, 40Wh was required daily as back up, supply a minimum of 880 Wh. Since this is a 12 V system, 880Wh/12V = 73.3 Ah was employed A battery bank should be at least 73.3 Ah, here, since the controller selected had a deep discharge protection at less than 30% of battery capacity, a bank of at least 105 Ah was required. For this project a 105 Ah battery was used as backup and all the simulation is done in the matlab.

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Bojnec, Š., and D. Papler. "Efficient energy use and renewable sources of energy in Slovenia: a survey of public perception." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 10 (October 17, 2011): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/83/2010-agricecon.

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  This paper presents unique survey results with opinions on the competitive supply and efficient energy use, sources of energy and renewable sources of energy. The multivariate factor analysis with three common factors confirms the significance of the price competitive supply of energy, energy costs for the economy, and the sustainable energy supply development and ecological perception in the energy use. Among renewable sources of energy, significance is given to the solar, hydro, biogas, and biomass energy, where the energy use and the renewable energy production in agriculture can play a greater role. Education and promotion activities are expressed as important for strengthening the knowledge, awareness, and social responsibility of the sustainable energy development and the use of renewable sources of energy.  

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Srinivas, Anna, V. Radhika, P. Sammaiah, Jay Prakash Srivastava, P. Venkata Ramana Rao, and Sangaraboina Shailaja. "Agriculture Pump based on Smart Energy Harvesting on Solar System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (December 5, 2020): 042033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/981/4/042033.

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Pingping, Li, Hu Yongguang, and Liu Jizhan. "Solar energy utilisation efficiency in environment-controlled agriculture in China." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 21, no. 1/2 (2004): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2004.004705.

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Mohammadi, Mohsen, and Gholamreza Yavari. "Factors Affecting The Use and Development of Solar Energy in Iran's Agricultural Sector." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.45-53.

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The paper seeks to identify factors led some farmers to use renewable energy in their poultry farms. The research was a practical study in terms of goal and a descriptive-correlation study in terms of methodology. The population of the study was composed of Semnan Province poultry farmers that used any type of renewable energy in their farms. Based on the farmer's viewpoints, the most important factors made farmers use renewable energy in their poultries were poultry farm revenue, bank loans with low interest rate, and technology and equipment availability. Also, according to stepwise regression, 78.4% of the variance of the dependent variable was accounted for by the variables of economic, technical, subsidies reform, and policies factors. Therefore, financial incentives such as bank loans with low interest, distribution of technical equipment requirements and supportive legislation can be effective on the development of renewable energy use among other farmers.Article History: Received Nov 16th 2016; Received in revised form January 12nd 2017; Accepted 3rd February 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Mohammadi, M and Yavari, G. (2017) Factors affecting the use and development of solar energy in Iran's agricultural sector. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1),45-53.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.45-53

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Patay, I., and M. Montvajszki. "Solar PV for Water Pumping and Irrigation." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 2015): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.11.2015.2.

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Water pumping for irrigation has a relatively high energy demand, depending on the applied irrigation method. At the same time, there is a considerable energy from the sun during the irrigation period. The solar PV (photovoltaic) technology may be suitable to ensure electric energy for pumping in many cases in agriculture, where the electric network is not available or reduction of the energy costs is wanted. There are some pilot plants for water pumping on the base of solar energy in the world and the spreading of these solar technologies is predictable. The solar energy based pumping process can be approached both in theoretical and experimental ways. In this paper, both the theoretical questions of the solar based pumping process and the experimental results of a model testing pump station powered by PV panels are shown.

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Suherman, Suherman, Hasri Widuri, Shelyn Patricia, Evan Eduard Susanto, and Raafi Jaya Sutrisna. "Energy Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Drying Coffee Beans." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.1.131-139.

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In this study, hybrid solar drying of coffee beans was performed, and energy analysis was carried out, to assess the system’s performance, in terms of energy efficiency, compared to solar drying and the open sun drying method. The dryer has three compartments: solar collector for collecting solar radiation, drying chamber, and a Liquid Petroleum Gas burner, which acted as an auxiliary heater to assist the thermal energy. The drying chamber has four trays for placing the dried product. The initial moisture content of coffee beans was 54.23% w.b and was reduced to the final moisture content between 11-12% w.b. The coffee beans dried faster when subjected to the solar hybrid drying method, compared to other methods, with the dryer temperature of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Results indicated that the coffee beans’ drying times varied from 10 to 14 hours. However, at temperature 50°C and 60°C for the 1st tray, the water content was reduced more rapidly compared to the other tray. From the results of this study, we can see the different efficiency of solar collector that shows of 54.15% at variable temperature 60°C for drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m for hybrid solar drying and for the solar drying process is 50.07% at the range of drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. Mathematical modelling shows that Page model is the most suitable for describing the coffee beans’ drying behaviour using a hybrid solar dryer. The effective diffusivity values found in this experiment are all in the acceptable range for most agricultural products. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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Mehrad, Ahmad Tamim. "Assessment of solar energy potential and development in Afghanistan." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900012.

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Energy generation in Afghanistan is limited and heavily dependent on fossil fuels and imported electricity. Due to rapid population growth and progress in the industry, services, and agriculture sectors, the existing energy sources are not fulfilling the current energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, there is a big gap between power supply and demand, which led to an energy shortage in Afghanistan. Consequently, there is a need to develop power generation and assure energy sustainability by concentrating on renewable energy sources. This paper aims to analyze the theoretical, practical, and economic potential of solar energy in Afghanistan with the main focus on PV power technology. Power generation from solar sources is theoretically, practically, and economically suitable for Afghanistan and can be a perfect solution for the energy shortage in the country. The Afghan government should consider developing solar energy as a priority for energy security, socio-economic development, and improving the quality of life in Afghanistan.

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Dolezal, Adam G., Jacob Torres, and Matthew E. O’Neal. "Can Solar Energy Fuel Pollinator Conservation?" Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab041.

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Abstract As the expansion of solar power spreads through much of the United States, members of the solar industry are working to change how solar energy facilities are designed and presented to the public. This includes the addition of habitat to conserve pollinators. We highlight and discuss ongoing efforts to couple solar energy production with pollinator conservation, noting recent legal definitions of these practices. We summarize key studies from the field of ecology, bee conservation, and our experience working with members of the solar industry (e.g., contribution to legislation defining solar pollinator habitat). Several recently published studies that employed similar practices to those proposed for solar developments reveal features that should be replicated and encouraged by the industry. These results suggest the addition of native, perennial flowering vegetation will promote wild bee conservation and more sustainable honey beekeeping. Going forward, there is a need for oversight and future research to avoid the misapplication of this promising but as of yet untested practice of coupling solar energy production with pollinator-friendly habitat. We conclude with best practices for the implementation of these additions to realize conservation and agricultural benefits.

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Kumar, Vikas, and Bikramjit Singh Hundal. "Evaluating the service quality of solar product companies using SERVQUAL model." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 670–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2017-0007.

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Purpose This study aims to consider a five-factor model to evaluate the service quality of solar product companies in the context of rural Punjab (India) and validate the proposed model. In addition, the study considered the factors which affect the service quality of solar product companies. Design/methodology/approach A five-factor model of service quality has been tested for reliability and validity by confirmatory factor analysis. For determining satisfaction of the solar product users, SERVQUAL model/gap analysis has been applied. Five dimensions, namely tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy have been considered to assess the overall satisfaction level. A modified scale of Parasuraman incorporated in 1985 has been used as a survey instrument for research. A sample size of 345 solar submersible pump users was selected. Findings The study concluded that dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy have lesser gap. The major gap has been found in the tangibility dimension which includes variables like modern design of solar energy products, facilities and attractiveness, variety of solar products and performance of solar products, etc. Research limitations/implications As primary data are concerned, the biasness of the respondents may affect the results of the study. The survey has been conducted in the Punjab region, and a sample size is 345 only which may not reflect the broader picture. Practical implications Solar energy has huge benefits in the Indian agriculture sector. The erratic state of power supply in India casts important costs on agriculture productivity. One such segment concerns systems, an important input for agriculture production. The study has implications for solar energy product manufacturers, as it makes them aware about customer perception toward services of solar product companies. Social implications To decrease pollution and to save the environment, solar energy technologies have a good potential energy source and to meet the global energy demand, as it is the most promising and reliable energy source. Originality/value The existing studies in the context of service quality of solar product companies in Punjab have been majorly confined to proposing key drivers toward adoption of renewable energy sources. By providing an insight into the satisfaction level of farmers for solar submersible pumps, the proposed study attempts to fill the gap. As the study relates to solar product users in rural Punjab, the findings will be of additional value to solar product companies which are manufacturing solar products. Therefore, it is expected that this research will fill the gap in literature by studying empirically the service quality of solar product companies.

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Farja, Yanay, and Mariusz Maciejczak. "Economic Implications of Agricultural Land Conversion to Solar Power Production." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196063.

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Meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets will require a significant increase in electricity production from sustainable and renewable sources such as solar energy. Farmers have recognized this need as a chance to increase the profitability of their farms by allocating farmland to solar power production. However, the shift from agriculture to power production has many tradeoffs, arising primarily from alternative land uses and other means of production. This paper models the farmers’ decision as a constrained profit maximization problem, subject to the amount of land owned by the farmers, who have to allocate it between agriculture and solar power fields, while considering factors affecting production costs. The farmers’ problem is nested in the social welfare maximization problem, which includes additional factors such as ecological and aesthetical values of the competing land uses. Empirical analysis using data from a solar field operating in Israel shows that landowners will choose to have solar power production on their land unless agricultural production generates an unusually high net income. Adding the values of non-market services provided by agricultural land does not change this result. The consideration of the reduction in GHG emissions further increases the social welfare from solar fields.

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Iyaz, Mr Mohammed. "Farmer Friendly Solar based Virtual Fencing for Rural Agriculture with Battery Reverse Charge Protection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36127.

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Solar-based virtual fences use the principle of converting solar energy into electrical energy and giving electric shock while touching the fences. Electronic fence systems are used at many places such as forest areas, farms, etc. To protect those places against animals and thefts solar energy is converted to electrical energy to provide the necessary voltage for electrical fences As the Unregulated DC voltage from the solar energy is converted to regulated DC voltage and further converted to AC voltage using an inverter. And this electrical energy is used to give short but sharp shocks to the animals or anyone who touches the fence, But there is life threat through electrical shocks, as even though it is a short time shock it will be dangerous to life as it electrical energy and there will be chances of death, So we proposed a model of VIRTUAL FENCING technique which protects the farmland by scaring away the animals which tries to enter the fence protected land and at the same time it alerts the owner about the intrusion and lets the owner choose the type of defense to use remotely which is made possible in our model through a GSM module.

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Quaglia, Giuseppe, Carmen Visconte, Leonardo Sabatino Scimmi, Matteo Melchiorre, Paride Cavallone, and Stefano Pastorelli. "Design of a UGV Powered by Solar Energy for Precision Agriculture." Robotics 9, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9010013.

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In this paper, a novel UGV (unmanned ground vehicle) for precision agriculture, named “Agri.q,” is presented. The Agri.q has a multiple degrees of freedom positioning mechanism and it is equipped with a robotic arm and vision sensors, which allow to challenge irregular terrains and to perform precision field operations with perception. In particular, the integration of a 7 DOFs (degrees of freedom) manipulator and a mobile frame results in a reconfigurable workspace, which opens to samples collection and inspection in non-structured environments. Moreover, Agri.q mounts an orientable landing platform for drones which is made of solar panels, enabling multi-robot strategies and solar power storage, with a view to sustainable energy. In fact, the device will assume a central role in a more complex automated system for agriculture, that includes the use of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and UGV for coordinated field monitoring and servicing. The electronics of the device is also discussed, since Agri.q should be ready to send-receive data to move autonomously or to be remotely controlled by means of dedicated processing units and transmitter-receiver modules. This paper collects all these elements and shows the advances of the previous works, describing the design process of the mechatronic system and showing the realization phase, whose outcome is the physical prototype.

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Kudryashev, G. S., I. V. Dykus, and S. V. Batishchev. "Solar energy storage by grain crops." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-59-63.

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Irkutsk region is rich in land that is suitable for agricultural activities. The total sown area of agricultural crops in the Irkutsk region is 759 thousand hectares (2019). The main place is occupied by grain and leguminous crops, the total area of which is 540 thousand hectares (71.1%). In their structure, the first place belongs to spring wheat, the second place is taken by spring barley, the third-by oats. Due to the need to strengthen the feed base, forage crops play an increasing role. Yield depends on many factors, primarily weather conditions. For photosynthesis, plant crops need sunlight. By the number of Sunny days, the Irkutsk region is not inferior to the Crimea. There are 221 Sunny days per year. If weather conditions are correctly predicted, a high yield can be achieved. To assess the absorption of solar energy by grain crops, the radiation balance was considered in this article. Photosynthetic plant pigments absorb light and convert it from solar energy to chemical energy, which results in active plant growth. To forecast the future harvest, it is necessary to calculate the intensity and duration of solar radiation, which is the most important condition for further production of agricultural products. A study was conducted on the effectiveness of using insolation in the Irkutsk region for sowing wheat. The radiation balance was compiled, which allowed us to identify the maximum solar radiation favorable for wheat growth. To determine the amount of effective radiation, measurements were made of soil temperature, air humidity, and meteorological conditions in the Irkutsk region.

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Saffaripour, M. H., M. A. Mehrabian, and H. Bazargan. "Predicting solar radiation fluxes for solar energy system applications." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (March 16, 2013): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0179-2.

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DIOP, Lamine. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMPING SYSTEM: A REVIEW." Knowledge-Based Engineering and Sciences 1, no. 01 (December 31, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51526/kbes.2020.1.01.1-22.

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Climate change has become a major constraint to the development of rain-fed agriculture due to the decline of rainfall. Therefore, irrigated agriculture is an alternative allowing farmers to have more access to water in order to meet crop water requirements. However, irrigated agriculture faces a major constraint related to the accessibility of energy sources used in pumping water. In general, the most common energy sources used in pumping water for irrigation are fuel and electricity. Nevertheless, they are very expensive, are not always accessible particularly in rural areas in Africa and have a negative impact on the environment; hence the need to find alternatives to solve this problem. This review focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps and the impact of their use on the environment. Several aspects related to solar pumping have been discussed, namely the components of the solar pumping system, the energy source used, the principle of operation of the system, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility. Reviews show that the use of solar irrigation pumps is a technically and economically feasible alternative in several areas with less environmental impact.

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Fudholi, Ahmad, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review on Solar Collector for Agricultural Produce." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp414-419.

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<span>Among the most important components of solar energy systems, solar collectors are devices that receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy, as most essential components of solar dryer. This review presents description and previous work performed on performances of solar air collector for agricultural produce. In addition, various solar collectors are classified and described. Solar air collectors for drying application of agricultural produce are presented and summarize. The energy and exergy efficiency of the solar air collector ranges from 28% to 62% and from 30% to 57%, respectively. </span>

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Chemkhi, Saber, Fethi Zagrouba, and Ahmed Bellagi. "Drying of agricultural crops by solar energy." Desalination 168 (August 2004): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.174.

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Abdullah, Yusra M., and Ghader Salim Aziz. "The Distribution of Solar Radiation and Solar Energy Intensity, and Top Locations for Constructing Solar Energy Stations in Iraq." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.12769.

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Korkmaz, Meral, and Yusuf Doğan. "APPLICATION AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURAL PLANTS: USING PVSYST SOFTWARE." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 16, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2021.16.2.1a0472.

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Raheman, Abdul, M. Kameswara Rao, B. Vamsi Reddy, and T. Ravi Kumar. "IOT based self-tracking solar powered smart irrigation system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10749.

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This Article is based on the Agriculture where it is the backbone of our country. This paper mainly deals with monitoring the conditions like soil, water in Agriculture. There are several factors that effects the Agriculture that may be a lack of water facility, and utilization of proper pesticides in proper time, and sometimes due to the low soil moisture content available in the soil. In this paper it discusses the soil and water conditions and how can we supply the proper water with respected to time as well as without the human intervention. For this we need some hardware’s and software’s integrated together for a final output. When going to do this project we need a lot of technologies that must be integrated together such as sensor networks, Cloud computing, big data, and finally some Interfaces to control the things. Here the farmer can supply the water in time to time so it needs a power supply to run the motor for that it is better to take a solar energy because it is a Renewable energy and could supply the energy throughout the day time. And there are some few existing problems that can be analysed. Finally this paper forecasts the monitoring of soil, water conditions in the Agriculture.

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Parakhnich, Aleksandr S., and Leonid Yu Yuferev. "Preliminary Calculation of the Solar Water-Lifting Installation." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-132-137.

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Agriculture is one of the most important elements of the economic complex of the Republic of Crimea, which is confirmed by the high development of territories, about 70 percent of the area. To eliminate the acute shortage of water, the article proposes an autonomous system powered by solar energy. This will make it possible to provide water for irrigation on agricultural land. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for and justifying optimal technical solutions for eliminating the problem of water supply to agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Crimea. (Materials and methods) Authors have analyzed the agro-climatic features of the Crimean Peninsula. The article presents the data on the depth of the aquifer on the territory of Crimea, the annual energy potential of solar and wind energy. The article proposes a variant of water supply using artesian water extraction systems powered by solar energy. Authors have calculated the parameters of the solar water supply system. The article presents a diagram of its work. (Results and discussion) The main advantage of a solar installation for water extraction is the ability to use it autonomously in remote areas, without resorting to the construction of expensive engineering structures, which allows us to solve the problem of water supply locally. To ensure the irrigation rate of the apple tree on the territory of one hectare with sufficient solar insolation, a water-based photovoltaic installation is a suitable technical solution. The article presents the total capacity and area of the photovoltaic plant. (Conclusions) The area of the photovoltaic station does not exceed one percent of the total area of the irrigated field. This installation will make it possible to solve the problem of water supply in the region, increase productivity and the overall standard of living of the population. The installation occupies a small area and has a high performance.

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Prieto, Raidel Báez, and Francisco Henrique de Oliveira. "Study of solar radiation in the equinoxes and solstices in the City of Havana, Cuba." Ciência e Natura 40 (May 11, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x30674.

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Solar radiation is of utmost importance for life on earth and for carrying out different human and natural activities, such as the studies carried out for agriculture. The objective of this work is to calculate, from formulations, the incidence of solar radiation. Solar energy will be calculated in Havana City, Cuba, during the equinoxes and solstices, as well as the variation that exists during the different seasons of the year. A study was carried out every 3 hours: 6am, 9am, 12m, 3pm and 6pm, (average solar time) creating a table with real values of this energy, obtaining maps of light and shadow planes.

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Kulcsár, B. "Combined energy production in the North Great Plain Region." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.2.2011.1.10.

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Abstract As a part of a broad-scale study, this paper examines the current use and utilization potentials of renewable energies in the North Great Plain Region. Due to its structural properties, geographical situation, climate and morphology, the Region sees a most favourable situation in the field of geothermal energy, biomass and solar energy. The analyses having been performed so far support the assumption that agricultural combined energy production has significant potentials in rural development. With the combined exploitation of the renewable energy potential, agriculture in the North Great Plain Region may provide fir the energy demands of its own activities and the local surroundings. Agriculture as the local energy provider may create a new source of incomes in the sector seeing a shortage of financial resources, as well as an opportunity of breakthrough for rural communities.

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Parkhomets, Mykola, and Vasyl Hradovyi. "FEATURES AND INDICATORS OF FORMATION OF ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.13.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is in-depth study of questions related to the features, methodological approaches and indicators of economic analysis and evaluation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The study used general and special methods, including abstract and logical (to outline the main factors, influencing the characteristics of energy saving in agricultural enterprises, for the author’s interpretation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises), deductive (to analyse the dynamics and areas of economic efficiency level increase of energy saving system); generalization (in the study of the possibility of implementing the latest technologies aimed to improve the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises). Findings. It is established that agricultural industries have a number of features, in particular: use energy for production, generate it. This feature is based on the fact that in the production process there are three fundamentally different types of energy: anthropotechnogenic (fossil); solar and soil energy. It was found that the process of energy conservation in agriculture should be formed by reducing fossil energy sources and by making fuller use of renewable solar energy and soil energy potential. An important feature of agriculture has been identified, which lies in its significant level of spatial dispersion, which causes significant costs for transport services of production processes and logistics. There is a significant difference in the principles of energy consumption, fossil energy is the main in industry and in agriculture - it plays a supporting role. There, natural energy forms the biological mass (harvest, live mass of animals). The author’s interpretation of the concept “energy saving of agricultural enterprises” is offered, which includes a system of measures (organizational, economic, technical and technological, ecological, legal and operational), coordinated action of which should be aimed at the rational use of energy in the process of agricultural production. The indicators of the group of economic analysis of energy saving in agriculture are determined: total energy capacity; energy armament; energy supply; electrical equipment of labour, etc. The key stages of energy saving research and tasks in agricultural enterprises are clarified. Grouping of methods of research of energy saving is offered. Originality. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “energy saving of agricultural enterprises”, definition of key stages of energy saving research and systematization of appropriate methods were further developed. Practical value. The introduction of research results into production will help increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production. Key words: energy saving, energy efficiency, energy resources, renewable energy sources, rational use of energy resources.

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Ge, Zhiwu, Tiantian He, Xiao Yanyang, Jianbiao Dai, and Xuefei Jiang. "Study on High energy efficiency photovoltaic facility agricultural system in tropical area of China." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815308003.

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The photovoltaic facility agriculture is developing rapidly in recent years, but there are many problems brought out, even in some important demonstration projects, due to the lack of standards. In order to solve some of these problems, we set up a photovoltaic facilities agricultural system in Guilinyang University City, Haikou, China and make an in-depth study on the photovoltaic facility agricultural system and its related problems. In this paper we disclose some of the experimental results. We plant corianders under two kinds of solar cell panels and general double glass assembly already sold on the market. Experiments showed that the square format cell panels are much better than row type, and the next one is general double glass assembly sold on the market, the last is the case without any shelter. 30 days after planting, the height of coriander plants are 50mm, 30mm, 23mm and 20mm correspondingly. The two typical solar cell panels have gaps between cells, and can save much more energy and improve power generation efficiency, we arrange the panels at optimum tilted angle, and design the system as open structure to save more energy. The photovoltaic facilities agricultural system we set up in Guilinyang University City can achieve much high solar energy efficiency than others and has broad application prospects.

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Musyafiq, Afrizal Abdi, Hilman Zarory, and Wahyu Edifikar. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE SOLAR HOME SYSTEM FOR INDEPENDENCE OF VILLAGE ENERGY." Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri 1, no. 1 (August 9, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/jbm.v1i1.256.

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Indonesia is one country with a large population, and most live in rural areas. The lives of people in rural areas mostly work as farmers and ranchers. The economy of rural communities still relies on agricultural crops and livestock that are sold on the market. Economic problems of rural communities arise when something interferes with crops from agriculture and livestock. The purpose of this activity is as a form of community service in the field of applying solar home system technology (SHS) to help solve the problems of the village community and create villages that are energy-based in livestock and agriculture. This community service activity was carried out at RT.05 / 12 Batangsari Hamlet, Pasarbatang Sub-District, Brebes Regency. The steps of this activity are preceded by a field assessment; focus group disscussion; and installation of SHS implementation. The result of this activity is that there are drill wells with a depth of more than 100 m and for lifting water with the help of energy-sourced water pumps from the Solar Power Plant.

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Silva Oliveira, Vinícius, Marcelo Miranda Camboim, Cleonilson Protasio de Souza, Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes de Lima, Orlando Baiocchi, and Hee-Seok Kim. "A Thermoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Microstructured Quasicrystalline Solar Absorber." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040393.

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As solar radiation is the most plentiful energy source on earth, thermoelectric energy harvesting emerges as an interesting solution for the Internet of Things (IoTs) in outdoor applications, particularly using semiconductor thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to power IoT devices. However, when a TEG is under solar radiation, the temperature gradient through TEG is minor, meaning that the TEG is useless. A method to keep a significant temperature gradient on a TEG is by using a solar absorber on one side for heating and a heat sink on the other side. In this paper, a compact TEG-based energy harvester that features a solar absorber based on a new class of solid matter, the so-called quasicrystal (QC), is presented. In addition, a water-cooled heat sink to improve the temperature gradient on the TEG is also proposed. The harvester is connected to a power management circuit that can provide an output voltage of 3 V and store up to 1.38 J in a supercapacitor per day. An experimental evaluation was carried out to compare the performance of the proposed QC-based harvester with another similar harvester but with a solar absorber based on conventional black paint. As a result, the QC-based harvester achieved 28.6% more efficient energy generation and achieved full charge of a supercapacitor around two hours earlier. At last, a study on how much the harvested energy can supply power to a sensor node for Smart agriculture during a day while considering a trade-off between the maximum number of measurements and the maximum number of transmission per day is presented.

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Abdelkader, Hadidi, and Yaichi Mohammed. "Solar system design for water pumping." E3S Web of Conferences 37 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183706001.

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In our days, it seems to us that nobody can suspect it on the importance of water and energy for the human needs. With technological advances, the energy need does not cease increasing. This problem of energy is even more sensitive in the isolated sites where the use of the traditional resources proves often very expensive. Indeed, several constraints, like the transport of fuel and the routine maintenances of the diesel engines, return the search for an essential alternative energy source for this type of sites. It summer necessary to seek other resources of energy of replacement. Renewable energies, like photovoltaic energy, wind or hydraulic, represent a replacement solution par excellence and they are used more and more in our days more especially as the national territory has one of the solar layers highest with the world. The duration of insolation can reach the 3900 hours/year on the Sahara. The energy acquired daily on a horizontal surface of 1m2 is about 5kWh, that is to say meadows of 2263kWh/m2/year in the south of the country. The photovoltaic energy utilization for pumping of water is well adapted for more the share of the arid and semi-arid areas because of the existence in these areas of an underground hydraulic potential not very major. Another very important coincidence supports the use of this type of energy for the water pumping is that the demand for water, especially in agriculture, reached its maximum in hot weather and dryness where it is precisely the moment when one has access to the maximum of solar energy. The goal to see an outline on the general composition of a photovoltaic system of pumping, as well as the theoretical elements making it possible to dimension the current pumping stations.

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Shouman, Enas R., Hesham Ezz, and Emad S. Bakhoum. "Economic Analysis of the Using of Traditional Fuel and Solar Energy to Power Irrigation Pumps in Egypt." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 38 (September 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.38.87.

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Water requirements in Egypt are growing due to population rise, improving living standard, and agriculture expansion. Nowadays, the agricultural sector represents the largest amount of the total water consumption in Egypt. In addition, the Egyptian government goal is to reclaim - as much - land in the desert to meet the food needs. In Egypt, most of electric energy depends on diesel powered generators; furthermore, desert areas are far away from the electric grids. These are the current considerable problems to reclaim desert in Egypt. On the other hand, delivering and using diesel is facing different economic and environmental risks due to its raising price as well as air pollution and global warming. Sustainable development is a challenge of Egyptian government; therefore, using solar energy applications can serve the unique needs of Egyptians who inhabit in desert area. One of these applications is the “off-grid solar water pumps” that discharge underground water from deep wells for agricultural uses. In this paper an economic study is presented to compare between using pumping system powered by traditional fossil fuel and another system powered by solar energy generated from PV panels to operate a farm in the desert fringes. The water pumping system is designed to irrigate a farm of 10 feddans. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to use solar energy in desert reclamation due to its long run efficiency, environment conservation, and lower total life cycle cost.

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Spirin, Anatoly, Iryna Gunko, Igor Tverdokhlib, and Valeriya Vovk. "GRANITE HEAT ACCUMULATORS FOR AIR HEATERS." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(97) (August 27, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-2-8.

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The article deals with one of the ways to improve the energy situation in agriculture of Ukraine, namely to increase the energy efficiency of solar air heaters through the use of granite heat accumulators. In the world, in recent years, the share of energy produced by non-traditional sources has been steadily increasing. Unfortunately, in Ukraine this proportion is much smaller than in the first world countries. This problem is especially relevant for agriculture. The main renewable energy sources for Ukraine's agricultural sector are biofuels (solid, liquid, gaseous), wind and solar. The latter is the most attractive for widespread use in agriculture. After all, for the production of biofuels requires at least land, mechanization and chemistry, etc., for the production of wind energy requires appropriate weather conditions that are not available in most regions of the country. And only solar energy is everywhere and almost always. The difficulty of using solar energy at night is one of the main constraints on the widespread use of solar installations. The use of heat accumulators (in devices that accumulate heat during the day and give it away at night for production purposes) for solar heaters greatly enhances their technological capabilities. Battery material is a variety of materials - from soil to plastic water bottles. This article discusses the theoretical justification (confirmed by experimental studies) of the choice of rational size and shape of granite heat accumulator elements. To simplify the task, it was assumed that the battery element has a spherical shape and its thermophysical characteristics remain constant throughout the process of heating and cooling. As a result of the solution of the differential equation of thermal conductivity for these conditions, the dependence of the liquid temperature distribution depending on the radius and time of heating was obtained. The battery element is fully charged when the liquid temperature in the center and on the surface is equal. The temperature distribution in the middle of the liquid was also determined when cooled. Theoretical calculations were confirmed by experimental studies. To determine the rational parameters of the battery cells, a criterion was proposed, the value of which depends on the ratio of heating and cooling time, heating and cooling temperatures, the location of thermocouples. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it is established that the rational size of the granite element of the heat accumulator is an equivalent diameter of 0.3 m. The use of a heat accumulator of this type allows to evaporate more than 300 kg of moisture, which allows to reduce the hay ventilation period, to reduce nutrient losses.

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Ibrik, Imad. "Micro-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Development and Sustainable Agriculture in Palestine." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101474.

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The objective of this paper is to study the impact of using micro-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in rural areas in the West Bank, Palestine. These systems may have the potential to provide rural electrification and encourage rural development, as PV panels are now becoming more financially attractive due to their falling costs. The implementation of solar PV systems in such areas improves social and communal services, water supply and agriculture, as well as other productive activities. It may also convert these communities into more environmentally sustainable ones. The present paper details two case studies from Palestine and shows the inter-relation between energy, water and food in rural areas to demonstrate how the availability of sustainable energy can ensure water availability, improve agricultural productivity and increase food security. Further, the paper attempts to evaluate the technical and economic impacts of the application of nexus approaches to Palestine’s rural areas. The results of this study are for a real implemented project and predict the long-term success of small, sustainable energy projects in developing rural areas in Palestine.

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Singh, D. R., Pramod Kumar, Amit Kar, Girish K. Jha, and Anil Kumar. "Solar Energy Use in Agriculture for Enhancing Farmers’ Income: A Case of Solar Tubewell in North-Western Rajasthan." Agricultural Economics Research Review 30, conf (2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0279.2017.00040.4.

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Torshizi, Mohammad Vahedi, and Atefeh Hoseini Mighani. "The application of solar energy in agricultural systems." Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/resd.2017.03.2.234.

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Hassanien, Reda Hassanien Emam, Ming Li, and Wei Dong Lin. "Advanced applications of solar energy in agricultural greenhouses." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (February 2016): 989–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.095.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar energy Solar energy in agriculture'

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