Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solar energy – South Africa

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Solar energy – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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Singh, Jyotsna, and Andries Kruger. "Is the summer season losing potential for solar energy applications in South Africa?" Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 2 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a1673.

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Seasonal trends using in situ sunshine duration (SD) and satellite, incoming shortwave solar radiation (SIS) data for South Africa over a period up to six decades were investigated. Trend analysis was applied to SD data of 22 sunshine-recording stations from the South African Weather Service that cover the length and breadth of South Africa. Satellite application facility on climate monitoring provided the high-resolution derived SIS for the period 1983–2013. A number of stations show a statistically significant decreasing trend in SD in all four seasons on a seasonal scale. Declines (number of stations showing significant trend) in SD at 17(7), 8(3), 7(3) and 3(0) stations, were observed for summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively. The SIS has also shown a decreasing trend over South Africa in most of the regions during the summer season followed by autumn. The results indicated a general tendency of decrease in incoming solar radiation mostly during summer which could be of some concern for solar energy applications.
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Chang, Keh-Chin, Wei-Min Lin, Greg Ross, and Kung-Ming Chung. "Dissemination of solar water heaters in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, no. 3 (2011): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i3a3216.

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Global concern over a looming energy crisis, water scarcity and man-made climate change are driving a huge demand for clean technologies, which focus on preserving the earth’s resources. In South Africa, the economy is very energy-intensive with coal being the main national energy supply. In view of the growing depletion of fossil fuel, it is important for South Africa to adopt a more sustainable energy mix. This study examines the potential for widespread dissemination of solar water heaters (SWHs) in South Africa. Barriers and constraints to market expansion are analyzed to determine strategies for overcoming these barriers. It is found that payback period of a SWH is shorter than the life-span of the system itself, indicating that SWHs are economically viable even with low production cost of electricity and thus represent a profitable investment proposition for end users, manufacturers and distributors. However, the subsidy programs offered by the government of South Africa may not be sufficient to facilitate diffusion. This is attributed to the high initial capital cost of the system and low affordability of the majority of the South Africa population with low income. Alternative financing mechanisms are required.
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Brent, Alan, and Marthinus Pretorius. "Industrial and commercial opportunities to utilise concentrating solar thermal systems in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, no. 4 (2011): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i4a3226.

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A solar energy technology roadmap has been developed for South Africa. The roadmap lists a number of technological systems that fulfil three requirements from a South African perspective. First, they have clearly been demonstrated or commercialised. Second, a local industry could be stimulated including the potential to export, with associate socio-economic growth; and the other requirements of government can be met in terms of improving energy security and access, and addressing climate change. Third, they have a medium to high R&D intensity, in terms of available capacity and associate resources needed to support the further development of the technological systems. Concentrated Solar Thermal systems feature prominently in the list of technologies. These systems can generate electrical power, then referred to as Concentrating Solar Power systems, typically in the 1 to 100 MW range for on- and off-grid applications. They can also simply produce heat, typically in the 100 to 1000ºC range, primarily for commercial and industrial process applications. This paper discusses the international trends and drivers for these systems to generate power and heat, and then focuses on the specific potential in the South African context. A number of barriers to realizing the potential are discussed and recommendations are made accordingly to stimulate the growth of this industry sector in South Africa.
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Ciolkosz, Daniel. "SASRAD: An hourly-timestep solar radiation database for South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 20, no. 1 (2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2009/v20i1a3299.

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A methodology is presented for the correction and filling of solar radiation data at sites within South Africa, with the aim of creating a continuous, hourly-timestep dataset for multiple locations. Data from twenty sites, collected by the Agricultural Research Council, are analysed with regard to the amount of data requiring offset or multiplier adjustment, as well as the amount of bad data. A range correction algorithm is implemented based on the 90th percentile (10% exceedance) hourly irradiance, as a function of site latitude and elevation. The resulting, corrected data set is given the title: South African Solar Radiation Database (SASRAD). Comparisons are made with two other solar radiation datasets, the South African Atlas of Agrohydrology and Climatology, and a limited set of older historical data from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). Results indicate that the SASRAD dataset matches well with other datasets, with major discrepancies apparently due to problems with the other data sets, rather than the SASRAD data. The Coefficient of Multiple Determination (R2) between the Atlas and SASRAD for monthly radiation is 0.927, and the mean error between three of the SASRAD sites and the corresponding SAWS data is 1.1 MJ m-2 d-1. The fraction of data requiring correction varied from 11% to 100%, depending on the site. The range correction algorithm was successful at correcting data that had been subject to incorrect calibration, and did not remove annual trends in mean radiation levels.
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Gauché, Paul, Theodor W. Von Backström, and Alan C. Brent. "A concentrating solar power value proposition for South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, no. 1 (2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i1a3122.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers the potential for a high degree of localization and an alternative strategy to meet electricity demand for South Africa in a future of uncertain conventional resources. The integrated resource plan (IRP) makes strides to introduce renewables to the electricity generation system by 2030, but we argue that the proposed energy mix is too reliant on resources that are not only unsustainable but also at risk in the short to medium term. Coal and other conventional resources may be more limited than originally anticipated, which if true, requires action to be taken soon. CSP is currently the only sustainable and dispatchable energy technology that could domestically supply a significant portion of South Africa’s electricity needs. A balanced mix of PV, wind and CSP can provide the energy supply needed in South Africa, but steps are required soon to take advantage of the localization potential and excellent sustainable energy resources.
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Bekker, B. "Irradiation and PV array energy output, cost, and optimal positioning estimation for South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 2 (2007): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i2a3366.

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Simulation results of an irradiation and PV array performance software package (SunSim) are pre-sented. South African irradiation data availability is discussed, an irradiation data classification system proposed, and the estimation of diffuse irradiation on tilted surfaces analysed. Estimation of PV array energy output using King’s performance model is explained, and the influence of the irradiation and temperature data set measurement interval on PV energy output estimation investigated. Simulation results are presented, aimed at identifying optimal fixed PV panel tilt angles and solar-tracking config-urations for different locations in South Africa. Lastly, the cost of PV-based generation in South Africa is investigated.
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Musango, Josephine K., and Alan C. Brent. "A roadmap framework for solar aided power generation in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 4 (2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i4a2087.

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Technology roadmaps are critical for decisions pertaining to technology development. They have been utilised in the renewable energy sector to assist in filtering alternative technology options in order to support energy policy formulation, energy security and energy independence, among others. However, solar aided power generation is a recent concept and no roadmap has been developed for the technology as yet. This paper thus reviewed the literature related to roadmapping with the aim of understanding the methods and tools that have been utilised in other settings. Informed by the literature, a conceptual framework was developed, which was further utilised for the initial analysis for developing a roadmap for solar aided power generation in South Africa. Generally, it would be beneficial for South Africa to integrate solar aided power generation within its current Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) or the National Treasury Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme. However, it should be noted that this is only feasible in the short- and medium-term. In the long-term, there is a need to support stand-alone solar thermal technologies.
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Musango, Josephine K., and Alan C. Brent. "A roadmap framework for solar aided power generation in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 4 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v26i4a2116.

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Technology roadmaps are critical for decisions pertaining to technology development. They have been utilised in the renewable energy sector to assist in filtering alternative technology options in order to support energy policy formulation, energy security and energy independence, among others. However, solar aided power generation is a recent concept and no roadmap has been developed for the technology as yet. This paper thus reviewed the literature related to roadmapping with the aim of understanding the methods and tools that have been utilised in other settings. Informed by the literature, a conceptual framework was developed, which was further utilised for the initial analysis for developing a roadmap for solar aided power generation in South Africa. Generally, it would be beneficial for South Africa to integrate solar aided power generation within its current Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) or the National Treasury Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme. However, it should be noted that this is only feasible in the short- and medium-term. In the long-term, there is a need to support stand-alone solar thermal technologies.
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Mhlanga, David, and Rufaro Garidzirai. "ENERGY DEMAND AND RACE EXPLAINED IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE OF ELECTRICITY." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 3 (2020): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2020.08.03.003.

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The study investigated the influence of race in the demand for energy in South Africa using electricity as a case study. The driving force behind the study was to establish whether race still plays a role in access to energy in the country, 26 years into democracy. The study’s contribution is premised on influencing the development of policy that addresses energy inequality in South Africa and the world at large. Using the logistic regression analysis, the study found that race still plays a role in the demand for energy in South Africa. The odds of demand for electricity for the White population was 46.748 per cent higher than that of Blacks, Colored, and Indians combined. Other significant variables were gender, age of household head, net household income per month in Rand and household size. Despite constituting much of the populace in South Africa, the demand for electricity of the Black population was third compared to other races. Such findings reflect the reality that many of the Black households are suffering from energy poverty. Given these results, it is recommended that the South African government invests more in energy and alternative sources of clean energy such as solar and wind which can cater for much of the population.
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Ziuku, Sosten, and Edson L. Meyer. "Implementing building integrated photovoltaics in the housing sector in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, no. 2 (2013): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i2a3133.

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The installation of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) has been increasing rapidly throughout the world, yet little, if at all, has been reported in South Africa. The country has abundant solar energy resource estimated to be between 4.5 and 6.5 kWh/m2/day, yet solar energy contributes less than 1% to the country’s energy mix. More than 90% of the country’s primary energy comes from fossil fuels leading to an unsustainable per capita carbon footprint of about 9 tCO2e. Previous research has shown that photovoltaics can significantly augment the constrained fossil fuel generated electricity supply. This paper discusses the practical application of photovoltaics as a building element in energy efficient residential housing. The study also aims to determine the feasibility of implementing BIPV systems in the residential sector in South Africa. An energy efficient solar house was designed using simulation software and constructed. Ordinary solar panels were integrated onto the north facing roof of the house. A data acquisition system that monitors meteorological conditions and BIPV output was installed. It was observed that elevated back of module temperatures reaching up to 75°C on sunny days decreased module efficiency by up to 20% in the afternoon. The temperature profiles reveal that BIPV products can significantly influence indoor heating and cooling loads. The research seeks to raise awareness among housing stakeholders and solar industry policy makers of the feasibility of BIPV in South Africa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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Lukamba-Muhiya, Jean-Marc. "Solar water heaters in South Africa : limits and prospects." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6928.

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Bibliography: leaves 58-60.<br>The objective of this study was to investigate the use of solar water healers (SWH) in South Africa, and identify policies and measures that would promote their use. It has been found that conditions are appropriate for the development and use of SWH in South Africa. but the current market for this technology still remains small. The findings of survey data collected in Lwandle shows that the interviewees appreciate the use of SWH technology provided by the local authorities. However, they complained of problems during winter, as there was no backup system for these units. This was considered as one of the limitations of the project. A comparative analysis between solar home systems (SHS) and solar water heaters in South Africa was made. The findings showed that SHS is well disseminated compared to SWH. The electrification programs in the country accelerated the dissemination of SHS. Government and Eskom are fully committed to the project with significant investments on the electrification in the remote areas. On the other hand, SWH were not financially or subsidised by the government. International donors and NGO's are still promoting the use of this technology. These two technologies are still expensive for many people in South Africa. Furthermore, SHS were subsidised while SWH were not and this has affected the dissemination of SWH in the country. This study gives some recommendations for policies and measures for the future wider dissemination of SWH in South Africa.
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De, Meyer Oelof. "Design considerations for low pressure solar water heating in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22061.

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This thesis investigates the application of solar water heating in South Africa. The solar water heating system investigated work on the thermosiphoning effect or natural convection. An extensive literature study has been undertaken to investigate this phenomena. The three partial differential equations (governing equations) are non-dimensionalized and a similarity solution is applied to obtain two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved in MATLAB to obtain the velocity and temperature profiles. Two scenarios were considered, a vertical wall with a constant wall temperature and a vertical wall with a constant heat flux. LP SWH systems use vacuum tubes to absorb solar radiation and transfer it to the water, which is similar to the vertical wall with a constant heat flux. A simulation model has been developed for a LP SWH system which is able to simulate the system performance for a given geographical location, where the user can specify the system component attributes. Experiments on the system were conducted to validate the simulation model. The simulation model accompanies a 6-Step Design Guide developed to assist the user to design a system able to satisfy the consumer's hot water demand. The 6-Step Design Guide developed can be used in future design considerations for LP SWH systems in South Africa.
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Visser, Elke. "The impact of South Africa's largest photovoltaic solar energy facility on birds in the Northern Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20843.

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Renewable energy is a promising alternative to alleviating fossil fuel-based dependencies, but its development can require a complex set of environmental trade-offs for bird communities in the area, ranging from effective and physical habitat loss to direct collision-related mortality. The wide variation in the nature and significance of predicted impacts of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) facilities on birds, and the low levels of confidence attending these predictions, has emphasised the need for scientific research. This study assesses the risks to bird populations and guilds at one of South Africa's largest PV developments. Firstly, in order to identify functional and structural changes in bird communities in and around the development footprint, bird transect data were gathered, representing the solar development, boundary, and untransformed landscape. Secondly, to assess the risk of collision mortality with solar-related infrastructure, representative samples (core vs. edge) were surveyed for bird carcasses and other signs of collision for three months covering 20-30% of the facility at search intervals of 4, 7 and 14 days. In order to account for potential biases in carcass detection, searcher efficiency and carcass persistence trials were conducted. The distribution of birds in the landscape changed, from a shrubland to open country and grassland bird community, in response to changes in the distribution and abundance of habitat resources such as food, water and nesting sites. These changes in resource availability patterns were detrimental to some bird species and beneficial to others. Shrubland specialists, such as the black-chested prinia (Prinia flavicans) and chestnut-vented tit-babbler (Parisoma subcaeruleum), appeared to be negatively affected by the presence of the PV facility. In contrast, open country/grassland and generalist species, especially species such as the Cape sparrow (Passer melanurus) and familiar chat (Cercomela familiaris), were favoured by its development. Utility-scale PV facilities inevitably will not substitute for the natural habitats they have replaced, but might offer opportunities for climate protection that do not necessarily conflict with nature conservation. Monitoring success of avian mortality was significantly influenced by variation in detection rates by size class (60 and 95% for birds <100 g and >100 g, respectively) and the location of carcasses relative to the solar panel units (65 and 90% for birds adjacent and under the units, respectively) as well as decreasing persistence rates per search interval (57, 53, and 40% after 4, 7, and 14 days, respectively). Only injuries associated with non-fatal collision of large-bodied birds with the underside of the panels and entrapment between fencing could be concluded with reasonable certainty. An extrapolated fatality estimate of 4.53 fatalities.MW⁻¹.yr⁻¹ (95% CI 1.51-8.50), short study period, and lack of comparable results from other sources made it difficult to provide a meaningful assessment on avian mortality at PV facilities. Despite these limitations, the few bird fatalities that were recorded might suggest that there is no significant link with collision-related mortality at the study site. In order to fully understand the risk of solar energy development on birds, further collation and analysis of data from solar energy facilities across spatial and temporal scales, based on scientifically rigorous research designs, is required.
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Jordaan, G. "Renewable energy and the availability of water in a future South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/306.

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Published Article<br>The world is increasingly being misused by its inhabitants by the wasteful manner that its resources are utilized and the amount of pollution that is generated in the environment. This practice is unsustainable and it is incumbent on the present generation of decision-makers to rectify this phenomenon if our descendants are to have an opportunity to live life in the same manner as we do. Special emphasis should be placed on a reduction in the amount of air pollution that is created by electrical power generating plants, as well as the manner in which potable water is utilized and wasted. In this article the local situation with respect to the generation and use of electrical energy and water is discussed. It is encouraging to see that the National Government is taking strong steps to address these problems. Yet, it might not have the required ability to finance these efforts fully.
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Votteler, Roman Gunter. "An analysis of the solar service provider industry in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71817.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Scientists agree that the rising electricity usage of the rapidly growing human race to improve its standard of living is negatively affecting the environment. To create a sustainable environment for future generations, renewable and environmentally friendly resources have to be exchanged for the present finite resources. In South Africa, coal plants are responsible for more than 90% of the electricity production. This means that action has to be taken now to start a process of change to sustainable electricity resources. This study focused on the South African solar industry. Due to the high sun radiation levels, solar technology is one of the renewable energy sources with the greatest potential. The industry is in its infancy, characterised by accelerated growth expectancy and fuelled by factors such as government subsidies, the fluctuations of fossil fuel prices and the increasing focus on economical long-term sustainability. The expected growth necessitates a focus on the market positioning of solar service providers in the Western Cape with the aim of taking full advantage of the opportunities associated with this industry. The main objective of this study was to determine the current structure of the solar service provider value chain and subsequently areas of improvement to increase growth, stakeholder satisfaction and sustainability. A literature review was conducted to address the research objective, relevant approaches and the broader electricity industry. Porter’s Value Chain approach was used as a foundation for the adaptation to the solar service provider value chain. Porter’s Five Forces model was also used as a secondary approach, which analysed the competitive environment of the solar service provider industry in the Western Cape. The methodology entailed a qualitative research approach in the form of semi-structured interviews. All respondents were general managers or owners of a solar service provider, who were interviewed face to face. The study focused on the entire population of solar service providers in the Western Cape. Seventy-seven different service providers were targeted, of which 18 were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using content and frequency analysis. To guarantee reliability, a pilot study was conducted to ensure that the questionnaire was understood by the respondents. The validity of this study is gauged as high as the entire population was targeted and the results can be broadly generalised. The findings show that customer service is the foremost value driver for solar service providers. This entails the actual installation of the product as well as the people skills of the installation team. As most customers only have to be served once due to the long life span of the products, marketing also plays an obvious role in attracting new customers. The most important outcome of this study is the determination and a better understanding of the solar service provider value chain in South Africa. The recommendations, especially with regard to marketing and service elements, could improve the performance of solar service providers. The consequence could be an increase in stakeholder satisfaction and an enhanced usage of solar energy in South Africa. Future research should focus on customers to reveal preferences and opportunities for marketing approaches.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wetenskaplikes is dit eens dat die snelgroeiende mensdom se stygende elektrisiteitsverbruik ten einde hul lewenstandaard te verhoog, die omgewing benadeel. Om ’n volhoubare omgewing vir toekomstige geslagte te skep, sal die huidige beperkte hulpbronne met hernubare en omgewingsvriendelike hulpbronne vervang moet word. In Suid-Afrika is steenkoolaanlegte verantwoordelik vir meer as 90% van die land se elektrisiteitsproduksie. Dít beteken dat daar nóú opgetree moet word om ’n proses van oorskakeling na volhoubare elektrisiteitshulpbronne aan die gang te sit. Hierdie studie konsentreer op die Suid-Afrikaanse sonenergiebedryf. Weens die hoë sonstralingsvlakke wat die land ervaar, is sonenergietegnologie een van die hernubare energiebronne met die grootste potensiaal. Die bedryf staan nog in sy kinderskoene en word gekenmerk deur ’n verwagting van al hoe vinniger groei, wat aangedryf word deur faktore soos staatsubsidies, skommelinge in fossielbrandstofpryse en ’n toenemende klem op ekonomiese langtermynvolhoubaarheid. Die verwagte groei noodsaak ’n ondersoek na die markplasing van sonenergiediensverskaffers in die Wes-Kaap ten einde die geleenthede verbonde aan hierdie bedryf ten volle te benut. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om die huidige struktuur van die waardeketting van sonenergiediensverskaffers, en gevolglik ook moontlike verbeteringe vir groter groei, belanghebbende-tevredenheid en volhoubaarheid, te bepaal. ’n Literatuuroorsig is onderneem om die navorsingsoogmerk, tersaaklike benaderinge en die groter elektrisiteitsbedryf in konteks te beskou. Porter se waardekettingbenadering het as grondslag gedien vir aanpassing by die waardeketting van sonenergiediensverskaffers. Daarbenewens is Porter se model van vyf kragte as sekondêre benadering ingespan om die mededingende omgewing in die sonenergiediensverskaffersbedryf in die Wes-Kaap te ontleed. Die studiemetodologie het ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering in die vorm van semigestruktureerde onderhoude behels. Alle respondente is algemene bestuurders of eienaars van ’n sonenergiediensverskaffer en het aan persoonlike onderhoude deelgeneem. Die studie het op die algehele populasie van sonenergiediensverskaffers in die Wes-Kaap gekonsentreer. Die teikengroep was 77 verskillende diensverskaffers, van wie 18 aan onderhoude deelgeneem het. Die onderhoude is getranskribeer en met behulp van inhouds- en frekwensie-analise ontleed. Betroubaarheid is gewaarborg deur middel van ’n loodsstudie om te verseker dat die respondente die vraelys sou verstaan. Aangesien die hele populasie as teikengroep gedien het en die resultate dus in die breë veralgemeen kan word, word hierdie studie as uiters geldig beskou. Die bevindinge toon dat kliëntediens die grootste waarde-aandrywer vir sonenergiediensverskaffers is. Dít behels die praktiese installering van die produk sowel as die mensevaardighede van die installasiespan. Aangesien die meeste kliënte weens die lang gebruiksduur van die produkte slegs een maal bedien hoef te word, speel bemarking ook ’n voor die hand liggende rol om nuwe kliënte te lok. Die belangrikste uitkoms van hierdie studie is die bepaling en beter begrip van die waardeketting van sonenergiediensverskaffers in Suid-Afrika. Die aanbevelings, veral met betrekking tot bemarkings- en dienselemente, kan sodanige verskaffers se prestasie verbeter. Dít kan weer tot groter belanghebbende-tevredenheid sowel as meer sonenergie-aanwending in Suid-Afrika lei. Toekomstige navorsing behoort op kliënte te konsentreer om hulle voorkeure, en dus ook moontlike bemarkingsgeleenthede, te bepaal.
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Hardie, Mignon. "Developing SA's solar water heater industry : identifying key success factors for future growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8509.

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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>The government has stated its intentions to increase the usage of solar water heating (SWH) through its National Solar Water Heater Programme (NSWHP). As described in the report, increased adoption of SWH would have a number of benefits for South Africa. Firstly, replacement of electric geysers by SWHs would contribute to the meeting of energy efficiency targets through the reduction of energy consumption. Secondly, the widespread adoption of SWHs would help SA to meet its renewable energy targets. Thirdly, it would result in growth in the SWH industry, including the manufacturing, installation and related sectors, thereby contributing to an increase in 'green' jobs. It would have the socio-economic benefit of energy security for South Africans. The research report looks at the factors influencing the SWH industry's future growth from the point of view of the suppliers. It considers the interplay between consumers (market demand), government (public policy measures) and suppliers (businesses providing services related to SWH) to determine how government can support industry, how suppliers can grow their business and industry and how government and industry can work together to create the conditions for sustained market demand. As is discussed in the literature review, there are certain barriers to the adoption of SWH technology. As such, government intervention is needed to help overcome these barriers. The literature review recounts the available policy tools and considers how these have been applied in other countries to stimulate demand for SWHs and to support the local industry. The research report takes the form of a survey of SWH suppliers with the following aims: - To describe the industry in terms of its age, maturity and ability to scale up; - To determine the major barriers to the industry's growth; - To specify the appropriate public policy tools to overcome these obstacles to growth; - To establish how confident the industry is in the NSWHP and government efforts to promote the industry; - To provide a list of key success factors that are required for the industry's long-term, sustainable development. The report concludes that there are three criteria that would help the industry to become sustainable: market demand certainty, investment confidence and positive competition. Certainty of future market demand would build confidence in the industry for investors. In turn, increased investment would benefit the forces of positive competition.
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Brodrick, Joshua JL. "Site location and techno-economic analysis of utility-scale concentrating solar power plants in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10174.

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This dissertation comprises a two-part study concerned with the identification and quantification of potential Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) sites in South Africa; and the performance and cost modelling, optimisation and analysis of two CSP technologies in three locations. A further theme of the study is the consideration of the availability of water for plant cooling purposes, and hence the comparison between, and analysis of optimal CSP technologies and cooling methods for each location.
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Byamungu, Cirhuza Alain. "The formulation and validation of PV inverter efficiency under South Africa climate conditions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2823.

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Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering (Energy) in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.<br>In photovoltaic power systems, the DC/AC conversion efficiency depends on weather conditions causing PV inverters to operate under fluctuating input power from PV modules. The peak efficiency stated by the inverter manufacturers are often used by project designers to estimate how much power PV plants can produce. However, the varying nature of the DC input power to the inverters, occasioned by varying irradiation and temperature, leads to deviations of the actual efficiency from the peak efficiency. Literature surveys prove that inverter efficiencies must be evaluated against local irradiation profiles to get more precise annual energy yield estimations, since meteorological conditions and solar irradiation profiles vary from one site to another around the planet.
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Van, Wyk Gerrit. "Sonenergie as 'n plaasvervanger vir energie uit fossielbrandstof binne die landbousektor, op klein en medium skaal in die Noord-Kaap." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97369.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektrisiteit is ʼn basiese bron van energie in hedendaagse huishoudings en besighede. Die behoefte na deurlopende elektrisiteit neem toe terwyl die huidige elektrisiteitsverskaffer, ESKOM, ook nie aan die huidige vraag na elektrisiteit kan voorsien nie. Verdere beperkings is die infrastruktuur. Die infrastruktuur is nie so ontwikkel dat elektrisiteit aan 100 persent van die bevolking verskaf kan word nie. Alle plase het nie toegang tot die huidige ESKOM roosterstelsel nie of dit is onprakties om ʼn dienslyn te bou vir die gerief van elektrisiteit. Gevolglik was die meeste boerderybedrywighede in die verlede afhanklik van dieselkragopwekkers. Die gebruik van sonenergie het egter aantrekliker geword en het moontlik meer ekonomies en prakties geword en bied ook ʼn deurlopende krag opsie. Sonstralingsvlakke in Suid Afrika is die hoogste in die wêreld. Die Noord-Kaap word ingesluit in daardie areas in SA wat uiters geskik is vir PV aanlegte. In lande soos Ethiopië en die VSA is sonenergie met PV-tegnologie met groot sukses aangewend in landbouomstandighede vir die voorsiening van elektrisiteit wat ook in SA met sukses aangewend kan word met die uiters geskikte sonbestralingsvlakke. Die grootste voordeel van sonenergie is die oorvloedige beskikbaarheid van die energiebron in SA. Verder is dit volhoubaar, omgewingsvriendelik, hernubaar en heeltemal gratis. Daar is geen bewegende onderdele nie, gevolglik is daar geen geraasbesoedeling nie en is die bedryfskostes van ʼn sonenergie stelsel baie laag. Die nadeel van sonenergie is dat PV-aanlegte slegs elektrisiteit kan opwek wanneer die son skyn. Energiebergingsisteme is nodig om hierdie nadeel te oorbrug of ʼn aanvullende energiebron soos wind moet gebruik word om die tekort aan te vul. Kapitaalspandering is die grootste hindernis in die oprigting van hernubare energiestelsels aangesien dit op een stadium spandeer moet word. Sonenergie is die gewildste energiebron binne die landbousektor in die Noord-Kaap en word deur 88.57 persent van die respondente gebruik terwyl slegs 28.57 persent van die respondente dieselkragopwekkers beskikbaar het as rugsteun fasiliteit vir elektrisiteitvoorsiening. Die belangrikste redes waarom daar oorgeskakel is na sonenergie, was om deurlopende elektrisiteit te verseker en die vermindering van tradisionele energieverbruik. Die studie toon dat sonenergie, oor ʼn 15 jaar leeftyd, ʼn derde van die koste van fossielbrandstowwe kos, alhoewel daar groter aanvanklike kapitaalspandering betrokke is wat as ʼn struikelblok gesien word. Die statistiek wat in die ondersoek versamel is dui daarop dat sonenergie suksesvol aangewend word om te voorsien aan die elektrisiteitbehoeftes van die respondente binne die Noord-Kaap geografiese gebied. Daar is egter geen twyfel dat sonenergie suksesvol, effektief, doeltreffend en ekonomies aangewend kan word as ʼn plaasvervanger vir energie uit fossielbrandstof, binne die landbousektor, op klein en medium skaal in die Noord-Kaap.
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Magilindane, Funekile. "Constraints on the wide dissemination of photovoltaic solar home systems in the rural areas of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6930.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Renewable energy is becoming a key policy issue in the energy sector in most countries in the world. Considering various energy options, renewable energies are seen to be ecologically sustainable and they contribute towards conservation of fossil fuels as well as the environment. The use of renewables on a more significant scale than at present is very likely to replace a further significant proportion of fossil fuel use, thereby reducing the associated environmental impacts. The renewable energy sources of importance to South Africa are solar, wind and hydro-energy and energy derived from biomass. The focus of the paper however, is on domestic PV -based Solar Home Systems (SHSs). This is mainly because the principal technology being considered for household electrification in the remote rural areas at present in South Africa remains SHSs. Previous studies, however, indicate that for a variety of reasons, large-scale SHS implementation has been very difficult to achieve in South Africa. For a number of years, extensive efforts have been made in the research and implementation of solar energy technology, and it was widely anticipated that the actual numbers of installations would have assumed very high figures by now. But this has not been the case. The largest obstacles to the wide dissemination of SHSs have been singled out, namely: the high capital investment often required tor installation (which makes it very difficult tor the rural households to afford the systems); and the expectations for grid electricity. The paper argues that although affordability and grid expectations, no doubt, constrain the wide dissemination of SHSs. other factors play an equally important role. It is argued that a plethora of interlocked and mutually inclusive factors constrain the widespread use of SHS. These include factors such as: negative perceptions amongst potential users - arising from lack of system maintenance and consequent system failure; and socio-cultural dynamics. These had not been given much attention in the literature on SHS applications and programmes. yet they have enormous impact on the daily use of energy.
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Books on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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Kotzé, D. J. Energy projections for South Africa. Institute for Energy Studies, Rand Afrikaans University, 1985.

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Council, Human Sciences Research, ed. Cleaner energy, cooler climate: Developing sustainable energy solutions for South Africa. HSRC Press, 2009.

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Winkler, Harald. Cleaner energy, cooler climate: Developing sustainable energy solutions for South Africa. HSRC Press, 2009.

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Hankins, Mark. Solar electric systems for Africa: A guide for planning and installing solar electric systemsinrural Africa. Commonwealth Science Council, 1995.

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Yaron, Gil. Solar energy for rural communities: The case of Namibia. Intermediate Technology Publications in association with SSD, MRC, University of Namibia, 1994.

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The energy book for urban development in South Africa. Sustainable Energy Africa, 2002.

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Klees, Andreas. Electricity law in South Africa. Juta, 2014.

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Pollet, Bruno G., Iain Staffell, and Kerry-Ann Adamson. The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25510-1.

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Solar electric systems for Africa: A guide for planning and installing solar electric lighting systems in rural Africa. Commonwealth Science Council & AGROTEC, 1995.

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Eberhard, Anton A. Energy, equity and the state: Widening access to energy services in South Africa. Pluto Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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Bischof-Niemz, Tobias, and Terence Creamer. "It’s all about solar and wind." In South Africa’s Energy Transition. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429463303-4.

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Hosseini, Seyed Vahid, Ali Izadi, Seyed Hossein Madani, Yong Chen, and Mahmoud Chizari. "Design Procedure of a Hybrid Renewable Power Generation System." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_20.

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AbstractElectrification of small communities in districted off-grid area remains as a challenge for power generation industries. In the current study, various aspects of design of a standalone renewable power plant are examined and implemented in a case study of a rural area in Cape Town, South Africa. Estimating required electricity based on local demand profile, investment, operability, and maintenance costs of different generation technologies are studied in order to investigate their potential in an off-grid clean energy generation system. Several configurations of hybridization of solar system, wind, and micro gas turbine in combination with a battery are investigated. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and number of days with more than 3 h black out are compared.
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Malatji, Lekwapa. "South Africa: Energy Policy." In Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40871-7_157-1.

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Elliott, David, and Terence Cook. "Spreading Renewables South: Into Africa." In Renewable Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74787-3_3.

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Kitunzi Mutunzi, Ahmed, and Shailendra Vyakarnam. "Cooperatives’ Potential to Diffuse Appropriate Solar Technologies in Uganda." In Energy in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91301-8_5.

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Malatji, Lekwapa. "South Africa: Mineral Policy." In Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40871-7_170-1.

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Pollet, Bruno G., Iain Staffell, and Kerry-Ann Adamson. "Energy and Africa." In The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25510-1_2.

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Wakeford, Jeremy J., and Jeremy J. Wakeford. "Energy." In Preparing for Peak Oil in South Africa. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9518-5_2.

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Trujillo Navarro, J. M., J. L. Navarro Sevilla, and F. Jiménez Aguilera. "Rural Electrification Experience in South Spain." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_216.

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Cruikshank, Dale P. "Interstellar Dust in the Solar System." In New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0335-7_58.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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Heun, M. K., J. L. van Niekerk, M. Swilling, A. J. Meyer, A. Brent, and T. P. Fluri. "Learnable Lessons on Sustainability From the Provision of Electricity in South Africa." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90071.

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South Africa is a “canary in a coal mine” for the world’s upcoming ecological crises, especially regarding electrical energy provision for a developing modern society, because aspects of the South African situation may be repeated elsewhere when ecological limits constrain economic activity. We describe the South African context in terms of social issues and economic development policies, environmental issues, and the electrical energy situation in the country. We explore implications of the South African context for the provision of electrical energy in terms of development objectives, climate change, the electrical grid, water, and solar, wind, ocean, and hydro energy resources. Thereafter, we explore future directions for electrical energy provision in the country, including some important questions to be answered. Next, we offer a rational way forward, including an assessment favoring concentrated solar power (CSP) as a path of least resistance for decoupling South Africa’s energy use from upstream and downstream environmental impacts. We conclude with some learnable lessons from the South African context for the rest of the developing and developed world.
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Chidi, M., M. Nthontho, S. Chowdhury, and S. P. Chowdhury. "Viability of grid-connected domestic solar photovoltaic systems in South Africa." In 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2012.6344638.

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Roro, K. T., N. Tile, B. Yalisi, et al. "Selective Solar Absorber Coating Research at the CSIR (South Africa)." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110574006.

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Craig, Toyosi, Alan Brent, Frank Duvenhage, and Frank Dinter. "Systems approach to concentrated solar power (CSP) technology adoption in South Africa." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5067166.

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Ardekani, Mohammad Moghimi, Ken Craig, and Josua Meyer. "Annual performance optimization of a linear Fresnel collector in Pretoria, South Africa." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5067081.

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Silinga, Cebo, Paul Gauché, and Wikus van Niekerk. "CSP scenarios in South Africa: Benefits of CSP and the lessons learned." In SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949178.

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Mulaudzi, Silas K., and Steve Bull. "An assessment of the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) application in South Africa." In 2016 7th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2016.7478917.

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Brooks, Michael J., and Lance W. Roberts. "Establishment of a broadband radiometric ground station on the South African east coast." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Benjamin K. Tsai. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.826089.

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Amoo, Akinlawon O., Willem J. Bekker, and Hendrik C. vZ Pienaar. "Determination of the Purity of Solar Generated Hydrogen in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa." In Power and Energy Systems and Applications. ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.756-002.

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Amoo, Akinlawon O., Willem J. Bekker, and Hendrik C. vZ Pienaar. "Determination of the Purity of Solar Generated Hydrogen in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa." In Power and Energy Systems and Applications. ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.756-002.

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Reports on the topic "Solar energy – South Africa"

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SEAD Incentives Working Group, Can, Stephane de la Rue du, Virginie Letschert, Greg Leventis, Theo Covary, and Professor Xia. Energy Efficiency Country Study: Republic Of South Africa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165577.

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anon. An Energy Overview of the Republic of South Africa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821412.

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Shickman, Kurt. Accelerating the deployment of energy efficient and renewable energy technologies in South Africa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409037.

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Annecke, W. Non-Economic Determinants of Energy Use in Rural Areas of South Africa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6706.

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Van Horen, C., G. Simmonds, and G. Parker. Joint implementation initiatives in South Africa: A case study of two energy-efficiency projects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6484.

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Robinson, Peter, and Andrew Tipping. Energy Africa – Mozambique. Technical assistance to model and analyse the economic effects of VAT and tariffs on picoPV products, solar home systems and improved cookstoves. Evidence on Demand, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_cr.august2016.robinsonpetal.

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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa: Towards a public law perspective on constitutional privacy in the era of digitalisation. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/04.

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In this working paper, our focus is on the constitutional debates and case law regarding the right to privacy, adopting a method that is largely theoretical. In an accompanying separate working paper, A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector, we employ the analysis developed here and focus on the specific case of digital technologies in the health sector. The topic and task of these papers lie at the confluence of many areas of contemporary society. To demonstrate and apply the argument of this paper, it would be possible and valuable to extend its analysis into any of numerous spheres of social life, from energy to education to policing to child care. In our accompanying separate paper, we focus on only one policy domain – the health sector. Our aim is to demonstrate our argument about the significance of a public law perspective on the constitutional right to privacy in the age of digitalisation, and attend to several issues raised by digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. For the most part, we focus on technologies that have health benefits and privacy costs, but we also recognise that certain technologies have health costs and privacy benefits. We also briefly outline the recent establishment (and subsequent events) in South Africa of a contact tracing database responding to the COVID-19 pandemic – the COVID-19 Tracing Database – a development at the interface of the law enforcement and health sectors. Our main point in this accompanying paper is to demonstrate the value that a constitutional right to privacy can bring to the regulation of digital technologies in a variety of legal frameworks and technological settings – from public to private, and from the law of the constitution to the ‘law’ of computer coding.
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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.

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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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Yusgiantoro, Filda C., I. Dewa Made Raditya Margenta, Haryanto Haryanto, and Felicia Grace Utomo. Carbon Tax Implementation in the Energy Sector: A Comparative Study in G20 and ASEAN Member States (AMS). Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.003.

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1. This report shows that six G20 countries (Japan, South Africa, Argentina, France, Ireland, and Mexico) and one ASEAN Member States (Singapore) have implemented a carbon tax. 2. The energy sector is the primary GHG emissions contributor in most member states, except Indonesia. However, the energy sector in Indonesia will highly contribute to the national GHG emissions considering the rise of energy demand due to economic and population growth. 3. The effectiveness of carbon tax is specific to which sectors are taxed and which sectors are exempt to a country member. Specifically, a higher emissions price may not cover a large share of emissions in the country. The high carbon tax in France only covers 35% of total emissions in its jurisdiction. Meanwhile, Japan and Singapore’s low carbon tax covers 75% and 80% of total emissions in their jurisdiction, respectively. 4. The numbers of sectoral coverage by emissions price will impact the level of revenues generated from the carbon tax. France obtained the most significant carbon tax revenue for more than USD 9.6 billion. Meanwhile, Argentina generated less than USD 1 million, likely due to tax exemptions in natural gas commodities. 5. The contribution level of carbon tax revenue to the government’s total revenue varies for each country. France and Ireland’s carbon tax revenue contributes 0.71% and 0.53% of their total government revenue, respectively. Meanwhile, the rest of the countries’ carbon tax revenue contributed less than 0.3% each to their government revenue.
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Ogino, Kaoru. A Review of the Strategy for the Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200386-2.

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This paper examines, summarizes, and updates the study of a strategy for the Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection conducted by the Asian Development Bank. It presents independent reviews and assessments by various stakeholders from Japan, Mongolia, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation together with additional analysis by experts from the private and public sectors, academe, and international research and development institutions. It also calls for further discussions, studies, and activities in the development of the vast renewable energy potential of Mongolia’s South Gobi. Specific integrated investment project approaches for solar and wind power development and two cross-border transmission links in the region are proposed.
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