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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solar energy – Zambia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Solar energy – Zambia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Solar energy – Zambia"

1

Imasiku, Katundu. "A Solar Photovoltaic Performance and Financial Modeling Solution for Grid-Connected Homes in Zambia." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (August 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8870109.

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Zambia is today 90% hydropower dependent, but this may change because Zambia and the World at large are today facing a changing climate that affects the ecosystem, rain patterns, and spurs drought which reduces the production of hydropower. The current power deficit experienced in Zambia points to a need to deploy a renewable energy generation-mix strategy. This study conducts a solar photovoltaic performance and financial analysis for grid-connected homes in Zambia to investigate the role of solar energy as an enabler for energy security in Zambia using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM) simulation method. It further reviews the available solar irradiance, modeling a detailed grid-connected photovoltaic system using locally available products for a single owner in a power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Zambia Electricity Company Limited (ZESCO). This model would alleviate the current power load shedding experienced by the residential sector, of up to 22 hours of no electricity out of 24 hours in a day. Alongside the technical performance model and an unfavorable business climate in Zambia, a financial model is also developed to help assess project feasibility and financial viability. A 1 kW solar PV system was modeled at an installation cost of US$1.27 per watt on a short-term basis of 5 years and found that the project is feasible with a 28.52% IRR achieved in 3 years and a 69% performance ratio and a debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) of 5.12 by the end of the project life, thereby indicating capability to turn around Zambia’s energy poverty to meet the UN SDG 7.

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2

Downs, Timothy J., Matthew Zimmerman, Nick Altonaga, Ramesh Dahal, Elizabeth Kubacki, Nathaniel Lapides, and John Richards. "Unlocking High Sustainable Energy Potential in Zambia: An Integrative Collaborative Project Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n1p59.

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Enjoying abundant hydro and solar resources, and relative socio-political stability, Zambia has the potential to be fully energy independent with high sustainability. However, in response to frequent power outages, symptomatic of a worsening energy deficit, the Zambian government’s proposed energy strategy seems to offer only short-term fixes, exemplifying the inadequacies of business-as-usual development practice. The assessment/planning process has little stakeholder engagement with civil society, and pays no attention to capacity building on a societal scale. Indeed, globally, while calls for ‘integrative’ approaches are getting louder, operational details are lacking. We suggest alternatives to the proposed strategy and conventional development process, and improvements to operational stages using an integrative collaborative project (ICP) framework, arguing for a capacity building innovation network that scales up or down by linking local and regional projects together. We consider: How can society unlock high sustainable energy potential in Zambia, in ways adaptive to changing conditions and climate instabilities, scalable up or down, and replicable to other settings? Our preliminary technological recommendation – subject to a full stakeholder process - combines solar farms, off-grid solar, improved hydroelectric, and optimization of thermal plants for baseload stability. But technical outcomes are a function of social processes. For our process innovation, we asses all operational stages: conceptual design, assessment, planning, implementation and management, and monitoring. For each we describe existing practice and suggest improvements, then consider capacity building needs and networks. Zambia could be an exciting model for sustainable development processes and resultant energy systems in challenging settings.

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3

Stritzke, Susann. "‘Clean energy for all’: the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-11-2017-0042.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review critical success factors (CSFs) for the implementation of the Scaling Solar Programme in Zambia, the first solar public-private partnership (PPP) in the country. Design/methodology/approach The single case study is based on stakeholder interviews and the evaluation of primary and secondary sources of data. As a first step, the study illustrates the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia and links it to the formal PPP framework of the country. The second step compares central CSFs for PPPs identified by previous research with the current framework of the programme. Furthermore, it analyses whether these CSFs have affected the PPP project implementation in Zambia. Based on these findings the question discussed will be which CSFs can be identified that impacted the implementation of the programme in a third step. Findings The case study found that the design of the Scaling Solar Programme largely mitigated the main financial and political risks identified in previous studies with regard to the uptake of energy infrastructure processes in developing countries. It reveals that government stakeholder alignment and institutional capacity are the central CSFs which impact the roll-out of the programme in Zambia. Originality/value The study suggests that a pre-implementation phase of a complex PPP project should comprise government stakeholder alignment which can be based on approaches to Relationship Management Theory. By suggesting a stakeholder management approach, the study indicates how a PPP framework, with a redefined role of a horizontally integrated, independent Public-Private Partnership Unit, can support this approach.

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4

Jahangiri, Mehdi, Esther T. Akinlabi, and Sam M. Sichilalu. "Assessment and Modeling of Household-Scale Solar Water Heater Application in Zambia: Technical, Environmental, and Energy Analysis." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630338.

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Solar water heaters (SWHs) are one of the most effective plans for general and easy use of solar energy to supply hot water in domestic and industrial sectors. This paper gives the first-ever attempts to assess the optimal localization of SWHs across 22 major cities in Zambia, as well as determine the possibility of hot water generation and model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving. The climate data used is extracted by using the MeteoSyn software which is modeled in TSOL™. Results show the high potential of GHG emission reduction due to nonconsumption of fossil fuels owing to the deployment of SWHs, and three cities Kabwe, Chipata, and Mbala had the highest GHG mitigation by 1552.97 kg/y, 1394.8 kg/y, and 1321.39 kg/y, respectively. On average, SWHs provide 62.47% of space heating and 96.05% of the sanitary hot water requirement of consumers. The findings have shown the potential for the deployment of SWHs in Zambia. The techno-enviro study in this paper can be used by the policymakers of Zambia and countries with similar climates.

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5

Imasiku, Katundu, Valerie M. Thomas, and Etienne Ntagwirumugara. "Unpacking Ecological Stress from Economic Activities for Sustainability and Resource Optimization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093538.

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Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations are governed by traditional economic models of using varied varieties of capital (including human), technological and natural approaches to supply goods and services. This has undoubtedly led to annual economic growth of about 3.2% in several African nations and higher per capita income as some of the major benefits, which have improved the standards of living and social wellbeing but conjointly have led to environmental degradation. In response to the environmental degradation problem, while benchmarking against international policies, this article evaluates approaches to economic development, environmental management, and energy production in the context of climate change. Case studies consider the mine-dependent nations of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the agriculture-dependent nation of Rwanda. In Zambia and DRC, energy efficiency in the mining and metals industries could increase the electrification rate in Zambia and DRC by up to 50%. Additional industrial utilization of solar or wind energy is key to a stable energy supply, economic development and environmental protection. In Rwanda, population growth and land constraints point to economic growth and agricultural improvements as the key to sustainability and sustainable development. These case studies emphasize resource optimization, energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, strategies to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, and the improvement of social wellbeing for both present and future generations to achieve an ecologically enhanced sub-Saharan Africa.

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6

LUKWESA, Biness, Yutaka TABE, and Takemi CHIKAHISA. "Optimization of Power Supply Systems with Large-Scale Solar and Wind Energy in Zambia." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2019 (2019): J05317P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j05317p.

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7

Ellegård, Anders, Anders Arvidson, Mattias Nordström, Oscar S. Kalumiana, and Clotilda Mwanza. "Rural people pay for solar: experiences from the Zambia PV-ESCO project." Renewable Energy 29, no. 8 (July 2004): 1251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.019.

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8

Umar, Bridget Bwalya, and Chibuye Florence Kunda-Wamuwi. "Socio-Economic Effects of Load Shedding on Poor Urban Households and Small Business Enterprises in Lusaka, Zambia." Energy and Environment Research 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v9n2p20.

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Zambia has in the recent past witnessed an increase in economic activities which has led to an increased energy demand. This increased demand for energy has overshot the hydroelectric power generating capacity. Consequently, the national power utility company, the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) instituted nationwide load shedding schedules that last up to 12 hours daily. This development has potentially far reaching social and economic effects on the lives and operations of poor urban residents and small scale business enterprises (SMEs) that routinely depend on stable access to electricity. With a focus on two low income residential areas, namely Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga residential areas, this study explored how residents and SMEs of the capital city, Lusaka have been affected by the recent spate of load shedding in the city. A total of 200 households and 14 SMEs from Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga were interviewed. Results show that load shedding, which occurs daily in the two study sites has caused massive disruptions to the daily lives and operations of the households and small businesses respectively. Over time, the load shedding phenomena has gotten worse and become a major political issue, reflecting the hardships for households and businesses in Zambia. On this basis, this study recommends that the government provides subsidies on alternative energy appliances such as portable diesel solar generators for small business enterprises and more favourable electric tariff rates for business that shift their manufacturing activities to night time so as to reduce demand for electricity during peak periods.

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9

Stritzke, Susann, and Prem Jain. "The Sustainability of Decentralised Renewable Energy Projects in Developing Countries: Learning Lessons from Zambia." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133757.

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Decentralised renewable energy (RE) systems such as solar PV mini-grids (MG) are considered to be a cornerstone for the strategic achievement of the UN’s energy access goals in the developing world. Many of these systems implemented however face substantial technical, financial and social sustainability challenges which are also a recurring theme in the relevant literature. MG analyses however often lack detailed technical or financial data or apply ‘silo-approaches’ as a comprehensive review of MG case study literature presented in this article reveals. Consequently, this study aims to enhance the understanding of RE MG sustainability in the developing context based on the integrated evaluation of the technical, financial and social dimensions of MG operation through empirical data from community surveys on energy use from Uganda and Zambia and two in-depth MG case studies from Zambia. By presenting detailed technical and financial data in combination with energy consumer perception, the study aims to close existing data gaps on sustainable RE MG operation and offers an approach to evaluate and optimise the operational sustainability of an MG in its individual local context. The article finds that the complex rural community ecosystem is a central, but yet undervalued determinant of MG sustainability in rural developing contexts. The mismatch between energy affordability and MG tariffs threatens MG sustainability and the scaling of energy access projects if not addressed specifically during project development and implementation. Consequently, the article calls for a strategic inclusion of community-ecosystem parameters and MG planning based on realistic energy affordability levels and an added value approach that includes dynamic MG financing mechanisms and targeted measures to generate added value through energy consumption as integral parts of RE MG projects.

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Imasiku, Katundu, and Valerie M. Thomas. "The Mining and Technology Industries as Catalysts for Sustainable Energy Development." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 10410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410410.

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The potential for mining companies to contribute to sustainable energy development is characterized in terms of opportunities for energy efficiency and support of electricity access in mining-intensive developing countries. Through a case study of the Central African Copperbelt countries of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, energy efficiency opportunities in copper operations and environmental impact of metal extraction are evaluated qualitatively, characterized, and quantified using principles of industrial ecology, life cycle assessment, and engineering economics. In these countries the mining sector is the greatest consumer of electricity, accounting for about 53.6% in the region. Energy efficiency improvements in the refinery processes is shown to have a factor of two improvement potential. Further, four strategies are identified by which the mining and technology industries can enhance sustainable electricity generation capacity: energy efficiency; use of solar and other renewable resources; share expertise from the mining and technology industries within the region; and take advantage of the abundant cobalt and other raw materials to initiate value-added manufacturing.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solar energy – Zambia"

1

Gustavsson, Mathias. "Solar energy for a brighter life : a case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic technology in the Eastern Province, Zambia /." Göteborg, Sweden : University of Göteborg, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008422822.html.

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Nyirenda, Elvis. "Conjunctive Operation of Hydro and Solar PV Power with Pumped Storage at Kafue Gorge Power Station (Zambia)." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30545.

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This report covers the work carried out to redesign the two existing conventional hydro power stations in Zambia on the Kafue river into the pumped storage facility with solar photovoltaic power so that security of supply and water conservation is achieved to reduce the power deficits during the dry and drought periods. The two stations are Kafue gorge upper power station (KGUPS) and Kafue gorge lower power station (KGLPS) with an installed capacity of 990 MW and 750 MW respectively. These two stations are dammed hydro power station with the reservoirs size of 785 106 m3 and 80 106 m3 respectively and situated on the 9000 hectares of land with the net head of 400 m. The two plants are situated 15 kilometres apart and the water inflow in the KGUPS is dependent on the water release from the holding dam Ithezi- thezi (ITT dam) situated 220 kilometres from the KGUPS dam. The work covered the sizing of the storage dams and determining the autonomy days needed in order to keep the station (KGUPS) running with minimal impact on power blackouts which were calculated at 5 days considering the size of the dam and the available energy. The financial calculation for the PV system was also carried out in this study except for the hydro system which was not carried out due to the time allocated to conduct this study. The proposed operation scheme for the two hydro stations and the solar PV system is also carried out in order to increase solar power penetration in the Zambian grid, reduce power deficit and conserve water during the days/times with enough solar power. Designing of the system was carried out using Homer Pro software on which the hydro power station was modelled using the water influx into the turbines at KGUPS, the plant net head of 400 meters was also used with the calculated head losses of 7 % for the 4 meter diameter penstock between KGUPS dam, KGUPS machine hall to the KGLPS dam. The KGUPS dam was modelled as a natural battery so that charging is done using the water from the KGLPS dam, the battery with a total annual capacity of 428 GWh was modelled. PVsyst and PVGIS software tools were also used to simulate the production from the optimised PV system so that the accuracy of tools can be compared. To cover the load of 777 MW/day (18.6 GWh/day), the available power to provide the necessary energy for the pumps was 270 MW as surplus power from the hydro power machines at KGUPS .The available power from solar PV plant of 236 MW maximum was achieved from the optimized 300 MW PV plant in the dry period of the day which occurs in the month of October, with 300 MW converter , 8 % penetration of solar into the Zambian grid and the pumping scheme was able to provide 589 hours of autonomy with 80 % average state of charge. The total maximum power of 390 MW was good enough to provide power to the two pumps of each 165 MW. From the simulations carried out in the increment of solar PV system from 50 MW to 350 MW, the reliance on hydro power can be reduced drastically and power deficits due to the drought situation as the case for the year 2016 can be alleviated. 300 MW PV plant was selected in order to match with the available land, machines to work as pumps and the initial investment cost to be loosely monitored. The optimized 300 MW PV system with the life of 30 years had a project capital cost of $113 million united states dollars with the levelized cost of electricity 0.0487 $/kWh. The solar PV plant has a payback period of 9 years considering the yearly production from solar PV of 534 GWh as simulated from Homer, PVGIS interactive tool gave an output of 491 GWh. Pumped hydro systems has the capability of utilizing the already existing structures like dams and turbines. They also have the capability of stabilizing the grid network and allow easy penetration of renewable energy technologies like wind and solar. With the government of Zambia pushing for more renewables in the grid by 2030, a pumped hydro project at KGUPS will certainly be able to stabilize the grid and provide a scheme that will be able to push thermal plants to run at full capacity and the efficiency can be improved. In accordance with the IEC TC (technical committee) [30] pumped hydro energy storage is a mature bulk energy technology offering stability and allowing the penetration of intermittent renewables like wind and solar.

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Books on the topic "Solar energy – Zambia"

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Mubukwanu, Wakunyambo. Solar opportunities for energy production in Zambia. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

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2

Gustavsson, Mathias. Solar energy for a brighter life: A case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic technology in the Eastern Province, Zambia. Göteborg, Sweden: University of Götenborg, 2008.

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Gustavsson, Mathias. Solar energy for a brighter life: A case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic technology in the Eastern Province, Zambia. Göteborg, Sweden: University of Götenborg, 2008.

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4

International Financial Securities Regulatory Commission: Scaling Solar Delivers Low-Cost Clean Energy For Zambia. Nathan Blanch, 2016.

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5

Women, Zambia Alliance of, Zambia. Dept. of Energy., International Alliance of Women, and Workshop on "Promotion of Energy Saving Cookers in SADCC Countries" (1991 : Lusaka, Zambia), eds. Workshop proceedings on energy saving cookstoves in SADCC countries: Commonwealth Youth Centre, 12-17 August, 1991, Lusaka Zambia. [Lusaka]: The Alliance, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solar energy – Zambia"

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, and Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_60-1.

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AbstractLand and environment are some of limited nature resource for any particular country and requires best use. Therefore, for sustainable energy generation it is often important to maximize land use and avoid or minimize environmental and social impact when selecting the potential locations for solar energy harvesting. This chapter presents an approach for identifying and determining the potential sites and available land areas for solar energy harvesting. Hence, the restricting and enhancing parameters that influence sites selection based on international regulation have been imposed to the Laws of Zambia on environmental protection and pollution control legislative framework. Thus, both international regulations and local environmental protection and pollution control legislative have been used for identifying the potential sites and evaluating solar PV electricity generation potential in these potential sites. The restricting parameters were applied to reduce territory areas to feasible potential sites and available areas that are suitable for solar energy harvesting. The assessment involved two different models: firstly the assessment of potential sites and mapping using GIS, and secondly, evaluation of the available suitable land areas and feasible solar PV electricity generation potential in each provinces using analytical methods. The total available suitable area of the potential sites is estimated at 82,564.601 km2 representing 10.97% of Zambia’s total surface area. This potential is equivalent to 10,240.73 TWh annual electricity generation potential with potential to reduce CO2 emissions in the nation and achieve SDGs. The identification of potential sites and solar energy will help improve the understanding of the potential solar energy can contribute to achieving sustainable national energy mix in Zambia. Furthermore, it will help the government in setting up tangible energy targets and effective integration of solar PV systems into national energy mix.

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2

Mwanza, Mabvuto, and Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 899–946. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_60.

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AbstractLand and environment are some of limited nature resource for any particular country and requires best use. Therefore, for sustainable energy generation it is often important to maximize land use and avoid or minimize environmental and social impact when selecting the potential locations for solar energy harvesting. This chapter presents an approach for identifying and determining the potential sites and available land areas for solar energy harvesting. Hence, the restricting and enhancing parameters that influence sites selection based on international regulation have been imposed to the Laws of Zambia on environmental protection and pollution control legislative framework. Thus, both international regulations and local environmental protection and pollution control legislative have been used for identifying the potential sites and evaluating solar PV electricity generation potential in these potential sites. The restricting parameters were applied to reduce territory areas to feasible potential sites and available areas that are suitable for solar energy harvesting. The assessment involved two different models: firstly the assessment of potential sites and mapping using GIS, and secondly, evaluation of the available suitable land areas and feasible solar PV electricity generation potential in each provinces using analytical methods. The total available suitable area of the potential sites is estimated at 82,564.601 km2 representing 10.97% of Zambia’s total surface area. This potential is equivalent to 10,240.73 TWh annual electricity generation potential with potential to reduce CO2 emissions in the nation and achieve SDGs. The identification of potential sites and solar energy will help improve the understanding of the potential solar energy can contribute to achieving sustainable national energy mix in Zambia. Furthermore, it will help the government in setting up tangible energy targets and effective integration of solar PV systems into national energy mix.

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3

Leigland, James. "Case Studies." In Public-Private Partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa, 202–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861829.003.0009.

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This chapter presents case studies of three recent renewable energy independent power producer (IPP) tender programs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), in Uganda, Zambia, and South Africa. Using competitive tenders to select IPP projects is rare in Africa, but is viewed as an effective way of lowering project costs. And with the rapid reductions in the costs associated with wind and solar projects, renewable energy IPP projects may represent the power sector public–private partnerships (PPPs) of the future. These case studies detail the role of development partners in designing and implementing the first two of these programs and compare their performance with that of the South African program, a program designed and managed almost exclusively by South African officials and their advisers. What are the lessons that can be learned from these two distinct approaches? What impact do these kinds of programs have on the “IPP policy dilemma” described in Chapter 8?

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Conference papers on the topic "Solar energy – Zambia"

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Shields, Matt, Lisa Zhao, Matt Salmon, and Lucy Pieterse. "Business operations for a solar energy kiosk in Chalokwa, Zambia." In 2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2017.8239257.

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Makai, L., and S. P. Daniel Chowdhury. "Energy solution of Zambia from micro hybric biomass — Solar photovoltaic power plants." In 2017 IEEE AFRICON. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095664.

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Kumwenda, B., W. Mwaku, D. Mulongoti, and H. Louie. "Integration of solar energy into the Zambia power grid considering ramp rate constraints." In 2017 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica.2017.7991233.

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Zulu, E. "Creating solar communities as a way of mitigating Zambia's power (Energy) crisis." In 2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica.2016.7556573.

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