Journal articles: 'Solar energy – Zambia'

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Imasiku, Katundu. "A Solar Photovoltaic Performance and Financial Modeling Solution for Grid-Connected Homes in Zambia." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (August 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8870109.

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Zambia is today 90% hydropower dependent, but this may change because Zambia and the World at large are today facing a changing climate that affects the ecosystem, rain patterns, and spurs drought which reduces the production of hydropower. The current power deficit experienced in Zambia points to a need to deploy a renewable energy generation-mix strategy. This study conducts a solar photovoltaic performance and financial analysis for grid-connected homes in Zambia to investigate the role of solar energy as an enabler for energy security in Zambia using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM) simulation method. It further reviews the available solar irradiance, modeling a detailed grid-connected photovoltaic system using locally available products for a single owner in a power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Zambia Electricity Company Limited (ZESCO). This model would alleviate the current power load shedding experienced by the residential sector, of up to 22 hours of no electricity out of 24 hours in a day. Alongside the technical performance model and an unfavorable business climate in Zambia, a financial model is also developed to help assess project feasibility and financial viability. A 1 kW solar PV system was modeled at an installation cost of US$1.27 per watt on a short-term basis of 5 years and found that the project is feasible with a 28.52% IRR achieved in 3 years and a 69% performance ratio and a debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) of 5.12 by the end of the project life, thereby indicating capability to turn around Zambia’s energy poverty to meet the UN SDG 7.

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Downs, Timothy J., Matthew Zimmerman, Nick Altonaga, Ramesh Dahal, Elizabeth Kubacki, Nathaniel Lapides, and John Richards. "Unlocking High Sustainable Energy Potential in Zambia: An Integrative Collaborative Project Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n1p59.

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Enjoying abundant hydro and solar resources, and relative socio-political stability, Zambia has the potential to be fully energy independent with high sustainability. However, in response to frequent power outages, symptomatic of a worsening energy deficit, the Zambian government’s proposed energy strategy seems to offer only short-term fixes, exemplifying the inadequacies of business-as-usual development practice. The assessment/planning process has little stakeholder engagement with civil society, and pays no attention to capacity building on a societal scale. Indeed, globally, while calls for ‘integrative’ approaches are getting louder, operational details are lacking. We suggest alternatives to the proposed strategy and conventional development process, and improvements to operational stages using an integrative collaborative project (ICP) framework, arguing for a capacity building innovation network that scales up or down by linking local and regional projects together. We consider: How can society unlock high sustainable energy potential in Zambia, in ways adaptive to changing conditions and climate instabilities, scalable up or down, and replicable to other settings? Our preliminary technological recommendation – subject to a full stakeholder process - combines solar farms, off-grid solar, improved hydroelectric, and optimization of thermal plants for baseload stability. But technical outcomes are a function of social processes. For our process innovation, we asses all operational stages: conceptual design, assessment, planning, implementation and management, and monitoring. For each we describe existing practice and suggest improvements, then consider capacity building needs and networks. Zambia could be an exciting model for sustainable development processes and resultant energy systems in challenging settings.

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Stritzke, Susann. "‘Clean energy for all’: the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-11-2017-0042.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review critical success factors (CSFs) for the implementation of the Scaling Solar Programme in Zambia, the first solar public-private partnership (PPP) in the country. Design/methodology/approach The single case study is based on stakeholder interviews and the evaluation of primary and secondary sources of data. As a first step, the study illustrates the implementation of Scaling Solar in Zambia and links it to the formal PPP framework of the country. The second step compares central CSFs for PPPs identified by previous research with the current framework of the programme. Furthermore, it analyses whether these CSFs have affected the PPP project implementation in Zambia. Based on these findings the question discussed will be which CSFs can be identified that impacted the implementation of the programme in a third step. Findings The case study found that the design of the Scaling Solar Programme largely mitigated the main financial and political risks identified in previous studies with regard to the uptake of energy infrastructure processes in developing countries. It reveals that government stakeholder alignment and institutional capacity are the central CSFs which impact the roll-out of the programme in Zambia. Originality/value The study suggests that a pre-implementation phase of a complex PPP project should comprise government stakeholder alignment which can be based on approaches to Relationship Management Theory. By suggesting a stakeholder management approach, the study indicates how a PPP framework, with a redefined role of a horizontally integrated, independent Public-Private Partnership Unit, can support this approach.

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Jahangiri, Mehdi, Esther T. Akinlabi, and Sam M. Sichilalu. "Assessment and Modeling of Household-Scale Solar Water Heater Application in Zambia: Technical, Environmental, and Energy Analysis." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630338.

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Solar water heaters (SWHs) are one of the most effective plans for general and easy use of solar energy to supply hot water in domestic and industrial sectors. This paper gives the first-ever attempts to assess the optimal localization of SWHs across 22 major cities in Zambia, as well as determine the possibility of hot water generation and model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving. The climate data used is extracted by using the MeteoSyn software which is modeled in TSOL™. Results show the high potential of GHG emission reduction due to nonconsumption of fossil fuels owing to the deployment of SWHs, and three cities Kabwe, Chipata, and Mbala had the highest GHG mitigation by 1552.97 kg/y, 1394.8 kg/y, and 1321.39 kg/y, respectively. On average, SWHs provide 62.47% of space heating and 96.05% of the sanitary hot water requirement of consumers. The findings have shown the potential for the deployment of SWHs in Zambia. The techno-enviro study in this paper can be used by the policymakers of Zambia and countries with similar climates.

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Imasiku, Katundu, Valerie M. Thomas, and Etienne Ntagwirumugara. "Unpacking Ecological Stress from Economic Activities for Sustainability and Resource Optimization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093538.

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Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations are governed by traditional economic models of using varied varieties of capital (including human), technological and natural approaches to supply goods and services. This has undoubtedly led to annual economic growth of about 3.2% in several African nations and higher per capita income as some of the major benefits, which have improved the standards of living and social wellbeing but conjointly have led to environmental degradation. In response to the environmental degradation problem, while benchmarking against international policies, this article evaluates approaches to economic development, environmental management, and energy production in the context of climate change. Case studies consider the mine-dependent nations of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the agriculture-dependent nation of Rwanda. In Zambia and DRC, energy efficiency in the mining and metals industries could increase the electrification rate in Zambia and DRC by up to 50%. Additional industrial utilization of solar or wind energy is key to a stable energy supply, economic development and environmental protection. In Rwanda, population growth and land constraints point to economic growth and agricultural improvements as the key to sustainability and sustainable development. These case studies emphasize resource optimization, energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, strategies to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, and the improvement of social wellbeing for both present and future generations to achieve an ecologically enhanced sub-Saharan Africa.

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LUKWESA, Biness, Yutaka TABE, and Takemi CHIKAHISA. "Optimization of Power Supply Systems with Large-Scale Solar and Wind Energy in Zambia." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2019 (2019): J05317P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j05317p.

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Ellegård, Anders, Anders Arvidson, Mattias Nordström, Oscar S. Kalumiana, and Clotilda Mwanza. "Rural people pay for solar: experiences from the Zambia PV-ESCO project." Renewable Energy 29, no. 8 (July 2004): 1251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.019.

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Umar, Bridget Bwalya, and Chibuye Florence Kunda-Wamuwi. "Socio-Economic Effects of Load Shedding on Poor Urban Households and Small Business Enterprises in Lusaka, Zambia." Energy and Environment Research 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v9n2p20.

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Zambia has in the recent past witnessed an increase in economic activities which has led to an increased energy demand. This increased demand for energy has overshot the hydroelectric power generating capacity. Consequently, the national power utility company, the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) instituted nationwide load shedding schedules that last up to 12 hours daily. This development has potentially far reaching social and economic effects on the lives and operations of poor urban residents and small scale business enterprises (SMEs) that routinely depend on stable access to electricity. With a focus on two low income residential areas, namely Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga residential areas, this study explored how residents and SMEs of the capital city, Lusaka have been affected by the recent spate of load shedding in the city. A total of 200 households and 14 SMEs from Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga were interviewed. Results show that load shedding, which occurs daily in the two study sites has caused massive disruptions to the daily lives and operations of the households and small businesses respectively. Over time, the load shedding phenomena has gotten worse and become a major political issue, reflecting the hardships for households and businesses in Zambia. On this basis, this study recommends that the government provides subsidies on alternative energy appliances such as portable diesel solar generators for small business enterprises and more favourable electric tariff rates for business that shift their manufacturing activities to night time so as to reduce demand for electricity during peak periods.

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Stritzke, Susann, and Prem Jain. "The Sustainability of Decentralised Renewable Energy Projects in Developing Countries: Learning Lessons from Zambia." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133757.

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Decentralised renewable energy (RE) systems such as solar PV mini-grids (MG) are considered to be a cornerstone for the strategic achievement of the UN’s energy access goals in the developing world. Many of these systems implemented however face substantial technical, financial and social sustainability challenges which are also a recurring theme in the relevant literature. MG analyses however often lack detailed technical or financial data or apply ‘silo-approaches’ as a comprehensive review of MG case study literature presented in this article reveals. Consequently, this study aims to enhance the understanding of RE MG sustainability in the developing context based on the integrated evaluation of the technical, financial and social dimensions of MG operation through empirical data from community surveys on energy use from Uganda and Zambia and two in-depth MG case studies from Zambia. By presenting detailed technical and financial data in combination with energy consumer perception, the study aims to close existing data gaps on sustainable RE MG operation and offers an approach to evaluate and optimise the operational sustainability of an MG in its individual local context. The article finds that the complex rural community ecosystem is a central, but yet undervalued determinant of MG sustainability in rural developing contexts. The mismatch between energy affordability and MG tariffs threatens MG sustainability and the scaling of energy access projects if not addressed specifically during project development and implementation. Consequently, the article calls for a strategic inclusion of community-ecosystem parameters and MG planning based on realistic energy affordability levels and an added value approach that includes dynamic MG financing mechanisms and targeted measures to generate added value through energy consumption as integral parts of RE MG projects.

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Imasiku, Katundu, and Valerie M. Thomas. "The Mining and Technology Industries as Catalysts for Sustainable Energy Development." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 10410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410410.

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The potential for mining companies to contribute to sustainable energy development is characterized in terms of opportunities for energy efficiency and support of electricity access in mining-intensive developing countries. Through a case study of the Central African Copperbelt countries of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, energy efficiency opportunities in copper operations and environmental impact of metal extraction are evaluated qualitatively, characterized, and quantified using principles of industrial ecology, life cycle assessment, and engineering economics. In these countries the mining sector is the greatest consumer of electricity, accounting for about 53.6% in the region. Energy efficiency improvements in the refinery processes is shown to have a factor of two improvement potential. Further, four strategies are identified by which the mining and technology industries can enhance sustainable electricity generation capacity: energy efficiency; use of solar and other renewable resources; share expertise from the mining and technology industries within the region; and take advantage of the abundant cobalt and other raw materials to initiate value-added manufacturing.

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Gustavsson, Mathias. "With time comes increased loads—An analysis of solar home system use in Lundazi, Zambia." Renewable Energy 32, no. 5 (April 2007): 796–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.03.015.

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Gustavsson, Mathias, and Anders Ellegård. "The impact of solar home systems on rural livelihoods. Experiences from the Nyimba Energy Service Company in Zambia." Renewable Energy 29, no. 7 (June 2004): 1059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.011.

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Gustavsson, Mathias, and Daniel Mtonga. "Lead-acid battery capacity in solar home systems—Field tests and experiences in Lundazi, Zambia." Solar Energy 79, no. 5 (November 2005): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.10.010.

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Leach, Matthew, Chris Mullen, Jacquetta Lee, Bartosz Soltowski, Neal Wade, Stuart Galloway, William Coley, Shafiqa Keddar, Nigel Scott, and Simon Batchelor. "Modelling the Costs and Benefits of Modern Energy Cooking Services—Methods and Case Studies." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123371.

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Globally, 2.8 billion people still cook with biomass, resulting in health, environmental, and social challenges; electric cooking is a key option for a transition to modern energy cooking services. However, electric cooking is assumed to be too expensive, grids can be unreliable and the connection capacity of mini-grids and solar home systems is widely assumed to be insufficient. Developments in higher performance and lower cost batteries and solar photovoltaics can help, but they raise questions of affordability and environmental impacts. The range of issues is wide, and existing studies do not capture them coherently. A new suite of models is outlined that represents the technical, economic, human, and environmental benefits and impacts of delivering electric cooking services, with a life-cycle perspective. This paper represents the first time this diverse range of approaches has been brought together. The paper illustrates their use through combined application to case studies for transitions of households from traditional fuels to electric cooking: for urban grid-connected households in Zambia; for mini-grid connected households in Tanzania; and for off-grid households in Kenya. The results show that electric cooking can be cost-effective, and they demonstrate overall reductions in human and ecological impacts but point out potential impact ‘hotspots’. The network analysis shows that electric cooking can be accommodated to a significant extent on existing grids, due partly to diversity effects in the nature and timing of cooking practices.

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Kruger, Wikus, Susann Stritzke, and Philipp A. Trotter. "De-risking solar auctions in sub-Saharan Africa – A comparison of site selection strategies in South Africa and Zambia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 104 (April 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.041.

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Zulu, Sambo Lyson, Mwansa Chabala, and Ephraim Zulu. "Perceptions and beliefs influencing intention to use solar energy solutions in Zambian households." Built Environment Project and Asset Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-01-2021-0010.

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PurposeThe study examined perceptions and beliefs that influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions in the Zambian Housing Sector. This is important because empirical evidence for measures aimed at improving the adoption of solar energy solutions with SSA in general or a Zambian context, in particular, are largely missing from the literature.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical multiple linear regression was used to analyse quantitative data collected through an online questionnaire survey. A total of 947 valid responses were obtained from a convenient sample of household heads.FindingsThe results show that attitude towards solar energy solutions, subjective norms, perceived benefits, perceived trust, knowledge about solar energy solutions, load-shedding and social norms, in that order of magnitude, influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions. Perceived behavioural control, perceived risk and perceived cost did not influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions.Originality/valueThe results provide empirical evidence of important factors to drive the adoption of solar energy solutions in Zambia. The results further show that knowledge about available solar energy solutions, rather than general knowledge about renewable energy, influence the adoption intention of solar energy solutions.

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Zulu, Sambo, Ephraim Zulu, and Mwansa Chabala. "Factors influencing households' intention to adopt solar energy solutions in Zambia: insights from the theory of planned behaviour." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2021-0008.

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PurposeThis study examined the factors that influence households’ intention to adopt solar energy solutions in Zambia. This, in view of low adoption rates of solar energy solutions even in the wake of a widespread electricity power generation deficit across sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has plagued the region with daily electricity load shedding lasting several hours at a time. Given the vast potential for solar energy generation in the region, solar energy solutions have become an attractive option to grid-based electricity, and many households have intentions of adopting these solutions.Design/methodology/approachThrough the lens of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the study surveyed adult household members in Zambia who contributed towards the household’s income. The participants were selected using the snowballing technique, which yielded a sample of 961 respondents. The results were analysed using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results show that attitude, trust, benefits and subjective norms influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions. Trust and benefits also influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions indirectly through attitude. Therefore, measures aimed at increasing the adoption of solar energy solutions should focus on improving the attitude, perceived benefits, trust in the solutions and consider subjective norms.Originality/valueThe findings add to the understanding of the factors that influence the intention to adopt solar energy solutions in Zambia. Therefore, the findings can be used to inform measures aimed at improving solar energy uptake in Zambia. The study also reports on the previously unreported mediating role of attitude towards solar energy solution on the associations between perceived benefits and trust with solar energy solutions adoption intention.

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, Jamel CHAKCHAK, Numan S. ÇETIN, and Koray ÜLGEN. "Assessment of Solar Energy Source Distribution and Potential in Zambia." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 5, no. 2 (March 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v5i2.71.

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Stojanovski, Ognen, Mark C. Thurber, Frank A. Wolak, George Muwowo, and Kat Harrison. "Assessing Opportunities for Solar Lanterns to Improve Educational Outcomes in Off-Grid Rural Areas: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial." World Bank Economic Review, February 26, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhab002.

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Abstract Solar lanterns are promoted across rural Sub-Saharan Africa as a way to improve educational outcomes. A randomized controlled trial in Zimba District, Zambia, evaluates whether solar lanterns help children study and improve academic performance. The research design accounts for potential income effects from receiving a lantern and also “blinds” participants to the study's purpose. There is no relationship detected between receipt of a solar lantern and improved performance on key examinations. Impacts on self-reported study habits are also not observed. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that solar lanterns are not an efficient way to improve educational outcomes in developing countries relative to other available options. Two phenomena, both of which are likely observed in other developing regions, may explain these results. First, flashlights have become the dominant lighting source in rural Zambia, so solar lanterns may have only limited appeal for prospective users who no longer rely on traditional lighting options like kerosene lamps. Second, improved energy access – whether through solar lanterns or other technologies – appears to be a relatively unimportant educational input in settings like Zimba.

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Maambo, Humphrey Hamusonde, and Isaac Simate. "Performance Improvement of Solar Water Stills by Using Reflectors." Journal of Humanitarian Engineering 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.36479/jhe.v4i2.52.

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The lack of safe and clean drinking water sources is one of the problems faced in most rural communities in Zambia. Water in these communities is mostly obtained from shallow wells and rivers. However, this water might be potentially contaminated with harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria and therefore, unsafe for drinking. Solar water distillation represents an important alternative to palliate problems of fresh water shortages. Solar water stills can be used to eliminate harmful substances from contaminated water by treating it using free solar energy before it can be consumed. Therefore, there is a need to improve solar still performance to produce a greater quantity of safe drinking water. One possible method to improve performance is through adding reflectors to solar stills. Reflectors improve performance by increasing the quantity of distillate by about 22.3 % at a water depth of 15 mm and about 2 9% at a water depth of 10 mm when compared to the distillate produced from a still without reflectors. The water produced using solar stills with reflectors was tested and adhered to World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. This implies that solar distillation with reflectors could be adopted at a larger scale to produce safer drinking water at a reduced cost.

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, Mwansa KAOMA, Chilala Kakoma BOWA, Numan S. ÇETIN, and Koray ÜLGEN. "The Potential of Solar Energy for Sustainable Water Resource Development and Averting National Social Burden in Rural Areas of Zambia." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v5i1.64.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar energy – Zambia'

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