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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar exposure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Turnbull, D. J., and P. W. Schouten. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 10 (May 23, 2008): 2759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2759-2008.

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Abstract. A personal UV dosimeter that can quantitatively assess high exposure solar UVA exposures has been developed. The chemical polyphenylene oxide has been previously reported on its ability to measure high UVB exposures. This current research has found that polyphenylene oxide, cast in thin film form, is responsive to both the UVA and UVB parts of the solar spectrum. Further to this, the UVB wavelengths were filtered out with the use of mylar. This combined system responded to the UVA wavelengths only and underwent a change in optical absorbance as a result of UVA exposure. Preliminary r

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2

Turnbull, D. J., and P. W. Schouten. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2008): 2129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2129-2008.

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Abstract. Researchers at the University of Southern Queensland have developed a personal UV dosimeter that can quantitatively assess high exposure solar UVA exposures. The chemical polyphenylene oxide has been previously reported on its ability to measure high UVB exposures. This current research has found that polyphenylene oxide, cast in thin film form, is responsive to both the UVA and UVB parts of the solar spectrum. Further to this, the UVB wavelengths were filtered out with the use of mylar. This combined system responded to the UVA wavelengths only and underwent a change in optical abso

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3

Jiwani, Aliya Z., and Louis R. Pasquale. "Exfoliation Syndrome and Solar Exposure." International Ophthalmology Clinics 55, no. 4 (2015): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iio.0000000000000092.

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4

Turnbull, D. J., and A. V. Parisi. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-781-2008.

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Abstract. Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimum erythemal dose (MED), depending on age, would be appropriate to provide adequate vitamin D3 levels. The aim of the study was to determine the exposure times to diffuse solar UV to receive exp

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Turnbull, D. J., and A. V. Parisi. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 11 (June 2, 2008): 2841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2841-2008.

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Abstract. Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimum erythemal dose (MED), depending on age, would be appropriate to provide adequate vitamin D3 levels. The aim of the study was to determine the exposure times to diffuse solar UV to receive exp

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6

El-Swify, M. E., and M. Z. Metias. "Performance of double exposure solar still." Renewable Energy 26, no. 4 (August 2002): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00160-4.

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7

O'Brien, John P. "Vascular Accidents After Actinic (Solar) Exposure." International Journal of Dermatology 26, no. 6 (July 1987): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00562.x.

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8

Diffey, Brian L. "Human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 1, no. 3 (October 2002): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1473-2165.2002.00060.x.

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9

Sayre, R. M., and J. C. Dowdy. "016��Daily non-solar UV exposure." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0781.2002.180208_16.x.

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10

Moore, S. W. "Exposure testing of solar absorber surfaces." Solar Energy Materials 16, no. 5 (November 1987): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(87)90037-2.

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11

Chaudhari, Rujuta, M. Mansoor Ahammed, and Shilpa Dave. "Solar disinfection of natural waters with modified solar concentrators." Water Supply 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.042.

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Solar water disinfection is a proven method for household purification of drinking water. Compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) have been used to enhance the inactivation rate of microorganisms. In the present study, a modified CPC with a higher concentration ratio of 1.1 was employed to further speed up the process. A large number of tests were conducted with water samples collected from different naturally contaminated water sources of varying characteristics under natural sunlight. Results indicated substantial reduction in exposure time for complete inactivation of indicator organisms, tota

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12

Boiano, James M., Sharon R. Silver, Rebecca J. Tsai, Wayne T. Sanderson, Sa Liu, and Lawrence W. Whitehead. "Development of Job Exposure Matrices to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Solar and Artificial Ultraviolet Radiation." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 9 (October 3, 2020): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa076.

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Abstract Objectives Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are important tools for estimating occupational exposures in study populations where only information on industry and occupation (I&O) are available. JEMs The objective of this work was to create JEMs for solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using a US standardized coding scheme. Methods Using U.S. Census Bureau industry and occupation codes, separate lists of I&O pairs were developed for solar and artificial UVR by a panel of Certified Industrial Hygienists who assigned exposure ratings to I&O pairs with potential exposu

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13

Downs, Nathan J., Taryn Axelsen, Alfio V. Parisi, Peter W. Schouten, and Ben R. Dexter. "Measured UV Exposures of Ironman, Sprint and Olympic-Distance Triathlon Competitors." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050440.

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Triathletes present an extreme case of modelled behaviour in outdoor sport that favours enhanced exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. This research presents personal solar ultraviolet exposures, measured using all-weather polysulphone film dosimeters, to triathletes during the distinct swimming, cycling and running stages of competitive Sprint, Olympic and Ironman events conducted within Australia and New Zealand. Measurements of exposure are made for each triathlon stage using film dosimeters fixed at a single site to the headwear of competing triathletes. Exposures are expressed relative

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14

J. Lewis, B., L. G. I. Bennett, A. R. Green, M. J. McCall, B. Ellaschuk, A. Butler, and M. Pierre. "Galactic and Solar Radiation Exposure to Aircrew during a Solar Cycle." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 102, no. 3 (November 1, 2002): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006091.

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15

Johnson, David W., James M. Krall, Ronald H. Delaney, and Larry O. Pochop. "Response of Monocot and Dicot Weed Species to Fresnel Lens Concentrated Solar Radiation." Weed Science 37, no. 6 (November 1989): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072866.

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Fresnel lenses are used to concentrate solar radiation to a line or point. A linear Fresnel lens (0.91 by 1.52 m, 0.74-m focal length, 0.01- by 1.52-m line focus) was investigated as a method for weed control. Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Fresnel lens concentrated solar radiation at various exposure times, stages of plant growth, and soil surface moisture conditions. On a dry soil surface exposure times of 1 to 10 s at 290 C resulted in control of redroot pigweed from 100% for a 1-s exposure at the cotyledon stage to 89% for a 10-s exposure at the 10-leaf stage. Red

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16

Gregory, Paul A., Lawrie J. Rikus, and Jeffrey D. Kepert. "Testing and Diagnosing the Ability of the Bureau of Meteorology’s Numerical Weather Prediction Systems to Support Prediction of Solar Energy Production." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 9 (September 2012): 1577–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-10-05027.1.

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AbstractThe ability of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems to predict solar exposure (or insolation) was tested, with the aim of predicting large-scale solar energy several days in advance. The bureau’s Limited Area Prediction System (LAPS) and Mesoscale Assimilation model (MALAPS) were examined for the 2008 calendar year. Comparisons were made with estimates of solar exposure obtained from satellites for the whole Australian continent, as well as site-based exposure observations taken at eight locations across Australia. Monthly-averaged forecast

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17

Gies, Peter, Colin Roy, Simon Toomey, and David Tomlinson. "Ambient Solar UVR, Personal Exposure and Protection." Journal of Epidemiology 9, no. 6sup (1999): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.9.6sup_115.

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18

Stock, Ricardo Alexandre, Simone Louise Savaris, Erasmo Carlos Rodrigues de Lima Filho, and Elcio Luiz Bonamigo. "Solar retinopathy without abnormal exposure: case report." Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 76, no. 2 (April 2013): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27492013000200012.

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19

Good, Gregory W., and John P. Schoessler. "Chronic solar radiation exposure and endothelial polymegethism." Current Eye Research 7, no. 2 (January 1988): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688808995745.

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20

Arshad, Kutty, Balasundaram Janarthanan, and Sengottain Shanmugan. "Performance of honeycomb double exposure solar still." Desalination and Water Treatment 26, no. 1-3 (February 2011): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.1826.

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21

Koutchmy, Serge. "Serge Koutchmy: Spectacular exposure to solar eclipses." Physics World 14, no. 4 (April 2001): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/14/4/41.

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22

Wong, J. C. F., and A. V. Parisi. "Measurement of UVA Exposure to Solar Radiation." Photochemistry and Photobiology 63, no. 6 (June 1996): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09634.x.

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23

BOMARJR, S., G. FREEMAN, and J. LEFFERDO. "Performance of materials under hyperthermal solar exposure." Energy 12, no. 3-4 (March 1987): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(87)90082-x.

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24

Ahmad Shah, Wan Insaniah Saleha, and Ahmad Fairuz Omar. "Spectroscopy and Light Emitting Diodes Based System in Characterizing External Beam Therapy 3 Films for Solar Ultraviolet Measurement." Photonic Sensors 10, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-019-0565-6.

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Abstract Gafchromic external beam therapy 3 (EBT3) film has widely been used in medical field applications. Principally, the EBT3 film’s color gradually changes from light green to darker color under incremental exposures by ionizing or even non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Peak absorbance of the EBT3 film can be used to predict absorbed doses by the film. However, until today, related researches still rely on spectrometers for color analysis of EBT3 films. Hence, this paper presents a comparative analysis between results produced by the spectrometer and a much simpler light-emitting d

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25

Albarado, Tesia L., William A. Hollerman, David Edwards, Whitney Hubbs, and Charles Semmel. "Electron Exposure Measurements of Candidate Solar Sail Materials." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1823495.

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Solar sailing is a unique form of propulsion where a spacecraft gains momentum from incident photons. Since sails are not limited by reaction mass, they provide continual acceleration, reduced only by the lifetime of the lightweight film in the space environment and the distance to the Sun. Practical solar sails can expand the number of possible missions that are difficult by conventional means. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of ultra lightweight materials for spacecraft propulsion. Solar sa

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26

Hashim, Irfan Danial, Ammar Asyraf Ismail, and Muhammad Arief Azizi. "Solar Tracker." International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0201.60.

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Solar Tracker The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. Conventional solar panel, fixed with a certain angle, limits their area of exposure from the sun due to rotation of the earth. Output of the solar cells depends on the intensity of th

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27

Schmalwieser, Alois W., Giuseppe R. Casale, Alfredo Colosimo, Susanne S. Schmalwieser, and Anna Maria Siani. "Review on Occupational Personal Solar UV Exposure Measurements." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020142.

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During leisure time, people can decide if they want to expose themselves to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and to what extent. While working, people do not have this choice. Outdoor workers are exposed to solar UV radiation (UVR) on a daily basis. This may pose a certain health risk, which can be estimated when the personal solar UVR exposure (PE) is known. During past decades, a variety of studies were conducted to measure PE of outdoor workers and our knowledge of the PE of outdoor workers has increased remarkably. As shown by this review, studies clearly indicate that PE of most outdoor w

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28

Bdliya, Bulus, and Peter Abraham. "Efficacy of Mahogany Bark Aqueous Extracts and Exposure to Solar Heat for Treatment of Potato Tuber Soft Rot Caused by Erwinia Carotovora Ssp. Carotovora." Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0066-5.

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Efficacy of Mahogany Bark Aqueous Extracts and Exposure to Solar Heat for Treatment of Potato Tuber Soft Rot Caused byErwinia CarotovoraSsp.CarotovoraThe efficacy of combining tuber treatment with mahogany bark aqueous extracts and exposure to solar heat for the control of potato tuber soft rot was investigated. Artificially inoculated potato tubers were treated with mahogany bark aqueous extracts and exposed to solar heat for zero, one, two and three hours. The results showed that tuber treatment with the plant extract followed by exposure to solar heat significantly reduced the incidence and

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29

Bodekær, M., P. A. Philipsen, B. Petersen, J. Heydenreich, and H. C. Wulf. "Defining “intermittent UVR exposure”." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 15, no. 9 (2016): 1176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6pp00137h.

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Intermittent UVR exposure has been linked to cutaneous malignant melanoma. In previous studies intermittent UVR exposure has mainly been assessed using retrospective questionnaire data. We introduce a well-defined and objective measure of “intermittent UVR exposure” by use of personal UVR dosimetry. This measure may provide a better prediction of solar skin damage, and CMM than retrospective questionnaire data.

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30

Abdullahi, G., R. Muhamad, O. Dzolkhifli, and U. R. Sinniah. "Efficiency of cardboard solar heater boxes for disinfestations of stored grains against arthropod pest." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.043.

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Abstract. The solar heater box is a modest technology that enables easy collection and retention of solar radiation as heat at levels lethal to stored product arthropod pest inside the box. This study was designed to construct solar heater boxes of appreciable capacities to hold large quantities of grains, assess their heat-trapping efficiency and the influence of beans quantity and exposure time on same. Solar heater boxes of five different sizes were constructed for this study. Their heat-trapping capacity was evaluated by exposure to the sunlight for 5h. The influence of bean quantity and e

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31

Peters, Cheryl E., Elena Pasko, Peter Strahlendorf, Dorothy Linn Holness, and Thomas Tenkate. "Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure among Outdoor Workers in Three Canadian Provinces." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz044.

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AbstractIntroductionSolar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure places outdoor workers at risk of skin cancer and exposure is difficult to control. In response, the Sun Safety at Work Canada (SSAWC) project was undertaken (2014–2016). The purpose of this substudy was to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in the SSAWC project.MethodsThirteen workplaces in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia participated in an exposure monitoring campaign (late summer/early fall 2016). Study participants were workers from power utilities and municipalities. Participant

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32

Blumthaler, M., and W. Ambach. "Human solar ultraviolet radiant exposure in high mountains." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 4 (January 1988): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90012-1.

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33

Floyd, Linton. "Filter responsivity degradation caused by solar UV exposure." Advances in Space Research 23, no. 8 (January 1999): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00298-7.

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34

Muñoz-Pandiella, I., C. Bosch, N. Mérillou, X. Pueyo, and S. Mérillou. "Real-Time Solar Exposure Simulation in Complex Cities." Computer Graphics Forum 36, no. 8 (May 4, 2017): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13152.

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35

Schmalwieser, Alois W., and Anna Maria Siani. "Review on Nonoccupational Personal Solar UV Exposure Measurements." Photochemistry and Photobiology 94, no. 5 (June 28, 2018): 900–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.12946.

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36

Jang, Jae-Kil, and Hyunhee Park. "Workers' Possible Exposure Hazards in Solar Energy Industries." Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 33, no. 5 (October 30, 2013): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2013.33.5.024.

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37

Sansoni, Paola, Daniela Fontani, Franco Francini, David Jafrancesco, Giacomo Pierucci, and Maurizio De Lucia. "Technique for Outdoor Test on Concentrating Photovoltaic Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/308541.

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Outdoor experimentation of solar cells is essential to maximize their performance and to assess utilization requirements and limits. More generally tests with direct exposure to the sun are useful to understand the behavior of components and new materials for solar applications in real working conditions. Insolation and ambient factors are uncontrollable but can be monitored to know the environmental situation of the solar exposure experiment. A parallel characterization of the photocells can be performed in laboratory under controllable and reproducible conditions. A methodology to execute so

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38

Felton, S. J., B. B. Shih, R. E. B. Watson, R. Kift, A. R. Webb, and L. E. Rhodes. "Photoprotection conferred by low level summer sunlight exposures against pro-inflammatory UVR insult." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 19, no. 6 (2020): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00452a.

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Tanning (melanisation and epidermal thickening) is a photoprotective response to solar UVR exposure, but it has been unclear to what degree low-level exposures induce this, or whether this modifies the histological inflammatory response to UVR.

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39

Glanz, Karen, Peter Gies, David L. O'Riordan, Tom Elliott, Eric Nehl, Frances McCarty, and Erica Davis. "Validity of Self-reported Solar UVR Exposure Compared with Objectively Measured UVR Exposure." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 19, no. 12 (October 12, 2010): 3005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0709.

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40

Bryson, K. L., F. Salama, A. Elsaesser, Z. Peeters, A. J. Ricco, B. H. Foing, and Y. Goreva. "First results of the ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS." International Journal of Astrobiology 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550414000597.

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AbstractThe ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R spent 682 days outside the International Space Station, providing continuous exposure to the cosmic-, solar- and trapped-particle radiation background for fourteen samples: 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three fullerenes. The thin films of the ORGANIC experiment received, during space exposure, an irradiation dose of the order of 14 000 MJ m−2 over 2900 h of unshadowed solar illumination. Extensive analyses were performed on the returned samples and the results compared to ground control measurements. Analytical studies of the returned

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41

Hassanain, A. A. "Drying sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in passive solar dryers." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 1 (March 21, 2011): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/14/2010-rae.

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Sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.) were dried in the passive dryers in different times of the year. Different passive solar dryers were used to achieve the socio-economical benefits from drying the medicinal plants growing in Sinai area. Drying sage plants might be a source to increase the Bedouin income instead of cannabis or marijuana, especially if it is exported abroad. Four drying methods were used in this investigation to dry sage in two seasons, namely August 2009 and March 2010 before flowering stage. Plants were dried in an Unglazed transpired passive solar dryer with 100% exposure t

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42

Thomson, Stuart A. J., Stephen C. Hogg, Ifor D. W. Samuel, and David J. Keeble. "Air exposure induced recombination in PTB7:PC71BM solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 41 (2017): 21926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03741d.

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43

Wang, X. D., S. Y. He, and D. Z. Yang. "Low-energy Electron Exposure Effects on the Optical Properties of ZnO/K2SiO3 Thermal Control Coating." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 1766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0261.

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An experimental investigation was undertaken to study low-energy electron exposure effects upon ZnO/K2SiO3 thermal control coating. The specimens were exposed to 10-, 30-, 50-, and 70-keV electrons, respectively. The spectral reflectance of each specimen was measured in situ before and after electron exposures. The solar absorptance was calculated by assuming a Johnson solar spectral irradiance distribution. Electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence measurements were made before and after electron exposures to explain physical changes induced by the electron exposures. All the spec

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44

Tezari, A., P. Paschalis, M. Gerontidou, H. Mavromichalaki, and P. Karaiskos. "Radiation exposure of aircrews due to Space Radiation." HNPS Proceedings 26 (April 1, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1822.

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Space radiation mainly consists of trapped particles inside the Earth’s magnetosphere, galactic and solar cosmic rays. Cosmic rays propagating in the interplanetary medium, reach the top of the Earth’s atmosphere and collide with the molecules of the atmospheric layers creating showers of secondary particles that can be recorded by ground-based neutron monitors or muon detectors. Due to these cascades, the radiation environment in various atmospheric altitudes is entirely different than the one experienced on the Earth’s surface. Space radiation is ionizing (trapped particles, galactic and sol

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45

Krivoruchko, A., K. Drachenko, S. Drachenko, and A. Korol. "Case Report: Solar retinopathy following exposure to reflected sunlight." Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 79, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh201926166.

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46

Y. Al-Saffawi, Abdul-Aziz, and Reem A. Talaat. "Sewage Water Purification Through Direct Exposure to Solar Radiation." Rafidain Journal of Science 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2018.141073.

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47

Gulamova, D. D., D. E. Uskenbaev, Zh Sh Turdiev, Yo K. Toshmurodov, and S. H. Bobokulov. "Synthesis of silicon carbide by exposure to solar radiation." Applied Solar Energy 45, no. 2 (June 2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x09020091.

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48

Li, Yilun, and Li Ma. "Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk." Medicine 99, no. 45 (November 6, 2020): e23105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000023105.

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49

K. G. Gebremedhin, C. N. Lee, P. E. Hillman, and R. J. Collier. "Physiological Responses of Dairy Cows during Extended Solar Exposure." Transactions of the ASABE 53, no. 1 (2010): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29499.

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50

Toner, C. G., S. M. Jefferies, and T. L. Duvall. "Restoration of Long‐Exposure Full‐Disk Solar Intensity Images." Astrophysical Journal 478, no. 2 (April 1997): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303836.

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