Journal articles: 'Solar fuel production'

1

Han, Hongxian, and Can Li. "Photocatalysis in solar fuel production." National Science Review 2, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv016.

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Davenport, Timothy C., Chih-Kai Yang, Christopher J. Kucharczyk, Michael J. Ignatowich, and Sossina M. Haile. "Maximizing fuel production rates in isothermal solar thermochemical fuel production." Applied Energy 183 (December 2016): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.012.

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Randhir, Kelvin, Nathan R. Rhodes, Like Li, Nicholas AuYeung, David W. Hahn, Renwei Mei, and James F. Klausner. "Magnesioferrites for solar thermochemical fuel production." Solar Energy 163 (March 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.12.006.

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Sun, Ke, Shaohua Shen, Yongqi Liang, Paul E. Burrows, Samuel S. Mao, and Deli Wang. "Enabling Silicon for Solar-Fuel Production." Chemical Reviews 114, no. 17 (August 2014): 8662–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300459q.

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Ma, Dongling. "(Invited) Towards Broadband Solar Fuel Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481804mtgabs.

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Combining nanomaterials of different properties into nanohybrids can potentially lead to improved properties/performance or multiple functions. In particular, forming nanomaterials junctions and using plasmons represent two important, promising strategies for realizing broadband photocalysis in strategically important applications such as solar fuels and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in our environments. In this talk, I will present some of our recent work on the rational design and realization of nanohybrid materials as well as their applications in solar fuel and photocatalysis. For instance, the construction of homojunctions of nanoplates made of metal–organic frameworks (MOF) led to broadened light absorption and increased photoactivity. The well-defined MOF homojunction was prepared by a facile one-pot synthesis route directed by hollow transition metal nanoparticles. The homojunction is enabled by two concentric stacked nanoplates with slightly different crystal phases. The enhanced charge separation in the homojunction was visualized by in-situ surface photovoltage microscopy. The as-prepared nanostacks displayed a visible-light-driven carbon dioxide reduction with very high carbon monooxide selectivity, and excellent stability. Another example is about the in situ synthesis of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag-MOM (metal organic matrix) using one-step facile approach. The intimate and stable interface between the AgNPs and Ag-MOM and hot electron transfer from the plasmonic AgNPs to MOM led to highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 generation in aqueous solution, which surpasses most of reported MOF-based photocatalytic systems. This work sheds light on effective electronic and energy bridging between plasmonic NPs and metal organic matrix. Related References: [1] Nature communications, 12, Article number: 1231 (2021); [2] Nature communications, 2022, under revision; [3] Chemistry of Materials, 2021, 33, 695-705; [4] Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 1902486.

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Falter, Christoph, Niklas Scharfenberg, and Antoine Habersetzer. "Geographical Potential of Solar Thermochemical Jet Fuel Production." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040802.

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The solar thermochemical fuel pathway offers the possibility to defossilize the transportation sector by producing renewable fuels that emit significantly less greenhouse gases than conventional fuels over the whole life cycle. Especially for the aviation sector, the availability of renewable liquid hydrocarbon fuels enables climate impact goals to be reached. In this paper, both the geographical potential and life-cycle fuel production costs are analyzed. The assessment of the geographical potential of solar thermochemical fuels excludes areas based on sustainability criteria such as competing land use, protected areas, slope, or shifting sands. On the remaining suitable areas, the production potential surpasses the current global jet fuel demand by a factor of more than fifty, enabling all but one country to cover its own demand. In many cases, a single country can even supply the world demand for jet fuel. A dedicated economic model expresses the life-cycle fuel production costs as a function of the location, taking into account local financial conditions by estimating the national costs of capital. It is found that the lowest production costs are to be expected in Israel, Chile, Spain, and the USA, through a combination of high solar irradiation and low-level capital costs. The thermochemical energy conversion efficiency also has a strong influence on the costs, scaling the size of the solar concentrator. Increasing the efficiency from 15% to 25%, the production costs are reduced by about 20%. In the baseline case, the global jet fuel demand could be covered at costs between 1.58 and 1.83 €/L with production locations in South America, the United States, and the Mediterranean region. The flat progression of the cost-supply curves indicates that production costs remain relatively constant even at very high production volumes.

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Khusnutdinova, D., A. M. Beiler, B. L. Wadsworth, S. I. Jacob, and G. F. Moore. "Metalloporphyrin-modified semiconductors for solar fuel production." Chemical Science 8, no. 1 (2017): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc02664h.

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Yoon, Ji‐Won, Jae‐Hyeok Kim, Changyeon Kim, Ho Won Jang, and Jong‐Heun Lee. "MOF‐Based Hybrids for Solar Fuel Production." Advanced Energy Materials 11, no. 27 (January 15, 2021): 2003052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003052.

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Bassi, Prince Saurabh, Gurudayal, Lydia Helena Wong, and James Barber. "Iron based photoanodes for solar fuel production." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 16, no. 24 (2014): 11834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp55174a.

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Amao, Yutaka, Naho Shuto, Kana Furuno, Asami Obata, Yoshiko Fuchino, Keiko Uemura, Tsutomu Kajino, et al. "Artificial leaf device for solar fuel production." Faraday Discuss. 155 (2012): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1fd00097g.

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Ozalp, Nesrin, Christian Sattler, James F. Klausner, and James E. Miller. "Making Fuel While the Sun Shines." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 01 (January 1, 2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-jan-4.

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This article explores uses of solar energy as a substitute to fossil fuels. Solar energy is usually considered in terms of making electricity; however, it also has the potential to supplant fossil fuels in the production of liquid fuels, and in driving endothermic industrial processes. Solar thermochemical processes are feasible, and a solar power concentration process that harnesses sunlight’s infrared energy is the best suited technology for making solar fuels a reality. Another area in which solar commodity production may have advantages over traditional industrial practice is in the separation of pure metal and oxygen from metal oxides found naturally in many ore deposits. Solar fuels can provide a stable and strategically important energy resource; some may consider them to be the ideal solution for sustainable energy independence. Solar thermochemistry could potentially have the biggest impact in the production of hydrogen-derived fuels which would be capable of replacing those derived from fossil fuels.

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Fukuzumi, Shunichi. "Production of Liquid Solar Fuels and Their Use in Fuel Cells." Joule 1, no. 4 (December 2017): 689–738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.007.

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Zhu, Yisong, Zhenjun Wu, Xiuqiang Xie, and Nan Zhang. "A retrospective on MXene-based composites for solar fuel production." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0704.

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AbstractMXene with two-dimensional layered structure and desirable electronic properties has emerged as a promising candidate to construct MXene-based composites towards various photocatalytic applications. As compared to the downhill-type photodegradation reactions, artificial photosynthesis often involves thermodynamic uphill reactions with a large positive change in Gibbs free energy. Recent years have witnessed the effectiveness of MXene in enhancing the photoactivity of MXene-based composites for solar fuel synthesis. In this review, we mainly focus on the applications of MXene-based composites for photocatalytic solar fuel production. We will start from summarizing the general synthesis of MXene-based composite photocatalysts. Then the recent progress on MXene-based composite photocatalysts for solar fuel synthesis, including water splitting for H2 production, CO2 reduction to solar fuels, and N2 fixation for NH3 synthesis is elucidated. The roles of MXene playing in improving the photoactivity of MXene-based composites in these applications have also been discussed. In the last section, perspectives on the future research directions of MXene-based composites towards the applications of artificial photosynthesis are presented.

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Ben-Arfa, Basam A. E., Stéphane Abanades, Isabel M. Miranda Salvado, José M. F. Ferreira, and Robert C. Pullar. "Robocasting of 3D printed and sintered ceria scaffold structures with hierarchical porosity for solar thermochemical fuel production from the splitting of CO₂." Nanoscale 14, no. 13 (2022): 4994–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr00393g.

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We report the first ever robocast (additive manufacturing/3D printing) sintered ceria scaffolds, and explore their use for the production of renewable fuels via solar thermochemical fuel production using concentrated solar energy.

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Wang, Kailin, Tianqi Wang, Quazi Arif Islam, and Yan Wu. "Layered double hydroxide photocatalysts for solar fuel production." Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, no. 11 (November 2021): 1944–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63861-5.

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Wichmann, Julian, Kyle J. Lauersen, Natascia Biondi, Magnus Christensen, Tiago Guerra, Klaus Hellgardt, Simon Kühner, et al. "Engineering Biocatalytic Solar Fuel Production: The PHOTOFUEL Consortium." Trends in Biotechnology 39, no. 4 (April 2021): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.003.

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Berardi, Serena, Vito Cristino, Carlo Alberto Bignozzi, Silvia Grandi, and Stefano Caramori. "Hematite-based photoelectrochemical interfaces for solar fuel production." Inorganica Chimica Acta 535 (May 2022): 120862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2022.120862.

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Sivula, Kevin. "(Invited) Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production Using Organic Semiconductors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 39 (May 1, 2020): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01391729mtgabs.

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Hou, Wenbo, Zuwei Liu, Wayne Hsuan, Prathamesh Pavaskar, and Stephen B. Cronin. "Plasmon Resonant Enhancement of Photocatalytic Solar Fuel Production." ECS Transactions 41, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3629967.

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Vyas, Vijay S., Vincent Wing-hei Lau, and Bettina V. Lotsch. "Soft Photocatalysis: Organic Polymers for Solar Fuel Production." Chemistry of Materials 28, no. 15 (July 26, 2016): 5191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01894.

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Sivula, Kevin. "A Step toward Economically Viable Solar Fuel Production." Chem 4, no. 11 (November 2018): 2490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.10.015.

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Pellegrin, Yann, and Fabrice Odobel. "Sacrificial electron donor reagents for solar fuel production." Comptes Rendus Chimie 20, no. 3 (March 2017): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2015.11.026.

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Lhermitte, Charles R., and Kevin Sivula. "Alternative Oxidation Reactions for Solar-Driven Fuel Production." ACS Catalysis 9, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 2007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04565.

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Julian, Maya, Nathalie Bassil, and Sofiene Dellagi. "Lebanon’s electricity from fuel to solar energy production." Energy Reports 6 (November 2020): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.061.

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Dolezal, Adam G., Jacob Torres, and Matthew E. O’Neal. "Can Solar Energy Fuel Pollinator Conservation?" Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab041.

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Abstract As the expansion of solar power spreads through much of the United States, members of the solar industry are working to change how solar energy facilities are designed and presented to the public. This includes the addition of habitat to conserve pollinators. We highlight and discuss ongoing efforts to couple solar energy production with pollinator conservation, noting recent legal definitions of these practices. We summarize key studies from the field of ecology, bee conservation, and our experience working with members of the solar industry (e.g., contribution to legislation defining solar pollinator habitat). Several recently published studies that employed similar practices to those proposed for solar developments reveal features that should be replicated and encouraged by the industry. These results suggest the addition of native, perennial flowering vegetation will promote wild bee conservation and more sustainable honey beekeeping. Going forward, there is a need for oversight and future research to avoid the misapplication of this promising but as of yet untested practice of coupling solar energy production with pollinator-friendly habitat. We conclude with best practices for the implementation of these additions to realize conservation and agricultural benefits.

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Haeussler, Anita, Stéphane Abanades, Julien Jouannaux, and Anne Julbe. "Non-Stoichiometric Redox Active Perovskite Materials for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production: A Review." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120611.

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Due to the requirement to develop carbon-free energy, solar energy conversion into chemical energy carriers is a promising solution. Thermochemical fuel production cycles are particularly interesting because they can convert carbon dioxide or water into CO or H2 with concentrated solar energy as a high-temperature process heat source. This process further valorizes and upgrades carbon dioxide into valuable and storable fuels. Development of redox active catalysts is the key challenge for the success of thermochemical cycles for solar-driven H2O and CO2 splitting. Ultimately, the achievement of economically viable solar fuel production relies on increasing the attainable solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency. This necessitates the discovery of novel redox-active and thermally-stable materials able to split H2O and CO2 with both high-fuel productivities and chemical conversion rates. Perovskites have recently emerged as promising reactive materials for this application as they feature high non-stoichiometric oxygen exchange capacities and diffusion rates while maintaining their crystallographic structure during cycling over a wide range of operating conditions and reduction extents. This paper provides an overview of the best performing perovskite formulations considered in recent studies, with special focus on their non-stoichiometry extent, their ability to produce solar fuel with high yield and performance stability, and the different methods developed to study the reaction kinetics.

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Mehrpooya, Mehdi, Bahram Ghorbani, Fazele Karimian Bahnamiri, and Mohammad Marefati. "Solar fuel production by developing an integrated biodiesel production process and solar thermal energy system." Applied Thermal Engineering 167 (February 2020): 114701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114701.

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Haije, Wim, and Hans Geerlings. "Efficient Production of Solar Fuel Using Existing Large Scale Production Technologies." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 20 (October 15, 2011): 8609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203160k.

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Wieckert, C., U. Frommherz, S. Kräupl, E. Guillot, G. Olalde, M. Epstein, S. Santén, T. Osinga, and A. Steinfeld. "A 300kW Solar Chemical Pilot Plant for the Carbothermic Production of Zinc." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (March 29, 2006): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2711471.

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In the framework of the EU-project SOLZINC, a 300-kW solar chemical pilot plant for the production of zinc by carbothermic reduction of ZnO was experimentally demonstrated in a beam-down solar tower concentrating facility of Cassegrain optical configuration. The solar chemical reactor, featuring two cavities, of which the upper one is functioning as the solar absorber and the lower one as the reaction chamber containing a ZnO/C packed bed, was batch-operated in the 1300–1500 K range and yielded 50 kg/h of 95%-purity Zn. The measured energy conversion efficiency, i.e., the ratio of the reaction enthalpy change to the solar power input, was 30%. Zinc finds application as a fuel for Zn/air batteries and fuel cells, and can also react with water to form high-purity hydrogen. In either case, the chemical product is ZnO, which in turn is solar-recycled to Zn. The SOLZINC process provides an efficient thermochemical route for the storage and transportation of solar energy in the form of solar fuels.

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Sousa, Sinval F., Breno L. Souza, Cristiane L. Barros, and Antonio Otavio T. Patrocinio. "Inorganic Photochemistry and Solar Energy Harvesting: Current Developments and Challenges to Solar Fuel Production." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (January 3, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9624092.

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The large and continuous use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source has led to several environmental problems, such as the increase of the greenhouse effect. In order to minimize these problems, attention has been drawn to renewable energy production. Solar energy is an attractive candidate as renewable source due to its abundance and availability. For this, it is necessary to develop devices able to absorb sunlight and convert it into fuels or electricity in a economical, technical and sustainable way. The so-called artificial photosynthesis has called the attention of researchers due to the possibility of using solar photocatalysts in converting water and CO2 into fuels. This manuscript presents a review of the recent developments of hybrid systems based on molecular photocatalysts immobilized on semiconductor surfaces for solar fuel production through water oxidation and CO2 reduction and also discusses the current challenges for the potential application of these photocatalyst systems.

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Kong, Hui, Yong Hao, and Hongsheng Wang. "A solar thermochemical fuel production system integrated with fossil fuel heat recuperation." Applied Thermal Engineering 108 (September 2016): 958–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.03.170.

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32

Puntoriero, Fausto, and Osamu Ishitani. "Metal complexes and inorganic materials for solar fuel production." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 20 (2020): 6529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt90081h.

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Santaclara, J. G., F. Kapteijn, J. Gascon, and M. A. van der Veen. "Understanding metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic solar fuel production." CrystEngComm 19, no. 29 (2017): 4118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce00006e.

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The fascinating chemical and physical properties of MOFs have recently stimulated exploration of their application for photocatalysis. Design guidelines for these materials in photocatalytic solar fuel generation can be developed by applying the right spectroscopic tools.

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Torella, Joseph P., Christopher J. Gagliardi, Janice S. Chen, D. Kwabena Bediako, Brendan Colón, Jeffery C. Way, Pamela A. Silver, and Daniel G. Nocera. "Efficient solar-to-fuels production from a hybrid microbial–water-splitting catalyst system." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 2337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424872112.

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Photovoltaic cells have considerable potential to satisfy future renewable-energy needs, but efficient and scalable methods of storing the intermittent electricity they produce are required for the large-scale implementation of solar energy. Current solar-to-fuels storage cycles based on water splitting produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are attractive fuels in principle but confront practical limitations from the current energy infrastructure that is based on liquid fuels. In this work, we report the development of a scalable, integrated bioelectrochemical system in which the bacterium Ralstonia eutropha is used to efficiently convert CO2, along with H2 and O2 produced from water splitting, into biomass and fusel alcohols. Water-splitting catalysis was performed using catalysts that are made of earth-abundant metals and enable low overpotential water splitting. In this integrated setup, equivalent solar-to-biomass yields of up to 3.2% of the thermodynamic maximum exceed that of most terrestrial plants. Moreover, engineering of R. eutropha enabled production of the fusel alcohol isopropanol at up to 216 mg/L, the highest bioelectrochemical fuel yield yet reported by >300%. This work demonstrates that catalysts of biotic and abiotic origin can be interfaced to achieve challenging chemical energy-to-fuels transformations.

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Andrei, Virgil, Geani M. Ucoski, Chanon Pornrungroj, Chawit Uswachoke, Qian Wang, Demetra S. Achilleos, Hatice Kasap, et al. "Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production." Nature 608, no. 7923 (August 17, 2022): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04978-6.

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Park, Sunghak, Seungwoo Choi, Sungho Kim, and Ki Tae Nam. "Metal Halide Perovskites for Solar Fuel Production and Photoreactions." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 34 (August 24, 2021): 8292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02373.

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37

Sokol, Katarzyna P., and Virgil Andrei. "Automated synthesis and characterization techniques for solar fuel production." Nature Reviews Materials 7, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00432-1.

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Xu, Chenyu, Jianan Hong, Pengfei Sui, Mengnan Zhu, Yanwei Zhang, and Jing-Li Luo. "Standalone Solar Carbon-Based Fuel Production Based on Semiconductors." Cell Reports Physical Science 1, no. 7 (July 2020): 100101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100101.

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Takalkar, G. D., R. R. Bhosale, A. Kumar, F. AlMomani, M. Khraisheh, R. A. Shakoor, and R. B. Gupta. "Transition metal doped ceria for solar thermochemical fuel production." Solar Energy 172 (September 2018): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.022.

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Ermanoski, Ivan. "Cascading pressure thermal reduction for efficient solar fuel production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 25 (August 2014): 13114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.143.

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Tran, Phong D., Lydia H. Wong, James Barber, and Joachim S. C. Loo. "Recent advances in hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuel production." Energy & Environmental Science 5, no. 3 (2012): 5902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee02849b.

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Li, Zhaosheng, Jianyong Feng, Shicheng Yan, and Zhigang Zou. "Solar fuel production: Strategies and new opportunities with nanostructures." Nano Today 10, no. 4 (August 2015): 468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2015.06.001.

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Yano, Junko, Joel A. Haber, John M. Gregoire, Daniel Friebel, Anders Nilsson, and Frances Houle. "JCAP Research on Solar Fuel Production at Light Sources." Synchrotron Radiation News 27, no. 5 (September 3, 2014): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2014.952208.

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Amao, Yutaka. "Solar Fuel Production Based on the Artificial Photosynthesis System." ChemCatChem 3, no. 3 (February 18, 2011): 458–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000293.

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Ermanoski, I. "Maximizing Efficiency in Two-step Solar-thermochemical Fuel Production." Energy Procedia 69 (May 2015): 1731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.141.

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46

Ozalp, Nesrin, Christian Sattler, James F. Klausner, and James E. Miller. "Making Fuel While the Sun Shines." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/10.2014-oct-2.

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This article discusses the potential use of solar energy in various industrial processes. Solar energy is usually considered in terms of making electricity, but it also has the potential to replace fossil fuels in the production of liquid fuels, and in driving endothermic industrial processes. Solar thermochemical processes are feasible, and a solar power concentration process that harnesses sunlight's infrared energy is the best-suited technology for making solar fuels a reality. However, in spite of their appeal, solar thermochemical processes also have the same drawback that direct solar power has: the transient and diurnal nature of sunshine. Fluctuations of available solar radiation – over the course of a day, across different types of weather, and from season to season – present considerable challenges for potential solar-thermal systems. While there are economically affordable and commercially available solutions to some of those problems, substantial research and development is still required.

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Sriramagiri, Gowri M., Nuha Ahmed, Wesley Luc, Kevin Dobson, Steven S. Hegedus, Feng Jiao, and Robert W. Birkmire. "Design and Implementation of High Voltage Photovoltaic Electrolysis System for Solar Fuel Production from CO2." MRS Advances 2, no. 55 (2017): 3359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.446.

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ABSTRACTGrowing interest in the use of CO2 as a feedstock for fuel generation has led to increased interest in solar CO2 electrolysis for renewable fuel generation which has a variety of applications ranging from providing renewable sources for energy-dense carbon fuels, to curbing high-density emissions from power plants, industries and automobiles. The challenges of integrated solar-to-carbon fuel converters, where the photovoltaic (PV) material is immersed in the electrolyte, are well-known: the need for unique PV cell designs; material incompatibility; corrosion; and optical losses. In this paper, a PV-electrolysis system is presented, where a flow-cell electrolyzer is power-matched to a high-performance solar PV module array which has two system design advantages: 1) use of standard PV cells external to the electrolyzer, which allows de-coupling the design, fabrication and operation of the PV system from that of the electrolyzer; and 2) enabling optimization of the PV configuration to maximize power coupling efficiency to the specific electrolyzer Tafel curve, with or without the use of electronic power-conditioning devices. The implemented system resulted in a peak SFE of 6.5%, a competitive solar-to-fuel efficiency (SFE) figure to those reported in literature.

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Abanades, Stéphane. "Redox Cycles, Active Materials, and Reactors Applied to Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production: A Review." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 7061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197061.

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The solar thermochemical two-step splitting of H2O and CO2 based on metal oxide compounds is a promising path for clean and efficient generation of hydrogen and renewable synthetic fuels. The two-step process is based on the endothermic solar thermal reduction of a metal oxide releasing O2 using a high-temperature concentrated solar heat source, followed by the exothermic oxidation of the reduced oxide with H2O and/or CO2 to generate pure H2 and/or CO. This pathway relates to one of the emerging and most promising processes for solar thermochemical fuel production encompassing green H2 and the recycling/valorization of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. It represents an efficient route for solar energy conversion and storage into renewable and dispatchable fuels, by directly converting the whole solar spectrum using heat delivered by concentrating systems. This eliminates the need for photocatalysts or intermediate electricity production, thus bypassing the main limitations of the low-efficient photochemical and electrochemical routes currently seen as the main green methods for solar fuel production. In this context, among the relevant potential redox materials, thermochemical cycles based on volatile and non-volatile metal oxides are particularly attractive. Most redox pairs in two-step cycles proceed with a phase change (solid-to-gas or solid-to-liquid) during the reduction step, which can be avoided by using non-stoichiometric oxides (chiefly, spinel, fluorite, or perovskite-structured materials) through the creation of oxygen vacancies in the lattice. The oxygen sub-stoichiometry determines the oxygen exchange capacity, thus determining the fuel production output per mass of redox-active material. This paper provides an overview of the most advanced cycles involving ZnO/Zn, SnO2/SnO, Fe3O4/FeO, ferrites, ceria, and perovskites redox systems by focusing on their ability to perform H2O and CO2 splitting during two-step thermochemical cycles with high fuel production yields, rapid reaction rates, and performance stability. Furthermore, the possible routes for redox-active material integration and processing in various solar reactor technologies are also described.

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Kumari, Sudesh, R. Turner White, Bijandra Kumar, and Joshua M. Spurgeon. "Solar hydrogen production from seawater vapor electrolysis." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 5 (2016): 1725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03568f.

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Solar photovoltaic utilities require large land areas and also must be coupled to cost-effective energy storage to provide reliable, continuous energy generation. To target both of these disadvantages, a method was demonstrated to produce hydrogen fuel from solar energy by splitting seawater vapor from ambient humidity at near-surface ocean conditions.

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Cheng, Ziming, Ruitian Yu, Fuqiang Wang, Huaxu Liang, Bo Lin, Hao Wang, Shengpeng Hu, Jianyu Tan, Jie Zhu, and Yuying Yan. "Experimental study on the effects of light intensity on energy conversion efficiency of photo-thermo chemical synergetic catalytic water splitting." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170626056z.

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Hydrogen production from water using a catalyst and solar energy was an ideal future fuel source. In this study, an elaborate experimental test rig of hydrogen production from solar water splitting was designed and established with self- controlled temperature system. The effects of light intensity on the reaction rate of hydrogen production from solar water splitting were experimentally investigated with the consideration of optical losses, reaction temperature, and photocatalysts powder cluster. Besides, a revised expression of full-spectrum solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency with the consideration of optical losses was also put forward, which can be more accurate to evaluate the full-spectrum solar-to-hydrogen energy of photo-catalysts powders. The results indicated that optical losses of solar water splitting reactor increased with the increase of the incoming light intensity, and the hydrogen production rate increased linearly with the increase of effective light intensity even at higher light intensity region when the optical losses of solar water splitting reactor were considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar fuel production'

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