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1
Alfi Bahar, Muhammad Yasirroni, Sarjiya, and M. Isnaeni Bambang Setyonegoro. "Photovoltaic Penetration with MILP Method and Technical Minimum Loading Consideration." Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 12, no. 1 (2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v12i1.4531.
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Technological development and the reduction of installation costs have caused a rapid growth of solar power plants in Indonesia. The National Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN) strives to achieve the energy mix of renewable energy to 23% by 2025. Solar power plants are unique in that they only supply their power during the daytime. It makes solar power plants connected to the power system change the load profile of the Java-Bali system. In this study, the penetration of solar power plants changed the scheduling of the Java-Bali system because the penetration was installed to the technical minimum loading of existing power plants. When penetration is too big, thermal generator scheduling failure is possible. Unit commitment and economic dispatch with mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method using CPLEX and Python were carried out to calculate the fuel and generation costs per kWh before and after the penetration. MILP was used to solve the cost fuel equation, namely an integer and nonlinear mix equations, that are challenging to be solved using standar nonlinear programming methods. Due to the use of the MILP-UC, all objective function equations and restraint functions must be linear functions. The tests were conducted for three years, from 2023 to 2025. Simulation results on the Java-Bali system show that the capacity of solar power plants penetrating the Java-Bali system against the peak load will be 52%, 52%, and 50% in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. Meanwhile, penetration of solar power plants to technical minimum loading of existing power plants resulted in the fuel cost falling by 23% in 2023 and 22% in 2024 and 2025. Lastly, the cost of generation per kWh will be decreased by 8% in 2023 and will be as low as 7% in 2024 and 2025.
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Hsieh, Wei Lin, Chia Hung Lin, Chao Shun Chen, Cheng Ting Hsu, Chin Ying Ho, and Hui Jen Chuang. "Optimal Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems in Distribution Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.590.
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The penetration level of a PV system is often limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent power generation. This paper discusses the use of an active power curtailment strategy to reduce PV power injection during peak solar irradiation to prevent voltage violation so that the PV penetration level of a distribution feeder can be increased to fully utilize solar energy. When using the proposed voltage control scheme for limiting PV power injection into the study distribution feeder during high solar irradiation periods, the total power generation and total energy delivered by the PV system over a 1-year period are determined according to the annual duration of solar irradiation. With the proposed voltage control to perform the partial generation rejection of PV systems, the optimal installation capacity of PV systems can be determined by maximizing the net present value of the system so that better cost effectiveness of the PV project and better utilization of solar energy can be obtained.
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Judith, Paolo Justine, and Jeffrey T. Dellosa. "Transient response of a megawatt-scale solar photovoltaic in an electric distribution utility." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 4 (2024): 3739. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3739-3754.
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There is an increasing trend among customers of an electrical distribution utility to adopt grid-tied solar photovoltaic systems. This shift offers multiple benefits to consumers, including lower monthly electricity bills and a contribution to the development of green energy. For the electrical distribution utility, various impacts may arise due to varying levels of solar energy penetration. This study investigates the effects of integrating varying levels of solar photovoltaic penetration into the commercial consumer network of Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light Company (CEPALCO) in the Philippines. Utilizing PowerWorld simulator, the research evaluates 11 different scenarios with solar penetration levels adjusted according to the percentage of load demand. Key findings include alterations in solar megavolt ampere of reactive power output, bus voltage levels, transformer power loading, and transmission line ampacity, with frequency levels remaining stable across scenarios. The optimal solar penetration level was identified at 70%, balancing the benefits of solar energy integration with the need to maintain grid stability and operational limits. This optimal level ensures the effective utilization of renewable energy sources without compromising the performance of CEPALCO’s electrical infrastructure. The research concludes with recommendations for maintaining grid stability and operational limits at the optimal solar penetration limits.
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Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah. "Investigation of Structural Voltage Stability in Tunisian Distribution Networks Integrating Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 13 (2020): 2050259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420502594.
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This research shows a structural voltage stability analysis of a distribution network incorporating large-scale solar photovoltaic power plant. Detailed modeling of the transmission network and photovoltaic systems is presented and a differential-algebraic equations model is developed. The resulting system state and load-flow Jacobian matrix are reorganized according to the type of the bus system in place of the standard injected complex power equations arrangement. The interactions among system buses for loading tests and solar photovoltaic power penetration are structurally scrutinized. Two-bus bifurcations are revealed to be a predecessor to system voltage collapse. The investigation is carried out by using bifurcation diagrams of photovoltaic generation margin, load-flow analysis, short-circuits, photovoltaic farm disconnections and loading conditions. Furthermore, evaluation of voltage stability reveals that the dynamic component of the voltage strongly depends on fault short-circuit capacity of the power system at the bus, where, the solar system is integrated. The overall result, which encompasses the views from the presented transmission network integration studies, is a positive outcome for future grid integration of solar photovoltaic in the Tunisian system. Tunisia’s utilities policies on integration of solar photovoltaic in distribution network is expected to benefit from the results of the presented study. Moreover, given the huge potential and need for solar photovoltaic penetration into the transmission network, the presented comprehensive analysis will be a valuable guide for evaluating and improving the performances of national transmission networks of other countries too.
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Justine, Judith Paolo, and Dellosa Jeffrey T. "Transient response of a megawatt-scale solar photovoltaic in an electric distribution utility." Transient response of a megawatt-scale solar photovoltaic in an electric distribution utility 14, no. 4 (2024): 3739–54. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3739-3754.
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There is an increasing trend among customers of an electrical distribution utility to adopt grid-tied solar photovoltaic systems. This shift offers multiple benefits to consumers, including lower monthly electricity bills and a contribution to the development of green energy. For the electrical distribution utility, various impacts may arise due to varying levels of solar energy penetration. This study investigates the effects of integrating varying levels of solar photovoltaic penetration into the commercial consumer network of Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light Company (CEPALCO) in the Philippines. Utilizing PowerWorld simulator, the research evaluates 11 different scenarios with solar penetration levels adjusted according to the percentage of load demand. Key findings include alterations in solar megavolt ampere of reactive power output, bus voltage levels, transformer power loading, and transmission line ampacity, with frequency levels remaining stable across scenarios. The optimal solar penetration level was identified at 70%, balancing the benefits of solar energy integration with the need to maintain grid stability and operational limits. This optimal level ensures the effective utilization of renewable energy sources without compromising the performance of CEPALCO’s electrical infrastructure. The research concludes with recommendations for maintaining grid stability and operational limits at the optimal solar penetration limits.
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Lim Zhu Aun, Shalom, Marayati Bte Marsadek, and Agileswari K. Ramasamy. "Small Signal Stability Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp553-562.
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This paper primarily focuses on the small signal stability analysis of a power system integrated with solar photovoltaics (PV). The test system used in this study is the IEEE 39-bus. The small signal stability of the test system are investigated in terms of eigenvalue analysis, damped frequency, damping ratio and participation factor. In this study, various conditions are analyzed which include the increase in solar PV penetration into the system and load variation. The results obtained indicate that there is no significant impact of solar PV penetration on the small signal stability of large scaled power system.
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Vossier, A., J. Zeitouny, E. A. Katz, A. Dollet, G. Flamant, and J. M. Gordon. "Performance bounds and perspective for hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal electricity-generation strategies." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 9 (2018): 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00046h.
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Hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/thermal power systems offer the possibility of dispatchable, affordable and efficient solar electricity production – the type of transformative innovation needed for solar cell devices to realize high grid penetration.
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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Chee Mei Ling. "Impact of Photovoltaic Penetration on Medium Voltage Distribution Network." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075613.
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Nowadays, large-scale solar penetration into the grid and the intermittent nature of PV systems are affecting the operation of distribution networks. This paper aims to investigate the effect of PV penetration on a typical medium-voltage distribution network in Malaysia. The main objectives of this study are to investigate voltage stability, power loss, and short circuit under two conditions: peak load and no load. The network is evaluated using two methods: static and dynamic analysis, utilizing the Digsilent Power Factory software. The network comprises two 33/11 kV parallel transformers connected to the 11 kV busbar and consists of 13 feeders and 38 loads. PV penetration of 500 kW per node is added, and the maximum potential PV penetration that is acceptable to connect to the grid is evaluated. The findings indicate that during peak load conditions, some nodes experience violations, but by increasing the PV penetration, the lower violations move up to the acceptable range. The highest power loss is 191 kW, occurring during peak load conditions at 0% PV penetration level. On the other hand, dynamic simulations were carried out with specific load time characteristics, and the results were compared under different PV penetration levels. The dynamic simulation results show that during contingency conditions, there are violations in peak load, and the maximum PV penetration for this study was determined to be 2MW. It is observed that the nodes 27, 28, and 29 violate lower voltage limits even at 100% PV penetrations.
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Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Janaka Ekanayake. "Performance evaluation of PV penetration at different locations in a LV distribution network connected with an off-load tap changing transformer." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 987–93. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp987-993.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a worldwide remarkable growth in recent years. In order to achieve the increasing energy demand, a large number of residential PV units are connected to the low voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, high integration of solar PV could cause negative impacts on distribution grids leading to violations of limits and standards. The voltage rise has been recognized as one of the major implications of increased PV integration, which could significantly restrict the capacity of the distribution network to support higher PV penetration levels. This study addresses the performance of the off-load tap changing transformer under high solar PV penetration and a detailed analysis has been carried out to examine the maximum allowable PV penetration at discrete tap positions of the transformer. The maximum PV penetration has been determined by ensuring that all nodal voltages adhere to grid voltage statutory limits. The simulation results demonstrate that the first two tap positions could be adopted to control the grid voltage under higher PV penetrations thus facilitating further PV influx into the existing network.
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Majeed, Issah Babatunde, and Nnamdi I. Nwulu. "Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239238.
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Modern low-voltage distribution systems necessitate solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. One of the primary concerns with this grid-connected PV system is overloading due to reverse power flow, which degrades the life of distribution transformers. This study investigates transformer overload issues due to reverse power flow in a low-voltage network with high PV penetration. A simulation model of a real urban electricity company in Ghana is investigated against various PV penetration levels by load flows with ETAP software. The impact of reverse power flow on the radial network transformer loadings is examined for high PV penetrations. Using the least squares method, simulation results are modelled in Excel software. Transformer backflow limitations are determined by correlating operating loads with PV penetration. At high PV penetration, the models predict reverse power flow into the transformer. Interpolations from the correlation models show transformer backflow operating limits of 78.04 kVA and 24.77% at the threshold of reverse power flow. These limits correspond to a maximum PV penetration limit of 88.30%. In low-voltage networks with high PV penetration; therefore, planners should consider transformer overload limits caused by reverse power flow, which degrades transformer life. This helps select control schemes near substation transformers to limit reverse power flow.
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Alhussainy, Abdullah Ali, and Thamar Saad Alquthami. "Power quality analysis of a large grid-tied solar photovoltaic system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (2020): 168781402094467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020944670.
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Over the last decades, the deployment of large solar-based photovoltaic power plants has grown tremendously. The undesirable impact of high integration level of photovoltaic systems has led energy stakeholders to regulate such penetration to avoid this negative impact. One major concern with regard to photovoltaic penetration is the issue of power quality. Poor power quality can be a source of system disturbance and major economic losses. However, the power quality analysis is not widely discussed in the literature, with most of the studies focusing on the harmonic issues as potential power quality problem, but this study shows that there are a number of power quality issues, such as undervoltage, overvoltage, power fluctuation, and power factor. This study presents practical approaches to a grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant with associated control circuits developed in the time-domain. The power quality of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant is investigated by an analysis of the inverter output voltage and nominal current for different photovoltaic plant sizes. Also, the effect of different conditions of solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the power quality is analyzed. To identify power quality issues, a photovoltaic plant time-domain model is developed using Power Systems Computer Aided Design software. Various solar photovoltaic plant controls such as maximum power point tracking and modulation signals sinusoidal pulse width modulation and pulse width modulation for direct current-to-direct current boost converter are developed and integrated into the simulation environment. Several case studies are performed taking into account different photovoltaic plant ratings such as 250 kW–3 MW, where the point of common coupling is monitored.
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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Chee Mei Ling. "A Static and Dynamic Analysis of Photovoltaic Penetration into MV Distribution Network." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041172.
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly in power distribution networks. However, their intermittency and integration into distribution networks can have adverse effects. This study investigates the impact of large-scale solar integration into a typical Malaysian power grid network, focusing on voltage stability, short circuits, and power loss under peak and no-load conditions. Using Digsilent Power Factory software, static and dynamic power flow analyses were performed on a network consisting of two 132/11 kV transformers, an 11 kV busbar, and 112 loads served through eight feeders. Solar PV of 100 kW was integrated into each node, and the maximum allowable solar grid connection level was determined. The static results show that there were no violations in no-load conditions at 100 kW PV penetration. However, during peak load, there were violations at 0% PV penetration, but by increasing the level of solar grid connection to 60% (60 kW), the voltage level moves up to the acceptable range. Under contingency conditions, the results show that the minimum level of solar penetration is 80% (80 kW). The highest power loss occurs during peak time and is observed at 0% PV penetration. Feeder 8, the lounge feeder with the highest number of loads, is identified as the main cause of power loss. According to the short circuit analysis in peak and no-load conditions, the system experiences the highest shorts during peak loads. On the other hand, we conducted a dynamic simulation with load characteristics and compared the results for different levels of PV penetration. The results from the dynamic simulations show that lower limit violations occur even at 100% PV penetration for a brief period in all case studies. This study identifies the maximum permissible PV penetration as 125 kW.
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Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Janaka Ekanayake. "Performance evaluation of PV penetration at different locations in a LV distribution network connected with an off-load tap changing transformer." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp987-993.
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<span>Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a worldwide remarkable growth in recent years. In order to achieve the increasing energy demand, a large number of residential PV units are connected to the low voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, high integration of solar PV could cause negative impacts on distribution grids leading to violations of limits and standards. The voltage rise has been recognized as one of the major implications of increased PV integration, which could significantly restrict the capacity of the distribution network to support higher PV penetration levels. This study addresses the performance of the off-load tap changing transformer under high solar PV penetration and a detailed analysis has been carried out to examine the maximum allowable PV penetration at discrete tap positions of the transformer. The maximum PV penetration has been determined by ensuring that all nodal voltages adhere to grid voltage statutory limits. The simulation results demonstrate that the first two tap positions could be adopted to control the grid voltage under higher PV penetrations thus facilitating further PV influx into the existing network.</span>
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Shaahid, Syed. "Economic feasibility of decentralized hybrid photovoltaic-diesel technology in Saudi Arabia: A way forward for sustainable coastal development." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150722281s.
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In view of growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves, many nations are considering use of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel technology as an option for power generation The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has higher level of solar radiation and is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar photovoltaic systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in the Kingdom consume about 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze solar radiation data in city of Yanbu to assess the technoeconomic feasibility of utilizing hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building. The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.90 kWh/m2 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory?s HOMER software has been used in the study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system, composed of 4 kWp photovoltaic system together with 10 kW diesel system, and a battery storage of 3 hours of autonomy (average load), the photovoltaic penetration is 21%. The cost of generating energy from that hybrid system has been found to be 0.180 $/kWh. With use of this hybrid system, about 2 tons per year of carbon emissions can be avoided entering into the local atmosphere. Also, for a given hybrid configuration, the operational time of diesel generators has been found to decrease with increase in photovoltaic capacity. The investigation examines impact of photovoltaic penetration on: carbon emissions, diesel fuel consumption, net present cost, cost of energy, etc.
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Pattanaik, Debasish, Sanhita Mishra, Ganesh Prasad Khuntia, Ritesh Dash, and Sarat Chandra Swain. "An innovative learning approach for solar power forecasting using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (2020): 630–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0073.
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AbstractAnalysing the Output Power of a Solar Photo-voltaic System at the design stage and at the same time predicting the performance of solar PV System under different weather condition is a primary work i.e. to be carried out before any installation. Due to large penetration of solar Photovoltaic system into the traditional grid and increase in the construction of smart grid, now it is required to inject a very clean and economic power into the grid so that grid disturbance can be avoided. The level of solar Power that can be generated by a solar photovoltaic system depends upon the environment in which it is operated and two other important factor like the amount of solar insolation and temperature. As these two factors are intermittent in nature hence forecasting the output of solar photovoltaic system is the most difficult work. In this paper a comparative analysis of different solar photovoltaic forecasting method were presented. A MATLAB Simulink model based on Real time data which were collected from Odisha (20.9517∘N, 85.0985∘E), India. were used in the model for forecasting performance of solar photovoltaic system.
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Kim, Youngil, Manef Bourogaoui, Azeddine Houari, and Hyeok Kim. "Comprehensive Approach to Mitigating Solar Photovoltaic Power Penetration Effects in a Microgrid." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3568263.
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High solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration in the electrical grid can result in undesired effects on the voltage quality, leading to line loss and voltage magnitude increases. One of the main criteria to ensure the safe penetration of high-power solar systems in the main grid is maintaining an acceptable voltage magnitude when a disturbance occurs (e.g., 0.95 and 1.05 per unit) with respect to total installed power generation capacity of PV power plants. This manuscript analyzes the effects of high solar PV penetration per unit of voltage stability using the Fast Voltage Stability Index and total power loss. Moreover, we investigate the flexibility benefits of coordinated voltage control based on a smart inverter of solar PV capacitor banks (SI-CBs) under five cases in a typical microgrid (MG) test model. For the test of the SI-CBs, MG modeling is developed on a modified IEEE 123 test feeder, which includes 11 building load solar PVs with smart inverters and capacitor banks with real-time data from an area in Los Angeles, California, USA. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using a real-time MATLAB interface to the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS).
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Li, Yahui, Yuanyuan Sun, Kejun Li, Jingru Zhuang, Yongliang Liang, and Yanqing Pang. "Analysis and Suppression of Voltage Violation and Fluctuation with Distributed Photovoltaic Integration." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (2021): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101894.
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In recent years, the violation and fluctuation of system voltage has occurred with greater frequency with the integration of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic generation. In this paper, the voltage violation and fluctuation in a high-penetration distributed photovoltaic integrated system is analyzed, and then a corresponding suppression strategy is proposed. Firstly, based on solar cell and photovoltaic control system models, the influence factors of photovoltaic output are analyzed. Secondly, the voltage violation and fluctuation caused by photovoltaic integration is analyzed, and the quadratic parabola relationship between bus voltage fluctuation and photovoltaic power variation is constructed. Next, according to the virtual synchronous generator characteristic of distributed photovoltaics, a double-hierarchical suppression strategy is proposed to make full use of reactive power regulation capability, which can maintain the symmetry of power supply while meeting standard requirements. The proposed strategy can conveniently realize quick response and support the photovoltaic extensive access. Moreover, with the employment of the proposal, the system voltage violation and fluctuation can be suppressed effectively. Finally, considering the photovoltaic access location, capacity, and partial shading, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified in IEEE 33-bus distribution system with field measured data. After distributed photovoltaic accesses the system, more than 60% of buses appear to have undergone bus voltage violation. With the proposed method, more than 20% of the voltage deviation and more than 6% of the voltage fluctuation are effectively suppressed so that the system voltage can be kept below 1.07 p.u. and the voltage fluctuation can be kept within 4%, meeting the requirements of power quality standards.
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Guerra, Omar J., Jiazi Zhang, Joshua Eichman, Paul Denholm, Jennifer Kurtz, and Bri-Mathias Hodge. "The value of seasonal energy storage technologies for the integration of wind and solar power." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 7 (2020): 1909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee00771d.
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Mohammadi, Ashkan, and Saman Hosseini Hemati. "High Penetration PV in Distribution Networks, Design and Control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 2 (2016): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp238-248.
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<p>Global warming is a direct consequence of consumption of fossil fuels which emit greenhouse gasses as they produce energy. Solar energy is the most available energy throughout the world in which regardless of capital investment is free and most importantly clean and emission free and could be a solution for global warming along with other renewable sources of energy. But as photovoltaic energy is becoming widespread and penetration level of photovoltaic power plants increase, several issues rise in distribution networks. In this paper, a high penetration photovoltaic power plant is designed and issues associated with it are thoroughly discussed. Voltage rise and cloud passage effect are amongst the most challenging issues in design and implementation of a high penetration photovoltaic power plant in distribution networks. Transient effects of cloud passage could lead to unacceptably low voltage in Point of Common Coupling and maximum penetration level must be set according to these issues. An efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and a DC link voltage control scheme are also presented. Simulations have been done in Matlab/Simulink environment.</p>
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Dellosa, Jeffrey Tamba. "Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 5, no. 3 (2016): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185.
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The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185
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Kamil, K., M. I. Kamaruddin, H. Hashim, K. H. Chong, and M. H. Mansor. "Voltage Stability Analysis on Transmission Grid Interconnected to Solar Photovoltaic." Future Energy and Environment Letters 2, no. 1 (2025): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.37934/feel.2.1.3343.
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Humans depend on electricity, which is also a major contributor to a nation's economic development and to fulfill the needs, a reliable power system is very important. In achieving carbon free electricity, many countries started to implement utility scale solar photovoltaic (PV) into the transmission level. However, due to the ‘must take’ characteristics of solar PV output, it brings technical challenges and have a significant impact on system stability. Voltage stability is the ability of a power system network to maintain its reliable operation based on the safety operation across all network buses both during normal operation and during contingencies. The impact of solar PV energy as a source of network disturbance is the main issue of this study. Voltage Stability Indices (VSI) is used to identify the system's weakest point and the voltage stability for each line is measured using Line Stability Factor (LQP). All the simulation works is done using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and the IEEE 30-bus is used as the test system. The results present the impact of each solar PV penetration to the voltage stability and show the impact of solar PV penetration to the thermal loading percentage.
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Koti Reddy, B., and Amit Kumar Singh. "Impact assessment of simultaneous operation of photovoltaic and cogeneration power plants on industrial distribution system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp649-660.
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<p>Industries with co-generation plants face unprecedented problems due to penetration of renewable energy systems such as solar power on their existing distribution networks. These problems are caused by intermittent solar power. To this end, this paper provides a detailed investigation of the effects due to sudden changes in solar power on an existing industrial distribution network connected to co-generation plants. Moreover, the case studies in this work consider simultaneous operation of a large industry having co-generation captive power plant and large scale solar photovoltaic power plant. The real-time field data for the past three years are used to check the performance of solar photovoltaic power plant, load management, power quality and other concerning issues on the distribution network. In addition to the real-time data, the simulations were performed for the solar power output under different solar irradiance conditions. Moreover, these simulations are used to assess photovoltaic integration effects on a distribution system having a co-generation captive power plant. Finally, this paper put forward photovoltaic integration guidelines to industries and policymakers interested to carry out the integration studies in the future.</p>
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Reddy, B. Koti, and Amit Kumar Singh. "Impact assessment of simultaneous operation of photovoltaic and cogeneration power plants on industrial distribution system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 649–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp649-660.
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Industries with co-generation plants face unprecedented problems due to penetration of renewable energy systems such as solar power on their existing distribution networks. These problems are caused by intermittent solar power. To this end, this paper provides a detailed investigation of the effects due to sudden changes in solar power on an existing industrial distribution network connected to co-generation plants. Moreover, the case studies in this work consider simultaneous operation of a large industry having co-generation captive power plant and large scale solar photovoltaic power plant. The real-time field data for the past three years are used to check the performance of solar photovoltaic power plant, load management, power quality and other concerning issues on the distribution network. In addition to the real-time data, the simulations were performed for the solar power output under different solar irradiance conditions. Moreover, these simulations are used to assess photovoltaic integration effects on a distribution system having a co-generation captive power plant. Finally, this paper put forward photovoltaic integration guidelines to industries and policymakers interested to carry out the integration studies in the future.
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Zambrano, Telly Yarita Macías, Yoan Pablo Rodríguez Monier, Jean Telmo Mendoza Mera, Carmen Magdalena Mero Alcivar, Anita dolores zambrano Valencia, and Douglas José Giler Loor. "Environmental impact of photovoltaic solar technology." International journal of life sciences 5, no. 1 (2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v5n1.1137.
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The work presents an analysis linked to one of the environmentally sustainable energy alternatives that are currently being adopted with success Worldwide. Putting the field research method into practice, the results of a study related to an application of technological innovation are shown to reduce the amount of the electricity bill of a local teacher, through the introduction of photovoltaic technology connected to the low grid. Institution tension. The results of the load study and hourly energy consumption of said entity are shown and its own methodology is deployed for the technological design of a photovoltaic plant connected to the grid, which can avoid the energy consumption of the conventional grid, reducing the amount of the institution's electricity bill, at the same time that it is possible to reduce losses, improve the quality of electricity service and reduce COemissions2 into the atmosphere. The environmental and social impacts associated with the penetration of photovoltaic technology are exposed.
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Hsieh, Shih Chieh, Chao Shun Chen, Chia Hung Lin, Wei Lin Hsieh, and Cheng Ting Hsu. "Determination of Maximum PV Integration Capacity for Distribution System." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1300.
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This paper is aimed to determine the maximum penetration levels of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution feeders to fully utilize the solar energy for a cleaner environment by taking into account the mutual coupling effect between phase conductors. The equivalent circuit models for distribution line segments including the grounding effect and the mutual coupling between phase conductors and the grounded neutral line are applied in the computer simulation. A practical Taipower distribution feeder is selected for system analysis to study the maximum PV penetration with the proposed precise modelling of the feeder network.
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Muhammad, Adil Khan, Naeem Arbab Muhammad, and Huma Zainab. "Voltage Profile and Stability Analysis for High Penetration Solar Photovoltaics." International Journal of Engineering Works (ISSN: 2409-2770) 5, no. 5 (2018): 109–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1252381.
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The enormous amount of energy from sun has led to a rapid growth of the use of Solar Photovoltaic power. The solar PV power can be used in stand-alone, grid connected, and hybrid configurations. Grid connected solar PV power plants are huge and are increasing rapidly because of the diminishing of conventional fossil fuels’ resources for power generation. The solar PV power plants are connected to existing power system at transmission and distribution levels. This solar PV power integration is likely to have impacts on the power system. The steady state impacts of integrating solar PV power were studied on an IEEE 9 Bus test system. Impacts on voltage levels and profile, voltage drop, voltage stability, line losses and loading of the system were studied. A comparative analysis of system without solar PV power, with PV power and different levels of penetration of solar PV power was done with the aid of a power system software namely ETAP. The study revealed that the integration of solar PV power improves the voltage levels and drops and voltage stability. However, the increase in level of penetration beyond a certain point had negative impacts on the power system i.e. worsening of voltage profile, increase of losses which can also lead the system to become unstable. From this the hosting capacity (limit to which maximum power can be penetrated) of the system is determined.
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Niu, Yitong, Ahmed Mohammed Merza, Suhad Ibraheem Kadhem, Jamal Fadhil Tawfeq, Poh Soon JosephNg, and Hassan Muwafaq Gheni. "Evaluation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on Monte Carlo method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4401-4411.
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<span lang="EN-US">The application of wind-photovoltaic complementary power generation systems is becoming more and more widespread, but its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics may have a certain impact on the system's reliability. To better evaluate the reliability of stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators, a reliability assessment model for stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators was developed based on the analysis of the impact of wind and photovoltaic generator outages and derating on reliability. A sequential Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate the impact of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) turbine, wind/photovoltaic complementary system, the randomness of wind turbine/photovoltaic outage status and penetration rate on the reliability of Independent photovoltaic power generation system (IPPS) under the reliability test system (RBTS). The results show that this reliability assessment method can provide some reference for planning the actual IPP system with wind and complementary solar systems.</span>
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Yitong, Niu, Mohammed Merza Ahmed, Ibraheem Kadhem Suhad, Fadhil Tawfeq Jamal, Soon JosephNg Poh, and Muwafaq Gheni Hassan. "Evaluation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on Monte Carlo method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 4401–11. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4401-4411.
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The application of wind-photovoltaic complementary power generation systems is becoming more and more widespread, but its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics may have a certain impact on the system's reliability. To better evaluate the reliability of stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators, a reliability assessment model for stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators was developed based on the analysis of the impact of wind and photovoltaic generator outages and derating on reliability. A sequential Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate the impact of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) turbine, wind/photovoltaic complementary system, the randomness of wind turbine/photovoltaic outage status and penetration rate on the reliability of Independent photovoltaic power generation system (IPPS) under the reliability test system (RBTS). The results show that this reliability assessment method can provide some reference for planning the actual IPP system with wind and complementary solar systems.
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Shimomukai, Ken, Haruka Maeda, Zahirah binti Muhammad Azman, Sandro Sitompul, and Goro Fujita. "Volt-Var Control for Utility-Scale Solar PV Plants to Downsize SVCs and Curtailment Effects." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 05, no. 03 (2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2303026.
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One way to increase solar photovoltaic penetration in the grid is the management of voltage fluctuations. This is because a photovoltaic plant cannot be interconnected to the grid if it causes voltage violations. Voltage violation is where voltage exceeds the acceptable range. Often, grid operators request photovoltaic plant owners to regulate voltage sufficiently with expensive and space-consuming static Var compensators. Unfortunately, this sometimes makes the project less feasible. This paper argues that there are better ways to regulate voltage. It also asserts that these ways must be sought before blindly procuring a static Var compensator or seeking battery storage. We simulated with a 70-MW photovoltaic plant as an addition to the grid. Without voltage regulation, voltage violations in Spring were found to be particularly significant. However, the proposed reactive power compensation removed all voltage violations smartly. Furthermore, the study results demonstrated that the operator-induced curtailment effectively reduced the necessary amount of reactive power compensation, leading to a smaller size of SVC, as it occurred specifically at certain overvoltage points. This paper argues that the economic and spatial efficiency of reactive power compensation devices is key to increasing photovoltaic penetration. It argues that one-sided bearing of the cost of reactive compensation devices is inefficient.
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Martinez Buitrago, Jenyfeer Andrea, Edilaine Venancio Camillo, and Roque Pedace. "Solar PV diffusion in Argentina: policy implications for a high penetration scenario until 2030." Qualitas Revista Eletrônica 17, no. 2 (2016): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18391/req.v17i2.3078.
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This paper aims at proposing a methodological approach to identify the minimal contents for a future solar photovoltaic (PV) roadmap in Argentina, focusing on the actions required to reach a high penetration scenario until 2030. Argentina has been facing energy supply shortages caused by a combination of increasing in energy demand and government inability to meet the additional demand on time with the available resources (mainly fossil fuels). Although versatile and scalable, Solar PV technology has been receiving low incentives from Argentinean government. Two literature’s perspectives - the functional perspective of technological innovation systems and prospective studies (mainly normative scenarios and roadmaps as a planning tool) – were applied to set the proposed high penetration scenario up to 2030. Stakeholders and expert’s visions, global path of technology and a local prospective study made by local experts in 2012 were used to validate the proposed scenario. As main results, a way to build a future solar photovoltaic scenario in urban and suburban areas is described; minimal contents that can orient a local roadmap construction are defined, and the necessary improvements of solar PV framework in Argentina (both regulatory and promotion aspects) are pointed out.
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Davidsson Kurland, Simon, and Sally M. Benson. "The energetic implications of introducing lithium-ion batteries into distributed photovoltaic systems." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 5 (2019): 1182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00127a.
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Rai, Bhimla, Sangay Choezom, Karma, Tenzin Jamtsho, and Namgay Tenzin. "Voltage Stability Analysis of SPV And WECS Integrated into the Western Grid of Bhutan." Zorig Melong | A Technical Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (2021): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.17102/zmv5.i1.004.
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Global warming has become an increasingly significant concern today because of the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. This concern has arisen interests of researchers and power generating companies to venture into renewables. Among all the renewables, solar and wind are two of the most promising resources today. However, unpredictable nature of solar and wind power still remains a challenge while integrating to the grid. In addition, integration of solar photovoltaic (SPV) system and wind energy conversion system (WECS) introduces instability in the voltage profile. This paper discusses on voltage stability issues of the western grid of Bhutan with integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) as a case study by performing Load flow analysis to examine voltage profile at varying penetration levels. Also, the paper presents an analysis on transformer loading, line loading and grid losses to understand grid’s withstanding capabilities at higher penetration level. The behavior of the grid at every penetration level is observed and the results of voltage stability analysis showed an improved voltage profile of the grid when integrated with solar PV and WECS. However, higher penetration of both solar PV and WECS resulted in violation in bus voltages of the network and overloading of number of transformers and lines above 20% penetration level.
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Das, Madhumita, and Ratan Mandal. "Effect of photovoltaic energy penetration on photovoltaic-wind hybrid renewable energy system." Nanomaterials and Energy 12, no. 3 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.23.00052.
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India is a tropical country that gets a significant amount of solar irradiation that is suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The country is also endowed with wind energy in its large coastal areas. India is an agro-economic country that has a growing need for irrigation. Utilization of hybrid renewable energy for the agricultural needs of the country would be a step towards a sustainable future. For the environmental conditions of Haldia, a standalone Photovoltaic-Wind-Lead Acid Battery hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) was developed to cater to the need of agricultural activities. The investigation is conducted for the impact of PV penetration on the system’s wind energy capacity, battery capacity, capacity shortage, net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), PV and wind energy percentage, and surplus energy produced. The optimization is based on the assumption that the HRES has no unmet load and the lowest COE. The research provides a range of Wind energy capacity for the location with no unmet loads. The research discovers the site’s ideal HRES with a COE of 0.312 $ per kWh. This study may help farmers by boosting their reliance on power from renewable energy sources and decreasing their dependency on grid power for agricultural activities.
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Okedu, Kenneth E., and Ahmed Al Abri. "Effects of Solar Photovoltaic Penetration on the Behavior of Grid-Connected Loads." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9579437.
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Recently, the authority for electricity regulations in Oman introduced a new regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. One of the main concerns is how the penetration of the grid-connected PV systems would affect the Mazoon Electricity Company’s (MZEC) load behavior, especially at peak times. This paper presents the behavior of grid-connected loads considering the MZEC, which is one of the power distribution companies in Oman. The Al Bashir primary substation load distribution network was used as a case study. The MZEC peak load pattern was considered with respect to solar PV connection regulations in Oman. Furthermore, the various timings for electricity billing and the expected incentives were also used in evaluating the economical benefits of integrating the solar PV systems into the power grid. Data were collected for two years for the feeder and distribution transformers in the power grid. The export and import average power generation within the period of the study were also investigated. The behavior of the grid loads was investigated before and after installing the PV systems. The variables of the average power, load import, and export for different periods were used to evaluate the system performance. The obtained results reflect that with proper synchronization of the solar PV systems in the power grid, the maximum load of the primary substation decreased from 80% to 40%, considerably saving cost. Consequently, more consumers could be fed with the excess solar power, with less distribution transformers in the power grid.
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Gupta, Santosh Kumar, Ashish Ranjan, Dhananjay Kumar, et al. "Assessment of photovoltaic generation penetration effect on the maximum loadability of the system." Engineering Research Express 6, no. 1 (2024): 015312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad2d4a.
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Abstract This paper proposed a method to investigate the effect of increasing PV penetration on the voltage stability of an IEEE 14-bus test system considering maximum PV penetration and system loadability limit. The critical bus of the test system has been decided based on nose curve analysis. The solar PV system is deployed with the most critical bus of the system. The effect of increasing PV penetration on the improvement in the loading capacity of various power system components like transmission lines, transmission line transformers, and generators is investigated over the adopted test system. Based on solar PV penetration up to 100 MW, the maximum loadability limit of the IEEE 14-bus test system increases, as shown by the results. Bus 14 is found to be the most severe bus of the test system using the continuation power flow (CPF) method. However, in some cases, overloading situations develop after a certain limit of PV penetration in the power system. In this condition, the overloading of the power system equipment is improved by the use of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) at bus number 14, a double circuit line in the critical line (9–14), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) in the most severe line (9–14) in the system. The maximum loadability of the system gets maximum enhanced from 4.0349 p.u. to 4.5602 p.u. under simultaneous use of solar PV generation, SSSC, and STATCOM at the most critical bus and in most severe line of the system. As evidence, the enhancement in maximum loadability of the system found using the proposed method has been also compared with the existing research. The maximum system loadability has been also enhanced under normal and (N-1) contingency conditions by the use of PV penetration in the system. PSAT/MATLAB software is used for simulation and maximum loadability has been investigated by continuation power flow (CPF) method.
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Bragagnolo, Julio A., Kurt Taretto, and Christian Navntoft. "Solar Energy in Argentina." Solar 2, no. 2 (2022): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2020008.
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There is a large gap between the vast solar resources and the magnitude of solar energy deployment in Argentina. In the case of photovoltaics, the country only reached the 1000 GWh electricity generated yearly landmark in 2020. Solar thermal technology is even less developed, in part due to the low natural gas prices resulting from political strategies that aim to soften the impact of an unstable economy on family budgets. This review describes this gap by summarizing the current state of Argentine solar energy. We summarize the fundamental legal and strategic tools which are available for solar energy deployment, survey the penetration of solar energy into the country’s energy landscape, identify national contributions to the local value chain, and review past and present research and development achievements. Both photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies show a historical fluctuation between local technology development and imported technology and know-how. Finally, a discussion on the main ingredients required to abridge Argentina’s solar gap indicates that stronger, consistent long-term strategies are required in Argentina in order to take advantage of the present window of opportunity, and to play a considerable role in the global energy transition.
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Afonaa-Mensah, Stephen, Qian Wang, and Benjamin B. Uzoejinwa. "Investigation of Daytime Peak Loads to Improve the Power Generation Costs of Solar-Integrated Power Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5986874.
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Improving daytime loads can mitigate some of the challenges posed by solar variations in solar-integrated power systems. Thus, this simulation study investigated the different levels of daytime peak loads under varying solar penetration conditions in solar-integrated power systems to improve power generation cost performance based on different load profiles and to mitigate the challenges encountered due to solar variation. The daytime peak loads during solar photovoltaic generation hours were determined by measuring the solar load correlation coefficients between each load profile and the solar irradiation, and the generation costs were determined using a dynamic economic dispatch method with particle swarm optimization in a MATLAB environment. The results revealed that the lowest generation costs were generally associated with load profiles that had low solar load correlation coefficients. Conversely, the load profile with the highest positive solar load correlation coefficient exhibited the highest generation costs, which were mainly associated with violations of the supply-demand balance requirement. However, this profile also exhibited the lowest generation costs at high levels of solar penetration. This result indicates that improving daytime load management could improve generation costs under high solar penetration conditions. However, if the generation system lacks sufficient ramping capability, this technique could pose operational challenges that adversely impact power generation costs.
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Albadi, M. "SOLAR PV POWER INTERMITTENCY AND ITS IMPACTS ON POWER SYSTEMS – AN OVERVIEW." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 2 (2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss2pp142-150.
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Although solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are environmentally friendly, policy makers and power system operators have concerns regarding the high penetration of these systems due to potential impacts of solar power intermittency on power systems. Understanding the nature of this intermittency is important to make informed decisions regarding solar power plants, size and location, transmission and distribution systems planning, as well as thermal generation units and electricity markets operations. This article presents a review of solar PV power characteristics and its impacts on power system operation.
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Akeyo, Oluwaseun M., Aron Patrick, and Dan M. Ionel. "Study of Renewable Energy Penetration on a Benchmark Generation and Transmission System." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010169.
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Significant changes in conventional generator operation and transmission system planning will be required to accommodate increasing solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. There is a limit to the maximum amount of solar that can be connected in a service area without the need for significant upgrades to the existing generation and transmission infrastructure. This study proposes a framework for analyzing the impact of increasing solar penetration on generation and transmission networks while considering the responses of conventional generators to changes in solar PV output power. Contrary to traditional approaches in which it is assumed that generation can always match demand, this framework employs a detailed minute-to-minute (M-M) dispatch model capable of capturing the impact of renewable intermittency and estimating the over- and under-generation dispatch scenarios due to solar volatility and surplus generation. The impact of high solar PV penetration was evaluated on a modified benchmark model, which includes generators with defined characteristics including unit ramp rates, heat rates, operation cost curves, and minimum and maximum generation limits. The PV hosting capacity, defined as the maximum solar PV penetration the system can support without substantial generation imbalances, transmission bus voltage, or thermal violation was estimated for the example transmission circuit considered. The results of the study indicate that increasing solar penetration may lead to a substantial increase in generation imbalances and the maximum solar PV system that can be connected to a transmission circuit varies based on the point of interconnection, load, and the connected generator specifications and responses.
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Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora, Hang Le Thi Thuy, Manh-Hai Pham, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, Ninh Nguyen Quang, and Salvatore Favuzza. "Review of Potential and Actual Penetration of Solar Power in Vietnam." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102529.
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With the average solar radiation reaching up to 5 kWh/m2, Vietnam is considered as a country showing an excellent potential for solar power production. Since the year 2000, there have been a lot of studies about the potential of this source in Vietnam. So far, many applications of solar power have been implemented on small, medium, and large scales. In fact, the total capacity of current grid-connected solar power plants has exceeded the planned capacity by 2020 nearly 6 times. However, the studies of solar potential in Vietnam are still incomplete. The policies and mechanisms for developing solar power projects have received attention from the authorities but have not been really satisfactory. The infrastructure is still poor and the power system does not keep up with the development of modern grids. This paper reviewed the potential and actual implementation stage of photovoltaic projects in Vietnam. Moreover, the barriers and challenges of institution, technique, economy, and finance have been considered explicitly for the future development of solar energy in Vietnam.
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Chang, Wen Yeau. "Comparison of Three Short Term Photovoltaic System Power Generation Forecasting Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.585.
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An accurate forecasting method for solar power generation of the photovoltaic (PV) system is urgent needed under the relevant issues associated with the high penetration of solar power in the electricity system. This paper presents a comparison of three forecasting approaches on short term solar power generation of PV system. Three forecasting methods, namely, persistence method, back propagation neural network method, and radial basis function (RBF) neural network method, are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of three methods, the methods are tested on the practical information of solar power generation of a PV system. The performance is evaluated based on two indexes, namely, maximum absolute percent error and mean absolute percent error.
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Zolkifr, Nur Izzati, Chin Kim Gan, and Meysam Shamsiri. "Performance analysis of malaysian low voltage distribution network under different solar variability days." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1152-1160.
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<span>The widespread of Photovoltaic (PV) systems as one of the distributed generation technologies could have profound impact on the distribution networks operation, particularly on network losses and network voltages fluctuations. This is mainly caused by the high PV penetrations coupled with high solar variability in the countries with large cloud cover. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on the impact of residential grid-connected PV system by utilizing a typical low voltage (LV) network in Malaysia under various solar variability days. In this study, there are three scenarios; where, each scenario were performed with different levels of PV penetration and five different solar variability days. The impacts of PV system allocation in different scenarios and various solar variability days are assessed in term of voltage unbalance and network losses. The results propose that Scenario 1: randomly allocation of PV systems across the LV network has the lowest voltage unbalance and network losses especially during overcast day</span>
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Nur, Izzati Zolkifri, Kim Gan Chin, and Shamsiri Meysam. "Performance analysis of Malaysian low voltage distribution network under different solar variability days." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 13 (2019): 1152–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1152-1160.
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The widespread of Photovoltaic (PV) systems as one of the distributed generation technologies could have profound impact on the distribution networks operation, particularly on network losses and network voltages fluctuations. This is mainly caused by the high PV penetrations coupled with high solar variability in the countries with large cloud cover. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on the impact of residential gridconnected PV system by utilizing a typical low voltage (LV) network in Malaysia under various solar variability days. In this study, there are three scenarios; where, each scenario were performed with different levels of PV penetration and five different solar variability days. The impacts of PV system allocation in different scenarios and various solar variability days are assessed in term of voltage unbalance and network losses. The results propose that Scenario 1: randomly allocation of PV systems across the LV network has the lowest voltage unbalance and network losses especially during overcast day.
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Dmitriev, Ivan, Artem Kochergin, Sergey Yakovlev, Vladimir Levitskii, Alexey Abramov, and Eugenii Terukov. "Encapsulation of solar cells in a transparent polymer composite material." Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 9, no. 2 (2024): 110–21. https://doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2024.02.pp.110-121.
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Lightweight photovoltaic modules are becoming increasingly popular in many technical applications. This study proposes an approach to the production of a glass-filled prepreg encapsulant for solar cells lamination. Lamination of solar cells strings can result in the creation of a transparent and mechanically strong protective composite material. Prototypes of composite photovoltaic modules with high-efficiency HJT solar cells connected using electroconductive adhesive technology were fabricated. The climatic resistance of the obtained samples was estimated. It was found that composite modules pass successfully thermal cycling, UV exposure and hail tests. Damp heat test has revealed increased degradation. Degradation caused by moisture penetration initiates corrosion processes in the layers of transparent conductive oxide ITO or contact metallization mesh. The use of composite polymer material makes it possible to reduce the weight of photovoltaic modules due to the use of sheet glass in their design while maintaining an acceptable level of their climatic resistance.
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Ariyadi, Surya Budi, and Widodo Wahyu Purwanto. "Development Strategies for Grid-Connected Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic to Increase Renewable Energy Penetration." CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development 7, no. 3 (2024): 478–95. https://doi.org/10.7454/jid.v7.i3.1164.
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The government of Indonesia has launched programs to decarbonize its power systems by replacing fossil fuel-based plants with renewable energy. Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment faces economic and technical barriers despite abundant solar irradiance. This study evaluates techno-economic strategies for 10 MW grid-connected solar PV systems, comparing two scenarios: without Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and with BESS to reduce grid reliance. Key interventions were analyzed for their economic impacts, including tariff adjustments, carbon tax implementation, and competitive auction schemes. The results show that without BESS, the project achieves an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.30%, making it highly feasible. However, including BESS lowers the IRR to 5.89% due to higher costs. Combining carbon tax and tariff adjustments improves feasibility, achieving a Profitability Index (PI) of 1.00 and an IRR of 14.74%. Competitive auctions further lower costs, enhancing the feasibility of BESS projects. While solar PV without BESS is economically viable, risks of capital cost increases require attention. For BESS projects, policy interventions such as auctions and incentives are essential. This study highlights strategic measures to accelerate solar PV adoption in Indonesia, providing insights for policymakers and investors to scale up renewable energy deployment effectively.
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Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah, Osama Ali Zemi, Lina Alhmoud, and Muhammad Umar Malik. "Modeling, Integration and Simulation of the Photovoltaic Power Plant Considering LVRT Capability and Transient Voltage Stability." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (December 31, 2023): 340–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.35.
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This paper investigates how high photovoltaic energy penetration impacts dynamic performance and voltage regulation of the modified IEEE-9 bus grid. The transmission power system was modeled and simulated using PSCAD-EMTDC software to conduct the study. Load flow analysis is implemented to explore the power system’s capability to incorporate the desired photovoltaic power. Moreover, the study is based on time response simulations to grid disturbances. The supply and control of reactive power from solar power generation plants are becoming critical issues to study because they can facilitate the integration of PV in power grids under different operating conditions. Network-related faults like a PV solar power plant event outage, a three-phase short-circuit at a conventional bus, and a voltage dip at the PV solar power plant have been considered. The results will help identify the protective devices and strategies needed to maintain the stability and reliability of the system operation and transient analysis of the network under external power network fault and recovery operation. Thus, it has practical significance for real utility studies. Moreover, this comprehensive study will be a valuable guide for assessing and improving the grid’s performance under the study of any other grids, which also gives the vast potential and need for solar energy penetration into the grid systems.
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Tambunan, Handrea Bernando, Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam, Iswan Prahastono, et al. "The Challenges and Opportunities of Renewable Energy Source (RES) Penetration in Indonesia: Case Study of Java-Bali Power System." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225903.
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Nowadays, the integration of renewable energy sources, especially grid-connected photovoltaic, into electrical power systems, is increasing dramatically. There are several stimulants especially in the Java-Bali power system, including huge solar potential, a national renewable energy (RE) target, regulation support for prosumers, photovoltaic technology development, and multi-year power system planning. However, significant annual photovoltaic penetration can lead to critical issues, including a drop of netload during the day, ramping capability, and minimal load operation for thermal power plants. This study analyses the duck curve phenomenon in the Java-Bali power system that considers high shares of the baseload power plant and specific scenarios in photovoltaic (PV) penetration and electricity demand growth. This study also analyses future netload, need for fast ramping rate capability, and oversupply issues in the Java-Bali power system. The results showed that the duck curve phenomenon appears with a significant netload drop in the middle of the day because of high power generation from grid-connected PV. Furthermore, the need for fast ramp rate capability is critical for a higher peak load combined with the lowest netload valley. Moreover, the significant load growth with high grid-connected PV penetration level caused unit commitment issues for thermal power plants as baseload operators.
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Uddin, Ashraf, Mushfika Upama, Haimang Yi, and Leiping Duan. "Encapsulation of Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review." Coatings 9, no. 2 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020065.
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Photovoltaic is one of the promising renewable sources of power to meet the future challenge of energy need. Organic and perovskite thin film solar cells are an emerging cost-effective photovoltaic technology because of low-cost manufacturing processing and their light weight. The main barrier of commercial use of organic and perovskite solar cells is the poor stability of devices. Encapsulation of these photovoltaic devices is one of the best ways to address this stability issue and enhance the device lifetime by employing materials and structures that possess high barrier performance for oxygen and moisture. The aim of this review paper is to find different encapsulation materials and techniques for perovskite and organic solar cells according to the present understanding of reliability issues. It discusses the available encapsulate materials and their utility in limiting chemicals, such as water vapour and oxygen penetration. It also covers the mechanisms of mechanical degradation within the individual layers and solar cell as a whole, and possible obstacles to their application in both organic and perovskite solar cells. The contemporary understanding of these degradation mechanisms, their interplay, and their initiating factors (both internal and external) are also discussed.
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Lau, Cheiw Yun, Chin Kim Gan, Chin Ho Tie, Kyairul Azmi Baharin, and Mohamad Fani Sulaima. "Passing-Cloud Effects of Solar Photovoltaic System on Distribution Network Voltages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.551.
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The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme has prompted an increasing number of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in Malaysia. As a consequence, the network issues related to the PV systems integration need to be properly addressed. This includes the effect of solar irradiance intermittency which is caused by the passing-clouds. In this regard, this paper investigates the effect of passing-cloud on a standard IEEE 4 node test feeder, focusing on short term voltage drop analysis. Actual five-minute interval PV generation data in Melaka, Malaysia was used in the analysis. The network was analyzed by using the well-knownOpenDSStool. The network voltage impact of different PV penetration levels were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days. The results show that temporal voltage drop could occur on the network when there is a sudden drop of PV generation driven by passing-cloud. The percentage of voltage drop recorded was observed to be proportionate to the increment of PV penetration levels.
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Irfan, Khan, and Uddin Ahmad Ameen. "Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 6 (2017): 1276–80. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5743.
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Solar energy is a vital untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their low efficiency and high capital cost. The efficiency of solar PV is very low. In order to increase the efficiency, Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT techniques are to be undertaken to match the source and load property. These techniques are employed in PV systems to make full utilization of PV array output power. Recently, many MPPT algorithms of PV system have been proposed which depends on solar irradiation and temperature, but perturb and observe PandO and Incremental conductance algorithms are basic and most widely used. This project firstly introduces a Mat lab Simulink of photovoltaic array. To achieve the maximum power point tracking the Incremental Conductance method and perturb and observed PandO method are used. These two algorithms are employed with PV model along with converter in Mat lab Simulink. Three different converter boost, buck boost and cuk converter are design according to requirement and used. Few comparisons such as voltage, current and power output for each different combination have been recorded. Irfan Khan | Ameen Uddin Ahmad "Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5743.pdf