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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar PV penetration'
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1
Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Janaka Ekanayake. "Performance evaluation of PV penetration at different locations in a LV distribution network connected with an off-load tap changing transformer." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 987–93. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp987-993.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a worldwide remarkable growth in recent years. In order to achieve the increasing energy demand, a large number of residential PV units are connected to the low voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, high integration of solar PV could cause negative impacts on distribution grids leading to violations of limits and standards. The voltage rise has been recognized as one of the major implications of increased PV integration, which could significantly restrict the capacity of the distribution network to support higher PV penetration levels. This study addresses the performance of the off-load tap changing transformer under high solar PV penetration and a detailed analysis has been carried out to examine the maximum allowable PV penetration at discrete tap positions of the transformer. The maximum PV penetration has been determined by ensuring that all nodal voltages adhere to grid voltage statutory limits. The simulation results demonstrate that the first two tap positions could be adopted to control the grid voltage under higher PV penetrations thus facilitating further PV influx into the existing network.
2
Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Janaka Ekanayake. "Performance evaluation of PV penetration at different locations in a LV distribution network connected with an off-load tap changing transformer." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp987-993.
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<span>Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a worldwide remarkable growth in recent years. In order to achieve the increasing energy demand, a large number of residential PV units are connected to the low voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, high integration of solar PV could cause negative impacts on distribution grids leading to violations of limits and standards. The voltage rise has been recognized as one of the major implications of increased PV integration, which could significantly restrict the capacity of the distribution network to support higher PV penetration levels. This study addresses the performance of the off-load tap changing transformer under high solar PV penetration and a detailed analysis has been carried out to examine the maximum allowable PV penetration at discrete tap positions of the transformer. The maximum PV penetration has been determined by ensuring that all nodal voltages adhere to grid voltage statutory limits. The simulation results demonstrate that the first two tap positions could be adopted to control the grid voltage under higher PV penetrations thus facilitating further PV influx into the existing network.</span>
3
Majeed, Issah Babatunde, and Nnamdi I. Nwulu. "Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239238.
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Modern low-voltage distribution systems necessitate solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. One of the primary concerns with this grid-connected PV system is overloading due to reverse power flow, which degrades the life of distribution transformers. This study investigates transformer overload issues due to reverse power flow in a low-voltage network with high PV penetration. A simulation model of a real urban electricity company in Ghana is investigated against various PV penetration levels by load flows with ETAP software. The impact of reverse power flow on the radial network transformer loadings is examined for high PV penetrations. Using the least squares method, simulation results are modelled in Excel software. Transformer backflow limitations are determined by correlating operating loads with PV penetration. At high PV penetration, the models predict reverse power flow into the transformer. Interpolations from the correlation models show transformer backflow operating limits of 78.04 kVA and 24.77% at the threshold of reverse power flow. These limits correspond to a maximum PV penetration limit of 88.30%. In low-voltage networks with high PV penetration; therefore, planners should consider transformer overload limits caused by reverse power flow, which degrades transformer life. This helps select control schemes near substation transformers to limit reverse power flow.
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Hsieh, Wei Lin, Chia Hung Lin, Chao Shun Chen, Cheng Ting Hsu, Chin Ying Ho, and Hui Jen Chuang. "Optimal Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems in Distribution Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.590.
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The penetration level of a PV system is often limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent power generation. This paper discusses the use of an active power curtailment strategy to reduce PV power injection during peak solar irradiation to prevent voltage violation so that the PV penetration level of a distribution feeder can be increased to fully utilize solar energy. When using the proposed voltage control scheme for limiting PV power injection into the study distribution feeder during high solar irradiation periods, the total power generation and total energy delivered by the PV system over a 1-year period are determined according to the annual duration of solar irradiation. With the proposed voltage control to perform the partial generation rejection of PV systems, the optimal installation capacity of PV systems can be determined by maximizing the net present value of the system so that better cost effectiveness of the PV project and better utilization of solar energy can be obtained.
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Muhammad, Adil Khan, Naeem Arbab Muhammad, and Huma Zainab. "Voltage Profile and Stability Analysis for High Penetration Solar Photovoltaics." International Journal of Engineering Works (ISSN: 2409-2770) 5, no. 5 (2018): 109–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1252381.
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The enormous amount of energy from sun has led to a rapid growth of the use of Solar Photovoltaic power. The solar PV power can be used in stand-alone, grid connected, and hybrid configurations. Grid connected solar PV power plants are huge and are increasing rapidly because of the diminishing of conventional fossil fuels’ resources for power generation. The solar PV power plants are connected to existing power system at transmission and distribution levels. This solar PV power integration is likely to have impacts on the power system. The steady state impacts of integrating solar PV power were studied on an IEEE 9 Bus test system. Impacts on voltage levels and profile, voltage drop, voltage stability, line losses and loading of the system were studied. A comparative analysis of system without solar PV power, with PV power and different levels of penetration of solar PV power was done with the aid of a power system software namely ETAP. The study revealed that the integration of solar PV power improves the voltage levels and drops and voltage stability. However, the increase in level of penetration beyond a certain point had negative impacts on the power system i.e. worsening of voltage profile, increase of losses which can also lead the system to become unstable. From this the hosting capacity (limit to which maximum power can be penetrated) of the system is determined.
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Akeyo, Oluwaseun M., Aron Patrick, and Dan M. Ionel. "Study of Renewable Energy Penetration on a Benchmark Generation and Transmission System." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010169.
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Significant changes in conventional generator operation and transmission system planning will be required to accommodate increasing solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. There is a limit to the maximum amount of solar that can be connected in a service area without the need for significant upgrades to the existing generation and transmission infrastructure. This study proposes a framework for analyzing the impact of increasing solar penetration on generation and transmission networks while considering the responses of conventional generators to changes in solar PV output power. Contrary to traditional approaches in which it is assumed that generation can always match demand, this framework employs a detailed minute-to-minute (M-M) dispatch model capable of capturing the impact of renewable intermittency and estimating the over- and under-generation dispatch scenarios due to solar volatility and surplus generation. The impact of high solar PV penetration was evaluated on a modified benchmark model, which includes generators with defined characteristics including unit ramp rates, heat rates, operation cost curves, and minimum and maximum generation limits. The PV hosting capacity, defined as the maximum solar PV penetration the system can support without substantial generation imbalances, transmission bus voltage, or thermal violation was estimated for the example transmission circuit considered. The results of the study indicate that increasing solar penetration may lead to a substantial increase in generation imbalances and the maximum solar PV system that can be connected to a transmission circuit varies based on the point of interconnection, load, and the connected generator specifications and responses.
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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Chee Mei Ling. "A Static and Dynamic Analysis of Photovoltaic Penetration into MV Distribution Network." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041172.
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly in power distribution networks. However, their intermittency and integration into distribution networks can have adverse effects. This study investigates the impact of large-scale solar integration into a typical Malaysian power grid network, focusing on voltage stability, short circuits, and power loss under peak and no-load conditions. Using Digsilent Power Factory software, static and dynamic power flow analyses were performed on a network consisting of two 132/11 kV transformers, an 11 kV busbar, and 112 loads served through eight feeders. Solar PV of 100 kW was integrated into each node, and the maximum allowable solar grid connection level was determined. The static results show that there were no violations in no-load conditions at 100 kW PV penetration. However, during peak load, there were violations at 0% PV penetration, but by increasing the level of solar grid connection to 60% (60 kW), the voltage level moves up to the acceptable range. Under contingency conditions, the results show that the minimum level of solar penetration is 80% (80 kW). The highest power loss occurs during peak time and is observed at 0% PV penetration. Feeder 8, the lounge feeder with the highest number of loads, is identified as the main cause of power loss. According to the short circuit analysis in peak and no-load conditions, the system experiences the highest shorts during peak loads. On the other hand, we conducted a dynamic simulation with load characteristics and compared the results for different levels of PV penetration. The results from the dynamic simulations show that lower limit violations occur even at 100% PV penetration for a brief period in all case studies. This study identifies the maximum permissible PV penetration as 125 kW.
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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Chee Mei Ling. "Impact of Photovoltaic Penetration on Medium Voltage Distribution Network." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075613.
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Nowadays, large-scale solar penetration into the grid and the intermittent nature of PV systems are affecting the operation of distribution networks. This paper aims to investigate the effect of PV penetration on a typical medium-voltage distribution network in Malaysia. The main objectives of this study are to investigate voltage stability, power loss, and short circuit under two conditions: peak load and no load. The network is evaluated using two methods: static and dynamic analysis, utilizing the Digsilent Power Factory software. The network comprises two 33/11 kV parallel transformers connected to the 11 kV busbar and consists of 13 feeders and 38 loads. PV penetration of 500 kW per node is added, and the maximum potential PV penetration that is acceptable to connect to the grid is evaluated. The findings indicate that during peak load conditions, some nodes experience violations, but by increasing the PV penetration, the lower violations move up to the acceptable range. The highest power loss is 191 kW, occurring during peak load conditions at 0% PV penetration level. On the other hand, dynamic simulations were carried out with specific load time characteristics, and the results were compared under different PV penetration levels. The dynamic simulation results show that during contingency conditions, there are violations in peak load, and the maximum PV penetration for this study was determined to be 2MW. It is observed that the nodes 27, 28, and 29 violate lower voltage limits even at 100% PV penetrations.
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Zolkifr, Nur Izzati, Chin Kim Gan, and Meysam Shamsiri. "Performance analysis of malaysian low voltage distribution network under different solar variability days." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1152-1160.
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<span>The widespread of Photovoltaic (PV) systems as one of the distributed generation technologies could have profound impact on the distribution networks operation, particularly on network losses and network voltages fluctuations. This is mainly caused by the high PV penetrations coupled with high solar variability in the countries with large cloud cover. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on the impact of residential grid-connected PV system by utilizing a typical low voltage (LV) network in Malaysia under various solar variability days. In this study, there are three scenarios; where, each scenario were performed with different levels of PV penetration and five different solar variability days. The impacts of PV system allocation in different scenarios and various solar variability days are assessed in term of voltage unbalance and network losses. The results propose that Scenario 1: randomly allocation of PV systems across the LV network has the lowest voltage unbalance and network losses especially during overcast day</span>
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Nur, Izzati Zolkifri, Kim Gan Chin, and Shamsiri Meysam. "Performance analysis of Malaysian low voltage distribution network under different solar variability days." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 13 (2019): 1152–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1152-1160.
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The widespread of Photovoltaic (PV) systems as one of the distributed generation technologies could have profound impact on the distribution networks operation, particularly on network losses and network voltages fluctuations. This is mainly caused by the high PV penetrations coupled with high solar variability in the countries with large cloud cover. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on the impact of residential gridconnected PV system by utilizing a typical low voltage (LV) network in Malaysia under various solar variability days. In this study, there are three scenarios; where, each scenario were performed with different levels of PV penetration and five different solar variability days. The impacts of PV system allocation in different scenarios and various solar variability days are assessed in term of voltage unbalance and network losses. The results propose that Scenario 1: randomly allocation of PV systems across the LV network has the lowest voltage unbalance and network losses especially during overcast day.
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Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Shangari K. Raveendran, and M. Reyasudin Basir Khan. "Monte Carlo analysis for solar PV impact assessment in MV distribution networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp23-31.
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The rapid penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks has imposed various implications on network operations. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the stochastic nature of PV generation and load demand to address the operational challenges in future PV-rich distribution networks. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based probabilistic framework for assessing the impact of PV penetration on medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. The uncertainties associated with PV installation capacity and its location, as well as the time-varying nature of PV generation and load demand were considered for the implementation of the probabilistic framework. A case study was performed for a typical MV distribution network in Malaysia, demonstrating the effectiveness of Monte Carlo analysis in evaluating the potential PV impacts in the future. A total of 1000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to accurately identify the influence of PV penetration on voltage profiles and network losses. Besides, several key metrics were used to quantify the technical performance of the distribution network. The results revealed that the worst repercussion of high solar PV penetration on typical Malaysian MV distribution networks is the violation of the upper voltage statutory limit, which is likely to occur beyond 70% penetration level.
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Almeida, Dilini, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Shangari K. Raveendran, and M. Reyasudin Basir Khan. "Monte Carlo analysis for solar PV impact assessment in MV distribution networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp23-31.
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The rapid penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks has imposed various implications on network operations. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the stochastic nature of PV generation and load demand to address the operational challenges in future PV-rich distribution networks. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based probabilistic framework for assessing the impact of PV penetration on medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. The uncertainties associated with PV installation capacity and its location, as well as the time-varying nature of PV generation and load demand were considered for the implementation of the probabilistic framework. A case study was performed for a typical MV distribution network in Malaysia, demonstrating the effectiveness of Monte Carlo analysis in evaluating the potential PV impacts in the future. A total of 1000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to accurately identify the influence of PV penetration on voltage profiles and network losses. Besides, several key metrics were used to quantify the technical performance of the distribution network. The results revealed that the worst repercussion of high solar PV penetration on typical Malaysian MV distribution networks is the violation of the upper voltage statutory limit, which is likely to occur beyond 70% penetration level.
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Lim Zhu Aun, Shalom, Marayati Bte Marsadek, and Agileswari K. Ramasamy. "Small Signal Stability Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp553-562.
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This paper primarily focuses on the small signal stability analysis of a power system integrated with solar photovoltaics (PV). The test system used in this study is the IEEE 39-bus. The small signal stability of the test system are investigated in terms of eigenvalue analysis, damped frequency, damping ratio and participation factor. In this study, various conditions are analyzed which include the increase in solar PV penetration into the system and load variation. The results obtained indicate that there is no significant impact of solar PV penetration on the small signal stability of large scaled power system.
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Kim, Youngil, Manef Bourogaoui, Azeddine Houari, and Hyeok Kim. "Comprehensive Approach to Mitigating Solar Photovoltaic Power Penetration Effects in a Microgrid." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3568263.
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High solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration in the electrical grid can result in undesired effects on the voltage quality, leading to line loss and voltage magnitude increases. One of the main criteria to ensure the safe penetration of high-power solar systems in the main grid is maintaining an acceptable voltage magnitude when a disturbance occurs (e.g., 0.95 and 1.05 per unit) with respect to total installed power generation capacity of PV power plants. This manuscript analyzes the effects of high solar PV penetration per unit of voltage stability using the Fast Voltage Stability Index and total power loss. Moreover, we investigate the flexibility benefits of coordinated voltage control based on a smart inverter of solar PV capacitor banks (SI-CBs) under five cases in a typical microgrid (MG) test model. For the test of the SI-CBs, MG modeling is developed on a modified IEEE 123 test feeder, which includes 11 building load solar PVs with smart inverters and capacitor banks with real-time data from an area in Los Angeles, California, USA. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using a real-time MATLAB interface to the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS).
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Mkoi, Paulina, Peter Makolo, and Francis Mwasilu. "Synthetic Inertia Provision for Load Frequency Control in Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 44, no. 1 (2024): 245–56. https://doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v44i1.1201.
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The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy has become a promising solution as the world shifts toward clean energy. Solar PV and wind resources are increasingly replacing conventional synchronous generators, leading to reduced system inertia and increased vulnerability to frequency instability during disturbances. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel synthetic inertia provision strategy using a battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated alongside solar PV. The proposed method dynamically compensates for the loss of inertia by considering the variability of solar PV output due to changes in irradiance and temperature. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly improves system stability, with a reduction in the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) by up to 86.6% and an improvement in frequency nadir by 0.91% under high PV penetration scenarios. These results confirm that incorporating synthetic inertia via BESS enhances the frequency response and resilience of low-inertia power systems with high renewable penetration.
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Ahsan, Syed Muhammad, Hassan Abbas Khan, Akhtar Hussain, Sarmad Tariq, and Nauman Ahmad Zaffar. "Harmonic Analysis of Grid-Connected Solar PV Systems with Nonlinear Household Loads in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073709.
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Grid-connected rooftop and ground-mounted solar photovoltaics (PV) systems have gained attraction globally in recent years due to (a) reduced PV module prices, (b) maturing inverter technology, and (c) incentives through feed-in tariff (FiT) or net metering. The large penetration of grid-connected PVs coupled with nonlinear loads and bidirectional power flows impacts grid voltage levels and total harmonic distortion (THD) at the low-voltage (LV) distribution feeder. In this study, LV power quality issues with significant nonlinear loads were evaluated at the point of common coupling (PCC). Various cases of PV penetration (0 to 100%) were evaluated for practical feeder data in a weak grid environment and tested at the radial modified IEEE-34 bus system to evaluate total harmonic distortion in the current (THDi) and voltage (THDv) at PCC along with the seasonal variations. Results showed lower active, reactive, and apparent power losses of 1.9, 2.6, and 3.3%, respectively, with 50% solar PV penetration in the LV network as the voltage profile of the LV network was significantly improved compared to the base case of no solar. Further, with 50% PV penetration, THDi and THDv at PCC were noted as 10.2 and 5.2%, respectively, which is within the IEEE benchmarks at LV.
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Bouramdane, Ayat-allah, Alexis Tantet, and Philippe Drobinski. "Utility-Scale PV-Battery versus CSP-Thermal Storage in Morocco: Storage and Cost Effect under Penetration Scenarios." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154675.
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In this study, we examine how Battery Storage (BES) and Thermal Storage (TES) combined with solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies with an increased storage duration and rental cost together with diversification would influence the Moroccan mix and to what extent the variability (i.e., adequacy risk) can be reduced; this is done using recent (2013) cost data and under various penetration scenarios. To do this, we use MERRA-2 climate reanalysis to simulate hourly demand and capacity factors (CFs) of wind, solar PV and CSP without and with increasing storage capabilities—as defined by the CSP Solar Multiple (SM) and PV Inverter Loading Ratio (ILR). We adjust these time series to observations for the four Moroccan electrical zones over the year 2018. Our objective is to maximize the renewable (RE) penetration and minimize the imbalances between RE production and consumption considering three optimization strategies. We analyze mixes along Pareto fronts using the Mean-Variance Portfolio approach—implemented in the E4CLIM model—in which we add a maximum-cost constraint to take into account the different rental costs of wind, PV and CSP. We propose a method to calculate the rental cost of storage and production technologies taking into account the constraints on storage associated with the increase of SM and ILR in the added PV-BES and CSP-TES modules, keeping the mean solar CFs fixed. We perform some load bands-reduction diagnostics to assess the reliability benefits provided by each RE technology. We find that, at low penetrations, the maximum-cost budget is not reached because a small capacity is needed. The higher the ILR for PV, the larger the share of PV in the mix compared to wind and CSP without storage is removed completely. Between PV-BES and CSP-TES, the latter is preferred as it has larger storage capacity and thus stronger impact in reducing the adequacy risk. As additional BES are installed, more than TES, PV-BES is favored. At high penetrations, optimal mixes are impacted by cost, the more so as CSP (resp., PV) with high SM (resp., ILR) are installed. Wind is preferably installed due to its high mean CF compared to cost, followed by either PV-BES or CSP/CSP-TES. Scenarios without or with medium storage capacity favor CSP/CSP-TES, while high storage duration scenarios are dominated by low-cost PV-BES. However, scenarios ignoring the storage cost and constraints provide more weight to PV-BES whatever the penetration level. We also show that significant reduction of RE variability can only be achieved through geographical diversification. Technological complementarity may only help to reduce the variance when PV and CSP are both installed without or with a small amount of storage. However, the diversification effect is slightly smaller when the SM and ILR are increased and the covariances are reduced as well since mixes become less diversified.
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Sharew, Estifanos Abeje, Habtemariam Aberie Kefale, and Yalew Gebru Werkie. "Power Quality and Performance Analysis of Grid-Connected Solar PV System Based on Recent Grid Integration Requirements." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4281768.
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The electrical energy demand is steadily growing, and hence, the integration of photovoltaic system to the distribution networks is also dramatically increasing though it has a significant effect on the network’s power quality. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of solar PV integration on the power quality of distribution networks. The study is conducted using ETAP software, taking one of the radial distribution networks available in Bahir Dar city during the peak of connected loads which has the least voltage profile. Furthermore, the optimal location of the PV in the network is done using particle swarm optimization. Accordingly, the appropriate location of the PV system is determined to be the farthest end bus (bus 34). Also, the impact in terms of voltage and current harmonic distortion on the distribution feeder network is comparatively discussed by comparing the distribution system parameters with different penetration levels of solar PV system. The simulation results obtained demonstrate that high harmonic distortion level is injected correspondingly as the penetration capacity of PV system increased which indicates that the solar PV system should be integrating only up to a maximum possible capacity the network can carry. The integration of the PV system beyond this maximum penetration level causes production of high harmonic distortion which adversely affects the system performance. At the maximum penetration level which allows the acceptable harmonic distortion limit, the total voltage harmonic distortion and current demand distortion are found to be 4.97% and 14.98%, respectively.
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Lekshmi J, Dhanuja, Zakir Hussain Rather, and Bikash C. Pal. "A New Tool to Assess Maximum Permissible Solar PV Penetration in a Power System." Energies 14, no. 24 (2021): 8529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248529.
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With diminishing fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental concerns, large-scale deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has accelerated the transition towards clean energy systems, leading to significant RES generation share in power systems worldwide. Among different RES, solar PV is receiving major focus as it is most abundant in nature compared to others, complimented by falling prices of PV technology. However, variable, intermittent and non-synchronous nature of PV power generation technology introduces several technical challenges, ranging from short-term issues, such as low inertia, frequency stability, voltage stability and small signal stability, to long-term issues, such as unit commitment and scheduling issues. Therefore, such technical issues often limit the amount of non-synchronous instantaneous power that can be securely accommodated by a grid. In this backdrop, this research work proposes a tool to estimate maximum PV penetration level that a given power system can securely accommodate for a given unit commitment interval. The proposed tool will consider voltage and frequency while estimating maximum PV power penetration of a system. The tool will be useful to a system operator in assessing grid stability and security under a given generation mix, network topology and PV penetration level. Besides estimating maximum PV penetration, the proposed tool provides useful inputs to the system operator which will allow the operator to take necessary actions to handle high PV penetration in a secure and stable manner.
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Chen, Chao Shun, Shih Chieh Hsieh, Cheng Ting Hsu, Chia Hung Lin, and Cheng Ta Tsai. "Unit Commitment of Distribution Main Transformers Considering PV Penetration." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.527.
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This paper presents the unit commitment of main transformers to meet the service reliability criterion in distribution substations by considering the growth of photovoltaic (PV) installation with the probabilistic power generation in the service area. The historical data of solar irradiation over one year period are collected to derive the annual duration curve of solar energy to derive the probabilistic distribution of PV power generation. All PV power systems of each study year are considered as an equivalent virtual main transformer with probabilistic capacity. By the integration of probabilistic PV power generation model and the risk model of main transformer outage, the loss of load expectation (LOLE) of the distribution substation is analyzed according to the annual growth of customer loading and PV penetration level. When the LOLE is less than the service reliability criterion, one new unit of main transformer has to be added to improve system reliability.
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Hossain, MD Shouquat, Naseer Abboodi Madlool, Ali Wadi Al-Fatlawi, and Mamdouh El Haj Assad. "High Penetration of Solar Photovoltaic Structure on the Grid System Disruption: An Overview of Technology Advancement." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021174.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is distinct from conventional power generation systems. It is vital to comprehend the effect of an expanded control system on solar PV generation. This article discusses the advancement made to the module, which is critical to PV and electric power systems, to achieve a high PV penetration in the smart grid system. The first zone initiates the solar power energizing transformation, which transfers a controlled energy load to a grid system. The descriptive subsections consider the accessibility of electronic inverters, solar PV energies, and grid concepts, as well as their realizability. As a result, a case study was considered, where various scientists around the world participated, discussion ensued, and future suggestions were made. Finally, practical conclusions were drawn from the investigations. This paper infers that the improvement of appropriate methods is fundamental to the viability and effectiveness of overseeing a high infiltration of PV inside low-voltage (LV) conveyance systems. This review provides an overview of the current state, effects, and unique difficulties associated with PV penetration in LV appropriation systems. Nonetheless, grid innovation is not well developed, and it requires continuous research from various rational aspects.
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Mohd Tajudin, Mohammad Nayeim Fazumy, M. N. M. Hussain, and M. M. Hussain. "INTEGRATED MODEL OF SOLAR PV INTERCONNECTION USING PSSE SOFTWARE." Journal of Information System and Technology Management 7, no. 27 (2022): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jistm.727002.
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Due to increase demand of renewable energy, the interest on the solar power plant has recently grown dramatically. However, when a huge generation of power was generating from the solar power plant to the grid interconnection, the system tends to create a stability problem since the generation is depend on varying of solar irradiance. A huge sudden drop of the irradiance will tend to interrupt the stability of the system. When there is large solar power is used it might be interrupting the stability of the PV plant. When there is system increase in penetration to the system the system may be loss its stability which can interrupt the system operation that cause by large penetration trough the PV system. This paper presents the development PV model from scratch until dynamic stability assessment in the PSSE software in order to study the stability of the generation of PV plant to the grid interconnection by developing 30 bus system in the software.
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Gupta, Santosh Kumar, Ashish Ranjan, Dhananjay Kumar, et al. "Assessment of photovoltaic generation penetration effect on the maximum loadability of the system." Engineering Research Express 6, no. 1 (2024): 015312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad2d4a.
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Abstract This paper proposed a method to investigate the effect of increasing PV penetration on the voltage stability of an IEEE 14-bus test system considering maximum PV penetration and system loadability limit. The critical bus of the test system has been decided based on nose curve analysis. The solar PV system is deployed with the most critical bus of the system. The effect of increasing PV penetration on the improvement in the loading capacity of various power system components like transmission lines, transmission line transformers, and generators is investigated over the adopted test system. Based on solar PV penetration up to 100 MW, the maximum loadability limit of the IEEE 14-bus test system increases, as shown by the results. Bus 14 is found to be the most severe bus of the test system using the continuation power flow (CPF) method. However, in some cases, overloading situations develop after a certain limit of PV penetration in the power system. In this condition, the overloading of the power system equipment is improved by the use of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) at bus number 14, a double circuit line in the critical line (9–14), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) in the most severe line (9–14) in the system. The maximum loadability of the system gets maximum enhanced from 4.0349 p.u. to 4.5602 p.u. under simultaneous use of solar PV generation, SSSC, and STATCOM at the most critical bus and in most severe line of the system. As evidence, the enhancement in maximum loadability of the system found using the proposed method has been also compared with the existing research. The maximum system loadability has been also enhanced under normal and (N-1) contingency conditions by the use of PV penetration in the system. PSAT/MATLAB software is used for simulation and maximum loadability has been investigated by continuation power flow (CPF) method.
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Kamil, K., M. I. Kamaruddin, H. Hashim, K. H. Chong, and M. H. Mansor. "Voltage Stability Analysis on Transmission Grid Interconnected to Solar Photovoltaic." Future Energy and Environment Letters 2, no. 1 (2025): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.37934/feel.2.1.3343.
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Humans depend on electricity, which is also a major contributor to a nation's economic development and to fulfill the needs, a reliable power system is very important. In achieving carbon free electricity, many countries started to implement utility scale solar photovoltaic (PV) into the transmission level. However, due to the ‘must take’ characteristics of solar PV output, it brings technical challenges and have a significant impact on system stability. Voltage stability is the ability of a power system network to maintain its reliable operation based on the safety operation across all network buses both during normal operation and during contingencies. The impact of solar PV energy as a source of network disturbance is the main issue of this study. Voltage Stability Indices (VSI) is used to identify the system's weakest point and the voltage stability for each line is measured using Line Stability Factor (LQP). All the simulation works is done using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and the IEEE 30-bus is used as the test system. The results present the impact of each solar PV penetration to the voltage stability and show the impact of solar PV penetration to the thermal loading percentage.
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Dellosa, Jeffrey Tamba. "Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 5, no. 3 (2016): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185.
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The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185
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Alqahtani, Bandar Jubran, and Abdulrahman Salman Almerbati. "Effect of Nuclear Energy Flexibility on Integrating Large-Scale Distributed Solar PV in an Existing Power Network." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 4, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7261414.
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This paper estimates the maximum integration level of residential rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity within the power network of the Duke Energy Progress (DEP) and Duke Energy Carolinas (DEC) under two scenarios embodying different assumptions about the flexibility of nuclear power plant (NPP) operations. A mixed-integer optimization model was constructed and simulated to find out the maximum solar penetration level under each scenario and to calculate the expected total system’s electricity generation costs, energy mix, atmospheric emission reductions, and emission abatement costs. Analysis reveals that improving NPP operation maneuverability would increase the maximum solar PV penetration level in the DEP and DEC power networks by 39%, from 8.9% to 12.4% of the total system’s electricity generation. Consequently, it would further improve the electricity generations’ unit costs and CO2 emission reductions by 3% and 8% points, respectively. On the other hand, increasing the solar PV penetration limit under high flexible NPP operation scenario leads to increase in the CO2 emission abatement costs by 8% points. The results of the study indicate that the flexibility of existing power system resources may present a barrier for a large uptake of solar energy.
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Aleem, Sk Abdul, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "A Review of Strategies to Increase PV Penetration Level in Smart Grids." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030636.
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Due to environmental concerns, power system generation is shifting from traditional fossil-fuel resources to renewable energy such as wind, solar and geothermal. Some of these technologies are very location specific while others require high upfront costs. Photovoltaic (PV) generation has become the rising star of this pack, thanks to its versatility. It can be implemented with very little upfront costs, e.g., small solar home systems, or large solar power plants can be developed to generate MWs of power. In contrast with wind or tidal generation, PV can be deployed all around the globe, albeit with varying potentials. These merits have made PV the renewable energy technology with highest installed capacity around the globe. However, PV penetration into the grid comes with its drawbacks. The inverter-interfaced nature of the PV systems significantly impacts the power system operation from protection, power flow and stability perspectives. There must be strategies to mitigate these negative impacts so that PV penetration into the grid can continue. This paper gives a thorough overview of such strategies from different research fields: such as communication, artificial intelligence, power electronics and electric vehicle charging coordination. In addition, possible research directions are given for future work.
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Yoo, Yeuntae, and Seokheon Cho. "Analysis of the Impact of Particulate Matter on Net Load and Behind-the-Meter PV Decoupling." Electronics 11, no. 14 (2022): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142261.
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With the increasing penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generator, uncertainty surrounding the power system has increased simultaneously. The uncertainty of PV generation output has an impact on the load demand forecast due to the presence of behind-the-meter (BtM) PV generation. As it is hard to assess the amount of BtM PV generation, the load demand pattern can be distorted depending on the solar irradiation level. In several literature works, the influence of the load demand pattern from BtM PV generation is modeled using environmental data sets such as the level of solar irradiation, temperature, and past load demand data. The particulate matter is a severe meteorological event in several countries that can reduce the level of solar irradiation on the surface. The accuracy of the forecast model for PV generation and load demand can be exacerbated if the impact of the particulate matter is not properly considered. In this paper, the impact of particulate matter to load demand patterns is analyzed for the power system with high penetration of BtM PV generation. Actual meteorological data are gathered for the analysis and correlations between parameters are built using Gaussian process regression.
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Okedu, Kenneth E., and Ahmed Al Abri. "Effects of Solar Photovoltaic Penetration on the Behavior of Grid-Connected Loads." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9579437.
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Recently, the authority for electricity regulations in Oman introduced a new regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. One of the main concerns is how the penetration of the grid-connected PV systems would affect the Mazoon Electricity Company’s (MZEC) load behavior, especially at peak times. This paper presents the behavior of grid-connected loads considering the MZEC, which is one of the power distribution companies in Oman. The Al Bashir primary substation load distribution network was used as a case study. The MZEC peak load pattern was considered with respect to solar PV connection regulations in Oman. Furthermore, the various timings for electricity billing and the expected incentives were also used in evaluating the economical benefits of integrating the solar PV systems into the power grid. Data were collected for two years for the feeder and distribution transformers in the power grid. The export and import average power generation within the period of the study were also investigated. The behavior of the grid loads was investigated before and after installing the PV systems. The variables of the average power, load import, and export for different periods were used to evaluate the system performance. The obtained results reflect that with proper synchronization of the solar PV systems in the power grid, the maximum load of the primary substation decreased from 80% to 40%, considerably saving cost. Consequently, more consumers could be fed with the excess solar power, with less distribution transformers in the power grid.
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Panos, Evangelos, and Stavroula Margelou. "Long-Term Solar Photovoltaics Penetration in Single- and Two-Family Houses in Switzerland." Energies 12, no. 13 (2019): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132460.
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The Swiss energy strategy aims at increasing electricity generation from solar power by 2050, to fulfil Switzerland’s commitments in the Paris Agreement. However, the market of single- and two-family houses is characterized by low return rates for excess power injected to the grid, and the installation of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) is sensitive to financial incentives. We assess the drivers influencing the diffusion of rooftop solar PV systems until 2050, by employing an agent-based model. An agent is a single- or two-family house, and its decision to invest depends on the economic profitability of the investment, the agent’s income, environmental benefits (injunctive social norm), awareness and knowledge about the solar PV technology, and the impact of the social network (descriptive social norm). The model includes a synthetic population of agents, statistically equivalent to the true population. We also investigate the impact of different support policies, technology learning rates, electricity prices, and discount rates on the investment decision. We find that the concept of prosumer emerges, mainly via self-consumption strategies. The diffusion process of rooftop solar PV systems in single- and two-family houses gains momentum in the future. In the near-term, PV deployment is sensitive to the profitability of the investment, while after the year 2030, peer effects play an increasing role in the agents’ investment decisions.
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Vossier, A., J. Zeitouny, E. A. Katz, A. Dollet, G. Flamant, and J. M. Gordon. "Performance bounds and perspective for hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal electricity-generation strategies." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 9 (2018): 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00046h.
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Hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/thermal power systems offer the possibility of dispatchable, affordable and efficient solar electricity production – the type of transformative innovation needed for solar cell devices to realize high grid penetration.
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Hsieh, Shih Chieh, Chao Shun Chen, Chia Hung Lin, Wei Lin Hsieh, and Cheng Ting Hsu. "Determination of Maximum PV Integration Capacity for Distribution System." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1300.
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This paper is aimed to determine the maximum penetration levels of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution feeders to fully utilize the solar energy for a cleaner environment by taking into account the mutual coupling effect between phase conductors. The equivalent circuit models for distribution line segments including the grounding effect and the mutual coupling between phase conductors and the grounded neutral line are applied in the computer simulation. A practical Taipower distribution feeder is selected for system analysis to study the maximum PV penetration with the proposed precise modelling of the feeder network.
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Lau, Cheiw Yun, Chin Kim Gan, Chin Ho Tie, Kyairul Azmi Baharin, and Mohamad Fani Sulaima. "Passing-Cloud Effects of Solar Photovoltaic System on Distribution Network Voltages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.551.
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The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme has prompted an increasing number of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in Malaysia. As a consequence, the network issues related to the PV systems integration need to be properly addressed. This includes the effect of solar irradiance intermittency which is caused by the passing-clouds. In this regard, this paper investigates the effect of passing-cloud on a standard IEEE 4 node test feeder, focusing on short term voltage drop analysis. Actual five-minute interval PV generation data in Melaka, Malaysia was used in the analysis. The network was analyzed by using the well-knownOpenDSStool. The network voltage impact of different PV penetration levels were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days. The results show that temporal voltage drop could occur on the network when there is a sudden drop of PV generation driven by passing-cloud. The percentage of voltage drop recorded was observed to be proportionate to the increment of PV penetration levels.
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Sandeep, Vuddanti, N. John Varun, and Reddy Salkuti Surender. "Voltage profile improvement of weak grid with solar PV integration." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 19, no. 3 (2021): 968–76. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i3.17736.
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The objective of this paper is to improve the voltage profile of the grid in pertinence to grid due to power injection from distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Weak grids are modeled as worldwide adaptation of net metering, transactive energy systems, and the possibility of further deterioration of power quality with higher grid penetration. In this paper, a solar PV integrated weak distribution grid modelled as the PV arrays being frequently connected in rural areas, due to various reasons like cheap real estate and lack of accessibility. In this paper, three case studies of PV generation are simulated, i.e., scheduled solar PV generation less than load requirement, PV generation equal to load requirement, and PV generation more than load requirement, by considering the daily solar irradiation and load demand profiles of a residential area under study.
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Rai, Bhimla, Sangay Choezom, Karma, Tenzin Jamtsho, and Namgay Tenzin. "Voltage Stability Analysis of SPV And WECS Integrated into the Western Grid of Bhutan." Zorig Melong | A Technical Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (2021): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.17102/zmv5.i1.004.
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Global warming has become an increasingly significant concern today because of the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. This concern has arisen interests of researchers and power generating companies to venture into renewables. Among all the renewables, solar and wind are two of the most promising resources today. However, unpredictable nature of solar and wind power still remains a challenge while integrating to the grid. In addition, integration of solar photovoltaic (SPV) system and wind energy conversion system (WECS) introduces instability in the voltage profile. This paper discusses on voltage stability issues of the western grid of Bhutan with integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) as a case study by performing Load flow analysis to examine voltage profile at varying penetration levels. Also, the paper presents an analysis on transformer loading, line loading and grid losses to understand grid’s withstanding capabilities at higher penetration level. The behavior of the grid at every penetration level is observed and the results of voltage stability analysis showed an improved voltage profile of the grid when integrated with solar PV and WECS. However, higher penetration of both solar PV and WECS resulted in violation in bus voltages of the network and overloading of number of transformers and lines above 20% penetration level.
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Ariyadi, Surya Budi, and Widodo Wahyu Purwanto. "Development Strategies for Grid-Connected Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic to Increase Renewable Energy Penetration." CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development 7, no. 3 (2024): 478–95. https://doi.org/10.7454/jid.v7.i3.1164.
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The government of Indonesia has launched programs to decarbonize its power systems by replacing fossil fuel-based plants with renewable energy. Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment faces economic and technical barriers despite abundant solar irradiance. This study evaluates techno-economic strategies for 10 MW grid-connected solar PV systems, comparing two scenarios: without Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and with BESS to reduce grid reliance. Key interventions were analyzed for their economic impacts, including tariff adjustments, carbon tax implementation, and competitive auction schemes. The results show that without BESS, the project achieves an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.30%, making it highly feasible. However, including BESS lowers the IRR to 5.89% due to higher costs. Combining carbon tax and tariff adjustments improves feasibility, achieving a Profitability Index (PI) of 1.00 and an IRR of 14.74%. Competitive auctions further lower costs, enhancing the feasibility of BESS projects. While solar PV without BESS is economically viable, risks of capital cost increases require attention. For BESS projects, policy interventions such as auctions and incentives are essential. This study highlights strategic measures to accelerate solar PV adoption in Indonesia, providing insights for policymakers and investors to scale up renewable energy deployment effectively.
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Chatthaworn, Rongrit, Pikkanate Angaphiwatchawal, and Surachai Chaitusaney. "Solar PV Policy, Barriers and Proposed Solution for Technical Barriers in Thailand." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.25379.
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This paper presents solar PV history in Thailand consisting of installation target, incentive schemes, procurements and barriers for supporting the coming of solar PV. For the barrier viewpoint, one of the most significant barriers is the technical power system problem; especially, voltage violation and system loss increase when high capacity of solar PV is installed in the system. Therefore, electric utilities usually determine the capacity limitation criterion of solar PV for each electrical feeder which can delay the growth of solar PV installation. Consequently, this paper presents the method to solve this barrier in order to maximize the installation of solar PV in Thailand. The method is based on the construction of typical distribution feeders with various levels of solar PV penetration and locations. The three scenarios based on solar PV locations: clustered near the beginning of feeder, clustered near the middle of feeder, and clustered near the end of feeder are simulated. The considered constraints are voltage limitation and system loss. The modified distribution system is used to test the proposed method which is simulated by DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The results show that the proposed method provides the solution that can support more solar PV installation than capacity limitation criterion determined by distribution utilities.
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Yadav, Anju, Nand Kishor, Richa Negi, Mikael Opas, and Petra Raussi. "Performance Analysis of Bus Voltage in Distribution Network with High Penetration of PV Controlled via Data-Driven Approach." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (September 30, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3708751.
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Integration of large-scale distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation resources can lead to technical challenges, particularly voltage rise caused by PVs power injection at the time of high solar radiation profile and low load demand. Reactive power control of PV inverters can help mitigate the voltage rise, which arises just for a short duration due to high incident solar radiation. There is a possibility to control functions on these PV inverters based on the rating of the PV inverter. For one-second resolution, local data-driven voltage sensitivity estimation is applied to update the control functions such as volt-var and volt-watt on the PV inverters so as to regulate the bus voltage. Different forms of solar radiation profiles, transient varying, smooth varying, and worst operating scenario corresponding to the minimum load at the time of high PV generation, are included. The study is demonstrated for different PV penetration levels. The voltage analysis on buses is performed using power hardware (PV emulator) in the loop simulation, at one of the buses in the network, while the remaining PVs are being controlled using volt-var control (VVC)/volt-watt control (VWC) methods. The applied approach confirms to maintaining bus voltage within limits even against a very short transient time instant of solar radiation profile.
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Okoro, Ugochukwu Kingsley. "Photovoltaics: Panacea to Africa Sustainable Development." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (2023): 2666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113435.
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African countries are falling behind in attaining the sustainable development goals. They are in dire need of electricity, which had been declared the essential tool to achieve most goals, to meet their population’s utilizable energy requirement. With renewables being globally adopted energy options to save the changing climate and preserve the environment and biodiversity, photovoltaic (PV) is advocated to remedy the energy deficiency for sustainable development. All over Africa indicates viability in PV energy owing to the incident global solar radiation (Gh). Nigeria being a case study shows awareness of PV energy, which has manifested in the attitude towards its penetration and the expected benefits. With the anticipated threat of climate change on PV performances, the projected incident Gh across Nigeria has shown two epochs which are yet viable for PV energy by the year 2100. Foreseeable challenges in the PV penetration and investments have been presented as wrongdoings and whistleblowing is advocated as the policy that will ensure the PV penetration for sustainable development.
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Abayomi, A., and Agha F. Nnachi. "Analysis of the Influence of PV Integration on an Unbalanced Grid Voltage Deviation." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 23 (October 24, 2024): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2024.23.15.
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With the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) to mitigate climate pollution from fossil fuel-based energy production, it is imperative to investigate the influence of integrated Photovoltaic (PV) generation on distribution grid voltage levels and power losses. Voltage stability in dispersed systems with high PV penetration is a major challenge due to solar power dynamic generation. Voltage stability is an important parameter for measuring the level of penetration of PV systems on distribution grids in terms of load capacity. As a result, this study provides analytical voltage stability, which is achieved using a 4.16 kV voltage level on a modified IEEE 13 bus radial distribution system. The network was modeled, simulated, and analyzed based on a snapshot power flow solution. Four simulation scenarios were tested for PV penetration levels on the grid. The collected outcomes demonstrated that the system voltage profile and losses remained within the voltage limit established by international standards with PV penetration. As a result, PV penetration levels greater than 40% of the loading capacity resulted in voltage increases that exceeded the prescribed limits, reverse power flow, and an increase in grid power loss.
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Alsulamy, Sager, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Patrick James, and Nasser Alghamdi. "Solar PV Penetration Scenarios for a University Campus in KSA." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093150.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is committed to transition its fossil fuel-driven electricity generation to that from renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has led it to announce an ambitious target of 40 GW of PV power capacity by 2030. The deployment of such a capacity needs to be augmented with analyses to overcome the challenges faced in terms of the technical capability of the country. This work contributes to this goal by investigating the utilisation of solar photovoltaic PV systems to supply medium-size entities such as universities with clean power, displacing the current fossil fuel power supply. Currently, such considerations are not fully addressed in KSA. The study used the University of Jeddah campus electrical load profile, taking into account future power needs. The methodology encompassed modelling the installation of multi-MW PV systems for the university by considering weather conditions, actual university consumption, load segregation, and economics under different development scenarios informed by surveys with decision makers at the university. The results showed that air conditioning loads alone were responsible for 79% of the campus electrical load and that a 4.5 MW PV system is able to supply half of the total campus annual electrical energy consumption of the year of 2019. The optimum scenario showed that utilising grid-connected PVs would decrease the total cost of electricity over the next two decades by 28 to 35 percent and would result in halving the current campus carbon emissions. The analysis concludes that the business-as-usual case is no longer the cheapest option for the campus.
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Alsulamy, Sager, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Patrick James, and Nasser Alghamdi. "Solar PV Penetration Scenarios for a University Campus in KSA." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093150.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is committed to transition its fossil fuel-driven electricity generation to that from renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has led it to announce an ambitious target of 40 GW of PV power capacity by 2030. The deployment of such a capacity needs to be augmented with analyses to overcome the challenges faced in terms of the technical capability of the country. This work contributes to this goal by investigating the utilisation of solar photovoltaic PV systems to supply medium-size entities such as universities with clean power, displacing the current fossil fuel power supply. Currently, such considerations are not fully addressed in KSA. The study used the University of Jeddah campus electrical load profile, taking into account future power needs. The methodology encompassed modelling the installation of multi-MW PV systems for the university by considering weather conditions, actual university consumption, load segregation, and economics under different development scenarios informed by surveys with decision makers at the university. The results showed that air conditioning loads alone were responsible for 79% of the campus electrical load and that a 4.5 MW PV system is able to supply half of the total campus annual electrical energy consumption of the year of 2019. The optimum scenario showed that utilising grid-connected PVs would decrease the total cost of electricity over the next two decades by 28 to 35 percent and would result in halving the current campus carbon emissions. The analysis concludes that the business-as-usual case is no longer the cheapest option for the campus.
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Zahedi, A. "Maximizing solar PV energy penetration using energy storage technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 1 (2011): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.011.
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Amir, Nizar. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment of Solar PV Water Pumping System In Dryland: Case Study In Madura." Rekayasa 14, no. 2 (2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v14i2.10442.
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Indonesia has enormous solar radiation potential, and it can be converted to electrical energy by utilizing solar PV systems. Mainly the irrigation of paddy rice fields in Indonesia dependent on a diesel-powered water pumping system. A solar PV system can replace this method, and it generates several benefits. The present study proposed the utilization of a solar PV system to drive the water pump based on a 100% renewable power supply. The technological and economic viability assessment of solar PV water pumping system to irrigate paddy rice filed at Telang village, Bangkalan, Indonesia, is investigated. The HOMER software has been used to generate the optimal configuration of a renewable system. Initial capital, net present cost, and cost of energy will evaluate as economic assessment criteria. The solar PV and diesel generator water pumping system also compared. The results showed that for water pumping systems, a solar PV system is more cost-effective than a diesel generator. It has lower annual operational and maintenance costs, 100% renewable energy penetration, and free energy cost.
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Maghami, Mohammad Reza, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, and Chee Mei Ling. "Comparative Analysis of Smart Grid Solar Integration in Urban and Rural Networks." Smart Cities 6, no. 5 (2023): 2593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6050117.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, a highly promising renewable energy source, encounters challenges when integrated into smart grids. These challenges encompass voltage fluctuations, issues with voltage balance, and concerns related to power quality. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implications of solar PV penetration in Malaysian power distribution networks predominantly found in urban and rural areas. To achieve this, we employed the OpenDSS 2022 and MATLAB 2022b software tools to conduct static power flow analyses, enabling us to assess the effects of solar PV integration over a wide area under two worst-case scenarios: peak-load and no-load periods. Our investigation considered voltage violations, power losses, and fault analysis relative to the power demand of each scenario, facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts. The findings of our study revealed crucial insights. We determined that the maximum allowable power for both urban and rural networks during no-load and peak-load situations is approximately 0.5 MW and 0.125 MW, respectively. Moreover, as the percentage of PV penetration increases, notable reductions in power losses are observed, indicating the potential benefits of higher smart grid PV integration.
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Albadi, M. "SOLAR PV POWER INTERMITTENCY AND ITS IMPACTS ON POWER SYSTEMS – AN OVERVIEW." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 2 (2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss2pp142-150.
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Although solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are environmentally friendly, policy makers and power system operators have concerns regarding the high penetration of these systems due to potential impacts of solar power intermittency on power systems. Understanding the nature of this intermittency is important to make informed decisions regarding solar power plants, size and location, transmission and distribution systems planning, as well as thermal generation units and electricity markets operations. This article presents a review of solar PV power characteristics and its impacts on power system operation.
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Chakravarthi, B. N. Ch V., and G. V. Siva Krishna Rao. "Optimal Real Power Penetration to Solar PV-Fed Double Boost Integrated Multilevel Converter with Improved Power Quality." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 16 (2020): 2050256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502564.
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In grid-connected solar PV system, power quality gets affected seriously due to the variable real power penetration. The transformer is mandatory to integrate and isolate the solar PV and powered network. However, due to presence of this transformer, size and cost of the entire solar PV station get increased and it requires more space while supplying poor quality of power. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a double boost integrated multilevel inverter to inject the power into utility grid. In addition, the optimal control strategy is used to tap maximum power generation from solar PV and injected into grid with improved power quality. This paper presents an adaptive digital hysteresis current control approach to penetrate optimal power into grid. To validate the proposed work, the simulation results are carried out using PSCAD/EMDTC software. Furthermore, to confirm theoretical study and simulation study, the experimental test was performed and detailed results with validation were presented in this paper.
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Chang, Wen Yeau. "Comparison of Three Short Term Photovoltaic System Power Generation Forecasting Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.585.
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An accurate forecasting method for solar power generation of the photovoltaic (PV) system is urgent needed under the relevant issues associated with the high penetration of solar power in the electricity system. This paper presents a comparison of three forecasting approaches on short term solar power generation of PV system. Three forecasting methods, namely, persistence method, back propagation neural network method, and radial basis function (RBF) neural network method, are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of three methods, the methods are tested on the practical information of solar power generation of a PV system. The performance is evaluated based on two indexes, namely, maximum absolute percent error and mean absolute percent error.
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Alamoudi, Abdullah, Syed Muhammad Saaduddin, Abu Bakar Munir, et al. "Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (2019): 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113056.
Full textAbstract:
Solar energy has demonstrated promising prospects in satisfying energy requirements, specifically through solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Despite that, the cost of installation is deemed as the main hurdle to the widespread uptake of solar PV systems due to the use of expensive PV material in the module. At this point, we argue that a reduction in PV cost could be achieved through the usage of concentrator. A solar concentrator is a type of lens that is capable of increasing the collection of sun rays and focusing them onto a lesser PV area. The cost of the solar module could then be reduced on the assumption that the cost of introducing the solar concentrator in the solar module design is much lower than the cost of the removed PV material. Static concentrators, in particular, have great promise due to their ability to be integrated at any place of the building, usually on the building facade, windows and roof, due to their low geometrical concentration. This paper provides a historic context on the development of solar concentrators and showcases the latest technological development in static PV concentrators including non-imaging compound parabolic concentrator, V-trough, luminescent solar concentrator and quantum dot concentrator. We anticipated that the static low concentrating PV (LCPV) system could serve to enhance the penetration of PV technology in the long run to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7—to open an avenue to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030.
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Sanjay Kulshreshtha and Dr D.K Chaturvedi. "Effect of Generated Harmonics On Transformer Losses Due to Solar Penetration." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 06 (2024): 1939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0287.
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Transformers are the essential component in transferring large amounts of power, and they are often designed and engineered to operate with rated frequency and perfect sinusoidal input supply. When a transformer is fed from the output of a solar PV inverter, its efficiency decreases or harmonic losses increase. A collection of current harmonics data extracted from inverter output as a working explanation of a specific harmonic for analytically assessing transformer losses. This paper examines the increase in the losses generated with and without consideration of even current harmonics of the PV inverter using the Matlab program for Transformers due to the impact of solar inverter output penetration into the grid.