Journal articles: 'Solenoid Actuators'

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Dr. Ch. Rambabu, B. Dharani, A.S.L. Manogna, J. Bindu Sri, and J. Akshay Kumar. "Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Modern Solenoids Using ANSYS." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1786–89. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2025.0258.

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The efficiency and performance of solenoid actuators are highly dependent on material selection, which influences key electromagnetic properties such as force generation, Solenoids play a critical role in various engineering applications, including automotive systems, electromagnetic actuators, industrial automation, and magnetic flux density, and energy efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of different core materials on solenoid performance using finite element analysis (FEA). A solenoid actuator model is developed in ANSYS Maxwell, where six soft magnetic materials—Cast Iron, Hyperco50, Iron, Steel 1008, Steel 1010, and NO20—are analyzed under identical operating conditions. The study investigates magnetic field distribution, force output using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate transient electromagnetic behavior.

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Andriychuk, Mykhaylo, and Bohdan Karkulovskyi. "Mathematical Models of MEMS Control Devices." Computer Design Systems. Theory and Practice 6, no. 1 (2024): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cds2024.01.199.

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This article discusses MEMS actuators of various types (electrostatic, magnetic, piezoelectric, thermal actuators). The features of their designs are considered. Methods for constructing mathematical models of these actuators and possibilities of their application in the design of complex technical systems using such actuators are analyzed. An example of calculating the characteristic of the inductance of a nano-solenoid, which is a component of an electromagnetic actuator, is provided.

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Kamarul Bahrin, Syed Zainal Abidin Syed, and Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari. "Solenoid actuated Five-fingered robotic hand design: evaluating the capability of solenoid actuators in generating basic finger motions." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (2019): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1273-1281.

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There are numerous robotic hand designs but the five-fingered robotic hand design is the most dexterous robotic hand design due to its similar appearance and motions with the human hands. The fingers' motions are commonly driven by geared motors or other types of emerging technologies. However, the motions are yet to be driven directly by solenoid actuators due to its limited stroke length and also general perceptions of its applications as an actuator. Nevertheless, solenoid actuators are known for their fast reaction time and strong holding force which are useful to generate fast motions and strong grasping actions. To realise this concept, previous research and developments had been done by the authors but the outcome was not convincing enough due to the absence of a working prototype. Therefore, this paper introduced a new solenoid actuated robotic hand design and its prototype. The prototype was then tested and evaluated in accordance to the operational concept where the findings showed that the solenoid actuators were capable of generating basic finger motions.

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Abedinifar, Masoud, Seniz Ertugrul, and Gokhan Tansel Tayyar. "Design optimization of a solenoid actuator using particle swarm optimization algorithm with multiple objectives." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 11 (2022): 168781322211357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221135737.

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Solenoid actuators are well-known components that convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy. For control purposes, it is requested to have a high magnetic force that stays almost constant in the working region of the actuator. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to have an optimal geometrical design of the actuator. In this study, the following steps are performed to optimize the geometry of the solenoid actuator. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed, and the results of the simulation is verified with the experimental data. The effect of all geometrical parameters on the characteristics of the magnetic force is investigated. The parameters that highly affect the magnetic force are chosen as design optimization parameters. Then, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is realized to find optimal parameters. The algorithm consists of two objective functions being combined into a single objective function. It includes a higher and more consistent magnetic force in the effective working region of the solenoid. Finally, the solenoid actuator with optimized parameters is manufactured, and the results are compared. They show that the optimized solenoid actuator satisfies one of the objective functions, and magnetic force stays almost constant in the working region of the solenoid actuator.

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Kesucz, Flaviu-Nicolae. "Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Signal Analysis Applied to Solenoid-Type Actuators Used in Gas Valves." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 13, no. 3 (2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe purpose of scientific research in this paper is to control the movement of solenoid actuators, by analyzing the applied signal. The actuator in a system is the execution element. The optimization of the system consists in finding new solutions for motion control for solenoid actuators, by designing and experimental realization of a static converter, also called alternating voltage inverter (VTA), which would become proposals for patents, or the realization of new experimental research stands. By analyzing the signal in this paper, it will be possible to design, experiment and test different types of VTA (with Arduino development boards, Raspberry Pi single board computers, logic gates) that will improve the reliability, future operation of thermal power plants.

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Ahmed, Shahriar, Md Nasim Reza, Md Rejaul Karim, Hongbin Jin, Heetae Kim, and Sun-Ok Chung. "Abnormal Operation Detection of Automated Orchard Irrigation System Actuators by Power Consumption Level." Sensors 25, no. 2 (2025): 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020331.

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Information and communication technology (ICT) components, especially actuators in automated irrigation systems, are essential for managing precise irrigation and optimal soil moisture, enhancing orchard growth and yield. However, actuator malfunctions can lead to inefficient irrigation, resulting in water imbalances that impact crop health and reduce productivity. The objective of this study was to develop a signal processing technique to detect potential malfunctions based on the power consumption level and operating status of actuators for an automated orchard irrigation system. A demonstration orchard with four apple trees was set up in a 3 m × 3 m soil test bench inside a greenhouse, divided into two sections to enable independent irrigation schedules and management. The irrigation system consisted of a single pump and two solenoid valves controlled by a Python-programmed microcontroller. The microcontroller managed the pump cycling ‘On’ and ‘Off’ states every 60 s and solenoid valves while storing and transmitting sensor data to a smartphone application for remote monitoring. Commercial current sensors measured actuator power consumption, enabling the identification of normal and abnormal operations by applying threshold values to distinguish activation and deactivation states. Analysis of power consumption, control commands, and operating states effectively detected actuator operations, confirming reliability in identifying pump and solenoid valve failures. For the second solenoid valve in channel 2, with 333 actual instances of normal operation and 60 actual instances of abnormal operation, the model accurately detected 316 normal and 58 abnormal instances. The proposed method achieved a mean average precision of 99.9% for detecting abnormal control operation of the pump and solenoid valve of channel 1 and a precision of 99.7% for the solenoid valve of channel 2. The proposed approach effectively detects actuator malfunctions, demonstrating the potential to enhance irrigation management and crop productivity. Future research will integrate advanced machine learning with signal processing to improve fault detection accuracy and evaluate the scalability and adaptability of the system for larger orchards and diverse agricultural applications.

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Rahman, M. F., N. C. Cheung, and Khiang Wee Lim. "Position estimation in solenoid actuators." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 32, no. 3 (1996): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.502166.

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Cinq-Mars, Max, and Hakan Gurocak. "Pneumatic cylinder with magnetorheological brake using serpentine and helix flux guide as a linear hybrid actuator for haptics." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 10 (2016): 1303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16667562.

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This research explored a new linear hybrid actuator, which consists of a pneumatic cylinder with a magnetorheological brake embedded in its piston. Magnetorheological brakes are promising actuators since they can apply large forces in a small actuator size, but they can only oppose motion, as they are passive actuators. Pneumatic cylinders are desirable actuators due to their high force-to-weight ratio and ability to apply active forces. However, they require expensive servo valves for precise position control. The new hybrid actuator benefits from the advantages of magnetorheological brakes and pneumatic cylinders. It can apply forces using compressed air and can resist external forces using the magnetorheological brake. The embedded brake also eliminates the undesirable side effects of using compressed air and allows precise positioning of the piston anywhere in its stroke with simple solenoid valves. Fields such as haptics and robotics might benefit greatly from the use of the hybrid actuator where a high force-to-weight ratio could be employed. The study contributes (1) a triple helix flux guide for the linear magnetorheological brake, (2) serpentine flux path to enable larger braking forces, (3) shear mode activation, and (4) control algorithms that enable use of simple solenoid valves and improved power efficiency. When compared to an existing purely pneumatic control algorithm, the hybrid actuator exceeded the performance in position tracking and force disturbance rejection. A power management algorithm demonstrated that disabling the brake when the piston was in position vastly decreases the power consumption.

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Rasu, Sakthivel. "Critical Role of Solenoid Valves in Modern Engine Design." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27303.

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Solenoid valves, which serve as actuators, are vital in engine design because they can precisely control fluid and gas flow within the engine systems. This allows fuel injection, emission controls, and better performance in modern engines. This paper explores the role that a solenoid valve has been playing in engine designs and underlines its importance for fuel efficiency, emission reduction, and reliability of the engine's performance. Keywords—Solenoid valves, Actuators, Engine control, Fuel injection, Emission control, Engine performance, Valve timing, Fluid flow regulation, Engine Braking, Piston cooling Nozzle valve, CAM phaser Control.

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Duțu, I. C., T. Axinte, M. F. Duțu, L. Calancea, and M. Diaconu. "Research regarding use of pneumatic linear actuator." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v4i2.6144.

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This article represents research regarding use of pneumatic linear actuator. A pneumatic linear drive is a device that creates motion in a straight line. The linear drive with solenoid in this manuscript is a pneumatic actuator. The pneumatic linear drive works only with compressed air. Compressed air usually has a pressure of between 2·105 Pa and 6·105 Pa. Linear drive with solenoid can be used for various applications, including pulling/pushing, pick-and-place applications or lifting/moving. After Introduction, the authors study two pneumatic circuits using linear drive with solenoid coupling. In fact, the first pneumatic scheme in this paper has only one device (linear drive 1-1). But, the second pneumatic circuit has two actuators (linear drives 2-1 and 2-2). Further on, the authors present two electro-pneumatic circuits. In any case, a simple electro-pneumatic circuit that has a linear drive with solenoid coupling. Moreover, the second electro-pneumatic system has a linear drive with solenoid coupling and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits given in this manuscript are made using FluidSim software from Festo.

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König, Niklas, and Matthias Nienhaus. "A Solution to Ambiguities in Position Estimation for Solenoid Actuators by Exploiting Eddy Current Variations." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123441.

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Position estimation techniques for solenoid actuators are successfully used in a wide field of applications requiring monitoring functionality without the need for additional sensors. Most techniques, which also include standstill condition, are based on the identification of the differential inductance, a parameter that exhibits high sensitivity towards position variations. The differential inductance of some actuators shows a non-monotonic dependency over the position. This leads to ambiguities in position estimation. Nevertheless, a unique position estimation in standstill condition without prior knowledge of the actuator state is highly desired. In this work, the eddy current losses inside the actuator are identified in terms of a parallel resistor and are exploited in order to solve the ambiguities in position estimation. Compared to other state-of-the-art techniques, the differential inductance and the parallel resistance are estimated online by approaches requiring low implementation and computation effort. Furthermore, a data fusion algorithm for position estimation based on a neural network is proposed. Experimental results involving a use case scenario of an end-position detection for a switching solenoid actuator prove the uniqueness, the precision and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained position estimate. The proposed approach therefore allows the unique estimation of the actuator position including standstill condition suitable for low-cost applications demanding low implementation effort.

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Chladny, R. R., C. Koch, and A. F. Lynch. "Modeling automotive gas-exchange solenoid valve actuators." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 41, no. 3 (2005): 1155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.841701.

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Inaoka, S., Y. Abekura, M. Ueno, and K. Saneyoshi. "1A1-A12 Quadrupedal Robot Using Solenoid Actuators." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2001 (2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2001.6_6.

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Yuan, Qinghui, and Perry Y. Li. "Using Steady Flow Force for Unstable Valve Design: Modeling and Experiments." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 127, no. 3 (2004): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1997166.

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In single stage electrohydraulic valves, solenoid actuators are usually used to stroke the main spools directly. They are cheaper and more reliable than multistage valves. Their use, however, is restricted to low bandwidth and low flow rate applications due to the limitation of the solenoid actuators. Our research focuses on alleviating the need for large and expensive solenoids in single stage valves by advantageously using fluid flow forces. For example, in a previous paper, we proposed to improve spool agility by inducing unstable transient flow forces by the use of negative damping lengths. In the present paper, how steady flow forces can be manipulated to improve spool agility is examined through fundamental momentum analysis, CFD analysis, and experimental studies. Particularly, it is found that two often ignored components—viscosity effect and non-metering momentum flux, have strong influence on steady flow forces. For positive damping lengths, viscosity increases the steady flow force, whereas for negative damping lengths, viscosity has the tendency to reduce steady flow forces. Also, by slightly modifying the non-metering port geometry, the non-metering flux can also be manipulated to reduce steady flow force. Therefore, both transient and steady flow forces can be used to improve the agility of single stage electrohydraulic valves. Experimental results confirm the contributions of both transient and steady flow force in improving spool agility.

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Yi, K., S. Lee, and Y. D. Kwon. "An investigation of intelligent cruise control laws for passenger vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 2 (2001): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525502.

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This paper describes intelligent cruise control (ICC) laws for passenger vehicles. ICC systems consist of a vehicle detection sensor, a controller and throttle/brake actuators. For the control of a throttle/brake system, a solenoid valve controlled electronic vacuum booster (EVB) and a step motor controlled throttle actuator have been used. A non-linear computer model for the electronic vacuum booster has been developed and the simulations were performed using a complete non-linear vehicle model. The proposed control law in this paper consists of an algorithm that generates the desired acceleration/deceleration profile in an ICC situation, a throttle/brake switching logic and a throttle/brake control algorithm. The control performance has been investigated through computer simulations and vehicle tests. The test vehicle is equipped with a millimetre wave radar distance sensor, an Intel 80C196 controller, a solenoid valve controlled EVB and a step motor controlled throttle actuator. The results indicate that the proposed throttle/brake control laws can provide satisfactory vehicle-to-vehicle distance and velocity control performance.

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Zhou, Wen, Yiqing Li, Tengfei Zheng, and Chaohui Wang. "A simple time-predicting-based pressure control method for soft pneumatic actuators using on/off solenoid valves." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 10 (2022): 104502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083441.

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The study of soft pneumatic actuator control techniques is an important research topic in soft robotics. However, much of the research has concentrated on upper-level control algorithms, with little attention paid to the bottom-level pneumatic controller. This work aims to develop a simple, low cost, and quick-response pressure controller for soft pneumatic actuators. The controller is designed based on an on/off valve-driven pneumatic supply system, which is high speed, economical, and easy to set up. Using the actual pneumatic properties of a controlled object to estimate the switching time of the valves, the controller avoids complex nonlinear pneumatic computation and can achieve a high control frequency. Experiments demonstrate that the controller performs well in terms of speed and precision, having practical value in the control of soft actuators.

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Wang, Shijie, Zhidan Weng, and Bo Jin. "A Performance Improvement Strategy for Solenoid Electromagnetic Actuator in Servo Proportional Valve." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124352.

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This study presents a simulation model, optimization strategy and the experimental validation of a solenoid electromagnetic actuator that is widely used in industry components, especially in pneumatic/hydraulic valves. In the preliminary design, a two-dimensional magnetostatic finite element analysis (FEA) model is proposed and verified by static push-force comparisons between the two-dimensional FEA model, the three-dimensional FEA model and the experimental results. Then, a static and dynamic performance improvement strategy is proposed. To optimize the static push-force of the actuator, a static multi-objective optimization strategy for actuator structure parameters was developed based on a genetic algorithm. An experimental analysis of dynamic performance was carried out to improve the dynamic response of the actuator. By using a high-precision measuring device in the static-push-force test and dynamic direct current-input-signal tests, the comparisons results between the manufactured conventional actuator and the manufactured optimal actuators showed that the proposed optimization strategy was feasible. Through the static optimization strategy, the average static push-force in the working stroke was improved by 21.8%. Moreover, through the dynamic optimization strategy, the cutoff frequency of the push force response was improved by 129.1%, 79.6% and 74.3%, respectively, at three key positions in the working stroke.

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Maddoui, Lotfi, Zohra Kadid, and Rachid Abdessemed. "Linear peristaltic pump based on electromagnetic actuators." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1403457m.

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In this paper a study and design of a linear peristaltic pump are presented. A set of electromagnetic (solenoid) actuators is used as the active tools to drag the liquid by crushing an elastic tube. The pump consists of six serially-connected electromagnetic actuators controlled via an electronic board. This may be considered as a simulated peristalsis action of intestines. The dynamic performances of the pump are investigated analytically and experimentally.

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Zahidi, Abdallah, Said Amrane, Nawfel Azami, and Naoual Nasser. "Monitoring of solenoid parameters based on neural networks and optical fiber squeezer for solenoid valves diagnosis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (2021): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1697-1708.

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As crucial parts of various engineering systems, solenoid valves (SVs) operated by electromagnetic solenoid (EMS) are of great importance and their failure may lead to cause unexpected casualties. This failure, characterized by a degradation of the performances of the SVs, could be due to a fluctuations in the EMS parameters. These fluctuations are essentially attributed to the changes in the spring constant, coefficient of friction, inductance, and the resistance of the coil. Preventive maintenance by controlling and monitoring these parameters is necessary to avoid eventual failure of these actuators. The authors propose a new methodology for the functional diagnosis of electromagnetic solenoids (EMS) used in hydraulic systems. The proposed method monitors online the electrical and mechanical parameters varying over time by using artificial neural networks algorithm coupled with an optical fiber polarization squeezer based on EMS for polarization scrambling. First, the MATLAB/Simulink model is proposed to analyze the effect of the parameters on the dynamic EMS model. The result of this simulation is used for training the neural network, then a simulation is proposed using the neural net fitting toolbox to determine the solenoid parameters (Resistance of the coil R, stiffness K and coefficient of friction B of the spring) from the coefficients of the transfer function, established from the model step response. Future work will include not only diagnosing failure modes, but also predicting the remaining life based on the results of monitoring.

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Abdallah, Zahidi, Amrane Said, Azami Nawfel, and Nasser Naoual. "Monitoring of solenoid parameters based on neural networks and optical fiber squeezer for solenoid valves diagnosis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (2021): 1697–708. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1697-1708.

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As crucial parts of various engineering systems, solenoid valves (SVs) operated by electromagnetic solenoid (EMS) are of great importance and their failure may lead to cause unexpected casualties. This failure, characterized by a degradation of the performances of the SVs, could be due to a fluctuations in the EMS parameters. These fluctuations are essentially attributed to the changes in the spring constant, coefficient of friction, inductance, and the resistance of the coil. Preventive maintenance by con- trolling and monitoring these parameters is necessary to avoid eventual failure of these actuators. The authors propose a new methodology for the functional diagnosis of electromagnetic solenoids (EMS) used in hydraulic systems. The proposed method monitors online the electrical and mechanical parameters varying over time by using articial neural networks algorithm coupled with an optical fiber polarization squeezer based on EMS for polarization scrambling. First, the MATLAB/Simulink model is proposed to analyze the effect of the parameters on the dynamic EMS model. The result of this simulation is used for training the neural network. Then a simulation is proposed using the neural net tting toolbox to determine the solenoid parameters (Resistance of the coil R, stiffness K and coefficient of friction B of the spring) from the coefficients of the transfer function, established from the model step response. Future work will include not only diagnosing failure modes, but also predicting the remaining life based on the results of monitoring.

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Thamboon, Prissana, Tanatip Mayoon, Nuttanan Tanasanchai, Puripong Suthisopapan, and Waranont Anukool. "VIBRATION ISOLATION SCHEME BASED ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SPRING." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (2023): 010207. http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-02-e01602.

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Sensitive measurements require a vibration isolation system to safeguard against detrimental tremble. Two types of vibration isolation systems - passive and active - are currently implemented. The spring-based passive designs usually accompany with ineffective low-frequency response. Therefore, the active designs, consisting of sensors, feedback control systems, and actuators, are consolidated to improve the total effectiveness of the cancellation performance. In this work, we focus on developing the actuator founded on electromagnetic spring to be incorporated into our compact quantum gravimeter. Each spring-actuated part comprises two repelling Nd magnets positioned face to face inside a solenoid. With this configuration, the spring can also work in the passive mode via repulsive magnetic force. In the active mode, the exerted force is a result of magnetic fields formed by the magnets and the current-controlled solenoid coils. By changing the coil current, the stiffness of the spring can be modified, and thus the displacement can be controlled. Different sizes of magnets are explored, and their force behaviors in passive and active modes are characterized. The implementation scheme of the actuator in the quantum gravimeter is also discussed.

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Amrane, Said, Abdallah Zahidi, Mostafa Abouricha, Nawfel Azami, Naoual Nasser, and Mohamed Errai. "Machine Learning for Monitoring of the Solenoid Valves Coil Resistance Based on Optical Fiber Squeezer." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 5 (2021): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540511.

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Solenoid valves represent indispensable elements in various engineering systems. Their failure can lead to unexpected problems. This failure may be caused by fluctuations in the coil resistance of the electromagnetic solenoid (EMS) which actuates these solenoid valves. Hence the need to monitor this parameter for a preventive maintenance of these actuators. The proposed method consists to use supervised machine learning to monitor coil resistance of the EMS valve. The EMS valve is coupled to an optical fiber squeezer which, acts as a force sensor. The solenoid armature applies a mechanical force to the optical fiber and changes the polarization state of the light that travels through the optical fiber and then this force infects the power of the light. A Simulink model is used to determine the open loop system step response. The identification of the system allows obtaining its transfer function, which depends on the parameters of the EMS and in particular on its coil resistance. By varying the coil resistance while fixing the other physical parameters of the EMS, we generate a database whose elements are the coefficients of the transfer function of the solenoid open loop and the electrical resistance of its coil. The generated database is used for training several supervised machine learning models whose predictors are the elements of the transfer function; the response is the coil resistance. The Gaussian process for regression allows to predict the variations of the coil resistance with the smallest relative error although it takes a relatively long time for the training compared to the other models used.

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Zhang, Jun, Chengjie Zhou, and Yangfang Wu. "Research on Pneumatic Proportional Pressure Valve Based on Silicon Microfluidic Chip with V-Shaped Electrothermal Microactuator." Micromachines 16, no. 5 (2025): 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16050566.

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This study presents a pneumatic proportional pressure valve employing a silicon microfluidic chip (SMC) integrated with a V-shaped electrothermal microactuator, aiming to address the limitations of traditional solenoid-based valves in miniaturization and high-precision control. The SMC, fabricated via MEMS technology, leverages the thermal expansion of microactuator ribs to regulate pressure through adjustable orifices. A first-order transfer function between input voltage and displacement of the microactuator was derived through theoretical modeling and validated via COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a simulations. Key geometric parameters of the actuator ribs—cross-section, number, inclination angle, width, span length and thickness—were analyzed for their influence on lever mechanism displacement, actuator displacement, static gain and time constant. AMESim 16.0-based simulations of single- and dual-chip valve structures revealed that increasing ζ shortens step-response rise time, while reducing τ improves hysteresis. Experimental validation confirmed the valve’s static and dynamic performance, achieving a step-response rise time of <40 ms, linearity within the 30–60% input voltage range, and effective tracking of sinusoidal control signals up to 8 Hz with a maximum pressure deviation of 0.015 MPa. The work underscores the potential of MEMS-based actuators in advancing compact pneumatic systems, offering a viable alternative to conventional solenoids. Key innovations include geometry-driven actuator optimization and dual-chip integration, providing insights into high-precision, low-cost pneumatic control solutions.

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Jiang, Xinwei, Xing Xu, and Haiqiang Shan. "Model-Based Fault Diagnosis of Actuators in Electronically Controlled Air Suspension System." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 11 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110219.

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The air suspension adjusts the height of the vehicle body through charging and bleeding air to meet the high performance of the vehicle, which needs a reliable electronic control system. Through fault tree analysis of the electronically controlled air suspension (ECAS) system and considering the correlation between the duty cycle and flow rate of the air spring solenoid valve, the fault model of the solenoid valve is constructed, and the fault diagnosis design method of the ECAS system solenoid valve based on multiple extended Kalman filter banks (EKFs) is proposed. An adaptive threshold is used to realize fault diagnosis, and active fault-tolerant control is carried out based on an analytical model. The real controller based on d2p rapid prototyping technology and the vehicle model based on AMESim are further verified on the hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation test platform and compared with the pure simulation results. The test results show that the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control algorithm can work normally in the actual controller, and can effectively realize the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of the actuator in the vehicle ECAS system.

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D, Kavitha, and Radha V. "An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 17 (2020): 1778–85. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i17.124.

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Abstract Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement the rotating cubes for designing the Braillerefreshable display. The rotating cube Braille display has many benefits i.e., compact size, low cost etc. Methods/Statistical analysis: refreshable Braille display is an electro mechanical device which forms Braille charactersby raising pins through holes on flat surface. The raising of such pins is accomplished by complex and costly systems like solenoids or piezo-electric crystals or EAP (Electro Active Polimer). We developed the prototype of e-book reader, which is a low cost electro mechanical system aimed at assisting visually impaired to access the e-books. Findings: Many design concepts were proposed earlier and prototypes were built, and were tested successfully in thepast by using three simple rotating cubes. The main parameters like dot spacing, overall dimension, touching force and operating voltage obtained are discussed. Dot spacing 2.5 [mm] with reference to International standard has been maintained. Regarding overall dimension, the display unit is designed to have dimension of 120mm width to 150mm height adhering to NLS standard of Braille dot spacing, and the tactile surface will feature 13 lines with 14 characters per line. The touching force of 0.32N and operating voltage below 25 V was obtained and used. Novelty/Applications: The Solenoid is used for positioning the faces of individual cubes, which can be arranged in different positions thereby forming all Braille characters. The high power consumption which remained the major head ache in solenoid electromagnetic actuator models was a major challenge we faced initially, which we overcame with our unique innovative design combining cubes that can rotate to form Braille dots and electromagnetic actuator which can be positioned at various places to run this cubes. So Keeping Occam's Razor Principle in mind, we went ahead to design a multicell/multi-line electronic refreshable Braille display as a technology demonstrator by using three simple rotating cubes. Keywords: Braille cell; Rotating cubes; Actuators; Refreshable Braille displays

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Lai, Wei Ying, Nurfarahin Onn, Collin Howe Hing Tang, and Mohamed Hussein. "Position Control of Hydraulic Actuators Using Fuzzy Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.294.

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Hydraulic actuators are widely employed for industrial automation for its high power over weight ratio, functionality in tough operating conditions and low cost. However, the dynamics of hydraulic systems are non-linear and the system subjected to non-smooth and discontinuous non-linearities due to directional change of valve opening, friction, valve overlap and changes of hydraulic pressure acted on valve spool. Taking into account the effect of nonlinear parameter variations such as bulk modulus, compressibility of oil or viscosity of oil, fuzzy logic approach is chosen. Fuzzy control can adapt the inconstant working condition and non-linear system alongside of its robustness. For PWM controlled hydraulic component such as solenoid valve, effective approximation of the flow properties in a solenoid valve is essential. In this paper, the effect of fuzzy logic approach incorporated on pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled hydraulic system is to be investigated and experimentally verified.

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Sugimoto, Yasuhiro, Keisuke Naniwa, Daisuke Nakanishi, and Koichi Osuka. "Control of Multiple McKibben Pneumatic Actuators Using Small Solenoid Valves and Dynamic Quantizer." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 37, no. 1 (2025): 123–34. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2025.p0123.

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McKibben pneumatic actuators (MPAs) are soft actuators that exert tension by inflating a rubber tube with compressed air. Although electropneumatic regulators can control air pressure, their cost and size limit their applications. This study employs a dynamic quantizer to control an MPA using a small solenoid valve that can only open or close, as opposed to an electropneumatic regulator. A dynamic quantizer is a type of quantizer that converts continuous signals into discrete signals. Our previous study confirmed that the tension or length control of MPA can be achieved using a dynamic quantizer. As MPA exerts force only in the direction of contraction, multiple MPAs must be combined when using them as robot actuators. This study demonstrates that control using a dynamic quantizer is feasible, even when multiple MPAs are employed. We focused on a pendulum driven by two MPAs to achieve angle-tracking control using a dynamic-quantizer-based control method. The results of numerical simulations and experimental tests confirm that the angle of the pendulum can be controlled using MPAs with a dynamic quantizer.

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Vakhitov, Vil Sh. "Analytical review of four-way directional valves used to control remote-controlled submarine valves." Труды Санкт-Петербургского государственного морского технического университета 4, no. 1 (2025): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.52899/24141437_2025_01_23.

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Today, in submarine projects, the largest group of actuators is remotely controlled valves, which are controlled by solenoid-controlled directional valves. Comparative analysis allows to select development options and evaluate alternative uses of devices to control remotely controlled valves. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of four-way solenoid-controlled directional valves used on submarines as control devices of remotely controlled valves. The comparative analysis shows that state-of-the-art directional valves have uniform design, specifications, and the operating principle, which are prerequisites for the development of a new, more compact and advanced directional valve to improve equipment layout in submarine compartments with numerous devices.

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Shang, Rongkai, Peng Liu, Wenwen Quan, and Yuwen Ouyang. "Comparative Analysis of Armature Structure on Constant Force Characteristics in Long-Stroke Moving-Iron Proportional Solenoid Actuator." Actuators 13, no. 10 (2024): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13100408.

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The influence of key design parameters on the constant force characteristics of long-stroke moving-iron proportional solenoid actuators (MPSAs) has been explored by a method combining finite element modelling and correlation analysis. First, the finite element model (FEM) of long-stroke MPSA was developed and validated. Subsequently, the two evaluation indexes, the average-output solenoid force and maximum-output solenoid force variability, were introduced to disclose the influence law of pole shoe parameters on the constant force characteristics of a long-stroke MPSA. After that, correlation analysis was employed to quantify the influence of several parameters and parameter interaction factors on the constant force characteristics. The results indicate a strong contradiction between the average-output solenoid force and maximum-output solenoid force variability; however, increasing the inner diameter of the cone helps enhance the average-output solenoid force without causing maximum-output solenoid force variability to increase. Among all the parameters examined, the cone angle is the most significant parameter affecting the constant force characteristics. Additionally, interactions between the cone angle and the cone length, the cone angle and the inner cone diameter, the cone angle and the outer cone diameter, the cone length and the outer cone diameter, as well as the inner cone diameter and the outer cone diameter also have an important influence on the constant force characteristics. This study deepens our understanding of how the key parameters affect the constant force characteristics and assists designers in optimizing these parameters for developing new structures.

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Piron, M., P. Sangha, G. Reid, T. J. E. Miller, and D. M. Ionel. "Rapid computer-aided design method for fast-acting solenoid actuators." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 35, no. 5 (1999): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.793358.

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Naseradinmousavi, Peiman, and C. Nataraj. "Nonlinear mathematical modeling of butterfly valves driven by solenoid actuators." Applied Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 5 (2011): 2324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2010.11.036.

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Borozan, Ion, Inocentiu Maniu, Veronica Argesanu, Mihaela Jula, Raul Miklos Kulcsar, and Laurentiu Maniu. "Hydraulic and Termographical Test Rig for Automatic Gearboxes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 762 (May 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.762.41.

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— This document contains experimental data regarding operational stats and thermal stats of an automatic gearbox. Experimental data regarding the operating pressure and the command of the solenoid actuators is being expressed in percentage and current and is being recorded on the hydraulic test rig for establishment and optimization of the clutches and brakes operations from an automatic gearbox.

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Hoang, Shane, Konstantinos Karydis, Philip Brisk, and William H. Grover. "A pneumatic random-access memory for controlling soft robots." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254524.

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Pneumatically-actuated soft robots have advantages over traditional rigid robots in many applications. In particular, their flexible bodies and gentle air-powered movements make them more suitable for use around humans and other objects that could be injured or damaged by traditional robots. However, existing systems for controlling soft robots currently require dedicated electromechanical hardware (usually solenoid valves) to maintain the actuation state (expanded or contracted) of each independent actuator. When combined with power, computation, and sensing components, this control hardware adds considerable cost, size, and power demands to the robot, thereby limiting the feasibility of soft robots in many important application areas. In this work, we introduce a pneumatic memory that uses air (not electricity) to set and maintain the states of large numbers of soft robotic actuators without dedicated electromechanical hardware. These pneumatic logic circuits use normally-closed microfluidic valves as transistor-like elements; this enables our circuits to support more complex computational functions than those built from normally-open valves. We demonstrate an eight-bit nonvolatile random-access pneumatic memory (RAM) that can maintain the states of multiple actuators, control both individual actuators and multiple actuators simultaneously using a pneumatic version of time division multiplexing (TDM), and set actuators to any intermediate position using a pneumatic version of analog-to-digital conversion. We perform proof-of-concept experimental testing of our pneumatic RAM by using it to control soft robotic hands playing individual notes, chords, and songs on a piano keyboard. By dramatically reducing the amount of hardware required to control multiple independent actuators in pneumatic soft robots, our pneumatic RAM can accelerate the spread of soft robotic technologies to a wide range of important application areas.

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Tran, Minh-Sang, and Sheng-Jye Hwang. "Design and Simulation of Electromagnetic Linear Actuators for Jet Dispensers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051653.

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Three electromagnetic-based linear actuators, namely a solenoid actuator (SA), a moving coil actuator (MCA), and a moving magnet actuator (MMA), are proposed for driving the needle in a jet dispenser. The total resistance force acting on the needle during operation, including the damping force, the friction force, the inertia force, the compression spring force, and the backpressure, are measured by an experimental model. The thrust force required to overcome this resistance force is then predicted for each actuator using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. Simple two-dimensional models of the SA, MCA, and MMA are constructed using the same coil dimensions in every case in order to facilitate an objective comparison between them. Simulations in ANSYS Maxwell software are then performed to adjust the specific dimensions of each actuator structure in such a way as to generate the thrust force required to drive the needle in the jet dispenser with the minimum excitation current possible. The simulation results show that for a maximum needle driving frequency of 250 Hz and a stroke length of 0.5 mm, the excitation current required to generate the necessary thrust force is equal to 1.8 A and 1.9 A for the MCA and MMA models, respectively, when a return spring is not used, and 2.2 A, 3.8 A, and 4.1 A for the SA, MCA, and MMA models, respectively, when a return spring is employed. It is additionally shown that the thrust force drop of the MCA and MMA models is far less than that of the SA model, about 0.7%, 1.8%, and 61% for three models, respectively. Three preliminary designs for jet dispensers incorporating the proposed actuators are also generated for reference purposes.

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Shen, Xiangrong, Jianlong Zhang, Eric J. Barth, and Michael Goldfarb. "Nonlinear Model-Based Control of Pulse Width Modulated Pneumatic Servo Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 3 (2005): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2232689.

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This paper presents a control methodology that enables nonlinear model-based control of pulse width modulated (PWM) pneumatic servo actuators. An averaging approach is developed to describe the equivalent continuous-time dynamics of a PWM controlled nonlinear system, which renders the system, originally discontinuous and possibly nonaffine in the input, into an equivalent system that is both continuous and affine in control input (i.e., transforms the system to nonlinear control canonical form). This approach is applied to a pneumatic actuator controlled by a pair of three-way solenoid actuated valves. The pneumatic actuation system is transformed into its averaged equivalent control canonical form, and a sliding mode controller is developed based on the resulting model. The controller is implemented on an experimental system, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach validated by experimental trajectory tracking.

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TAKESHIGE, Takumi, and Masahiro OHKA. "Generation of cutaneous rabbit illusion using an array of solenoid actuators." Proceedings of the Machine Design and Tribology Division meeting in JSME 2021.20 (2021): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemdt.2021.20.2107.

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Nagai, Sakahisa, Takahiro Nozaki, and Atsuo Kawamura. "Real-time Sensorless Estimation of Position and Force for Solenoid Actuators." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 5, no. 2 (2016): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.5.32.

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Mohamed, Mahmoud H., Soha H. Wagdy, Mostafa A. Atalla, Aliaa Rehan Youssef, and Shady A. Maged. "A proposed soft pneumatic actuator control based on angle estimation from data-driven model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 6 (2020): 612–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920911277.

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This article proposes a bending angle controller for soft pneumatic actuators, which could be implemented in soft robotic rehabilitation gloves to assist patients with hand impairment, such as stroke survivors. A data-driven model is used to estimate the angle as pneumatic pressure is applied to the actuator. Furthermore, a finite element model was used to manually optimize the dimensions of the actuator. An embedded flex sensor, which together with a custom testing rig, was used to gather input data for the data-driven model. This rig contains a pneumatic pressure control circuit as well as a camera for image acquisition. Collected data were fed into a linear regression model to predict the data-driven model. Experiments were carried out to validate model’s accuracy as well as modified proportional–integral–derivative controller angle controller performance. The latter controller is designed to mitigate the non-linear response of solenoid valves at different pressures of the actuator. The data-driven model along with the used controller allows more accurate estimation and quicker response.

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Linnebach, Philipp, Filomena Simone, Gianluca Rizzello, and Stefan Seelecke. "Development, manufacturing, and validation of a dielectric elastomer membrane actuator–driven contactor." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 4 (2018): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18818778.

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Dielectric elastomers represent a relatively new technology with high potentials for actuators’ applications. Thanks to their lightweight, fast operations, energy efficiency, low power consumption, large deformations, and high scalability, dielectric elastomers permit to develop novel mechatronic systems capable of overperforming standard actuation technologies, such as solenoid valves, in several applications. This article presents a novel design for a dielectric elastomer–driven actuator system which enables closing and opening of a contactor. The design is based on a combination between circular out-of-plane dielectric elastomer membranes and a bi-stable biasing system which allows to increase the out-of-plane stroke. Characterization of the contactor is initially performed in order to establish the actuator requirements in terms of force and stroke. Then, systematic design and manufacturing are carried out for both dielectric elastomer membranes and biasing mechanism. Finally, the effectiveness of the actuator in closing and opening the contactor is validated experimentally. The results show comparable dynamic performance to a conventional electromagnetic drive, with the additional advantage of a significantly lower energy consumption.

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KURILOV, A. A., I. A. GENERALOV, and A. V. DROBOTOV. "INCREASING PRODUCTION PRODUCTIVITY OF FIVE-AXIS ADDITIVE MACHINE BY CALIBRATION AUTOMATIZATION." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 1 (296) (January 2025): 78–81. https://doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2025-1-296-78-81.

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Automatic installation system of the calibration sensor for multi-axis additive machine is proposed. It automates one of the calibration stages, thereby reducing the preparation time for operation and increasing the accuracy of the sensor installation. In the developed version, the printhead picks up the sensor itself and returns it to its place. The system is simple in design, and only one solenoid is required from additional electrical actuators.

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KURILOV, A. A., I. A. GENERALOV, and I. S. TORUBAROV. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF A FIVE-AXIS 3D PRINTER BY AUTOMATIZING THE CALIBRATION PROCESS." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3 (298) (March 2025): 57–60. https://doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2025-3-298-57-60.

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The system of automatic installation of the calibration sensor for a five-axis 3D printer is proposed, which allows automating one of the calibration stages, thus reducing the preparation time and increasing the accuracy of the sensor installation. In the developed version, the sensor is automatically removed and installed on the print head. The system is simple in design, and only a solenoid is required from additional electrical actuators.

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Kesucz, Flaviu-Nicolae. "Theoretical and experimental aspects of the controlled movement of solenoid actuators by means of the voltage static converter with logic gates." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 13, no. 2 (2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2020-0010.

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Abstract The purpose of the scientific research in this paper is to control the movement of electromechanical actuators, through a new voltage convertor. The optimization of the system consists in finding new solutions to control the movement of electromechanical actuators in the gas valve, used in thermal power plants, which can be operated by static converters - with logic gates.

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Bharilya, Ravindra Kumar, and Rajesh Purohit. "Application of Functionally Graded Nano Material (FGNM) Laminates for Solenoid based Actuators." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 9 (2018): 20736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.458.

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Braun, Tristan, Johannes Reuter, and Joachim Rudolph. "Flatness-Based Feed-Forward Control Design for Solenoid Actuators Considering Eddy Currents." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 15 (2019): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.736.

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Naseradinmousavi, Peiman, and C. Nataraj. "Transient chaos and crisis phenomena in butterfly valves driven by solenoid actuators." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 17, no. 11 (2012): 4336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2012.01.034.

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Ahmed, Sk Ibrar, and Quazi Mohmmad Alfred. "Context aware Secure Collaborative Business Intelligence." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 12, no. 1 (2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2022.12108.

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India can face an shortage of potable and fresh water in the near future. Coherent, efficient, and low-cost methods to monitor water usage are crucial to prevent this alarming issue. Measurement of water usage accompanied with monitoring the purity of water can result in saving of water.In this paper an IoT based complete water flow monitoring system with some added features (Internet of Things) is proposed here. The entire setup is developed using Wi-Fi enabled microcontroller which consists of various sensors and actuators e.g hall effect sensor, pH. sensor, TDS sensor, solenoid valve, etc.Hall effect sensor is mainly used to measure the water flow whereas pH and the TDS sensors are used to measure the purity of water. The solenoid valve is used to control the water supply. To meet the need for fresh and drinkable water a novelsolution is proposed in this paper which is based upon cloud based IoT (Internet of Things)network.

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Huang, Haiming, Linyuan Wu, Junhao Lin, Bin Fang, and Fuchun Sun. "A novel mode controllable hybrid valve pressure control method for soft robotic gripper." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 5 (2018): 172988141880214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418802140.

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Compared with traditional rigid gripper with joint-linkage structure, novel soft robotic gripper gives rise to continuous concern for the advantages of no-damage grasping, convenient manufacture, easy control, and low cost. In this study, we design and built two kinds of soft robotic grippers with four fiber-reinforced soft actuators which are distributed in circular and rectangle shapes for single and twin contacts grasping. A novel hybrid valve pneumatic control scheme combining proportional and solenoid valves is proposed. Also, a mode controllable hybrid valve pressure control method is proposed to adjust internal pressure of soft robotic grippers to adapt to different grasping tasks. The experiment results verify that the performances of hybrid valve outperform those of individual proportional valve or solenoid valve in the aspects of response time and steady-state accuracy. The hybrid valve has wide range of pressure regulation, result in that the soft robotic grippers are qualified to grasp various objects with different shapes, sizes, and weights.

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Todaka, Takashi, D. Yamamichi, and Masato Enokizono. "Measurements of Magnetic Properties of Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-Sm-B Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ribbons Depending on Stress and Temperature." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.122.

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This paper presents measured magnetic and shape memory properties of Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-Sm-B ferromagnetic shape memory ribbons depending on tensile stress and temperature. The samples were produced with the melt spinning method in air and the magnetic properties were measured with an open solenoid type measurement system under controlling their temperature and tensile load. The alloys are multi-functional materials, which have both the ferromagnetic property and shape memory property. The measured results show applicability of the produced ribbon in applications for magnetic sensors and actuators.

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Dülk, Ivor, and Tamás Kovácsházy. "Resistance Estimation in Solenoid Actuators by Considering Different Resistances in the PWM Paths." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 58, no. 3 (2014): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.7353.

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Braun, Tristan, Johannes Reuter, and Joachim Rudolph. "Observer Design for Self-Sensing of Solenoid Actuators With Application to Soft Landing." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 27, no. 4 (2019): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2821656.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solenoid Actuators'

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