Journal articles: 'Solenoidea'

1

Giacomino, Sebastián, and Javier H. Signorelli. "Systematic redescription of Solen (Ensisolen) tehuelchus and Ensis macha (Bivalvia: Solenoidea) from Argentina, southwestern Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 4964, no. 3 (2021): 541–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.6.

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Giacomino, Sebastián, Signorelli, Javier H. (2021): Systematic redescription of Solen (Ensisolen) tehuelchus and Ensis macha (Bivalvia: Solenoidea) from Argentina, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4964 (3): 541-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.6

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Wang, Nianying, Changnan Chen, Pu Chen, et al. "MEMS-Casting Fabricated Chip-Style 3D Metal Solenoidal Transformers towards Integrated Power Supply." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020325.

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A silicon-chip-based 3D metal solenoidal transformer is proposed and developed to achieve AC-DC conversion for integrated power supply applications. With wafer-level micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technique to form the metal casting mold and the following micro-casting technique to rapidly (within 6 min) fill molten ZnAl alloy into the pre-micromachined silicon mold, 45-turns primary solenoid and 7-turns secondary solenoid are fabricated in silicon wafers, where the two intertwining solenoids are located at inner deck and outer deck, respectively. Permalloy soft magnetic core is inserted into a pre-etched channel in the silicon chip, which is surrounded by the solenoids. The size of the chip-style transformer is as small as 8.5 mm × 6.6 mm × 2.5 mm. The internal resistance of the primary solenoid is 1.82 Ω and that of the secondary solenoid is 0.16 Ω. The working frequency of the transformer is 60 kHz. Combined with the testing circuit of the switch mode power supply, the DC voltage of 13.02 V is obtained when the input is 110 V at 50 Hz/60 Hz. Furthermore, the on-chip 3D solenoidal transformer is used for lighting four LEDs, which shows great potential for AC-DC power supply. The wafer-level fabricated chip-style solenoidal AC-DC transformer for integrated power supply is advantageous in uniform fabrication, small size and volume applications.

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Hessel, Maria Helena. "Gervillia (Gervillia) solenoidea Defrance, 1820 (Bivalvia, Bakevelliidae) do Neo-Aptiano de Sergipe, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 7, no. 1 (2004): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2004.1.05.

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Wang, Nianying, Ruofeng Han, Changnan Chen, Jiebin Gu, and Xinxin Li. "Double-Deck Metal Solenoids 3D Integrated in Silicon Wafer for Kinetic Energy Harvester." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010074.

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A silicon-chip based double-deck three-dimensional (3D) solenoidal electromagnetic (EM) kinetic energy harvester is developed to convert low-frequency (<100 Hz) vibrational energy into electricity with high efficiency. With wafer-level micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication to form a metal casting mold and the following casting technique to rapidly (within minutes) fill molten ZnAl alloy into the pre-micromachined silicon mold, the 300-turn solenoid coils (150 turns for either inner solenoid or outer solenoid) are fabricated in silicon wafers for saw dicing into chips. A cylindrical permanent magnet is inserted into a pre-etched channel for sliding upon external vibration, which is surrounded by the solenoids. The size of the harvester chip is as small as 10.58 mm × 2.06 mm × 2.55 mm. The internal resistance of the solenoids is about 17.9 Ω. The maximum peak-to-peak voltage and average power output are measured as 120.4 mV and 43.7 μW. The EM energy harvester shows great improvement in power density, which is 786 μW/cm3 and the normalized power density is 98.3 μW/cm3/g. The EM energy harvester is verified by experiment to be able to generate electricity through various human body movements of walking, running and jumping. The wafer-level fabricated chip-style solenoidal EM harvesters are advantageous in uniform performance, small size and volume applications.

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5

BUZZARD, GREGERY T. "Extensions of Hénon maps to the closed 4-ball." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 20, no. 5 (2000): 1319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700000717.

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Any polynomial automorphism of $\mathbb{C}^2$ with nontrivial dynamics is conjugate to a diffeomorphism of the 4-ball such that this diffeomorphism extends to a diffeomorphism of the closed 4-ball. Moreover, the conjugating map is a smooth bijection of $\mathbb{C}^2$ to itself. On the sphere at infinity, the extension has an attracting and a repelling solenoid, and the dynamics near these invariant solenoids are described by conjugation to a model solenoidal map.

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Saparullah, Saparullah, Hana Indah Pertiwi Arimi, and Resti Ayu Ningrum. "Analisis Medan Magnet Di Luar Sumbu Solenoida Dengan Sensor Efek Hall SS49E 3 Dimensi." Jurnal Mosfet 5, no. 1 (2025): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.31850/jmosfet.v5i1.3645.

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This study analyzes the distribution of the magnetic field outside a solenoid using an experimental and theoretical approach with the Hall effect sensor SS49E, amplified by the IC LM358. Measurements were conducted in three dimensions to characterize the magnetic field along the solenoid. The experimental results indicate that the magnetic field distribution is non-uniform, with the highest intensity near the solenoid's ends and a minimum value at its center. Empirical data were compared with a theoretical model based on Biot-Savart’s law, showing a 98% correlation, which indicates the accuracy of the measurement method used. This research provides additional insights into the magnetic field outside solenoids and it can be an excellent school project for undergraduate students.

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Drača, Sebastian. "KONCEPTI RADA LINEARNOG SOLENOIDA I EKSPERIMENTALNO ODREĐIVANJE USLOVA NJEGOVOG UPRAVLJANJA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, no. 08 (2021): 1416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/13ih01draca.

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Rad predstavlja opis algoritma za upravljanje linearnim solenoidom kao i eksperimentalnu prezentaciju naĉina njegovog rada. Opisuje osnovne stvari vezane za upravljanje solenoidom i objašnjava osnovne koncepte upravljanja solenoida kao aktuatora u zavisnosti od faktora koji utiču na njegovo upravljanje. Eksperimentalno opisuju brzinu promene temperature prilikom rada solenoida u standardnim uslovima.

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8

Ha, Hyejin, Taehun Jang, Sang Ho Sohn, and Junghwa Kim. "Magnetic Force between a Multilayered Solenoid and a Magnet." Physics Teacher 60, no. 8 (2022): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0053248.

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A solenoid is a coil wound many times on a cylinder of length greater than its diameter. Solenoids are mainly used as electromagnets, because a magnetic field is formed when current flows through a solenoid. The solenoid described in secondary school and university textbooks is a single-layered solenoid. Further, textbooks and papers focusing on education primarily describe the magnetic fields caused by infinite solenoids. However, most solenoids used in laboratory or daily life are finite solenoids with multiple layers to achieve a strong magnetic field. Examples include solenoid valves, Faraday rotators, and modulators.

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9

GIACOMINO, SEBASTIÁN, and JAVIER H. SIGNORELLI. "Systematic redescription of Solen (Ensisolen) tehuelchus and Ensis macha (Bivalvia: Solenoidea) from Argentina, southwestern Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 4964, no. 3 (2021): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.6.

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In the present study, bivalves belonging to the superfamily Solenoidea that inhabit the Argentinean Sea are redescribed. The specimens studied in this work were collected by scuba diving in the Gulf of San José, Argentina. Additional specimens from different malacological collections were revised to update the geographical distribution of valid species. According to the literature, there exist two species for the “Argentinean” and “Magellan” biogeographical provinces. However, ten nominal taxa, with uncertain taxonomic status, have been mentioned for the study area. Field work, local collection survey and type material examination allow confirming two valid species: Solen (Ensisolen) tehuelchus Hanley (Solenidae) and Ensis macha (Molina) (Pharidae). A morphological comparison between S. tehuelchus and S. gaudichaudi Chenu and S. obliqua Spengler is provided as well type locality, repository and synonymy list. The type material of all related species are illustrated whenever possible. Establishing the valid names of these species is the first step towards more integrative studies including genetic and zoogeographical analyses.

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Yuan, Yang, Qi Li, Hong Yu, and Lingfeng Kong. "The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Six Heterodont Bivalves (Tellinoidea and Solenoidea): Variable Gene Arrangements and Phylogenetic Implications." PLoS ONE 7, no. 2 (2012): e32353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032353.

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11

Korendiy, Vitaliy, Oleksandr Kachur, Roman Litvin, et al. "Simulation and experimental testing of locomotion characteristics of a vibration-driven system with a solenoid-type actuator." Vibroengineering Procedia 56 (October 18, 2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2024.24591.

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Solenoids are commonly used in numerous industrial applications, where they convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. The present paper is focused on implementing a solenoid-type actuator in vibration-driven locomotion systems. The primary purpose of this study is simulation and experimental testing of the dynamic behavior of a wheeled vibratory robot taking into account the operational conditions of a solenoid-type vibration exciter. The research methodology involves the use of the SolidWorks software to simulate the robot’s locomotion, TinkerCAD software – to model the operation of a solenoid’s control system, and experimental investigations – to test the kinematic characteristics of the full-scale prototype of the vibration-driven robot. The results obtained by means of computer simulation and experimental studies are presented as time plots, displaying the robot’s body displacement, speed, and acceleration at different operational conditions of the solenoid-type actuator. The major scientific novelty of the present study consists in further development and improvement of the existent excitation principles and simulation models of the vibration-driven locomotion systems and wheeled robots. The obtained results are valuable for researchers and engineers working on investigating and designing of various vibratory locomotion systems, e.g., for pipeline inspection and cleaning.

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12

Hu, Ming-Sen. "The design and development of an automatic transmission solenoid tester for wheeled vehicles." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (2020): 168781402091474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020914740.

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Solenoids are the most critical components in automatic transmissions. They are used to control the shift points, clutch locking, or pressure regulation of automatic transmissions. Since the number, type, and order of the solenoids all differ when they are used in different vendor’s automatic transmissions, making accurate normal/abnormal decisions for solenoids is very difficult, as it can lower the maintenance quality, to waste labor and material cost, and even reduce driving safety. This article proposes an “abnormal” inspecting method (i.e. for abnormality) for solenoids with high inspect ability and develops a learnable automatic transmission solenoid tester. This tester can perform solenoid testing on multiple channels at the same time. The test result statistics for all channel solenoids tested are generated automatically. It also provides visibility for users to view the difference comparisons of testing curves of temperature, pressure, voltage, current, and resistance on a graphical screen. The curve visibility function will be helpful for the solenoid diagnosis of abnormal or fault reasons.

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13

Alexandrov, Dmitry A., Irina V. Martirosian, Sergey V. Pokrovskii, Victoria V. Zaletkina, and Igor A. Rudnev. "Energy capacity and energy losses of inductive energy storage device based on composite HTS tapes." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 10, no. 2 (2024): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst632274.

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Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of toroidal and solenoidal configurations of a superconducting inductive energy storage device using CORC® and racetrack cables made from high-temperature superconducting tapes. Methods. A numerical multiphysics analysis of inductive energy storage device was performed using the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics engineering modeling environment. Results. The analysis revealed that the CORC® cable in a solenoid configuration, with a transport current density to critical current density ratio of 0.7 at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, was the most suitable for inductive energy storage. Conclusion. The developed numerical model allows to calculate energy capacity and energy losses in superconducting inductive energy storage devices configured as solenoids or toroids. This model can be applied to the development of inductive storage devices made from HTS composites.

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14

Meng, Yiping, Liyuan Lv, Zhihua Lin, Demin Zhang, and Yinghui Dong. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of Sinonovacula rivularis and Novaculina chinensis and their phylogenetic relationships within family Pharidae." ZooKeys 1232 (March 19, 2025): 249–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.139844.

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Pharidae is one of the most ecologically and commercially significant families of marine Bivalvia; however, the taxonomy and phylogeny of Pharidae has been ongoing for quite some time and remains a contentious issue. Here, to resolve some problematical relationships among this family, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Sinonovacula rivularis (17,159 bp) and Novaculina chinensis (15,957 bp) were assembled, and a comparative mitochondrial genomic analysis was conducted. Both mitogenomes contain 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. Among the published Pharidae mitogenomes, N. chinensis exhibited the smallest genome size but the highest AT content. The results of the phylogenetic trees confirmed the monophyly of the family Solenoidea, and indicated that N. chinensis and Sinonovacula (S. constricta and S. rivularis) were closely related in the family Pharidae. From the CREx analysis, we found that transposition and tandem duplication random losses (TDRLs) might have occurred between Pharidae and Solenidae. Moreover, positive selection was detected in nad5 of the foreground N. chinensis, and divergent evolution occurred at site 144 in the freshwater and marine lineages. Overall, our findings provide new molecular data on the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of Pharidae, and contribute to unraveling the salinity adaptations of Pharidae.

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15

Biś, Andrzej, and Agnieszka Namiecińska. "Hausdorff Dimension and Topological Entropies of a Solenoid." Entropy 22, no. 5 (2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22050506.

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The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the interrelations between three essentially different concepts: solenoids, topological entropy, and Hausdorff dimension. For this purpose, we describe the dynamics of a solenoid by topological entropy-like quantities and investigate the relations between them. For L-Lipschitz solenoids and locally λ — expanding solenoids, we show that the topological entropy and fractal dimensions are closely related. For a locally λ — expanding solenoid, we prove that its topological entropy is lower estimated by the Hausdorff dimension of X multiplied by the logarithm of λ .

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Yu, Yanan, Yingyi Jiao, and Junlong Zhang. "Description of a new species of the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia, Pharidae) from the South China Sea, based on integrative taxonomy." Zoosystematics and Evolution 100, no. 2 (2024): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.113972.

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The present study describes a new species within the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 collected from the South China Sea. An integrative taxonomic approach incorporating morphological comparisons, geometric morphometrics and genetic analyses was used to identify and differentiate the new species. Cultellus exilissp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by its slender, fragile and translucent valves, curved posteroventral margins and relatively large protractor scars. The geometric morphometric analyses, based on outlines data, indicated that samples of Cultellus exilissp. nov. clustered together and were distinctly separated from other species. Multiple species delimitation results, based on the mitochondrial COI gene, support the separation of Cultellus exilissp. nov. from its related congeners. Phylogenetic analyses of a nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) genes using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods revealed that the species belongs to the genus Cultellus. The superfamily Solenoidea Lamarck, 1809, which includes the families Solenidae Lamarck, 1809 and Pharidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856, exhibits closer affinity to the family Hiatellidae Gray, 1824 than to Solecurtidae d’Orbigny, 1846. Furthermore, we found that the genus Siliqua was clustered alongside the genera Ensiculus and Phaxas as a sister clade, which contradicts the current systematics of the subfamily within the family Pharidae. This work highlights the utility of integrative taxonomy for species identification, recognition and phylogenetic investigation.

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17

Meng, Yiping, Liyuan Lv, Zhihua Lin, Demin Zhang, and Yinghui Dong. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of Sinonovacula rivularis and Novaculina chinensis and their phylogenetic relationships within family Pharidae." ZooKeys 1232 (March 19, 2025): 249–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.139844.

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Pharidae is one of the most ecologically and commercially significant families of marine Bivalvia; however, the taxonomy and phylogeny of Pharidae has been ongoing for quite some time and remains a contentious issue. Here, to resolve some problematical relationships among this family, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Sinonovacula rivularis (17,159 bp) and Novaculina chinensis (15,957 bp) were assembled, and a comparative mitochondrial genomic analysis was conducted. Both mitogenomes contain 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. Among the published Pharidae mitogenomes, N. chinensis exhibited the smallest genome size but the highest AT content. The results of the phylogenetic trees confirmed the monophyly of the family Solenoidea, and indicated that N. chinensis and Sinonovacula (S. constricta and S. rivularis) were closely related in the family Pharidae. From the CREx analysis, we found that transposition and tandem duplication random losses (TDRLs) might have occurred between Pharidae and Solenidae. Moreover, positive selection was detected in nad5 of the foreground N. chinensis, and divergent evolution occurred at site 144 in the freshwater and marine lineages. Overall, our findings provide new molecular data on the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of Pharidae, and contribute to unraveling the salinity adaptations of Pharidae.

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18

Ishikuro, K., K. Takahashi, T. Sasaki, et al. "Effect of solenoidal magnetic field on ion charge state distribution in laser ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012061.

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Abstract Applying a solenoidal magnetic field to a laser produced plasma is a method to increase the ion beam current supplied from a laser ion source to applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the solenoid magnetic field on the charge state distribution of the ion beam extracted from the laser ion source. A plasma generated by a Nd: YAG laser was injected into the solenoid lens with a length of 25 mm. The current waveforms of ion beams extracted from the laser produced plasmas were measured as a function of solenoidal field strength. In addition, the variation of beam current waveforms for each charge state ion was investigated. The results indicated that the charge state distribution in the plasma was kept after focusing by the solenoid magnetic field.

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Yu, Yanan, Yingyi Jiao, and Junlong Zhang. "Description of a new species of the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia, Pharidae) from the South China Sea, based on integrative taxonomy." Zoosystematics and Evolution 100, no. (2) (2024): 425–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.113972.

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The present study describes a new species within the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 collected from the South China Sea. An integrative taxonomic approach incorporating morphological comparisons, geometric morphometrics and genetic analyses was used to identify and differentiate the new species. Cultellus exilis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by its slender, fragile and translucent valves, curved posteroventral margins and relatively large protractor scars. The geometric morphometric analyses, based on outlines data, indicated that samples of Cultellus exilis sp. nov. clustered together and were distinctly separated from other species. Multiple species delimitation results, based on the mitochondrial COI gene, support the separation of Cultellus exilis sp. nov. from its related congeners. Phylogenetic analyses of a nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) genes using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods revealed that the species belongs to the genus Cultellus. The superfamily Solenoidea Lamarck, 1809, which includes the families Solenidae Lamarck, 1809 and Pharidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856, exhibits closer affinity to the family Hiatellidae Gray, 1824 than to Solecurtidae d'Orbigny, 1846. Furthermore, we found that the genus Siliqua was clustered alongside the genera Ensiculus and Phaxas as a sister clade, which contradicts the current systematics of the subfamily within the family Pharidae. This work highlights the utility of integrative taxonomy for species identification, recognition and phylogenetic investigation.

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Yi, Inhyeop. "Conjugacy of Dynamical Systems on Self-Similar Groups." Mathematics 8, no. 2 (2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8020226.

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We show that the limits for dynamical systems of self-similar groups are eventually conjugate if, and only if, there is an isomorphism between their Deaconu groupoid preserving cocycles. For limit solenoids of self-similar groups, we show that the conjugacy of limit solenoids is equivalent to existence of isomorphism between the Deaconu groupoids of limit solenoid preserving cocycles.

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Conner, Gregory R., Mark Meilstrup, and Dušan Repovš. "The geometry and fundamental groups of solenoid complements." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 24, no. 14 (2015): 1550069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216515500698.

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A solenoid is an inverse limit of circles. When a solenoid is embedded in three space, its complement is an open three manifold. We discuss the geometry and fundamental groups of such manifolds, and show that the complements of different solenoids (arising from different inverse limits) have different fundamental groups. Embeddings of the same solenoid can give different groups; in particular, the nicest embeddings are unknotted at each level, and give an Abelian fundamental group, while other embeddings have non-Abelian groups. We show using geometry that every solenoid has uncountably many embeddings with nonhomeomorphic complements.

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Sai Tharun, G., K. Anasuya Samhitha, D. Honey, et al. "Exploring Electromagnetic Engine Propulsion: Design of a Next-Gen Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 591 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459103004.

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The pursuit of innovative and sustainable engine technologies has led to the exploration of electromagnetic solenoid engines as a potential alternative to traditional internal combustion engines, specifically within the context of electric vehicles (EVs). This work aims to design, build, and test a prototype electromagnetic solenoid engine, leveraging the principles of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion suitable for EV applications. The solenoid engine operates by using electric current to generate a magnetic field within solenoids, which in turn drives a piston to produce linear motion. Through detailed simulations and experimental prototypes, key performance metrics such as energy efficiency, power output, thermal management, and system durability are examined. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of various design parameters, including solenoid coil configuration, magnetic materials, and control strategies, on the overall performance of the engine. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of using electromagnetic solenoids for electric vehicle propulsion, highlighting potential benefits in terms of reduced emissions, lower noise levels, and enhanced efficiency. This research contributes to the advancement of green propulsion technologies, providing valuable insights for the development of next-generation sustainable engines for electric vehicles.

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Zhou, Qi. "Magnetic Actuating Alcolock Device with Double Plunger Solenoids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.101.

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In order to construct a simply structured alcolock device for autocar steering safety, the plunger solenoid with the conical face pole form is utilized to fabricate a electromagnetic actuating unit with double plunger solenoids. The unit can generate a electromagnetic actuation with long travel to complete the coverage of auto start-up lock hole and hence to stop the vehicle launch; the magnetic actuation is controlled by using a alcohol sensing system, and the shutting function for starting-up lock hole is generated by a baffle installed at the top of plunger solenoids as the actuating control is started up on the basis of an alcohol sensing signal. The plunger solenoid with conical face pole form possesses the output characteristic of long stroke and steady stroke force.

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Malcolm, Ian C. "Mutual inductance between an infinite solenoid and a surrounding loop—A paradox resolved." American Journal of Physics 92, no. 6 (2024): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0172133.

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Students may calculate the mutual inductance between an infinite solenoid and a surrounding circular loop using an incorrect method that yields the correct answer, causing frustration and confusion. A physical explanation for the agreement of the two methods is provided that is based on the translational symmetry of the solenoid. As a consequence, the conclusion generalizes to infinite uniform solenoids of arbitrary cross section.

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Shitole, Amol, Pavan Kotari, Poonam Magdum, Omkar Sutar, Swapnil Toraskar, and Prajakta R. Patil. "Solenoid Operated Gear Shifting Mechanism for Two Wheeler." Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2018): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2018.7.2.2452.

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Solenoid operated gear shifting mechanism is mainly designed for the handicapped persons who unable to shift the gears by their foot. The technique used in this gear shifting mechanism consists of solenoid. Solenoid completes one up and down motion called as one stroke. This stroke time depend on supplied voltage and current. According to stroke length and voltage calculation, solenoids are mounted on both sides of gear shifting pedal at ends. By pressing that switch, person easily shifts the gear with the help of foot which is most efficient to handicapped persons.

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Yi, Inhyeop. "Self-Similar Inverse Semigroups from Wieler Solenoids." Mathematics 8, no. 2 (2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8020266.

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Wieler showed that every irreducible Smale space with totally disconnected local stable sets is an inverse limit system, called a Wieler solenoid. We study self-similar inverse semigroups defined by s-resolving factor maps of Wieler solenoids. We show that the groupoids of germs and the tight groupoids of these inverse semigroups are equivalent to the unstable groupoids of Wieler solenoids. We also show that the C ∗ -algebras of the groupoids of germs have a unique tracial state.

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Ivanov, B. V. "Gravitational Effects in a Spherical Solenoid." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 05 (1997): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397000285.

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The weak field approximation is applied to the Ernst equations in the magnetovac case. The global gravitational solution induced by the magnetic field of a spherical solenoid is found. Effects like the acceleration at rest and the tension in the solenoid's shell are studied.

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Dr. Ch. Rambabu, B. Dharani, A.S.L. Manogna, J. Bindu Sri, and J. Akshay Kumar. "Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Modern Solenoids Using ANSYS." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1786–89. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2025.0258.

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The efficiency and performance of solenoid actuators are highly dependent on material selection, which influences key electromagnetic properties such as force generation, Solenoids play a critical role in various engineering applications, including automotive systems, electromagnetic actuators, industrial automation, and magnetic flux density, and energy efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of different core materials on solenoid performance using finite element analysis (FEA). A solenoid actuator model is developed in ANSYS Maxwell, where six soft magnetic materials—Cast Iron, Hyperco50, Iron, Steel 1008, Steel 1010, and NO20—are analyzed under identical operating conditions. The study investigates magnetic field distribution, force output using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate transient electromagnetic behavior.

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AFSAR, ZAHRA, ASTRID AN HUEF, IAIN RAEBURN, and AIDAN SIMS. "Equilibrium states on higher-rank Toeplitz non-commutative solenoids." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 40, no. 11 (2019): 2881–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2019.20.

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We consider a family of higher-dimensional non-commutative tori, which are twisted analogues of the algebras of continuous functions on ordinary tori and their Toeplitz extensions. Just as solenoids are inverse limits of tori, our Toeplitz non-commutative solenoids are direct limits of the Toeplitz extensions of non-commutative tori. We consider natural dynamics on these Toeplitz algebras, and we compute the equilibrium states for these dynamics. We find a large simplex of equilibrium states at each positive inverse temperature, parametrized by the probability measures on an (ordinary) solenoid.

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Lind, D. A., and T. Ward. "Automorphisms of solenoids and p-adic entropy." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 8, no. 3 (1988): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700004545.

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AbstractWe show that a full solenoid is locally the product of a euclidean component and p-adic components for each rational prime p. An automorphism of a solenoid preserves these components, and its topological entropy is shown to be the sum of the euclidean and p-adic contributions. The p-adic entropy of the corresponding rational matrix is computed using its p-adic eigenvalues, and this is used to recover Yuzvinskii's calculation of entropy for solenoidal automorphisms. The proofs apply Bowen's investigation of entropy for uniformly continuous transformations to linear maps over the adele ring of the rationals.

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Алексеев, Геннадий, Gennadii Alekseev, Ольга Егорова, et al. "Spray Drying of Food Suspensions: Upgrading Capabilities." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 49, no. 1 (2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-1-70-76.

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Spray drying is currently used to obtain powder products from suspensions. It is considered the most effective type of drying for such media. The complexity of the drying process is associated with thermal destruction of components, which degrades the properties of the product and imposes significant restrictions on temperature condition. The present research features the simulation of transient modes of operation of the solenoids to generate a controlled cavitation effect when applied to a stream of acoustic vibrations using a magnetostrictive generator of ultrasound. The authors propose a new design of spray nozzle for drying suspensions with counter-connected solenoids. Such solenoids can cause deformation of the main suspension supply line. The intensity of the cavitation processes depends on the dynamics of the solenoid actuation. The paper introduces a mathematical modeling of transient modes of operation for ultrasonic frequency generator solenoids that create a controlled cavitation effect when applied to the jet of acoustic oscillations of this frequency. When modeling the process of operation of solenoids, the main criterion for changing the intensity of cavitation is the average rate of change in the volume of the cavity at the stage of its collapse, related to one cycle of oscillations for a spherical cavity. An increase in the static pressure of the liquid led to a shift in the phase of the collapse of the cavity. As a result of the chosen mathematical model, a numerical experiment with modeling in the MathCAD program was carried out. It revealed some graphical dependences of the change in U(t), L(t), and R(t). The obtained data allow one to predict the ballast induction and active load (R, L) for the control of transients in the solenoid of the ultrasonic generator. These dependences make it possible to choose more effective parameters for drying suspensions, which is especially important for heat- sensitive components.

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Elmer, K. F., and C. R. Gentle. "A parsimonious model for the proportional control valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 11 (2001): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011524739.

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A generic non-linear dynamic model of a direct-acting electrohydraulic proportional solenoid valve is presented. The valve consists of two subsystems—a spool assembly and one or two unidirectional proportional solenoids. These two subsystems are modelled separately. The solenoid is modelled as a non-linear resistor-inductor combination, with inductance parameters that change with current. An innovative modelling method has been used to represent these components. The spool assembly is modelled as a mass-spring-damper system. The inertia and the damping effects of the solenoid armature are incorporated in the spool model. The model accurately and reliably predicts both the dynamic and steady state responses of the valve to voltage inputs. Simulated results are presented, which agree well with experimental results.

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Joudah Hussein, Bushra. "Effect the Magnetic Field on the Focus of Ion Beam from Plasma Source." Journal of Kufa-Physics 16, no. 01 (2024): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2024/v16.i01.14242.

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One of the main component transport systems is a solenoid magnet, so in this study, a computational study was carried out to calculate some parameters of a solenoidal magnet. The most efficient technique to describe and track the charged particle beam along any optical system (in this example, a plasma source and two drift space areas before and after the solenoid magnet) is by theoretical analysis utilizing matrix representation, which has been provided. The configuration of the ion optical system necessary to create the magnetic identification focus and defocus the ion beam to the target using Matlab computational tools determines many magnet design elements, including magnetic rigidity, magnification, and focusing strength factor. The results demonstrate that a solenoid magnet functions as a convergent lens but can, under some circumstances, transform into a divergent lens. Additionally, changes in the solenoid magnetic field (B) affect the focusing of the beam that passes through the system, as indicated by the magnification values.

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Ogitsu, Toru, Masami Iio, Naritoshi Kawamura, and Makoto Yoshida. "Development of Radiation-Tolerant HTS Magnet for Muon Production Solenoid." Instruments 4, no. 4 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4040030.

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Superconducting magnets are widely used in accelerator science applications. Muon production solenoids are applications that have recently attracted considerable public attention, after the approval of muon-related physics projects such as coherent muon to electron transition or muon-to-electron-conversion experiments. Based on its characteristics, muon production solenoids tend to be subjected to high radiation exposure, which results in a high heat load being applied to the solenoid magnet, thus limiting the superconducting magnet operation, especially for low-temperature superconductors such as niobium titanium alloy. However, the use of high-temperature superconductors may extend the operation capabilities owing to their functionality at higher temperatures. This study reviews the characteristics of high temperature superconductor magnets in high-radiation environments and their potential for application to muon production solenoids.

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Baskoro, Ario Sunar, Tuparjono, Erwanto, S. Frisman, Adrian Yogi, and Winarto. "Improvement of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding Penetration Using the Effect of Electromagnetic Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.558.

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Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is a process which an electric arc generated by the tungsten electrode to the workpiece and the welding area protected by a protective gas. Arc shape can be affected by electromagnetic force. In previous study, the use of some electromagnetic field around the arc has influenced the welding results. In this study, electromagnetic field generated from the solenoids was given to the welding arc. Welding process was conducted on Stainless Steel. The electromagnetic field made the arc becomes deflected. This deflection was controlled by the solenoid by activating it using a microcontroller. The results showed that the use of solenoid as a source of electromagnetic field has influenced the welding arc. Penetration produced by using a solenoid has deeper penetration than welding process without using solenoid. The increase of the welding power efficiency was 10.9% for arc current I = 80 A and 9.85% for arc current I = 90 A.

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Bezzina, L. T., E. C. Simpson, D. J. Hinde, M. Dasgupta, I. P. Carter, and D. C. Rafferty. "Measuring precise fusion cross sections using an 8T superconducting solenoid." EPJ Web of Conferences 232 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023203003.

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A novel fusion-evaporation residue separator based on a gas-filled superconducting solenoid has been developed at the Australian National University. Though the transmission efficiency of the solenoid is very high, precision cross sections measurements require this efficiency to be accurately known and vitally, requires knowledge of the angular distribution of the evaporation residues. We have developed a method to deduce the angular distribution of the evaporation residues from the laboratory-frame velocity distribution of the evaporation residues transmitted by the solenoid. The method will be discussed, focusing on benchmarking examples for 34S+89Y, where the angular distributions have been independently measured using a velocity filter (A. Mukherjee et al., Phys. Rev. C. 66, 034607 (2002)) . The establishment of this method now allows the novel solenoidal separator to be used to obtain reliable, precise fusion cross-sections.

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Gopal, Sharan, and Faiz Imam. "Periodic points of solenoidal automorphisms in terms of inverse limits." Applied General Topology 22, no. 2 (2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/agt.2021.14589.

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In this paper, we describe the periodic points of automorphisms of a one dimensional solenoid, considering it as the inverse limit, lim←k (S 1 , γk) of a sequence (γk) of maps on the circle S 1 . The periodic points are discussed for a class of automorphisms on some higher dimensional solenoids also.

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Nanahara, M., Y. Okui, S. Cai, T. Mizuno, H. Yamagami, and H. Yamada. "Dimensional Ratio of Solenoids for a Solenoid-Type Electromagnetic Launcher." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 21, no. 4_2 (1997): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.21.825.

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Kajima, T., and Y. Kawamura. "Development of a high-speed solenoid valve: investigation of solenoids." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 42, no. 1 (1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.345838.

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Muddasir, Fadhil, and Siti Nurul Khotimah. "Simulasi Numerik Distribusi Medan Magnet Aksial dan Radial pada Solenoida Berhingga Berbasis MATLAB." Jurnal sosial dan sains 5, no. 6 (2025): 1603–13. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i6.32267.

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This study aims to numerically analyze the distribution of axial and radial magnetic fields in a finite solenoid using MATLAB software. The simulation is based on classical magnetic field theory, particularly the Biot–Savart law, along with Pathak's analytical approach for modeling the radial field component. The primary focus is to understand the magnetic field behavior around a solenoid of finite length, which is commonly used in various electromagnetic applications. The simulation results reveal that the axial magnetic field remains relatively uniform within the central region of the solenoid but decreases significantly near its ends due to the fringe field effect. Meanwhile, the radial magnetic field outside the solenoid exhibits an exponential decay with increasing radial distance from the axis, consistent with the behavior of a magnetic dipole field. These findings offer preliminary validation of the theoretical models applied in the simulation while emphasizing the need for further experimental verification. This research is expected to contribute to the design, development, and optimization of experimental devices involving finite solenoids, particularly in applied physics and electromagnetic engineering contexts.

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Mariscotti, A. "Measuring the Stray Capacitance of Solenoids with a Transmitting and a Receiving Coil." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 1 (2011): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0005-4.

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Measuring the Stray Capacitance of Solenoids with a Transmitting and a Receiving CoilAir core solenoids, possibly single layer and with significant spacing between turns, are often used to ensure low stray capacitance, as they are used as part of many sensors and instruments. The problem of the correct estimation of the stray capacitance is relevant both during design and to validate measurement results; the expected value is so low to be influenced by any stray capacitance of the external measurement instrument. A simplified method is proposed that does not perturb the stray capacitance of the solenoid under test; the method is based on resonance with an external capacitor and on the use of a linear regression technique.

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DEELEY, ROBIN J., and ALLAN YASHINSKI. "The stable algebra of a Wieler solenoid: inductive limits and -theory." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 40, no. 10 (2019): 2734–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2019.17.

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Wieler has shown that every irreducible Smale space with totally disconnected stable sets is a solenoid (i.e., obtained via a stationary inverse limit construction). Using her construction, we show that the associated stable $C^{\ast }$-algebra is the stationary inductive limit of a $C^{\ast }$-stable Fell algebra that has a compact spectrum and trivial Dixmier–Douady invariant. This result applies in particular to Williams solenoids along with other examples. Beyond the structural implications of this inductive limit, one can use this result to, in principle, compute the $K$-theory of the stable $C^{\ast }$-algebra. A specific one-dimensional Smale space (the $aab/ab$-solenoid) is considered as an illustrative running example throughout.

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Naik, Nithesh, Chandrasekhar Bhat, Pallanti Rao, J. Christopher, Faber Saldanha, and Prajwal Shenoy. "Simulation of Contact Bouncing Behavior in Starter Solenoid and Exploring Potential Feasible Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.204.

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In this paper, investigation on starter solenoid to develop a generalized model based simulation methodology to simulate contact bounce characteristics and tuning of the parameters to reduce or eliminate the contact bounce in existing solenoids complying with all functional and cost constraints. Using the measured data, a generalized model based simulation methodology is built using Matlab Simulink to establish contact bouncing characteristics, which is highly non-linear in nature, under various conditions/parametric variations like electromagnetic force, air gap, hard stops, spring rate and mass. The simulation model reveals that the contact bounce is reduced to zero when the stiffness of the spindle spring is in the range of 1050 N/m to 1250 N/m. Thus we can conclude that the methodology adopted helps in understanding the characteristics of existing solenoids and providing practical suggestions for potential feasible modifications that can be incorporated in the existing solenoids so as to tune their physical system parameters for an optimum response.

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MA, JIMING, and BIN YU. "GENUS TWO SMALE–WILLIAMS SOLENOID ATTRACTORS IN 3-MANIFOLDS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 20, no. 06 (2011): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216511009108.

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Using alternating Heegaard diagrams, we construct some 3-manifolds which admit diffeomorphisms such that the non-wandering sets of the diffeomorphisms are composed of Smale–Williams solenoid attractors and repellers. An interesting example is the truncated-cube space. In addition, we prove that if the nonwandering set of the diffeomorphism consists of genus two Smale–Williams solenoids, then the Heegaard genus of the closed manifold is at most two.

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Kajima, Takashi, and Yoshihisa Kawamura. "Development of a High-Speed Solenoid Valve. Investigation of the Solenoids." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 114, no. 7/8 (1994): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.114.769.

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Wu, Linlin, and Kaiyuan Lu. "A Development Study of a New Bi-directional Solenoid Actuator for Active Locomotion Capsule Robots." Electronics 9, no. 5 (2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050736.

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A new bi-directional, simple-structured solenoid actuator for active locomotion capsule robots (CRs) is investigated in this paper. This active actuator consists of two permanent magnets (PMs) attached to the two ends of the capsule body and a vibration inner mass formed by a solenoidal coil with an iron core. The proposed CR, designed as a sealed structure without external legs, wheels, or caterpillars, can achieve both forward and backward motions driven by the internal collision force. This new design concept has been successfully confirmed on a capsule prototype. The measured displacements show that its movement can be easily controlled by changing the supplied current amplitude and frequency of the solenoid actuator. To validate the new bi-directional CR prototype, various experimental as well as finite element analysis results are presented in this paper.

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Takahashi, Kazunori, and Ryoji Imai. "Two-dimensional deflection of a plasma plume exhausted from a magnetically steered radiofrequency plasma thruster." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 5 (2022): 054501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090476.

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Two-dimensional steering of a magnetic nozzle in a radio frequency plasma thruster is performed by mounting four small additional solenoids in addition to a main solenoid providing the axisymmetric magnetic nozzle. The cross-sectional profile of the ion saturation current is measured by a Langmuir probe array aligned along the radial axis, which is rotated to perform the spatial scan in the cross section of the plume. The measurements show that the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal deflections of the plume can be controlled by the electric currents supplied to the four additional solenoids. Since the deflections of the magnetic nozzle and the plume can provide the thrust vector control as demonstrated in previous studies, the present result leads a two-dimensional thrust vector control in the magnetic nozzle radio frequency plasma thruster.

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Triwerdani, Arum, Syaifudin Syaifudin, Bedjo Utomo, and Abdul Basit. "Mechanical Fetal Simulator for Fetal Doppler Testing." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 4, no. 2 (2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v4i2.5.

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The continuous use of fetal Doppler allows for discrepancies in values that lead to misdiagnoses in patients. This study aims to determine the effect of sound source distance on the fetal simulator with the measurement point. The contribution of this research is that the mechanical fetal heart system has 4 distances so that later it can be analyzed whether there is an influence of the location of the sound source on the accuracy of measurements using a fetal simulator. To get the desired distance, a solenoid is used which ends with a pipe of 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 50 cm respectively. The solenoid used in the fetal simulator functions as a producer of the fetal heart. There is a rotary switch that functions for solenoid selection, namely 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm solenoids. Data collection was carried out on each solenoid and by placing the Doppler probe perpendicular and tilted. On the solenoid with a distance of 50 cm all measurement results exceed the allowable tolerance limit. The results showed that the BPM value of the two Doppler brands did not have a significant difference in value. When measuring fetal Doppler, the largest error value was 2.67%. The results of this study can be used as a reference when conducting an examination

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Kachur, Oleksandr, Vitaliy Korendiy, Viktor Zakharov, Volodymyr Borovets, Oleksandr Havrylchenko, and Roman Palash. "Practical implementation and experimental testing of control system for vibratory lapping-polishing machine." Vibroengineering Procedia 50 (September 21, 2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23567.

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Vibratory technological machines are widely implemented in various branches of industrial, manufacturing, and mechanical engineering. Particularly, such equipment can be effectively used while conducting finishing technological operations, e.g., lapping and polishing of different machine parts. The present paper is focused on developing the control system for the novel design of a vibratory lapping-polishing machine driven by six solenoids. The main purpose consists in providing the circular trajectory of the working member and ensuring the machining uniformity at each point of the surface being treated. In such a case, it is proposed to actuate the solenoids with the specified time shift depending on the forced frequency needed to be provided. The duration of the signal actuating the solenoid is equal to one-sixth of the total duration of a cycle (period) of the working body oscillation. The corresponding control approach is developed and simulated in the Tinkercad application, while the control system is designed based on the Arduino software and hardware. In addition, the laboratory prototype of the vibratory lapping-polishing machine and the corresponding control system are implemented in practice. The performed experimental investigations substantiate the possibilities of generating the circular oscillations of the working member of the vibratory lapping-polishing machine. The obtained results may be useful for engineers and technologists dealing with control systems of various vibratory technological equipment based on electromagnetic and solenoid-type drives.

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Mikalauskas, Gediminas, Nikolaj Višniakov, Raimonda Lukauskaitė, and Jelena Škamat. "ANALYSIS OF MICROCOMPOSITE CU-NB CONDUCTORS CHARACTERISTICS AND POSSIBILITY OF THEIR JOINING / MIKROKOMPOZITINIŲ CU-NB LAIDININKŲ YPATUMŲ IR JŲ SUJUNGIMO GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 6 (2017): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.980.

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High magnetic fields systems is widely used in fundamental and applied research in variuos branches of science and industry. The most famous examples of such magnetic systems are tokomaks, stellators, superconducting magnets, CERN collider, ITER reactor, levitation systems. The key component of magnetic systems is inductor (solenoid). At this moment, the record magnetic fields reaches 100 T. The creation of a strong magnetic field is no longer enough just to improve designs for inductor (solenoid). Traditional electrotechnical materials and conductors can no longer withstand the huge mechanical and thermal loads, therefore, them changes to an entirely new advanced materials, for example Cu-Nb microcomposite conductors. These materials are characterized by a unique structure, excellent mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity. One of the most important and unresolved problems of high magnetic fields systems are reliable non-destructive joints and joining technologies creation. This paper reviews the strong magnetic fields systems design features, Cu-Nb conductors characteristics and structure, microcomposite conductor production specifics, application fields, joining problems and the available joining technologies. Stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemos plačiai taikomos fundamentiniams ir taikomiesiems tyrimams įvairiose mokslo šakose ir industrijoje. Tokomakai, stelaratoriai, superlaidūs magnetai, CERN kolaideris, ITER reaktorius, levitacinės sistemos – tai vieni žinomiausių tokių magnetinių sistemų pavyzdžių. Visų magnetinių sistemų svarbiausias komponentas yra induktorius (solenoidas). Rekordinis magnetinis laukas jau siekia 100 T. Stipriam magnetiniam laukui sukurti jau nepakanka vien tik tobulinti solenoidų konstrukciją. Tradicinės elektrotechninės medžiagos ir laidininkai jau negali atlaikyti didžiulių mechaninių ir temperatūrinių apkrovų. Todėl jas keičia visiškai naujos perspektyvios medžiagos, tarp jų svarbią vietą užima Cu-Nb mikrokompozitiniai laidininkai. Šios medžiagos pasižymi unikalia struktūra, puikiomis mechaninėmis savybėmis ir geru elektriniu laidumu. Viena iš svarbių neišspręstų problemų stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemose lieka patikimų neardomųjų jungčių sukūrimas ir jų patikimų sujungimo technologijų paieška, nes dauguma tokių magnetų konstrukcijų turi būti neardomos pradėjus jas eksploatuoti. Tačiau daugiausia jų konstrukcijoje laidininkams sujungti taikomos tik ardomos, deja, praktikoje dideliu patikimumu nepasižyminčios varžtinės arba lituotinės jungtys. Šiame darbe apžvelgti stiprių magnetinių laukų sistemų konstrukciniai ypatumai, perspektyvių Cu-Nb laidininkų struktūros ypatumai ir savybės, kompozitinių laidininkų gamybos specifika, taikymo sritys, sujungimo problemos ir taikytinos sujungimo technologijos.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solenoidea'

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