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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid particle accumulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Hou, Jinghui, Yifei Ma, Zihan Zhang, Xuanhe Yang, Muhua Huang, and Chunpeng Chai. "The Relationship between Solid Content and Particle Size Ratio of Waterborne Polyurethane." Coatings 9, no. 6 (2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060401.

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A series of high solid content carboxylic acid/sulfonic acid waterborne polyurethanes was prepared by the emulsion dispersion method. The particle size and solid content were measured. By changing the particle size of the large particles to achieve different particle size ratios, high solid content waterborne polyurethanes were obtained at specific particle size ratios. When the particle size ratio was >7, 4–5 or 2–3, the aqueous polyurethane could reach a higher solid content (more than 56%). This indicated that solid content is related to particle size distribution in high solid content w

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2

Henriquez, Lira Santiago, Maria Josefina Torres, Silva Rafael Guerra, and Viñuela Jorge Zahr. "Numerical Characterization of the Solid Particle Accumulation in a Turbulent Flow through Curved Pipes by Means of Stokes Numbers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7381. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167381.

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Introduction: The numerical study of particle-laden turbulent flows in curved pipes is crucial for various industrial processes.  However, there are few reports using numerical methods to analyze the influence of flow conditions and geometry on particle accumulation.  This work proposes a methodology to predict the accumulation of solid particles in a 90° bend using Stokes numbers specifically formulated for this configuration. Physical and Numerical Modeling Methodology: A turbulent air flow with monodispersed solid particles in a 90° bend was simulated using

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3

Chen, An, and Yonggang Yu. "Investigation of the Transient Gas-solid Flow in Launching System Charged with a Complex Propellant Bed." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2920, no. 1 (2024): 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2920/1/012021.

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Abstract This work focuses on the characteristics of the particle distribution in the transient gas-solid flow during the ignition process of the modular charge (MC). A three-dimensional (3D) unsteady two-phase flow model is developed by the gas-particle coupled method for the module rupture and the particle motion. The effect of the initial loading position of the module (MILP) on the particle distribution characteristics is numerically simulated. The results show that particles distribute in the area between the module bottom and the right end face of the chamber under four conditions. The p

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4

Yerlepessov, Murat U., Oleg I. Zaitsev, Abay A. Yermekov, Sain K. Amirov, and Zhuginis S. Urbisinov. "Testing the functionality of OLGA software for determining optimal oil transport modes to prevent solid particle deposition." Kazakhstan journal for oil & gas industry 6, no. 3 (2024): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54859/kjogi108728.

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Background: During operation, all mechanical impurities entering the collector through the flow lines settle at the bottom due to a decrease in flow velocity. This leads to a reduction in the capacity of the pipeline network, increased pressure, and premature equipment wear. To address this issue it is essential to understand the dynamics and intensity of sludge formation at the bottom of the pipeline. Aim: Evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the dynamic multiphase flow simulator in addressing challenges related to the transport of borehole fluid containing solid particles. Materials

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Chen, An, and Yonggang Yu. "Motion Characteristics and Distribution Laws of Particles in the Launching System with a Sequence-Change Structure." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071454.

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There is a fundamental issue in the launching system with the modular charge technology, which is an unsteady gas–solid flow in the sequence-change space within a short period of time. It leads to complex particle behavior, causing the strong pulsation of particle energy released during the combustion process. As a result, a large initial pressure wave is generated, which damages the launching stability. In this work, a 3D gas–solid flow model is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD-DEM) model to analyze the particle behavior in the launching system

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Hernandez-Duenas, Gerardo, Ulises Velasco-García, and Jorge X. Velasco-Hernández. "A positivity-preserving central-upwind scheme for isentropic two-phase flows through deviated pipes." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 53, no. 5 (2019): 1433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2019003.

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Directional drilling in oil and gas extraction can encounter difficulties such as accumulation of solids in deviated pipes. Motivated by such phenomenon, we consider a model for isentropic two-phase flows through deviated pipes. The system of partial differential equations is aimed at simulating the dynamics between a particle bed and a gas phase. The pipe can be either horizontal or vertically deviated where the effects of gravity are incorporated. Furthermore, the acceleration or deceleration due to friction between phases is investigated and spectral properties of the hyperbolic system of b

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7

Ntziachristos, L., P. Pistikopoulos, and Z. Samaras. "Particle characterization from two-stroke powered two-wheelers." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 3 (2005): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x7455.

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This paper presents the physical characterization of particle emissions from small two-stroke gasoline two-wheelers. Particle samples were drawn with a dedicated partial dilution system. They were analysed with various aerosol measurement instruments, including a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI), and a diffusion charger. Solid particles were discriminated by using a thermodenuder. Results suggest that small two-wheeled vehicles are significant emitters of both solid and volatile particles with the volatile fraction being the dominant one. The

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8

Muniz, Gustavo Lopes, Antonio Pires de Camargo, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, and Nicolás Duarte Cano. "Geometric Characteristics of Dripper Labyrinths and Accumulation of Solid Particles: Simulation and Experimentation." AgriEngineering 7, no. 7 (2025): 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7070217.

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Emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems is a recurring issue, affecting water application uniformity and system lifespan. This study investigated the anti-clogging performance of emitters and the accumulation patterns of solid particles in dripper labyrinths with varied geometric configurations, combining laboratory experimentation and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Fifteen labyrinth models were tested, divided into two groups: (Model A) emitters with well-defined vortexes and (Model B) emitters with uniform flow. The tests were conducted with solid particle concentrations of 12

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9

Chen, Xiong, Hai Feng Xue, and Yong Luo. "Numerical Research about Two-Phase Flow under Different Acceleration in SRM with Embedded Nozzle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.233.

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The complex gas-solid two-phase flow in a full-sized solid rocket motor with embedded nozzle under different acceleration condition was simulated with Euler-Lagrange model. Influences of different particle diameters and acceleration conditions on particle trajectories were analyzed. Simulation results show that the difference between gas flow field and two-phase flow field is significant. The particle accumulation zone above inner wall of chamber and nozzle is mainly concentrated in two regions. The accretion of the particle diameter will cause the following property worse, and the particles c

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10

Gao, Feng, and Zhongyun Fan. "Effect of Nucleant Particle Agglomeration on Grain Size." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 53, no. 3 (2022): 810–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06549-2.

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AbstractSolute accumulation/depletion in the liquid around a growing solid particle during the solidification of metallic melts creates a constitutionally supercooled (CS) zone that has a significant effect on the final solidified grain structure. In this paper, we introduce two mechanisms related to the CS zone that affect grain size: one is the grain initiation free zone (GIFZ) that describes the inability of nucleant particles located in the CS zone for grain initiation and the other is re-melting (RM) of solid particles due to overlap of CS zones. Based on these two mechanisms, we have sys

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11

Kalyuzhnyi, S., A. Veeken, and B. Hamelers. "Two-particle model of anaerobic solid state fermentation." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (2000): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0054.

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A structured mathematical model of anaerobic solid state fermentation (ASSF) has been developed. Since a stable ASSF requires addition of significant quantities of methanogenic seed sludge and mass-transfer limitation becomes important, the model postulates the existence of two different types of particles inside the fermenting solid mass – so-called “seed” particles with low biodegradability and high methanogenic activity and so-called “waste” particles with high biodegradability and low methanogenic activity. Any particle is assumed to be a completely mixed reactor and mass transfer of solut

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12

Kiat, W. Y., K. Yamamoto, and S. Ohgaki. "Optimal Fiber Spacing in Externally Pressurized Hollow Fiber Module for Solid Liquid Separation." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (1992): 1245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0567.

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Flux decline and clogging mechanism in hollow fiber bundle by activated sludge and kaolin clay suspensions were investigated experimentally. Filtration characteristics of hollow fiber bundles consisting of 10 fiber threads but different in packing density were observed. The main reason for severe flux decline was due to the accumulation of particles at the space in between fibers. The results showed that there was no particle accumulation when fiber packing density β was lower than a critical value βa. Maximum filtration flux and maximum membrane productivity Q/Vr,which is defined as the filtr

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13

do Nascimento, Orlando L., David A. Reay, and Vladimir Zivkovic. "Solid Circulating Velocity Measurement in a Liquid–Solid Micro-Circulating Fluidised Bed." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091159.

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Liquid–solid circulating fluidised beds (CFB) possess many qualities which makes them useful for industrial operations where particle–liquid contact is vital, e.g., improved heat transfer performance, and consequent uniform temperature, limited back mixing, exceptional solid–liquid contact. Despite this, circulating fluidised beds have seen no application in the micro-technology context. Liquid–solid micro circulating fluidised bed (µCFBs), which basically involves micro-particles fluidisation in fluidised beds within the bed of cross-section or inner diameter at the millimetre scale, could fi

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14

Zhao, Xiuzheng, Chang Qu, Zheng Jin, and Kai Zhao. "The numerical simulation investigates the influence of agitator parameters on particle suspension characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2730, no. 1 (2024): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2730/1/012052.

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Abstract This study investigates the effect of different agitator parameters in a baffleless stirred reactor on solid particle suspension during quaternary ammonium chitosan synthesis. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations investigate different agitator configurations, including blade diameter, rotational speed, and bottom clearance, to optimize chitosan particle distribution. Reducing the bottom clearance reduces particle accumulation, but can create stagnant zones that may disrupt fluid flow. Increasing the rotational speed improves particle distribution until a saturation point is

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15

Liu, Z. R., Y. S. Wang, Q. Liu, B. Hu, and Y. Sun. "Source apportionment of ambient fine particle from combined size distribution and chemical composition data during summertime in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (2013): 1367–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-1367-2013.

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Abstract. Continuous particle number concentration and chemical composition data were collected over one month during summertime in Beijing to investigate the source apportionment of ambient fine particles. Particle size distributions from 15 nm to 2.5 μm in diameter and composition data, such as organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chlorine, and gaseous pollutants, were analyzed using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) which indentified eight factors: cooking, solid mode exhaust, nucleation mode exhaust, accumulation mode, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, coal-fired power plant a

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16

Lappa, Marcello. "On the Propagation of Hydrothermal Waves in a Fluid Layer with Two-Way Coupled Dispersed Solid Particles." Fluids 7, no. 7 (2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7070215.

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The propagation of hydrothermal waves in a differentially heated shallow open cavity filled with a complex fluid (a mixture of an oil with solid spherical metallic particles) is investigated in the framework of a hybrid numerical two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian methodology. We explore the response of this system to the solid mass fraction (mass load) and the particle size (Stokes number). The results show that particles and related (inertial and drag) effects can cause appreciable modifications in the properties of the wave, leading to a shrinkage of its velocity of propagation. Interestin

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17

Wang, Chengming, Shihui Jiao, Zhuoyao Wang, et al. "The Influence of Wind Speed on Pneumatic Conveying Characteristics of Solid Feed in Horizontal Pipe by Simulation and Experiment." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031109.

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Pneumatic conveying technology is an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly means of solid feed conveying. In the process of pneumatic conveying, wind speed has a decisive influence on conveying characteristics. Here, computational fluid dynamics coupled with a discrete element method simulation and experiment were combined, and the conveying wind speed was used as the experimental variable to study the conveying characteristics of the conveying material in the tube, such as particle distribution state, solid phase mass concentration, coupling force on solid feed, average speed

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18

Xiao, Yumin, R. S. Amano, Timin Cai, and Jiang Li. "New Method to Determine the Velocities of Particles on a Solid Propellant Surface in a Solid Rocket Motor." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 9 (2005): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999652.

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Use of aluminized composite solid propellants and submerged nozzles are common in solid rocket motors (SRM). Due to the generation of slag, which injects into a combusted gas flow, a two-phase flow pattern is one of the main flow characteristics that need to be investigated in SRM. Validation of two-phase flow modeling in a solid rocket motor combustion chamber is the focus of this research. The particles’ boundary conditions constrain their trajectories, which affect both the two-phase flow calculations, and the evaluation of the slag accumulation. A harsh operation environment in the SRM wit

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19

Hu, Qiong, Jun Chen, Liwen Deng, Yajuan Kang, and Shaojun Liu. "CFD-DEM Simulation of Backflow Blockage of Deep-Sea Multistage Pump." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090987.

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The multistage centrifugal pump is the critical component of mineral resources lifting in deep-sea mining. The reflux of nodules in the lifting pipe caused by the emergency pump stop can easily cause the pump to clog. In this paper, coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM co-simulations) are used to clarify the solid-liquid two-phase flow in two-stage centrifugal pumps under different particle sizes (10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 mm) with constant particle concentration. The movement and accumulation behaviour of particles in different flow fields (pipeline to pu

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20

Xue, Hai Feng, Xiong Chen, Yong Ping Wang, and Ya Zheng. "Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow under High Acceleration in SRM with Submerged Nozzle." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1253.

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The two-dimension axisymmetric and two-phase flow in a full-size solid rocket motor with submerged nozzle under high acceleration condition has been simulated with Euler-Lagrange model. Without acceleration and under high axial acceleration on particle trajectories, the influences of different particle diameters were analyzed. The difference between gas flow field and two-phase flow field is significant. The particle accumulation zone above the inner wall of chamber and nozzle is mainly concentrated in two regions. The axial acceleration will intensify the impaction to the end of the chamber.

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21

Cholette, Mélissa, Julie M. Thériault, Jason A. Milbrandt, and Hugh Morrison. "Impacts of Predicting the Liquid Fraction of Mixed-Phase Particles on the Simulation of an Extreme Freezing Rain Event: The 1998 North American Ice Storm." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 9 (2020): 3799–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0026.1.

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Abstract A prognostic equation for the liquid fraction of mixed-phase particles has been recently added to the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) bulk microphysics scheme. Mixed-phase particles are necessary to simulate key microphysical processes leading to various winter precipitation types, such as ice pellets and freezing rain. To illustrate the impacts of predicting the bulk liquid fraction, the 1998 North American Ice Storm is simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the modified P3 scheme. It is found that simulating partial melting by predicting the bulk li

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22

Crobeddu, E., and S. Bennis. "A New Model for Simulating TSS Washoff in Urban Areas." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/318765.

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This paper presents the formulation and validation of the conceptual Runoff Quality Simulation Model (RQSM) that was developed to simulate the erosion and transport of solid particles in urban areas. The RQSM assumes that solid particle accumulation on pervious and impervious areas is infinite. The RQSM simulates soil erosion using rainfall kinetic energy and solid particle transport with linear system theory. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the RQSM to show the influence of each parameter on the simulated load. Total suspended solid (TSS) loads monitored at the outlet of the borough o

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23

Betz, Michael, Hermann Nirschl, and Marco Gleiss. "Development of a New Solver to Model the Fish-Hook Effect in a Centrifugal Classifier." Minerals 11, no. 7 (2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070663.

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Centrifugal air classifiers are often used for classification of particle gas flows in the mineral industry and various other sectors. In this paper, a new solver based on the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method, which takes into account an interaction between particles, is presented. This makes it possible to investigate the flow process in the classifier in more detail, especially the influence of solid load on the flow profile and the fish-hook effect that sometimes occurs. Depending on the operating conditions, the fish-hook sometimes occurs in such apparatus and lead to a reductio

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24

Henríquez Lira, Santiago, María Josefina Torres, Rafael Guerra Silva, and Jorge Zahr Viñuela. "Numerical Characterization of the Solid Particle Accumulation in a Turbulent Flow through Curved Pipes by Means of Stokes Numbers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167381.

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The accumulation of particles in a turbulent flow of incompressible air with mono-dispersed solid particles inside a 90° pipe bend was simulated using ANSYS® Fluent (CFD), taking into account the effect of gravity, drag force and a bidirectional fluid-particle coupling. An analysis of the geometrical parameters and the structures of the secondary flow generated in a curved pipe (Dean vortices) was developed, thus determining the characteristic time scales of the flow. Four Stokes numbers (Stk) were formulated, whose values are calculated and studied from the numerical simulations performed. Tw

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25

Jiang, Shengkun, Yuanyuan Zhao, Xin Zhao, et al. "Dense Phase Mixing in a Solid-Liquid Stirred Tank by Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061876.

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This study numerically investigates the solid–liquid mixing characteristics in solid–liquid stirred tanks with solid volume fraction as high as 35%, focusing on the effect of impeller and baffle configurations on solid and liquid flow behaviors. Three stirred tanks with different capacities and impellers were analyzed to evaluate liquid flow field, solid suspension, and free surface profiles. It has demonstrated superior shear rate uniformity in the multi-impeller systems compared to the single-impeller, attributed to the enhanced fluid circulation. Multi-impeller systems can achieve near-comp

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26

Wang, Yunfei, and Fei Yan. "Study on the flow characteristics of gas-solid two-phase flow in a horizontal-vertical pneumatic conveying system based on dunes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2730, no. 1 (2024): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2730/1/012034.

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Abstract In this paper, based on the accumulation pattern of particles flowing through the bend, the Dunes are designed to be placed in curves with different radii of curvature in a horizontal-vertical pneumatic conveying system, and the movement characteristics of the particles entering the vertical pipeline due to with Dunes are analyzed based on CFD-DEM. Compared to the case of No Dune, the Gas-solid two-phase velocities with Dune are almost evenly distributed in the pipe and are larger than the corresponding case of No Dune. At the same time, the particle axial velocities with Dunes are la

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27

Jeon, Joonho, Noah Bock, David B. Kittelson, and William F. Northrop. "Correlation of nanoparticle size distribution features to spatiotemporal flame luminosity in gasoline direct injection engines." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (2018): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418798468.

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Particle size distribution measured by mobility instruments is a common diagnostic used to characterize ultrafine and nanoparticle emissions in engine exhaust; however, some features of particle size distribution data are poorly correlated to in-cylinder combustion phenomena. In this work, in-cylinder spatiotemporal flame luminosity is quantitatively correlated to features in the solid particle size distribution measured in the exhaust of a gasoline direct injection engine operating in lean and stoichiometric combustion modes. A multi-channel optical sensor was used to measure diffusion flame

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28

WANG, LIAN-PING, ANTHONY S. WEXLER, and YONG ZHOU. "Statistical mechanical description and modelling of turbulent collision of inertial particles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 415 (July 25, 2000): 117–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000008661.

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The collision rate of monodisperse solid particles in a turbulent gas is governed by a wide range of scales of motion in the flow. Recent studies have shown that large-scale energetic eddies are the dominant factor contributing to the relative velocity between two colliding particles (the turbulent transport effect), whereas small-scale dissipative eddies can enhance the collision rate significantly by inducing local non-uniform particle distribution (the accumulation effect). The turbulent transport effect is most noticeable when the particle inertial response time τp is of the order of the f

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29

Baker, Alastair, Alex Fells, Natalia Domenech-Garcia, Chris J. Maher, and Bruce C. Hanson. "Accumulation of Particles in an Annular Centrifugal Contactor Cascade and the Effect upon the Extraction of Nitric Acid." Separations 11, no. 6 (2024): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11060163.

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Centrifugal contactors (CCs) are a technology candidate for the development of advanced reprocessing flowsheets. While they offer many advantages, such as process intensification, there are still uncertainties regarding their industrial deployment. The presence of particles in the process streams in particular may present a challenge to both performance and operability. Preliminary studies have been undertaken to evaluate the accumulation of particles in the contactors and the effect upon the extraction behaviour of nitric acid. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) particles were suspended in the aqueous f

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Wang, Yinmin, Sida Zhang, Yong Xu, et al. "Different Size Formulations of Fluopyram: Preparation, Antifungal Activity, and Accumulation in the Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea." Molecules 28, no. 16 (2023): 6099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166099.

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Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the efficient production and sustainable development of modern agriculture. Understanding the pesticide activity of both nano- and conventional methods is useful for developing new pesticide formulations. In this study, three solid fluopyram formulations with varying particle sizes were developed, and the mechanisms underlying the difference in the antifungal activity among these formulations were investigated. Wet media milling combined with freeze drying was used to prepare fluopyram nanoparticles (FLU-NS) and a micron-sized solid formulation (FLU-MS), and a

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Liu, Qianyi, Yingte Li, Linlin Du, Liu Ma, and Lianman Xu. "Experimental Study on the Preparation of Improved Soil Substrate from Coal Gangue." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235001019.

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With the continuous development of China’s industry, the disorderly discharge and accumulation of coal gangue in mining areas have become a key ecological problem, which not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes various pollution phenomena. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue has become a research hotspot in the field of environmental governance. In this paper, by mixing coal gangue and fly ash with straw in different ratios to prepare compound soil substrate and growing lettuce, the effects of different ratios of the three wastes and coal gangue particle si

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Zhang, Yun, Peng-Fei Shan, Rui Bai, and Jing-Jing Dai. "Engineering design of selecting particle size of gangue under solid backfill mining for protecting water resources." Thermal Science 24, no. 6 Part B (2020): 4019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2006019z.

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In view of the ecological environment damages caused by the loss of water resources and the gangue accumulation during coal mining, this paper proposed a solid backfill mining method to recover the coal seam under the water body, which could fundamentally reduce the sinking space of the overlying strata, and better prevent water-flowing fractures expanding. Consequently, according to the deformation characteristics of the overlying strata of the solid backfill mining, a mechanical model was established for superimposed beams on elastic foundation with simu?lating the expansion water-flowing fr

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Decker, Rand, and R. L. Brown. "Two Dimensional Solutions for a Turbulent Continuum Theory for the Atmospheric Mixture of Snow and Air." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-53-58.

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The equations of motion (continuity and momentum balance) for a dispersed, negatively buoyant particulate of snow entrained in a turbulent airflow contain apparent turbulent forces or turbulent particle buoyancies. These turbulent buoyancies arise from the constitutive assumption that the turbulent fluctuations of the snow phase velocity vector U’s, and the drift snow density ρ’s, are proportional to the deviatoric mean rate of deformation tensor for the airflow.For an established, discretized airflow regime, the momentum balance equation for the snow phase can be solved by finite difference t

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Decker, Rand, and R. L. Brown. "Two Dimensional Solutions for a Turbulent Continuum Theory for the Atmospheric Mixture of Snow and Air." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009988.

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The equations of motion (continuity and momentum balance) for a dispersed, negatively buoyant particulate of snow entrained in a turbulent airflow contain apparent turbulent forces or turbulent particle buoyancies. These turbulent buoyancies arise from the constitutive assumption that the turbulent fluctuations of the snow phase velocity vector U’s, and the drift snow density ρ’s, are proportional to the deviatoric mean rate of deformation tensor for the airflow.For an established, discretized airflow regime, the momentum balance equation for the snow phase can be solved by finite difference t

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35

Pourcel, Florent, Sophie Duchesne, and Maxim Ouellet. "Evolution of the relationship between total suspended solids concentration and turbidity during flushing sequences of water pipes." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 4 (2020): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.127.

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Abstract Particle accumulation and circulation in water distribution systems are significant in the development of good management practices to protect against discoloration events, which are a major cause of water customer complaints. Quantifying the amount of particles deposited in water pipes is usually done by obtaining total suspended solid measurements while performing flushing sequences, which requires time, skills, and equipment. Some authors explored the possibility of rapidly approximating total suspended solids concentration (TSSC) in water pipes by measuring water turbidity on site

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Wang, Xiaoming, Yonghui Hu, Yefei Hao, Zhengchang Shen, Guodong Liang, and Ming Zhang. "Simulation of Dynamic Particle Trapping and Accumulation in HGMS Based on FEM-CFD-DEM Coupling Approach." Processes 13, no. 8 (2025): 2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082391.

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High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is a conventional and effective method for processing weak magnetic materials. A multi-field dynamic coupling simulation method integrating the Finite Element Method (FEM), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was employed to investigate the separation behavior in HGMS. The dynamic deposition process of magnetic particles under the interactions of magnetic fields, fluid flow fields, and particle–particle forces was simulated using a two-way fluid–solid coupling algorithm based on the FEM-CFD-DEM coupling approach. Ex

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González-Martínez, Dulce W., Alma D. Casas-Rodríguez, Sergio A. Coronado-Contreras, et al. "Valorization of Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Solid-State Fermentation." Waste 3, no. 2 (2025): 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste3020013.

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Black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are one of the most consumed legumes worldwide. Black beans are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. The present study aims to valorize black beans for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds using solid-state fermentation (SSF) from Aspergillus niger GH1. A physicochemical analysis of black beans was performed. Fermentation kinetics was performed to establish the best accumulation time of condensed polyphenols. A two-level Plackett–Burman experimental design was used to evaluate the culture conditions (temperature, humidity, in

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FUKAGATA, KOJI, KATSUKO S. FURUKAWA, and TAKASHI USHIDA. "ANALYSIS OF CELL ACCUMULATION MECHANISM IN A ROTATIONAL CULTURE SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 02 (2011): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519410003745.

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The accumulation mechanism of cells in a rotational culture device is investigated from the viewpoint of fluid mechanics. For simplicity, the deformation of the water surface is neglected and the cells are treated as spherical solid particles. From the numerical simulation of flow field with typical parameters used in the previous experiments, it is confirmed that the relative velocity of fluid induced by the rotational shaking is much smaller than the speed of rotation. From the analysis of particle equation of motion, it is found that the accumulation of cells toward the central region is fo

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Bernet, N., O. Sanchez, P. Dabert, A. Olaïzola, J. J. Godon, and J. P. Delgenès. "Effect of solid hold-up on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm reactor - molecular characterization of nitrifying communities." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 11-12 (2004): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0820.

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Biological ammonium oxidation was carried out in two inverse turbulent bed reactors fed with synthetic mineral wastewater containing a high ammonium concentration (100 mg N-NH4+/L). Both reactors were started-up and operated in the same conditions except for the solid carrier concentration: the solid hold-up ratios applied, defined as the ratios of static to expanded bed height, were 0.1 and 0.3 in reactors R10 and R30 respectively. These two solid hold-up ratios generate different particle-to-particle collision frequencies and, therefore, detachment forces. The influence of solid hold-up on b

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Lv, Dong Li, Ci Chang Chen, and Tao Zhang. "FEM Analysis of Solid Particle Erosion-Wear of 45 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.655.

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Solid particle erosion-wear behavior under different working conditions was simulated by FEM. A three-dimensional finite element model of erosion-wear of solid particle was established, and Johnson-Cook material model and failure criterion were adopted to define the mechanical property of sample material. The process of spherical particle impacting 45 steel from different angles and under different impact velocity was simulated, respectively. Material deformation and strain condition were analyzed .The relationship between erosion-wear degree , impact angle and impact velocity was investigated

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Lappa, Marcello. "On the variety of particle accumulation structures under the effect of g-jitters." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 726 (May 30, 2013): 160–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.203.

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AbstractThe present analysis extends the author’s earlier work (Lappa, Phys. Fluids, vol. 25, 2003, 012101; Lappa, Chaos, vol. 23, 2003, 013105) on the properties of patterns formed by the spontaneous accumulation and ordering of solid particles in certain types of flow (with a toroidal structure and a travelling wave propagating in the azimuthal direction) by considering the potential impact of ‘vibrations’ (g-jitters) on such dynamics. It is shown that a kaleidoscope of possible variants exist whose nature and variety calls for a concerted analysis using the tools of computational fluid dyna

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Tian, Fei, Erfeng Zhang, Chen Yang, Weidong Shi, and Yonghua Chen. "Research on the Characteristics of the Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field of a Submersible Mixer Based on CFD-DEM." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 6096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166096.

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Submersible mixers are widely used in the sewage treatment process in various fields, such as agriculture and industry. They are mainly responsible for pushing flow and mixing activated sludge particles in a pool. Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method under the Euler–Lagrange framework, the solid–liquid two-phase flow of a submersible mixer was simulated in this paper, and the motion characteristics and distribution laws of particles in the pool were studied in axial, horizontal, and lateral directions, respectively. An evaluation method of distribution uniformity was proposed to analyze the ve

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Hiltz, Jon, Ahmadreza Hajiaboli, Gursimranbir Singh, et al. "Nanopatterning Gold by Templated Solid State Dewetting on the Silica Warp and Weft of Diatoms." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6405836.

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The diatom,Nitzschia palea, exhibits complex silica shell (frustule) topography that resembles the warp and weft pattern of woven glass. The surface is perforated with a rhombic lattice of roughly oblong pores between periodically undulating transverse weft costae. Exfoliated frustules can be used to template gold nanoparticles by thermally induced dewetting of thin gold films. Acting as templates for the process, the frustules give rise to two coexisting hierarchies of particle sizes and patterned distributions of nanoparticles. By examining temperature dependent dewetting of 5, 10, and 15 nm

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He, Jie, Xiang Huang, and Pei Cao. "Fine Particle Migration in a Gas Hydrate Sand: Single- and Two-Phase Fluid Using a Device for Observation at the Pore Scale." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010109.

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The production of natural gas hydrates will change the cementation strength, porosity, and effective stress in the stratum, which may lead to engineering and geological disasters. Sand production is a phenomenon where sand particles are carried out of the reservoir along with fluids during gas extraction, posing challenges to safe and sustainable production. This study explored the mechanism of fine particle migration in multiphase flow by a microscopic visualization test device. The device can inject a gas–liquid–solid phase at the same time and allow real-time observation. Experimental tests

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Alfano, Francesca Orsola, Alberto Di Renzo, and Francesco Paolo Di Maio. "Discrete Element Method Evaluation of Triboelectric Charging Due to Powder Handling in the Capsule of a DPI." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (2023): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061762.

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The generation and accumulation of an electrostatic charge from handling pharmaceutical powders is a well-known phenomenon, given the insulating nature of most APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) and excipients. In capsule-based DPIs (Dry Powder Inhalers), the formulation is stored in a gelatine capsule placed in the inhaler just before inhalation. The action of capsule filling, as well as tumbling or vibration effects during the capsule life cycle, implies a consistent amount of particle–particle and particle–wall contacts. A significant contact-induced electrostatic charging can then ta

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Wang, Chenwei, Guangtai Shi, Yao Liu, Haigang Wen, and Wenjuan Lv. "Study on the Movement and Distribution Patterns of Sand Particles in a Vane-Type Multiphase Pump." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 6 (2025): 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061034.

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In oilfield operations, produced fluids consist of complex mixtures including heavy oil, sand, and water. Variations in sand particle parameters and operational conditions can significantly impact the performance of multiphase pumps. To elucidate the movement patterns of sand particles within a vane-type multiphase pump, this study employs the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to investigate the effects of different sand particle parameters and operational conditions on the internal flow characteristics. The study found that: sand particle diameter, flow rate, rotational speed, and oil content signif

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Liu, Xiandong, Man Zhang, Shuangming Zhang, et al. "Measuring Technologies for CFB Solid Circulation Rate: A Review and Future Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 2 (2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020417.

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Solid circulation rate (Gs) represents the mass flux of circulating particles in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) systems and is a significant parameter for the design and operation of CFB reactors. Many measuring technologies for Gs have been proposed, though few of them can be applied in industrial units. This paper presents a comprehensive study on measuring technologies, and the results indicate that though the accumulation method is most widely applied, it is constrained by the disturbance of normal particle circulation. Some publications have proposed mathematic models based on pressure d

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Jiang, Hongwan, Sen Yuan, Hao Liu, Weiwei Li, and Xiaorong Zhou. "Numerical analysis and optimization of key parts in the stirred tank based on solid-liquid flow field." Science Progress 105, no. 1 (2022): 003685042110672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211067200.

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In order to further improve the mixing performance of the mixing device, the structure of the agitator was optimized, and the effects of the diameter and pitch of the agitator on the solid-liquid suspension characteristics were analyzed by single factor method. Multiple reference frame (MRF), computational fluid dynamics, Euler multiphase flow model and standard K- ε turbulence model were used to investigate the effect of the height from the bottom of the agitator on the suspension characteristics of particles in the agitator was studied. The results show that reducing the height from the bott

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Noorani, Azad, Gaetano Sardina, Luca Brandt, and Philipp Schlatter. "Particle transport in turbulent curved pipe flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 15, 2016): 248–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.136.

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Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle-laden turbulent flow in straight, mildly curved and strongly bent pipes are performed in which the solid phase is modelled as small heavy spherical particles. A total of seven populations of dilute particles with different Stokes numbers, one-way coupled with their carrier phase, are simulated. The objective is to examine the effect of the curvature on micro-particle transport and accumulation. It is shown that even a slight non-zero curvature in the flow configuration strongly impact the particle concentration map such that the concentration of i

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Fu, J., Z. Wang, B. Mai, and Y. Kang. "Field monitoring of toxic organic pollution in the sediments of Pearl River estuary and its tributaries." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (2001): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0076.

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Field monitoring of the toxic organic compounds (PCBs, PAHs, organochlorine pesticides) in the top sediments of Pearl River Estuary and its up-streams were made. It was found that the highest concentrations of these toxic organic compounds occurred in the sediment sampled at Macau inner harbor (ZB013), which is a sink of suspended fine particles transported from the upstream waterways. Because of the affinity of the hydrophobic organic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) for the solid phase, these fine particle depositions led to accumulation of these compounds in the sediment of Macau. The atmospheric dry

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