Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solid Recovered Fuels

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Solid Recovered Fuels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

1

Sarc, Renato, IM Seidler, L. Kandlbauer, KE Lorber, and R. Pomberger. "Design, quality and quality assurance of solid recovered fuels for the substitution of fossil feedstock in the cement industry – Update 2019." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 9 (July 23, 2019): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19862600.

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Production, quality and quality assurance, as well as co-incineration of solid recovered fuels in cement industry, have become state-of-the-art in the European cement industry. At the global level, average thermal substitution rate is about 17%, whereby, only 13% in Canada and in the USA 16%, while in the European Union 28 it is about 44% (i.e. 11,300,000 t waste fuels utilised in 2016). In Austria, thermal substitution rate was ca. 80% in 2017, which was worldwide the highest one. Regarding solid recovered fuels for the cement industry, two types are relevant, namely solid recovered fuels PREMIUM Quality and solid recovered fuels MEDIUM Quality. In the case study shown, solid recovered fuels PREMIUM Quality from 11 and solid recovered fuels MEDIUM Quality from nine different solid recovered fuels production plants have been investigated. Investigations consist of sorting and sieving analyses (for PREMIUM), as well as physical–chemical analyses (for both solid recovered fuels types) according to the (inter)national standards (i.e. Austrian ‘ÖNORM’, European ‘EN’ standards and CEN TC 343 guidelines). The results gained from the first investigation were published in 2014 and here, results of further investigations are updated for 2016 and 2018 and confronted with legal and market relevant requirements. During the investigation, not enough parallel samples could be investigated and therefore no adequate scientific statistical analyses could be elaborated but a more practical indicative interpretation has been made. Finally, it can be confirmed, that all investigated solid recovered fuels fulfil the Austrian legal and international solid recovered fuels and co-incineration market requirements.
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Lorber, Karl E., and Arne Ragoßnig. "Solid recovered fuels 2.0 – ‘what’s new?’." Waste Management & Research 30, no. 4 (April 2012): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x12442951.

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Velis, Costas A., and Jeff Cooper. "Are solid recovered fuels resource-efficient?" Waste Management & Research 31, no. 2 (February 2013): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x13476385.

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Kepplinger, Werner L., and Tamara Tappeiner. "Solid recovered fuels in the steel industry." Waste Management & Research 30, no. 4 (November 15, 2011): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x11426174.

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Dunnu, Gregory, Jörg Maier, Uwe Schnell, and Günter Scheffknecht. "Drag coefficient of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF)." Fuel 89, no. 12 (December 2010): 4053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.039.

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Montané, Daniel, Sònia Abelló, Xavier Farriol, and César Berrueco. "Volatilization characteristics of solid recovered fuels (SRFs)." Fuel Processing Technology 113 (September 2013): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.026.

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Arena, Umberto, and Fabrizio Di Gregorio. "Fluidized bed gasification of industrial solid recovered fuels." Waste Management 50 (April 2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.011.

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Radojevic, Milos, Martina Balac, Vladimir Jovanovic, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, and Nebojsa Manic. "Thermogravimetric kinetic study of solid recovered fuels pyrolysis." Chemical Industry 72, no. 2 (2018): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind171009002r.

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In the Republic of Serbia there are significant quantities of coffee and tire wastes that can be utilized as Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) and used as an additional fuel for co?combustion with coal and biomass in energy production and cement industry sectors. Differences between SRF and base fuel are a cause of numerous problems in design of burners. The objective of this study was to determine the kinetic parameters for the thermochemical conversion of selected SRF using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA). Samples of coffee and tire waste were used for the experimental tests. Thermal analysis was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at three different heating rates 10, 15 and 20 K/min for each sample, while it was heated from room temperature up to 900?C. Two sample sizes x <0.25 mm and 0.25 < x <0.5 mm of each SRF were used in experiments, in order to obtain reliable Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) data for estimation of kinetic parameters for SRF pyrolysis. Experimental results were used for determination of pre-exponential factor and activation energy according to methods presented in the literature. Presented research provides valuable data of coffee and tire waste that can be used for the burners design.
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Medic-Pejic, Ljiljana, Nieves Fernandez-Anez, Laura Rubio-Arrieta, and Javier Garcia-Torrent. "Thermal behaviour of organic solid recovered fuels (SRF)." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 37 (October 2016): 16556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.201.

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Gehrmann, H. J., H. Seifert, P. Nowak, G. Pfrang-Stotz, H. R. Paur, T. Glorius, and J. Maier. "Mitverbrennung von Solid Recovered Fuels mit Biomassen in Rostsystemen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 84, no. 8 (July 25, 2012): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250267.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

1

Beckmann, Michael, Martin Pohl, Daniel Bernhardt, and Kathrin Gebauer. "Criteria for solid recovered fuels as a substitute for fossil fuels – a review." Sage, 2012. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38445.

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The waste treatment, particularly the thermal treatment of waste has changed fundamentally in the last 20 years, i.e. from facilities solely dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste to facilities, which in addition to that ensure the safe plant operation and fulfill very ambitious criteria regarding emission reduction, resource recovery and energy efficiency as well. Therefore this contributes to the economic use of raw materials and due to the energy recovered from waste also to the energy provision. The development described had the consequence that waste and solid recovered fuels (SRF) has to be evaluated based on fuel criteria as well. Fossil fuels – coal, crude oil, natural gas etc. have been extensively investigated due to their application in plants for energy conversion and also due to their use in the primary industry. Thereby depending on the respective processes, criteria on fuel technical properties can be derived. The methods for engineering analysis of regular fuels (fossil fuels) can be transferred only partially to SRF. For this reason methods are being developed or adapted to current analytical methods for the characterization of SRF. In this paper the possibilities of the energetic utilization of SRF and the characterization of SRF before and during the energetic utilization will be discussed.
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Recari, Ansa Javier. "Gasification of biomass and solid recovered fuels (SRFs) for the synthesis of liquid fuels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/450856.

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La gasificació és una tecnologia prometedora per l’aprofitament energètic de biomassa i residus, ja que permet convertir els combustibles sòlids en un gas de síntesi (syngas) amb diverses aplicacions. No obstant això, algunes limitacions encara impedeixen la completa implementació d’aquesta tecnologia a escala industrial, en particular per a la producció de combustibles líquids a partir del procés Fischer-Tropsch (FT). Els principals inconvenients estan relacionats amb la qualitat del syngas, per exemple una baixa relació H2/CO i la presència d’impureses (tar i contaminants menors), i depenen de la naturalesa del material i de les condicions d’operació del procés de gasificació. Aquesta tesi es centra en la millora de la qualitat del syngas de gasificació de biomassa i combustibles sòlids recuperats (CSRs) per a la producció de combustibles líquids. El treball es divideix en dos parts principals. La primera part consisteix en estudis experimentals de gasificació de biomassa i CSRs en un reactor de llit fluïditzat a escala de laboratori per tal d’analitzar la influència de les condicions d’operació (temperatura, agents de gasificació, etc.) en el rendiment del procés i la composició del gas. Ja que els CSRs contenen més quantitats de precursors de contaminants que la biomassa, es va desenvolupar un mètode per tal de determinar la concentració de HCl, H2S, HCN i NH3 en el syngas mitjançant la potenciometria d’ió-selectiu. També, es proposa l’aplicació d’un pretractament tèrmic (torrefacció) als materials de gasificació com un mètode per tal de millorar les propietats dels materials i disminuir l’emissió de contaminants en el syngas. Per últim, la segona part d’aquest treball consisteix en un estudi tecno-econòmic per estimar els costos d’inversió i d’operació de plantes de combustibles líquids FT a partir de la gasificació de biomassa i residus, partint dels resultats obtinguts experimentalment.
La gasificación es una tecnología prometedora para el aprovechamiento energético de biomasa y residuos ya que permite convertir los combustibles sólidos en un gas de síntesis (syngas) con múltiples aplicaciones. Sin embargo, ciertas limitaciones todavía impiden la completa implementación de esta tecnología a escala industrial, en particular para la producción de combustibles líquidos a partir del proceso Fischer Tropsch (FT). Los principales inconvenientes están relacionados con la calidad del syngas, por ejemplo una baja relación H2/CO y la presencia de impurezas (tar y contaminantes menores), y dependen de la naturaleza del material y de las condiciones de operación del proceso de gasificación. Esta tesis se centra en la mejora de la calidad del syngas de gasificación de biomasa y combustibles sólidos recuperados (CSRs) para la producción de combustibles líquidos. El trabajo se divide en dos partes principales. La primera parte consiste en estudios experimentales de gasificación de biomasa y CSRs en un reactor de lecho fluidizado a escala de laboratorio para evaluar la influencia de las condiciones de operación (temperatura, materiales de lecho, agentes de gasificación, etc.) en el rendimiento del proceso y la composición del gas. Debido a que los CSRs contienen mayores cantidades de precursores de contaminantes que la biomasa, se ha desarrollado un método para determinar la concentración de HCl, H2S, HCN y NH3 en el syngas mediante potenciometría de ion selectivo. Además, se propone la aplicación de un pretratamiento térmico (torrefacción) a los materiales de gasificación como un método para mejorar las propiedades de los materiales y disminuir la emisión de contaminantes en el syngas. Por último, la segunda parte consiste en un estudio tecno-económico para estimar los costes de inversión y de operación de plantas de combustibles líquidos FT a partir de la gasificación de biomasa y residuos, partiendo de los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente.
Gasification is a promising technology for energy exploitation of biomass and waste, converting carbonaceous fuels into a synthesis gas (syngas) with multiple applications. However, technical obstacles hinder the full implementation of this technology at industrial scale, particularly for the production of liquid fuels through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Those challenges are mainly related to the syngas quality, such as a low H2/CO ratio and the presence of impurities (tar and minor contaminants), strongly influenced by the nature of the feedstock and the operating conditions of the gasification process. This thesis focuses on the improvement of the syngas quality from gasification of biomass and solid recovered fuels (SRFs) aiming to produce liquid fuels. The present work is divided in two main blocks. The first block corresponds to biomass and SRFs gasification experiments in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor in order to study the influence of key operating conditions (temperature, bed materials, gasification agents, etc.) on the gasification performance and gas composition. Since SRF materials contain higher amounts of contaminants precursors than biomass, a method to assess the concentration of HCl, H2S, HCN and NH3 in the syngas by means of ion-selective potentiometry was developed. The application of a thermal pretreatment (torrefaction) to the gasification feedstocks is proposed as a way to upgrade the feedstock properties and abate the release of contaminants in the syngas. The second part of this work consists in a techno-economic analysis that estimates capital and production costs of FT liquid fuel plants based on biomass and waste gasification, using as input the experimental results.
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Nowak, Piotr [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Seifert. "Combustion of biomass and solid recovered fuels on the grate / Piotr Nowak ; Betreuer: Helmut Seifert." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205736999/34.

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Dunnu, Gregory [Verfasser]. "Characterisation of Solid Recovered Fuels for Direct Co-firing in Large-Scale PF Power Plants / Gregory Dunnu." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1051574951/34.

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Balampanis, Dimitris E. "Comparative study on the combustion and gasification of solid recovered fuels. Emphasis on residues characterisation and chlorine partitioning." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4692.

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Thermal treatment is recognised as a valid option within the waste management hierarchy for the recovery of the energy content of waste. Recent developments in the field are signposted from emergent technologies and the standardisation of solid recovered fuels. This work comparatively examines the fluidized bed combustion and gasification of a novel material; East London’s solid recovered fuel. Emphasis is given on the characterisation of the solid residues produced from the two thermal treatment techniques and chlorine partitioning, in particular. Chlorine mass balances are studied under steady state conditions for combustion and gasification. Furthermore, trace metals content, chlorobenzenes, major elements, crystalline structures, and leaching behaviours are compared in the two residues types. For the characterisation of these residues a series of analytical methods have been applied and compared for their efficiencies. Results indicate that gasification produces 5-6 times less HCI than combustion. Furthermore, gasification residues retain higher amounts of CI and in less water soluble forms. However, gasification residues have 3-8 times higher organochlorides load, expressed chlorobenzenes. This work generates novel data on the comparative characterisation of waste thermal treatment residues. These data contribute towards the technical confidence for further utilisation of solid recovered fuels, and the knowledge over the residues’ properties.
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Vonk, Gwendal. "Caractérisation de la gazéfication de combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) en vue d'optimiser leur utilsation dans une unité de cogénération par gazogène." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S075/document.

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La gazéification est un procédé de conversion thermochimique permettant de convertir un combustible solide en gaz de synthèse (syngaz), composé notamment de H2 et CO. L’utilisation de déchets non-dangereux sous forme de CSR doit, en plus de fournir une énergie avec de bons rendements, respecter les normes environnementales. Nos travaux évaluent les performances énergétiques et environnementales de la gazéification à l’air de CSR (bois, pneus, plastiques, boues de STEP) en réacteurs en lit fixe co-courant à l’échelle pilote et industrielle. Les méthodes d’analyse utilisées permettent un suivi de la composition du syngaz, ainsi que des polluants (soufrés, azotés, goudrons, métaux lourds) dans les effluents du procédé, par rapport à une ressource propre (bois brut). Les performances de gazéification du CSR Bois sont identiques au Bois. Cependant un ajout de 20%m de CSR Pneus, Plastique ou Boues de STEP à du CSR Bois conduit à une diminution de H2 et CO compensée par une augmentation d’hydrocarbures légers (CH4, C2), conduisant à un pouvoir calorifique similaire, compris entre 4,9 et 5,4 MJ/Nm3. Les performances de gazéification sont légèrement plus fiables avec les mélanges de CSR, entre 35 et 49% alors qu’elles atteignent 48 à 52% pour le Bois et le CSR Bois. Par rapport au Bois, seuls les composés azotés sont en plus grand nombre pour le CSR Bois. Pour les mélanges de CSR, les teneurs en goudrons, composés soufrés et azotés sont plus élevées. De plus, les teneurs en métaux lourds sont plus élevées dans les fines particules que dans les charbons, demandant probablement un traitement particulier
Gasification is a thermochemical conversion process converting solid fuel into synthetic gas (syngas), containing H2 and CO. Sorting waste to produce SRF aims to allow a better energy recovery of waste, while satisfying environmental regulations. This study focuses on energetic and environmental performances of the air gasification of SRF (wood, tire, plastics, sewage sludge) using downdraft fixed bed reactors at pilot and industrial scale. Analytical procedures allow quantification of syngas composition as well as pollutant contents (sulfur, nitrogen, tars, heavy metals) in gasification outlet streams, considering raw wood as a reference. SRF Wood gasification performances are identical to Raw Wood. However adding 20%w of SRF Tire, Plastics or Sewage Sludge to SRF Wood leads to a decrease in H2 and CO contents, balanced by an increase in light hydrocarbons (CH4, C2), resulting in a similar syngas calorific value, ranging between 4.9 and 5.4 MJ/Nm3. Gasification performances are slightly lower with SRF mixes, ranging between 35 and 49%, while reaching 48 to 52% for Raw Wood and SRF Wood. Compared to Wood, only nitrogen containing pollutants are in higher concentrations with SRF Wood. In the case of SRF mixes, tars, sulfur and nitrogen containing pollutants are in higher concentrations. Moreover, heavy metals contents are higher in fine particles than in chars, resulting in a particular post-treatment
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Velis, C. A. "Solid recovered fuel production through the mechanical-biological treatment of wastes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8354.

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This thesis is concerned with the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF) from municipal solid waste using mechanical biological treatment (MBT) plants. It describes the first in-depth analysis of a UK MBT plant and addresses the fundamental research question: are MBT plants and their unit operations optimised to produce high quality SRF in the UK? A critical review of the process science and engineering of MBT provides timely insights into the quality management and standardisation of SRF use in Europe. Quantitative fuel property data for European SRFs are collated and analysed statistically in a detailed examination of the fuel quality achievable from MBT-derived SRF. The experimental research herein applies statistical sampling, analytical characterisation and materials flow analysis to a new generation, fully operational SRF-producing MBT plant. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first detailed analysis of this kind for a UK plant. Individual process flows from mechanically processed waste are characterised using a series of fuel properties in line with the European product standards for SRF, and confidence limits in these properties quantified. New data on SRF quality, including biogenic content, is provided. In seeking understand the variability in waste heterogeneity and its impact on SRF production in an MBT plant, material flow analysis is applied across the MBT flowsheet to compute transfer coefficients for individual unit operations. This provides a basis for critically evaluating the performance of this specific MBT and the extent to which is it optimised for SRF production. Cont/d.
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Rogier, Eric Nicolas. "Simulating Heat Recovery of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell using EES." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2258.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) as the heat source for a heat engine power cycle can greatly increase the overall efficiency. The maximum efficiency is limited in at least the following ways. All thermal heat engine power cycles are limited by the Carnot efficiency which is a function of the hot and cold reservoirs the cycle operates between. Another irreversibility that limits the maximum efficiency of a fossil fuel cycle is the combustion reaction. In a boiler or combustion chamber, the chemical reaction of combustion happens spontaneously, meaning that the reaction happens without being used to generate power. A fuel cell decreases this irreversibility because it generates work as the combustion reaction happens. A SOFC can do this without an expensive catalyst due to the higher operating temperature. The power generated by the fuel cell can be added to the power generated by the thermal power cycle operating from the exhaust of the SOFC. The total work generated would be more than the system would have generated from just the heat engine resulting in a higher overall efficiency for the cycle. A SOFC and a recovery power cycle was simulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to solve for ideal operating conditions. The fuel cell and gas turbine system had a net power output of 136 MW and had an efficiency of 60.84%, assuming the fuel cell had an 85% fuel utilization.
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Steer, Julian Mark. "Research into material recovery techniques and the utilisation of solid fuels in an industrial context." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88344/.

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This thesis covers two main areas of investigation, the production and recovery of process dusts formed in the steelmaking industry, and secondly the study of the utilisation of coals for injection in a blast furnace and during co-firing with biomass in a utility boiler. These are linked by an overall aim to research the environmental and economic sustainability of industrial processes through increased process efficiency, decreased environmental impacts, and increased recovery of waste. It comprises a summary of the research contribution from six first-author peer reviewed journal publications and nine supplementary contributions for the submission of a PhD by published works. Process dust research was carried out on a 300t vessel requiring the development of a novel industrial scale isokinetic sampling methodology, capable of sampling frequently enough to measure and analyse mass flow profiles and zinc mass contamination profiles at a higher level of detail than in prior research. A new understanding of the impact of inprocess iron ore additions and waste oxide additions were correlated with additional dust and zinc mass peaks. This methodology was also used to prove that a new process change involving a galvanised scrap holding stage could be applied to successfully reduce the zinc contamination. Research into a modified hydrometallurgical leaching method for blast furnace dust gave high zinc extraction, but with low iron extraction, by the novel utilisation of the substituent group effect of carboxylic acid leaching. Further research also identified that improvements in the zinc extraction selectivity could be achieved using a non-aqueous solvent to utilise the Lewis acid effect. In terms of solid fuel utilisation, factors such as the physical properties, cost, and availability result in end users blending coals to meet their needs. The use of higher volatile matter coals was found to benefit blends with low volatile coal in the context of the blast furnace, but research conducted on a 500MW utility boiler showed that carbon monoxide and dust levels increase. Although grinding coals to a pulverised specification has been proved to benefit utilisation, new findings show that the additional grinding alters the surface chemistry and reactivity of many coals and was related to reduced burnouts compared to some larger particle size specifications. Research on industrial processes is challenging, but these papers aim to address sustainability issues in terms of the efficient use and recovery of materials.
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Serutla, Bokhabane Tlotliso Violet. "Potential for energy recovery and its economic evaluation from a municipal solid wastes landfill in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2463.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Landfill gases, principally methane, CH4 are produced from the decomposition of the municipal solid wastes deposited on landfill sites. These gases can be captured and converted into usable energy or electricity which will assist in addressing energy needs of South Africa. Its capture also reduces the problems associated with greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to estimate gases that can be produced from the Bellville landfill site in Cape Town. The landfill gas capacity was estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. The IPCC model showed that 48 447m3/year of landfill gas capacity was determined only in 2013. The LFGTE process plant is designed in a manner of purifying landfill gas, which at the end methane gets up being the only gas combusted. As a matter of fact 14 544kg/year of gases which consists mainly methane gets combusted. The average energy that can be produced based on the generated landfill gas capacity (methane gas) is 1,004MWh/year. This translates to R1. 05million per year at Eskom’s current tariff of R2.86 /kWh) including sales from CO2 which is a by-product from the designed process plant. A LFGTE process plant has been developed from the gathered information on landfill gas capacity and the amount of energy that can be generated from the gas. In order, to start-up this project the total fixed capital costs of this project required amounted up to R2.5 million. On the other hand, the project made a profit amounted to R3.9million, the Net profit summed up to R1. 3million and the payback time of Landfill Gas ToEnergy (LFGTE) project is 4years.The break-even of the project is on second year of the plant’s operation. The maximum profit that this project can generate is around R1. 1million. The life span of the plant is nine years. Aspen plus indicated that about 87% of pure methane was separated from CO2 and H2S for combustion at theabsorption gas outletstream. I would suggest this project to be done because it is profitable when by-products such as CO2 sales add to the project’s revenues.
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Books on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

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Hall, Fred. Evaluation of fabric filter performance at Ames solid waste recovery system. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Young, Gary C. Municipal solid waste to energy conversion processes: Economic, technical, and renewable comparisons. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley, 2010.

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Young, Gary C. Municipal solid waste to energy conversion processes: Economic, technical, and renewable comparisons. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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Kerstetter, James D. Municipal solid waste to energy: Analysis of a national survey : for Washington communities interested in energy recovery as an alternative to landfilling municipal solid waste. Olympia, WA (809 Legion Way S.E., FA 11, Olympia 98504-1211): Washington State Energy Office, 1987.

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Kerstetter, James D. Municipal solid waste to energy: An analysis of a national survey : for Washington communities interested in energy recovery as an alternative to landfilling municipal solid waste. Olympia, WA (809 Legion Way S.E., FA-11, Olympia 98504-1211): Washington State Energy Office, 1987.

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Hegberg, Bruce A. Municipal solid waste incineration with energy recovery: Technologies, facilities, and vendors for less than 550 tons per day. Chicago, Ill. (Box 6998, Chicago 60680): University of Illinois Center for Solid Waste Management and Research, Office of Technology Transfer, School of Public Health, 1990.

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Gershman, Brickner & Bratton., ed. Small-scale municipal solid waste energy recovery systems. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1986.

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Montana. Biomass Utilization and Cogeneration Program. and Matney Franz Engineering (Bozeman, Mont.), eds. A Municipal solid waste recovery station feasibility report. Helena, Mont. (32 South Ewing, Helena 59620): The Program, 1985.

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Reddy, P. Jayarama. Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste by Thermal Conversion Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Reddy, P. Jayarama. Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste by Thermal Conversion Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

1

Maier, Jörg, Alexander Gerhardt, and Gregory Dunnu. "Experiences on Co-firing Solid Recovered Fuels in the Coal Power Sector." In Solid Biofuels for Energy, 75–94. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-393-0_4.

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Sosa, L. V., S. L. Galván, S. M. Lusich, and R. O. Bielsa. "Use of Solid Recovered Fuels to Address Energy and Environmental Problems in Argentina." In Energy and Environmental Security in Developing Countries, 331–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63654-8_13.

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Vainikka, P., J. Silvennoinen, P. Yrjas, A. Frantsi, L. Hietanen, M. Hupa, and R. Taipale. "Bromine and Chlorine in Aerosols and Fly Ash when Co-Firing Solid Recovered Fuel, Spruce Bark and Paper Mill Sludge in a 80MWth BFB Boiler." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 1061–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_165.

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Martinez-Guerra, Edith, Tapaswy Muppaneni, Veera Gnaneswar Gude, and Shuguang Deng. "Non-Conventional Feedstock and Technologies for Biodiesel Production." In Advanced Solid Catalysts for Renewable Energy Production, 96–118. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3903-2.ch004.

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Increased consumption and energy security issues have led many developed and developing countries to seek methods to produce alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one such high-density alternative fuel that can increase the longevity of transportation fuels. Biodiesel can be produced from a wide range of feedstock using simple process schemes. In the past, edible oils were used as feedstock for biodiesel fuel production; however, use of non-traditional feed stock like waste cooking oil, non-edible oils, animal fats, and algae can make biodiesel production a sustainable process. The high free fatty acids content in the feedstock, longer reaction rates, high energy consumption, and the catalysts used in the conversion process pose some limitations for current biodiesel production. These limitations can be addressed by developing novel process techniques such as microwaves and ultrasound and by developing non-catalytic transesterification methods. Enhancing byproduct recovery seems to be an important strategy to improve the energy footprint and economics of current biodiesel production.
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Hasib, Aziz, Abdellah Ouigmane, Otmane Boudouch, Rida Kacmi, Mustapha Bouzaid, and Mohamed Berkani. "Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Morocco: Co-Incineration of RDF as an Alternative Fuel in Cement Kilns." In Solid Waste Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93936.

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The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major obstacle for the majority of municipalities in developing countries because of the impacts related to the landfilling of waste. Garbage is an energy-rich material. As a result, energy recovery is considered to be a sustainable waste management method. In Morocco, 7.4 million tons are produced annually; most of the waste is landfilled without any recovery despite the impacts related to this method of disposal. The objective of this chapter is to characterize combustible fractions (RDF) from household waste in Morocco and to study the economic and environmental benefits of their use as alternative fuels in cement kilns. The results of this research show that the combustible fractions contained in household waste in Morocco constitute a potential sustainable energy source with a high lower calorific value (4454 kcal/kg). The study of the advantages of co-incineration shows that the substitution of pet coke by 15% RDF reduces the pollution linked to gaseous emissions. In addition, the cement plant can make financial savings 389 USD/h by minimizing the use of fossil fuels.
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Azizul Moqsud, M. "Bioelectricity from Organic Solid Waste." In Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95297.

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Resource recovery and recycling of organic waste is a great challenge in the world. The unmanaged organic waste causes a great damage to the environment and the public health both in the developing countries and industrial parts of the world. In this research, an innovative method was adopted to generate bioelectricity from the organic waste by using the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Various types of organic wastes such as livestock waste, food waste, fruit waste were used as the substrates of the microbial fuel cell. All the experiments were carried out in the same sized one chamber microbial fuel cell and the similar electrode materials. It was observed that all the organic wastes can be used to generate bioelectricity through microbial fuel cell. The generated electricity can be used in several environmental monitoring sensors and can be used as an alternate power source in the developing countries. The by-products of the bioelectricity generation can be used as soil conditioner in the organic depleted soil and agricultural fields.
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Diaz, Luis F., George M. Savage, and Clarence G. Golueke. "Production and Utilization of Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes, 29–50. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351076371-2.

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Mätzing, H., H. J. Gehrmann, H. Seifert, D. Stapf, and R. Keune. "Modelling Biomass and Solid Recovered Fuel Combustion on Reciprocating Grates with CFD-application." In 28. Deutscher Flammentag, 143–50. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023020-143.

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CLEMENS, T., M. HAINES, and W. HEIDUG. "Optimised CO2 Avoidance Through Integration of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies - 6th International Conference, 1319–24. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044276-1/50209-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

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Breckel, Alex C., John R. Fyffe, and Michael E. Webber. "Net Energy and CO2 Emissions Analysis of Using MRF Residue as Solid Recovered Fuel at Coal Fired Power Plants." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88092.

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According to the waste management hierarchy published by the U.S. EPA, waste reduction and reuse are the most preferred modes of waste management, followed by recycling, energy recovery and lastly disposal. As many communities in the U.S. work towards sustainable waste management practices, recycling tends to be a cost-effective and common solution for handling municipal solid waste. With the introduction of single-stream recycling and automated materials recovery facilities (MRFs), where commingled recyclables are sorted into various commodity streams for sale to recycling facilities, recycling rates have steadily climbed in recent years. Despite increasing total recycling rates, contamination and diminishing returns for higher recovery ratios causes MRFs to landfill 5–25% of the incoming recycling stream as residue. This residue stream is composed primarily of plastics and fiber, both of which have high energy content that could be recovered instead of buried in a landfill. Plastics in particular are reported to have heat contents similar to fossil fuels, making energy recovery a viable end-of-life pathway. Sorting, shredding and densifying the residue stream to form solid recovered fuel (SRF) pellets for use as an alternative fuel yields energy recovery, displaced fossil fuels and landfill avoidance, moving more disposed refuse up the waste management hierarchy. Previous studies have shown that plastic, paper, and plastic-paper mixes are well suited for conversion to SRF and combustion for energy production. However, these studies focused on relatively homogenous and predictable material streams. MRF residue is not homogenous and has only a moderate degree of predictability, and thus poses several technical challenges for conversion to SRF and for straightforward energy and emissions analysis. This research seeks to understand the energetic and environmental tradeoffs associated with converting MRF residue into SRF for co-firing in pulverized coal power plants. A technical analysis is presented that compares a residue-to-SRF scenario to a residue-to-landfill scenario to estimate non-obvious energy and emissions tradeoffs associated with this alternative end-of-life scenario for MRF residue. Sensitivity to key assumptions was analyzed by considering facility proximity, landfill gas capture efficiency, conversion ratio of residue to SRF and the mass of residue used. The results of this study indicate that the use of MRF residue derived SRF in coal fired steam-electricity power plants realizes meaningful reductions of emissions, primary energy consumption, coal use and landfill deposition.
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Chen, Lin, Shuzhong Wang, Wu Zhiqiang, Haiyu Meng, Jun Zhao, and Lin Zonghu. "Investigation on Thermal and Kinetic Characteristics During Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Recovered Fuels Obtained From Municipal Solid Waste in China." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49257.

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Alternative fuels, such as municipal solid waste (MSW) tend to play an increasingly important role in Chinese energy supply. Gasifying fuels derived from MSW have the potential of covering a significant part of the future demand on gasification capacities. However, their pyrolysis behaviour was not clear due to that the reactions during co-pyrolysis of the MSW serval fractions have not yet been fully investigated. In this paper, thermal behavior of pork, polypropylene and their blends were investigated by thermogravimetry under pyrolysis conditions via the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis kinetics characteristics of the waste samples was investigated at a temperature range of 50 to 1000 °C with the heating rate of rate of 10, 20, 40 °C·min−1 and for particle sizes less than 74 μm. The results indicated that pyrolysis rate of pork was hindered by polypropylene. Negative synergistic effects on mixture decomposition was observed. Weight loss of mixture were lower than that calculated from individual samples for pork and polypropylene. The apparent activation energy were obtained through Kissinger and Ozawa methods for the samples. The results indicated that more energy for blends to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.
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Hu, Jianhang, Hua Wang, and Fang He. "Experimental Research on Direct Gasification and Melting Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50336.

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Direct Gasification & Melting technology is tacking with the development of environment-friendly technology and products harmonized with giving impact on the external environment. The technological process can be described as: Waste is fed from one side of the melting furnace. The auxiliary fuels maybe various fuels, such as coal, oil and combustible gas et al. The auxiliary fuel is for melting the waste. The limestone is the basically controller of slag. Air is sent through the third tuyers into the secondary combustion zone, through the second tuyers into the pryolysis and gasifying zone, through the main tuyers into the high temperature combustion and melting zone at the lower portion. In the secondary combustion zone, a high temperature reducing atmosphere is established which suppress the generation of dioxins and pyrolyzed tar. In the pryolysis and gasifying zone, the waste is brought in mild fluidizing state and gasified by the injected high-speed air through the secondary tuyers. Through the zone, the non-combustible components fall into the high temperature combustion and melting zone the bottom of the furnace. The fluidization prevents bridging or hanging obstruction due to mutual melting of plastics and other materials. In the high temperature combustion and melting zone, the combustion of auxiliary fuels and fixed carbon melt the ash. During the flow-down period, the melted ash becomes homogeneous slag. Also in this process, lead and zinc are vaporized and removed from the slag. Then, the slag is continuously extracted through the extracting equipment along with metals. The slag that is recovered from the water bath is treated by magnetic separation to remove metals, and becomes a resource material. The combustion and melting is controlled at temperatures of 1400°C or higher. The concentrations of dioxins were less than 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm3 at the smokestack outlet and 0.0012ng-TEQ/g at the slag.
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Swithenbank, Jim. "SUWIC Innovations in Thermal Waste to Energy Technologies." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2199.

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Sustainable cities require the generation of electrical energy from those fractions of wastes that cannot be economically reused or recycled, including the “carbon dioxide neutral” biomass components. The energy content of these solid materials can be recovered by burning directly or after processing into refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Alternatively, the combustion process can be staged by the production of intermediate fuels using either pyrolysis or gasification. Co-processing of the material with coal generally increases plant utilisation and thus reduces costs.
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Izenson, Michael G., and Jay C. Rozzi. "Demonstration of Efficient Water Recovery for Fuel Cell Power Systems." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85002.

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Water recovery and recycling are key technologies for fuel cell power systems. This paper describes technology to recover and recycle water using a compact, efficient condenser to separate water from a fuel cell exhaust stream. The condenser uses an innovative, micromachined condensing surface to achieve very high condensation mass flux and enable very high water recovery efficiency from a compact system. The condenser is sized for a 5 kWe, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system, but can easily be scaled up for higher power systems. We demonstrated operation of the condenser using an input stream that simulated the exhaust from an SOFC power system. Our device condensed and recovered 97–99% of the water in the input stream while consuming very little power (about 50 W).
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Campanari, Stefano, Matteo Gazzani, and Matteo C. Romano. "Analysis of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) Based Coal Fired Power Cycles With CO2 Capture." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69778.

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This work presents an analysis of the application of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) to large scale, coal fuelled power cycles. DCFCs are a type of high temperature fuel cell featuring the possibility of being fed directly with coal or other heavy fuels, with high tolerance to impurities and contaminants (e.g. sulphur) contained in the fuel. Different DCFC technologies of this type are developed in laboratories, research centres or new startup companies, although at kW-scale, showing promising results for their possible future application to stationary power generation. This work investigates the potential application of two DCFC categories, both using a “molten anode medium” which can be (i) a mixture of molten carbonates or (ii) a molten metal (liquid tin) flowing at the anode of a fuel cell belonging to the solid oxide electrolyte family. Both technologies can be considered particularly interesting for the possible future application to large scale, coal fuelled power cycles with CO2 capture, since they both have the advantage of oxidizing coal without mixing the oxidized products with nitrogen, thus releasing a high CO2 concentration exhaust gas. After a description of the operating principles of the two DCFCs, it is presented a lumped-volume thermodynamic model which reproduces the DCFC behaviour in terms of energy and material balances, calibrated over available literature data. We consider then two plant layouts, using a hundred-MW scale coal feeding, where the DCFC generates electricity and heat recovered by a bottoming steam cycle, while the exhaust gases are sent to a CO2 compression train, after purification in appropriate cleaning processes. Detailed results are presented in terms of energy and material balances of the proposed cycles, showing how the complete system may surpass 65% LHV electrical efficiency with nearly complete (95%+) CO2 capture, making the system very attractive, although evidencing a number of technologically critical issues.
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Paisley, Mark A., and Mark Millspaugh. "A Novel Approach to the Generation of Sustainable Energy From Biomass and Wastes." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5405.

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Recent price increases for various forms of energy along with projected shortages of supply have resulted in renewed interest in alternative fuels. Biomass gasification provides a renewable basis for supplying electric power and also a broad suite of chemicals such as Fisher-Tropsch liquids as well as hydrogen. The Taylor gasification process, being developed by Taylor Biomass Energy is a biomass gasification process that produces a MCV gas. The Taylor gasification process provides improvements over currently available gasification processes by integrating improvements to reduce issues with ash agglomeration and provide in-situ destruction of condensable hydrocarbons (tars), an essential element in gas cleanup. The gas conditioning step integrated into the Taylor Gasification Process provides a unique method to convert the tars into additional synthesis gas and to adjust the composition of the synthesis gas. Taylor Biomass Energy has developed and refined a sorting and recycling process that can produce a clean feedstock for energy recovery from abundant residue materials such as construction and demolition residuals and MSW. The sorting and separating process can then be coupled to the Taylor gasification process to produce clean, sustainable energy. Construction is expected to start in mid 2011 for an integrated combined cycle power system incorporating the Taylor Gasification Process and utilizing biomass feedstocks recovered from municipal solid wastes (MSW) and construction and demolition wastes C&D). The Taylor Recycling Facility, LLC, located approximately 70 miles northwest of New York City in Montgomery, NY, is a leader in C&D and waste wood recycling. The development process including integration with a gas turbine based combined cycle system, connection into the New York ISO, and identification of renewable energy credit options is discussed along with a discussion of the Taylor Gasification Process, its modular design, and implementation into the commercial IGCC system in Montgomery, NY.
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Santin, Marco, Alberto Traverso, and Aristide Massardo. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems Fed by Liquid Fuels for Distributed Power Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50615.

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Solid oxide fuel cell hybridization with micro gas turbines is an attractive option for distributed power generation up to a few MW, allowing to obtain high efficiency and low pollutant emission. In this publication, a comparative thermoeconomic analysis of SOFC hybrid systems with methanol and kerosene fuel processors is presented. Methanol can be produced from renewable sources. Also, hybrid systems fuelled by methanol can achieve high efficiencies due to effective heat recovery from the exhaust gases in the low temperature reformer. Kerosene is representative of conventional liquid fossil fuels, and it is also a typical fuel for aerospace applications. A 500 kW class hybrid system was chosen for this analysis and the performance was calculated based on macroscopic component models. The results were obtained with WTEMP software, developed by the Thermochemical Power Group of the University of Genoa. The choice of the fuel processing strategy and the influence of the main design parameters on the thermoeconomic characteristics of hybrid systems were investigated.
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Zhou, Xian, Hua Liu, Lin Fu, and Shigang Zhang. "Experimental Study of Natural Gas Combustion Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Direct Contact Heat Transfer and Absorption Heat Pump." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18316.

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Condensing boiler for flue gas waste heat recovery is widely used in industries. In order to gain a portion of the sensible heat and latent heat of the vapor in the flue gas, the flue gas is cooled by return water of district heating through a condensation heat exchanger which is located at the end of flue. At low ambient air temperature, some boilers utilize the air pre-heater, which makes air be heated before entering the boiler, and also recovers part of the waste heat of flue gas. However, there are some disadvantages for these technologies. For the former one, the low temperature of the return water is required while the utilization of flue gas heat for the latter one is very limited. A new flue gas condensing heat recovery system is developed, in which direct contact heat exchanger and absorption heat pump are integrated with the gas boiler to recover condensing heat, even the temperature of the return water is so low that the latent heat of vapor in the flue gas could not be recovered directly by the general condensing technologies. Direct contact condensation occurs when vapor in the flue gas contacts and condenses on cold liquid directly. Due to the absence of a solid boundary between the phases, transport processes at the phase interface are much more efficient and quite different from condensation phenomena on a solid surface. Additionally, the surface heat exchanger tends to be more bulky and expensive. In this study, an experimental platform of the new system is built, and a variety of experimental conditions are carried out. Through the analysis of the experimental data and operational state, the total thermal efficiency of the platform will be increased 3.9%, and the system is reliable enough to be popularized.
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Klein, Alexander, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Wastes by Gasification." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1692.

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Recovery of energy from MSW by combustion in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants reduces landfilling and air/water emissions, and also lessens dependence on fossil fuels for power generation. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of gasification processes as an alternative to the combustion of MSW. Gasification uses a relatively small amount of oxygen or water vapor to convert the organic compounds into a combustible gas. Its advantages are a much lower volume of process gas per unit of MSW and thus smaller volume of gas control equipment; also, gasification generates a fuel gas that can be integrated with combined cycle turbines or reciprocating engines, thus converting fuel energy to electricity more efficiently than the steam boilers used in combustion of MSW. The disadvantages are the need to pre-process the MSW to a Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and the formation of tars that may foul the downstream gas cleaning and energy conversion systems. This paper presents two prominent gasification processes and compares their energy characteristics with a mass burn WTE and a suspension firing WTE that uses shredded WTE. The results showed potential energy and capital cost advantages for gasification. However, long-term operating results from industrial plants are needed for gasification to become a practical alternative to combustion.
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Reports on the topic "Solid Recovered Fuels"

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Geiger, Gail E. Recovery Act. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Diesel Auxilliary Power Unit Demonstration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196763.

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