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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid-state sintering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Biswas, Koushik. "Solid State Sintering of SiC-Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 624 (June 2009): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.624.71.

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The most interesting feature in silicon carbide is the structure-property relation where the formation of different types of microstructure due to different structural modifications (polytypism) and grain-boundary/interfacial phase chemistry dictate the final properties of the monoliths. Since synthesis of SiC in last century, several methods such as hot pressing with a sintering aid (B, C), pressureless sintering with a sintering aid (B, C, Al) and reaction bonded (Si-SiC) were used to fabricate dense SiC. A newer method of fast sintering (spark plasma sintering) using pulsed current is also employed to consolidate nano/submicron size SiC with or without additives. The solid state sintered SiC materials have fine-grained equiaxed microstructure (grain size 1 to 4 µm) with thin layer of intergranular phases (amorphous film), exhibit moderate high-temperature creep and oxidation resistance, fracture toughness (3 to 4 MPam1/2) and have highly flaw-sensitive strength at room temperature. The high temperature mechanical properties are highly influenced by the presence of free C, Al and B + C containing grain-boundary phases. Moreover, during prolong processing, abnormal grain growth occurs resulting in anisotropic -SiC phase formation. The Si-SiC materials are poor candidates for high-temperature applications due to the limit set by the melting point of silicon, and the limitations of hot pressing (HPSiC) as a densification technique are well known. SPSed SiC without sintering additive revealed inferior mechanical properties attributed to poor bonding between adjacent grains. In the present survey, an overview of the new developments in silicon carbide processing and properties will be presented together with the information on structure-properties correlationship. Information on the structure of the grain-boundary/secondary phases and interfaces until now was not comprehensively analyzed.

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2

Braginsky, Michael, Veena Tikare, and Eugene Olevsky. "Numerical simulation of solid state sintering." International Journal of Solids and Structures 42, no. 2 (January 2005): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.022.

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3

Ryan, Amy G., James K. Russell, and Michael J. Heap. "Rapid solid-state sintering in volcanic systems." American Mineralogist 103, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 2028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6714.

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4

Hötzer, Johannes, Marco Seiz, Michael Kellner, Wolfgang Rheinheimer, and Britta Nestler. "Phase-field simulation of solid state sintering." Acta Materialia 164 (February 2019): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.10.021.

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5

Gurwell, W. E. "Solid-State Sintering of Tungsten Heavy Alloys." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 9, no. 6 (November 1994): 1115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426919408934979.

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6

Maximenko, Andrey L., and Eugene A. Olevsky. "Effective diffusion coefficients in solid-state sintering." Acta Materialia 52, no. 10 (June 2004): 2953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.02.042.

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7

Tikare, Veena, Michael Braginsky, and Eugene A. Olevsky. "Numerical Simulation of Solid-State Sintering: I, Sintering of Three Particles." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86, no. 1 (January 2003): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03276.x.

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8

Kang, Suk-Joong L., Rajendra K. Bordia, and Eugene A. Olevsky. "Emerging challenges in solid-state sintering science and technology." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-4-28-31.

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Major research challenges in the field of solid-state sintering are noted following the authors’ recent paper (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2017. Vol. 100. P. 2314–2352). They are highlighted in the areas of (i) modeling and simulation (mesoscale as well as macroscale), (ii) microstructural evolution with respect to interface structure, (iii) novel sintering techniques, and (iv) solutions for practical systems.

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9

Yasui, Kyuichi, and Koichi Hamamoto. "Comparison between cold sintering and dry pressing of CaCO₃ at room temperature by numerical simulations." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087226.

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Numerical models of solid-state and liquid-phase sintering of CaCO3 at room temperature are developed for applied static pressures as high as 280 MPa. Under the applied static pressure of 280 MPa, solid-state sintering (dry pressing) also works at room temperature due to the significant increase in the magnitude of the strain rate caused by dislocation processes occurring within the grains. Under the applied static pressure as low as 10 MPa, solid-state sintering no longer works due to the drop in the magnitude of the strain rate caused by dislocation processes occurring within the grains. On the other hand, liquid-phase sintering (cold sintering) still works under 10 MPa at room temperature due to the significant contribution of densification due to rearrangement in the presence of liquid as well as that due to contact flattening by dissolution and precipitation.

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10

Savitskii, A. P., and Y. S. Kwon. "Solid state sintering of interacting two-component mixtures." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 6 (June 2002): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80310-1.

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11

Missiaen, J. M. "Solid-state spreading and sintering of multiphase materials." Materials Science and Engineering: A 475, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.160.

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12

Arantes, V. L., R. B. Coutinho, S. S. Martins, S. Huang, and J. Vleugels. "Solid state sintering behavior of zirconia-nickel composites." Ceramics International 45, no. 17 (December 2019): 22120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.07.229.

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13

Wang, Chao, and Shao-Hua Chen. "Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering." Acta Mechanica Sinica 28, no. 3 (May 18, 2012): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-012-0029-3.

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14

Hoge, Carl E., and Joseph A. Pask. "Thermodynamic and geometric considerations of solid state sintering." Ceramics International 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90087-2.

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15

Niu, Yu, Feng Xu, Xiaofang Hu, Jianhua Zhao, Hong Miao, Xiaoping Wu, and Zhong Zhang. "In Situ Investigation of the Silicon Carbide Particles Sintering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/728617.

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A real-time observation of the microstructure evolution of irregularly shaped silicon carbide powders during solid state sintering is realized by using synchrotron radiation computerized topography (SR-CT) technique. The process of sintering neck growth and material migration during sintering are clearly distinguished from 2D and 3D reconstructed images. The sintering neck size of the sample is presented for quantitative analysis of the sintering kinetics during solid state sintering. The neck size-time curve is obtained. Compared with traditional sintering theories, the neck growth exponent (7.87) obtained by SR-CT experiment is larger than that of the two-sphere model. Such condition is discussed and shown in terms of sintering neck growth, in which the sintering process slows down when the particle shape is irregular rather than spherical.

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16

Jartych, E., T. Pikula, M. Mazurek, W. Franus, A. Lisinska-Czekaj, D. Czekaj, D. Oleszak, Z. Surowiec, A. Aksenczuk, and A. Calka. "Structure and Magnetic Properties of Bi5Ti3FeO15 Ceramics Prepared by Sintering, Mechanical Activation and Edamm Process. A Comparative Study." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0147.

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Abstract Three different methods were used to obtain Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics, i.e. solid-state sintering, mechanical activation (MA) with subsequent thermal treatment, and electrical discharge assisted mechanical milling (EDAMM). The structure and magnetic properties of produced Bi5Ti3FeO15 samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The purest Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics was obtained by standard solid-state sintering method. Mechanical milling methods are attractive because the Bi5Ti3FeO15 compound may be formed at lower temperature or without subsequent thermal treatment. In the case of EDAMM process also the time of processing is significantly shorter in comparison with solid-state sintering method. As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, at room temperature the Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics produced by various methods is in paramagnetic state.

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17

Ping, Weiwei, Chengwei Wang, Ruiliu Wang, Qi Dong, Zhiwei Lin, Alexandra H. Brozena, Jiaqi Dai, Jian Luo, and Liangbing Hu. "Printable, high-performance solid-state electrolyte films." Science Advances 6, no. 47 (November 2020): eabc8641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8641.

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Current ceramic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) films have low ionic conductivities (10−8 to 10−5 S/cm ), attributed to the amorphous structure or volatile Li loss. Herein, we report a solution-based printing process followed by rapid (~3 s) high-temperature (~1500°C) reactive sintering for the fabrication of high-performance ceramic SSE films. The SSEs exhibit a dense, uniform structure and a superior ionic conductivity of up to 1 mS/cm. Furthermore, the fabrication time from precursor to final product is typically ~5 min, 10 to 100 times faster than conventional SSE syntheses. This printing and rapid sintering process also allows the layer-by-layer fabrication of multilayer structures without cross-contamination. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a printed solid-state battery with conformal interfaces and excellent cycling stability. Our technique can be readily extended to other thin-film SSEs, which open previously unexplores opportunities in developing safe, high-performance solid-state batteries and other thin-film devices.

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18

Kainz, T., M. Naderer, D. Schütz, O. Fruhwirth, F. A. Mautner, and K. Reichmann. "Solid state synthesis and sintering of solid solutions of BNT–xBKT." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 34, no. 15 (December 2014): 3685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.04.040.

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19

Logvinkov, S. M., O. M. Borysenko, A. A. Ivashura, H. M. Shabanova, V. M. Shumejko, A. M. Korohodska, and N. S. Tsapko. "Solid-state exchange reactions during sintering of dispersed alumina." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (February 2024): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2024-152-1-48-54.

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In this article, the mechanism of sintering of Al2O3 in the presence of small amounts of Na2O and CaO was investigated. Based on the results of the electron microscopy, the granulometry and morphological features of the particles of the studied alumina were established. The uniform nature of the distribution of sodium-containing phases was revealed, in contrast to silicon-containing ones, and the dislocation of submicron particles from calcium-containing phases was determined mainly on the basal planes of relatively large corundum particles. It was shown that such an arrangement of calcium-containing phases promotes the formation of a dense layered microstructure during sintering, especially in the presence of -alumina. The general pattern of the branched mechanism of the reaction phase formation during the sintering of the compositions in the Na2O–СаО–Al2O3 system was illustrated by a diagram explaining the trend of physicochemical processes and the feasibility of using specific types of dispersed alumina for technologies of corundum products and refractory concretes with different contents of aluminous cements.

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20

Panda, Dillip K., Stephen Creager, and Rajendra Kumar Bordia. "Development of a Solid-State Ta-Doped Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (ASSLBs)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024496mtgabs.

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Large, high-power batteries are necessary for electric vehicles. The safety of batteries is also crucial, as damaged batteries should not be combustible. Moreover, in some cases batteries need to operate a modestly high temperatures in the range of 100 - 150 0C. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) can handle these requirements with ceramic electrolytes, lithium intercalation cathodes, and lithium metal anodes. Although ASSLBs using variations on this material set have been demonstrated, they tend to have low power, in part because of low ionic conductivity, as well as low rates of interfacial reaction between electrodes and electrolytes. Various strategies are being investigated to address the challenge of low power including operating at elevated temperatures, using doped electrolytes, increasing the contact area between the electrodes and the electrolyte, and through engineering of the interfaces between electrodes and electrolytes. Using tape casting followed by sintering, we are producing thin (~20µm) and dense Ta-doped Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide (LLZTO) films, and also LLZTO pellets. The challenge of Li-loss during sintering has been addressed by using suitable sintering aids and sacrificial Li source. We have characterized LLZTO films and pellets using techniques such as XRD, SEM, and SEM EXA. The electrochemical properties of the LLZTO electrolyte including ionic conductivity have been measured. This is the first step in the creation of a full cell with engineered electrodes and interfaces. An analytical model has been developed to examine the effect of thickness of anode, cathode, and current collector on energy density.

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21

Surzhikov, A. P. "TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF THE INITIAL PERMEABILITY OF LITHIUM-TITANIUM FERRITES PRODUCED BY SOLID-STATE SINTERING IN THERMAL AND RADIATION-THERMAL MODES." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 19, no. 1 (39) (March 28, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022no1/5-9.

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The paper investigates the features of phase and structural transformations in lithium-titanium ferrites with regard to the time and temperature of solid-state sintering in thermal and radiation-thermal modes. These properties are studied with using the temperature dependence of the initial permeability. It is shown that electron beam exposure during solid-state sintering sharply accelerates the dissolution of impurity inclusions in ferrites. Also phase homogeneity of lithium-titanium ferrites products increase. The obtained results can be used for increasing of thephase homogeneity in ferrite production.

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22

Chino, Yasumasa, Koji Shimojima, Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Yasuo Yamada, Cui'e Wen, and Mamoru Mabuchi. "Solid-state recycling from machined scraps to a cellular solid." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 11 (November 2002): 2783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0404.

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Cellular solids were processed from machined scraps of a medium carbon steel by sintering. Mechanical properties of the cellular solids were investigated by compressive tests from the viewpoint of effects of high dislocation density in the machined scraps on the solid-state bonding. The flow stress in the plateau region for the cellular solid made of the as-machined scraps was higher than that of the one made of the annealed scraps. Clearly, the bonding strength between scraps was increased by the high dislocation density in the as-machined scraps.

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23

Magnani, Giuseppe, Giuliano Sico, and Alida Brentari. "Two-Step Pressureless Sintering of Silicon Carbide-Based Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 89 (October 2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.89.70.

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Pressureless sintering of silicon carbide powder requires addition of sintering aids and high sintering temperature (>2100°C) in order to achieve high sintered density (>95% T.D.). The high sintering temperature normally causes an exaggerated grain growth which can compromise the mechanical properties. Two-step sintering (TSS) can be used to overcome this problem. By this method, high sintered density is obtained avoiding the grain growth associated to the last step of the sintering. Two-step sintering was successfully applied to different commercial silicon carbide powders with different sintering mechanism: solid-state and liquid-phase sintering. In both cases the sintering temperature was set nearly 100 °C below the temperature conventionally required. Microstructures of samples obtained by TSS and conventional sintering (CS) processes were compared. TSS-SiC showed finer microstructure consisted of equiaxed grains with very similar density. The beneficial effects of the two-step sintering process were more evident in the solid state sintering. In this case sintered density higher than 98% was achieved with T<2000 °C.

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24

Ihrig, Martin, Ruijie Ye, Alexander M. Laptev, Martin Finsterbusch, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, and Olivier Guillon. "Polymer-Garnet-Based Composite Cathodes for Solid-State Li Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012166mtgabs.

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All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) can potentially outperform conventional Li-ion batteries with liquid or polymer electrolyte. One example for solid electrolytes is the garnet-type oxide Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO). LLZO has a wide electrochemical window, stability vs. lithium, and good ionic conductivity at room temperature. The cathode in ASSLBs is manufactured from a cathode active material (CAM), such as LiCoO2 (LCO). The efficiency of Li-ion storage can be improved by the use of a composite cathode consisting from a CAM and an ion-conducting ceramic, e.g. LCO/LLZO. In such a composite cathode, LLZO delivers Li-ions through the whole bulk enhancing the volumetric loading of LCO. In this work the addition of polymer electrolyte into LCO/LLZO composite cathode was proposed, aiming at further increase of cell performance due to facilitation of CAM usage, similar to the approach of manufacturing of polymer-ceramic electrolytes. They are fabricated mostly by tape casting of slurry with polymer matrix, ceramic filler and a solvent. An alternative technology includes free sintering of tape-casted LCO/LLZO porous network and subsequent infiltration by liquid or polymer electrolyte. Free sintering of LCO/LLZO composite requires relatively high temperature and/or long sintering time. This results in loss of volatile Li with decrease in electrochemical performance. In the present work the LCO/LLZO composite cathode was manufactured in a powder-based process by Field-Assisted Sintering Technique also known as Spark Plasma Sintering (FAST/SPS). Fast heating (100°C/min and higher) and application of mechanical pressure during FAST/SPS enable reduction of sintering temperature and processing time needed for fabrication of nearly-fully-dense composite.[1] Thereby, Li evaporation and grain growth can be significantly reduced. This technology was used in our previous work for fabrication of half-cells with dense LLZO electrolyte and dense LCO/LLZO composite cathode. However, the appearance of side phase after sintering at low pressure and a residual porosity was observed. The reason for that was partial reduction of oxides by carbon originated from graphite foil in FAST/SPS setup. In the presented work, the graphite foil was replaced by carbon-free mica foil. This measure enabled FAST/SPS sintering of porous LCO/LLZO network without side phase formation. The obtained porous skeleton was infiltrated with polymer electrolyte to fabricate a polymer-ceramic composite cathode. The cathode was assembled with an anodic half-cell consisting of dense FAST/SPS-sintered LLZO electrolyte and attached indium (In) foil used as anode. The ASSLB with polymer-ceramic composite cathode showed significantly lower interfacial impedance and remarkably higher area-specific storage capacity as compared to the similar ASSLBs with pure ceramic (porous or dense) composite cathodes. Thus, the functionality and the advanced storage capacity of the proposed polymer-ceramic cathode and related ASSLB architecture were demonstrated.[2] References: [1] M. Ihrig, M. Finsterbusch, C.-L. Tsai, A.M. Laptev, C.-h. Tu, M. Bram, Y.J. Sohn, R. Ye, S. Sevinc, S.-k. Lin, D. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, O. Guillon, Journal of Power Sources, 482 (2021) 228905. [2] M. Ihrig, R. Ye, A.M. Laptev, D. Grüner, R. Guerdelli, W.S. Scheld, M. Finsterbusch, H.-D. Wiemhöfer, D. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, O. Guillon, ACS Applied Energy Materials, 4 (2021) 10428-10432. Figure 1

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25

Mureddu, Marzia, José F. Bartolomé, Sonia Lopez-Esteban, Maria Dore, Stefano Enzo, Álvaro García, Sebastiano Garroni, and Lorena Pardo. "Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030945.

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Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to prior activation and homogenization by attrition milling of the starting high purity raw materials for 6 h before the synthesis and of the calcined powders for 3 h before the sintering. The comparison of the thermal analysis of the mixture of the starting raw materials and the same mixture after 6 h attrition milling allowed to evidence the mechanisms of activation, resulting in a significant decrease of the perovskite formation temperature (from 854 °C down to 582 °C). The secondary phases that limit the functional properties of the ceramic and their evolution with the sintering conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed the design of a two-step sintering method to eliminate them. A pure tetragonal BCZT perovskite phase (P4mm, c/a = 1.004) and homogeneous ceramic microstructure was obtained for synthesis at 700 °C for 2 h and sintering with the use of a two-step sintering treatment (900 °C for 3 h and 1280 °C for 6 h). The best electromechanical properties achieved were d33 = 455 pC/N, kp = 35%, Qm = 155.

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26

Hong, Min, Qi Dong, Hua Xie, Bryson Callie Clifford, Ji Qian, Xizheng Wang, Jian Luo, and Liangbing Hu. "Ultrafast Sintering of Solid-State Electrolytes with Volatile Fillers." ACS Energy Letters 6, no. 11 (September 30, 2021): 3753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01554.

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27

Kim, In-Ki, Kyung-Wook Jang, and Han-Jun Oh. "Solid state reactive sintering of cold pressed thermoelectric Mg3Sb2." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 24, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2014.24.4.176.

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28

Carvajal, Joan J. "Yb:YAG Ceramic Laser Produced by Solid-State Reactive Sintering." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 12 (December 2007): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.203.

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29

SUMITA, Shigekazu. "Diffusion Mechanisms of Aluminum Oxide during Solid State Sintering." Journal of Society of Materials Engineering for Resources of Japan 6, no. 2 (1993): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5188/jsmerj.6.2_77.

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30

Parthasarathy, N. M. "Solid State Sintering of MIG Break Pads-Equipment Design." Key Engineering Materials 29-31 (January 1991): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.29-31.95.

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31

Zheng, Jingmin, and James S. Reed. "Effects of Particle Packing Characteristics on Solid-State Sintering." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, no. 5 (May 1989): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06222.x.

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32

Lee, Sang-Ho, Sujarinee Kochawattana, Gary L. Messing, John Q. Dumm, Gregory Quarles, and Vida Castillo. "Solid-State Reactive Sintering of Transparent Polycrystalline Nd:YAG Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, no. 6 (June 2006): 1945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01051.x.

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33

Lu, P., R. M. German, and X. Xu. "Microstructural evolution and macroscopic behaviour during solid state sintering." Powder Metallurgy 44, no. 4 (October 2001): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pom.2001.44.4.363.

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34

Kraft, Torsten, and Hermann Riedel. "Numerical simulation of solid state sintering; model and application." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24, no. 2 (January 2004): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(03)00222-x.

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35

Monteiro, S. N., and C. M. F. Vieira. "Solid state sintering of red ceramics at lower temperatures." Ceramics International 30, no. 3 (January 2004): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(03)00120-2.

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36

Nikodemski, Stefan, Jianhua Tong, and Ryan O'Hayre. "Solid-state reactive sintering mechanism for proton conducting ceramics." Solid State Ionics 253 (December 2013): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.09.025.

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37

Johnson, John L., and Randall M. German. "Theoretical modeling of densification during activated solid-state sintering." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 27, no. 2 (February 1996): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02648421.

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38

Exner, H. E. "Neck shape and limiting ratios in solid state sintering." Acta Metallurgica 35, no. 3 (March 1987): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(87)90182-9.

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39

Kwon, Y. S., J. S. Kim, J. S. Moon, A. P. Savitskii, and H. Danninger. "Volume changes of binary mixtures during solid state sintering." Powder Metallurgy 45, no. 3 (October 2002): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003258902225007014.

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40

Johnson, John L., and Randall M. German. "Solid-state contributions to densification during liquid-phase sintering." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 27, no. 6 (December 1996): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-996-0003-1.

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41

Sunde, Tor Olav Løveng, Mari-Ann Einarsrud, and Tor Grande. "Solid state sintering of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 33, no. 3 (March 2013): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.09.023.

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El-Sayed, Ahmed Mohamed, Fathy Mohamed Ismail, and Saad Mabrouk Yakout. "Synthesis and Structural Investigations of Ag-Added Ba-CuO Mixed Oxide for Gas Sensing." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/592075.

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Compositions having the general formula BaTiO3- wt% Ag, where , and 2 have been prepared by solid state ceramic processing and sintered at 500 and for 5 h. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectra (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the obtained sensor pellets. It was found that no solid state reaction took place between BaTiO3and CuO during sintering process. The sensitivity of the prepared sensors to CO2gas increases with increasing sintering temperature and Ag content. The correlation between Ag content at different sintering temperature and structure characterization is discussed.

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Cumbunga, Judice, Said Abboudi, and Dominique Chamoret. "Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution during Solid-State Sintering: Multiphysics Approach." Key Engineering Materials 969 (December 12, 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-idpi6f.

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A multiphysics numerical approach based on a coupling of heat conduction equation, mechanical field (effect of gravity), and phase-field equations is proposed as an alternative to predict the microstructure evolution of 316L stainless steel during the pressureless solid-state sintering process. In this context, a numerical model based on the finite element method has shown to be suitable for evaluating the impact of the thermal field, as the activation force of the sintering process, on the microstructure field evolution and, in turn, the impact of the evolution of phase field variables on the material properties. The model was validated by comparison with literature results and applied to simulate the microstructure evolution for different sintering temperatures and particle sizes to evaluate the influence of these parameters on microstructure evolution. The results proved that model can be used to analyze the microstructure evolution, both from a quantitative and quality point of view, which makes it suitable for evaluating the impact of sintering parameters on material properties.

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Ou, Hui Bin, Mohamed Sahli, Thierry Barrière, and Jean Claude Gelin. "Modeling, Identification and Simulation of the Sintering Stage for Micro-Bi-Material Components." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.726.

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This paper investigates the numerical simulation of the sintering stage by solid state diffusion during the metal injection molding process for micro-bi-material component based on a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model. The physical parameters concerning very fine 316L stainless steel and copper powders with high volume loading contents involved in the sintering model have been identified in order to set up finite element simulations. The experimental tests have been carried out in a vertical dilatometer and the identification of the material parameters have been carried out with Matlab® platform software. Then in order to predict the shrinkage and relative density after densification, a solid state diffusion model for the sintering has been implemented in finite element software to perform the simulation of the sintering stage.

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Zhang, Cheng, Na Zhang, Dan Yu Jiang, and Ling Cong Fan. "Charactering and Sintering of BaZrO₃ Doped with TiO₂." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.312.

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The high sintering temperatures required for solid-state derived powders is a significant obstacle inhibiting more widespread use of single pure phase BaZrO3with high density. The aim of this research was to reduce the sintering temperature whilst maintaining pure single phase BaZrO3. By using of sintering aid, such as TiO2additive, the pure perovskite BaZrO3powder have been fabricated with the solid state chemistry at 1250°C. Low levels of TiO2(3%) produced the pure BaZrO3particles with the smallest size, and the corresponding sintered ceramic has the density of 95% theoretical using sintering temperature as low as 1550°C. The microstructure of the particular ceramic with full density confirmed that the particle grain in ceramic block have shaped with the less pore and connected thickly.

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Zhou, Shu Zhu, Ye Xia Qin, Chun Lei Wan, Kai Qi Liu, Long Hao Qi, and Wei Pan. "Degassing Behavior and Solid State Reaction of Nano-Ti(CN) Base Cermets in Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1104.

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The chemical composition and solid state reaction of the nano-Ti(CN) base cermets in different sintering temperature were studied. The total carbon and oxygen content in compact were declined gradually with the increasing of sintering temperature, the nitrogen content in compact began to decline above 1100°C, the peak of de-gassing of N2 was formed before the emergence of liquid phase, the decomposition of N2 was arisen acutely above 1500°C. Mo2C and TaC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 900°C, the solid state reaction was finished below 1200°C. WC diffused and took part in solid state reaction with Ti(CN) above 1100°C, it was dissolved below 1250°C, there were only two phases, Ti(CN) and Ni(Ni+Co), in the alloy.

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Yang, Hao, Jian Zhang, Dewei Luo, Hui Lin, Deyuan Shen, and Dingyuan Tang. "Novel transparent ceramics for solid-state lasers." High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2013): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2013.18.

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AbstractRecent progress on rare-earth doped polycrystalline YAG transparent ceramics has made them an alternative novel solid-state laser gain material. In this paper we present results of our research on polycrystalline RE:YAG transparent ceramics. High optical quality YAG ceramics doped with various rare-earth (RE) ions such as ${\rm Nd}^{3+}$, ${\rm Yb}^{3+}$, ${\rm Er}^{3+}$, ${\rm Tm}^{3+}$, and ${\rm Ho}^{3+}$ have been successfully fabricated using the solid-state reactive sintering method. Highly efficient laser oscillations of the fabricated ceramics are demonstrated.

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Lan, Yi-Chen, and Enrique Daniel Gomez. "Cold Sintering–a New Approach to Reprocess Composite Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02185mtgabs.

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As all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) start to dominate the electronic market, studies regarding to recycling spent batteries remain limited and uncomprehensive. The primary factor causing the failure of batteries is the loss of structural integrity in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with limited degradation in the active properties. A promising reprocessing strategy is to repair the fragmented structure. Herein, solid-state composite electrolytes, Li7La3Zr2O12 with polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and lithium perchlorate (LLZO–PPC–LiClO4), are reprocessed by cold sintering process. The low sintering temperature allows co-sintering ceramics with polymers and salts, thereby enabling densifying composite structures. Reprocessed LLZO–PPC–LiClO4 show densified microstructures with ionic conductivities above 10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature and good long-term stability at 0.1 mA h cm−2 over 2000 hours. The cold sintered full-cell, Li4Ti5O12/ reprocessed LLZO–PPC–LiClO4/LiFePO4, exhibits impressive electrochemical performance.

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Zuraidawani, Che Daud, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin, and Md Fazlul Bari. "Characterization of Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) Alloy Produced by Solid State Sintering." Advanced Materials Research 173 (December 2010): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.173.106.

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This research was carried out to fabricate and characterize Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) alloy. The samples have been prepared via solid state sintering. The lab work comprises the mixing of F-75 alloy powder with 2 wt. % of binder. The mixture was cold compacted using uniaxially press at 500 MPa. The samples were sintered at three different temperatures (1250 °C, 1300 °C and 1350 °C) in inert environment for 90 minutes of sintering time. The sintered samples were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and optical microscope (OM) Olympus BX41M. Bulk density, apparent porosity, percentage of linear shrinkage, and microhardness of the samples were also characterized. The average of the grain sizes were measured by line intercepts method. The optical micrographs showed the difference grain size in all sintered samples after etching with Marble reagent. The result shows the percentage of linear shrinkage, bulk density value and porosity increase with increasing the sintering temperature. Beside that, higher sintering temperature yields coarser grain structure.

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Upadhyaya, Gopal S. "Sintering Fundamentals: Historical Aspects." Materials Science Forum 835 (January 2016): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.835.1.

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Sintering as a technology has been followed from ancient times. However, as science it emerged in 1940s with the seminal work of Frenkel, Huettig, Kuczynski, Lenel, Kingery and Hausner. The present paper covers the historical aspects of sintering fundamentals , right from solid state sintering to liquid phase sintering, activated sintering, electronic theory of sintering, sintering with external pressure, constrain sintering etc. Various mechanisms of sintering with their microstructural relationships have been highlighted. A generalized approach to sintering is called for, which may to great extent bridge the gap between sintering theory and practice.

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