Dissertations / Theses: 'Solid waste management system'

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Khromyak, Ulyana. "Solid domestic waste management system in Ukraine." Thesis, ХІІІ Міжнародна науково-практична конференція молодих вчених, курсантів та студентів «Проблеми та перспективи розвитку системи безпеки життєдіяльності», 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5041.

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Pires, Ana Lúcia Lourenço. "Municipal solid waste management system: decision support through systems analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7509.

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Thesis submitted to the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering The present study intends to show the development of systems analysis model applied to solid waste management system, applied into AMARSUL, a solid waste management system responsible for the management of municipal solid waste produced in Setúbal peninsula, Portugal. The model developed intended to promote sustainable decision making, covering the four columns: technical, environmental, economic and social aspects. To develop the model an intensive literature review have been conducted. To simplify the discussion, the spectrum of these systems engineering models and system assessment tools was divided into two broadly-based domains associated with fourteen categories although some of them may be intertwined with each other. The first domain comprises systems engineering models including cost-benefit analysis, forecasting analysis, simulation analysis, optimization analysis, and integrated modeling system whereas the second domain introduces system assessment tools including management information systems, scenario development, material flow analysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, socio-economic assessment, and sustainable assessment. The literature performed have indicated that sustainable assessment models have been one of the most applied into solid waste management, being methods like LCA and optimization modeling (including multicriteria decision making(MCDM)) also important systems analysis methods. These were the methods (LCA and MCDM) applied to compose the system analysis model for solid waste. The life cycle assessment have been conducted based on ISO 14040 family of norms; for multicriteria decision making there is no procedure neither guidelines, being applied analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based Fuzzy Interval technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Multicriteria decision making have included several data from life cycle assessment to construct environmental, social and technical attributes, plus economic criteria obtained from collected data from stakeholders involved in the study. The results have shown that solutions including anaerobic digestion in mechanical biological treatment plant plus anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal waste from source separation, with energetic recovery of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and promoting pays-as-you-throw instrument to promote recycling targets compliance would be the best solutions to implement in AMARSUL system. The direct burning of high calorific fraction instead of RDF has not been advantageous considering all criteria, however, during LCA, the results were the reversal. Also it refers that aerobic mechanical biological treatment should be closed. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/27402/2006

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Rousta, Kamran. "Municipality Solid Waste Management An evaluation on the Borås System." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19040.

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Municipality Solid Waste Management systems (MSWM) are large technical systems which involve many factors such as environments, technologies, people, businesses, politics, education, research, and also the sustainability aspects of the waste management systems. When these factors are amalgamated into a large system, MSWM turns to a very complicated phenomenon. These factors play different roles in MSWM, based on the type of the system. For instance, the type of MSWM utilized in Borås (A city in Sweden), requires people to contribute to the separation of waste materials at the source; i.e., where people live. This, in turn, leaves an important responsibility for people to take. The more responsible participation from the people, the better the system works. Although the system is equipped by the necessary technology to take of waste but its efficiency is properly relies on how people separate their wastes. However, people are not currently well educated to know what their genuine responsibilities are. As a result, it is argued that through public education, the main objectives of MSWM can be greatly enhanced in this city. Uppsatsnivå: D

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Raglin, Kala N. "A model for sustainable solid waste management through an analysis of Chicago, Illinois solid waste management systems." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16238.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning Sheri Smith America’s landfill space is quickly depleting as the population continues to experience rapid growth; as the population grows the amount of daily waste generated increases at an alarming as well. In fact, by the year 2024, America would have exhausted all land areas dedicated to landfills. Currently, nationwide mandated regulations or standards to decrease the amount generated solid waste, construction waste, composting waste, or reducing waste at the source; do not exists. The following report researches effective practices that would make a waste management system sustainable. In order to rate the sustainability of the management system, a score sheet was created drawing from literature written. By creating a score sheet, individual waste management systems are able to determine if they are indeed sustainable and/or in need of improvement. The City of Chicago, Illinois, was chosen as the city to be measured and has proven to have a promising future as a prototype in effective sustainable waste management practices.

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Ayanoglu, Cemal Can. "A Location Routing Problem For The Municipal Solid Waste Management System." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608230/index.pdf.

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This study deals with a municipal solid waste management system in which the strategic and tactical decisions are addressed simultaneously. In the system, the number and locations of the transfer facilities which serve to the particular solid waste pick-up points and the landfill are determined. Additionally, routing plans are constructed for the vehicles which collect the solid waste from the pick-up points by regarding the load capacity of the vehicles and shift time restrictions. We formulate this reverse logistics system as a location-routing problem with two facility layers. Mathematical models of the problem are presented, and an iterative capacitated-k-medoids clustering-based heuristic method is proposed for the solution of the problem. Also, a sequential clustering-based heuristic method is presented as a benchmark to the iterative method. Computational studies are performed for both methods on the problem instances including up to 1000 pick-up points, 5 alternative transfer facility sites, and 25 vehicles. The results obtained show that the iterative clustering-based method developed achieves considerable improvement over the sequential clustering-based method.

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Sampson, G. "Modelling of integrated waste management systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341082.

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Quiroga, Ekman Maria Eugenia. "Waste Management System Assessment in the North of Argentina." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219315.

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During the last decades, solid waste management has been going through a lot of changes regarding, regulation and applications of models and systems. New practices to solve environmental problems have been approached in different scenarios, situations and in different countries. Today the problem of waste management requires the application of broader approach including new methodologies, systems, practices and models to continue the development toward sustainable systems. The objective of this thesis to assess the waste management situation in the Provinces of Jujuy (Municipality of San Salvador de Jujuy) and Salta (Municipality of Salta Capital) located in the north of Argentina and to provide technical recommendations to implement or improve their waste management system. To carry out the technical and environmental assessment of the waste situation in the municipalities in Jujuy and Salta, the Integrated Waste Management (IWM) approach from UN-HABITAT and UNEP, Global Waste Management Outlook is applied; as well as the chronological and practical methodology WHAT (Waste Holistic Assessment Tool) from the Municipal Association in Sweden “Gästrike Återvinnare” based on ten (15) aspects that, according to praxis in Sweden, are considered relevant in order to assess the waste management system in a municipality. The Province of Jujuy and Salta are facing environmental problems as contamination of soil and groundwater, landfills producing greenhouse gas emissions and social problems of people living at the landfill that need to be addressed. The result of this thesis shows that in the province of Jujuy the waste management situation need to be prioritized. At the capital of Jujuy, there are produced 400 tonnes of household waste per day. The level of knowledge of the system perspective is very low and they need the creation of goals, objectives and policies for the implementation of a sustainable system. It is also necessary the assessment of the type and quality of the waste produced, to have a picture of the situation based on facts. The collection and transport need improvements on infrastructure and regarding the workers at the landfill. There is a lack of sorting system or sorting stations. Sorting of waste and recycling is only based on the activity of the informal workers living at the landfill. The construction of a sorting plant at Chanchillos is positive but the lack of separation system limit the usefulness of the equipment. Regarding the financing aspects, there is a system in place for charging the customers for services provided regarding collection of waste, but there is a problem with financing, to cover not only the costs for the daily services but to secure financing for needed investments in infrastructure, treatment facilities etc. In conclusion, the most important aspects with high priority In Jujuy to start with the implementation of an integrated waste management system in Jujuy are: system goals, source and quality of waste, waste sorting, waste treatment, cooperation, planning, financing, knowledge, socio economic aspects and environmental aspects. The results with lower priority are collection and transport, law and regulations, public awareness and business opportunities. On the other hand, the legislative framework shows that the legislation is in place concerning the issues of waste and environmental protection as well the legislative framework at national and provincial level. However, it is necessary to develop a specific legislation, regarding waste management practices, considering, waste hierarchy as well as the development guidelines regarding extended producer responsibility (EPR). In relation to the technical aspects of the landfill, the results show that there is a potential to implement two different solutions for waste treatment a) The capturing of the landfill gas to reduce gas emissions from the landfill. b) Possibility to build up a biogas plant with electricity generation or biodiesel production taking advantage of the raw material of the place as manure. The results in the Province of Salta shows the implementation of an integrated system is in place but it is necessary the improvement of the system. At the capital of the Province of Salta, there are produced 600 tonnes waste a day, that is deposited in a controlled landfill with biogas extraction and only a small percentage of the waste is sent for recycling. Regarding the waste collection and separation there are similarities with the problems of infrastructure described in the Province of Jujuy, such as the lack of trash cans, that makes the collection difficult and the lack of a separation system is a common deficit. The municipality does not have an update data of the quality and quantity of waste since 2003. In relation to public awareness there is a cooperative in cooperation with a private company that oversees the waste sorting. This program is a good initiative but it only covers 2000 blocks of the city and 14 000 households representing only the 10% of the total area. Regarding the financing there is a problem with financing, to cover not only the costs for the daily services but to secure financing for needed investments in infrastructure, treatment facilities, etc. The waste is transported to the landfill, which is using the cell method and is well constructed, considering important aspects as the size of the cells, quantity and variation of rainfall, the absorptive capacity of the waste as well as the control of the capacity of the cells for high degree compaction. However, the controlled landfill has technical problems during the extraction of biogas with leachates and oxygen that ingress into the holes where methane gas is extracted. In conclusion, the aspects with high priority in Salta are: classification of source and type of waste, cooperation, planning, financing, business opportunities and socio-economic aspects. The aspects with low priority are: system goals, collection and transport, waste treatment, law and regulations, public awareness, knowledge, environmental aspects. This shows that the government strategy is working positively regarding instruments and legislation. However, the control and financial system need improvement to afford the costs of the waste management system. The controlled landfill has technical problems during the extraction of biogas with leachates and oxygen that enter the holes where methane gas is extracted. There is also a potential to a) upgrade the biogas to biofuel or b) for generation of energy which is highly demanded in the Province. The conclusions of the assessment show that today the problem of waste management requires a broader approach and new methodologies to understand the situation of the decision makers in the area of waste management. Where not only the physical or technical aspects on a waste management system are considered but also broader and deeply oriented aspects that include other factors that describe the cause of the problems. The methodology applied in this thesis called WHAT (Waste Holistic Assessment Tool) can be used as a practical assessment tool in the future, for the analysis of the conditions for the establishment and development of integrated waste management system in a municipality. After the application of the WHAT methodology in this thesis it can be noticed that there is a potential of future improvements of the methodology as a) the inclusion of the Swedish knowledge and knowhow in the area. b) potential to development of a software to provide a quick assessment in a municipality. c) the inclusion of a database for the implementation of waste management. d) potential to include a financial tool with cost and benefits of the investments. According to the concept of sustainable waste management, the system needs to ensure health and safety aspects but in addition it must also be environmentally, effective, economically affordable and socially acceptable.

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Choi, Fei. "System dynamics study and assessment on municipal solid waste management for Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586273.

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Perez-Sanchez, Daniel. "Solid waste management systems in small and medium sized enterprises : procedures for the effective management of packaging waste using an expert system." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405797.

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Heidrich, Oliver. "Exploratory study of sustainable industrial solid waste management systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427321.

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Luniya, Suneet. "Automation of prototype solid waste management system for long term NASA space missions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011364.

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Chi, Guifeng. "Integrated planning of a solid waste management system in the city of Regina." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0020/MQ30456.pdf.

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Boonchit, Chaiya. "Planning of an integrated solid waste management system in the Chachoensao Province, Thailand." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0007/MQ58418.pdf.

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Shaikh, Moiz Ahmed. "Using GIS in Solid Waste Management Planning : A case study for Aurangabad, India." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6470.

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Waste management is a global environmental issue which concerns about a very significant problem in today’s world. There is a considerable amount of disposal of waste without proper segregation which has lead to both economic and environment sufferings. It is still practiced in many cities. There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial stages where it is generated, rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive. There has to be appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysis of the waste situation of the area.This paper would deal with, how Geographical Information System can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. The suggestions for amendments in the system through GIS based model would reduce the waste management workload to some extent and exhibit remedies for some of the SWM problems in the case study area. The waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bin to the users, proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions. The model will be implemented on the Aurangabad city’s case study area data for the analysis and the results will suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent.

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Trisyanti, Dini. "Solid waste management of Jakarta : Indonesia an environmental systems perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32576.

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Solid waste management has been one of the critical issues in Jakarta, Indonesia.With enormous amounts of generated waste per day and limited supportinginfrastructure, the city has faced serious threat of environmental deterioration andhealth hazard. It relies on one sanitary landfill only, whose capacity is currently beingexceeded, leading to excessive amounts of solid wastes left untreated in the city. An assessment with a system perspective was carried out, aiming to examine thecomplexity with regard to substance flows, environmental impacts, and energyturnover associated to solid waste management. Different scenarios were constructedand compared using the ORWARE model as the simulation tool. The modelcomprises a number of processes starting from the generation point, all the waythrough means of collection and transportation, treatments e.g. incineration andbiological processes, before final disposal in the sanitary landfill. In this thesis work,an open dumping submodel for the untreated waste was developed to illustrate thegreat impact of this practice. Furthermore, the model comprises materials recycling ofcertain products, which in Jakarta normally are collected in an informal system,involving thousands of scavengers, collectors, and waste suppliers. Externally relatedsystems, e.g. power generation and fertilizer production were also included in theanalysis, to implement a life cycle analysis concept in the delivery of certainfunctional units. The study focused on four different solid waste management scenarios. The first onewas the current situation, while the other three investigated the future state wherebyincreased amounts of generated solid waste were handled either (i) in a similarmanagement system as today, (ii) by a mixture of landfilling, incineration andbiological treatment, and (iii) phasing out all landfilling for biological treatment andincineration. The simulations showed that landfilling is the least preferable choice from anenvironmental point of view. Phasing it out by introducing incineration and biologicaltreatment would be beneficial in reducing the environmental impacts and recoveringnutrients as well as energy. Untreated waste also plays an important role for the totalimpact, and even dominates eutrophication impacts for all scenarios. Improvementscan be achieved by an effective source separation, and an increased collectionefficiency. A further analysis particularly on the economic aspects of the treatment systemsstudied, coupled with the attempt to minimize the data gap in the submodels isrecommended, aiming to acquire an improved analysis for better decision making.Another study, related to valuation of environmental and resource losses caused byuntreated waste would also be important, seeking to analyze the avoided impacts thatcould be obtained by improving future solid waste management. www.ima.kth.se

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Kolev, Aleksandar. "Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bulgaria from a Systems Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32763.

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The European Union membership of Bulgaria since January 2007 imposes higher requirements to the national waste management system and demands changes in the current waste management practices. In this context it is of great interest to study the contemporary and possible future development of the Bulgarian municipal solid waste management system. A systems analysis was carried out to provide better understanding of the Bulgarian municipal solid waste management and to analyze the possibilities for its future development in a sustainable way. Five different scenarios were constructed and compared using the ORWARE model which is a tool for environmental systems analysis that predicts ecological and economic impacts in a life-cycle perspective. The first describes the present municipal waste management system using landfilling as the only municipal solid waste treatment option. The other four describe possible future developments including business as usual and different combinations of municipal solid waste treatment options including landfilling, composting and incineration. Material recycling was included in all future scenarios. The results from the ORWARE simulations show that landfilling has the overall highest environmental impacts as compared to the other treatment methods. The introduction of composting and incineration proved to has a positive impact on the environment and provides different benefits in terms of recovered nutrients, heat and electricity production. Material recovery and recycling allows the recovery of different materials but is highly energy intensive. European and Bulgarian policies, legislation and different publications were studied to understand the factors that shape the current and future development of municipal solid waste management. Further, the application of tools incorporating life-cycle thinking, like ORWARE, was put in a broader perspective, i.e. their use in the policy and decision making process. The results from the research show that environmental policies in the European Union are changing and the focus has changed from managing specific pollutants or activities to managing resources in long term life-cycle perspective. The present concept of waste is outdated in a sustainable society and waste should be considered as a resource. In the future waste management will become a synonym to resource extraction. The present national environmental policy making does not consider global environmental consequences due to the fact that it is focused on achieving local environmental targets. The incorporation of global life-cycle perspective in the policy making process will allow the consideration of the environmental and social effects irrelevant of where they arise. Tools, like ORWARE, that incorporate life-cycle thinking are and will be used in environmental policy making. This is proved by many cases of their successful application in aiding local and national authorities to make their decisions. Even though problems may exist in terms of the required skills and knowledge, examples show that good cooperation between policy makers, scientists and other experts will be the key for their extensive and successful application. www.ima.kth.se

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Escamilla, Garcia Pablo Emilio. "Evaluation and proposed development of the municipal solid waste management system in Mexico City." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-and-proposed-development-of-the-municipal-solid-waste-management-system-in-mexico-city(3ae730a7-b8c3-4cb9-a990-f4cca372be6e).html.

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The work reported involves the evaluation of technologies and management systems applied to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The study focuses on Mexico City, which with a population of approximately 9 million inhabitants and an estimated daily generation of 13,000 tonnes of waste, is encountering extreme waste management issues. The structures and public policies designed to provide waste management services have proved inadequate in relation to high rates of population growth and intensive business activities. The significant increase in demand has led the government of Mexico City to base public services on rudimentary techniques using obsolete equipment. The research approaches the problem through the analysis of several different aspects: (1) a comprehensive literature review of waste management including technologies and legal frameworks; (2) a general overview of the main demographic, geographic and economic aspects of Mexico City; (3) an extensive analysis of historic and future waste generation profiles and composition of waste in Mexico City; (4) an evaluation of the current status of the waste management system, including programmes, plans, facilities and infrastructure; and (5) a comparative study of the waste management system of Mexico City and the systems of selected international cities. The evaluation resulted in the identification of the following significant issues: (1) limitations in legislation related to waste management and environmental laws; (2) high population growth and increasing business activity, which contribute escalating generation of MSW; (3) ineffective public policies focused on waste management; (4) significant gaps in low levels of recycling activities; (5) obsolescence of equipment, infrastructure and facilities; (6) lack of diversification in treatment methods for MSW; and (7) failure to exploit market opportunities in the waste management sector. In addition to the evaluation of the system in Mexico City, the analysis of waste management systems in selected international cities allowed the author to identify key factors in order to develop integrated proposals. The analysis highlighted significant aspects including: legal frameworks, the participation of the private sector, waste hierarchy, and guiding principles for plans and programmes. The information enabled the design of a proposed development plan of a comprehensive waste management system in Mexico City through two main proposals. Firstly, an integrated programme for waste management in Mexico City was developed to provide feasible long-term strategies in the field of waste management. The specific objectives, goals, actions, responsibilities and time scales were defined in order to provide concrete activities under specific fields of operation. Secondly, a project to obtain funding for technology transfer structured according to technical, market and economic studies, was elaborated. The guide is aimed to exemplify an investment project through the analysis of a feasibility study related to generation of energy from biogas in a controlled landfill in Mexico City. The process may be adapted to the acquisition of technology in different sectors of the waste management process.

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Cheng, Steven KwokYam. "Development of a fuzzy multi-criteria decision support system for municipal solid waste management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60219.pdf.

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Huen, Clay. "Would adopting the ISO 14000 make Hong Kong's solid waste management system more sustainable?" Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945528.

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Gavrilita, Pavel. "Environmental Systems Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chisinau, Moldova." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32696.

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The increasing scale of economic activity, i.e. industrialization, urbanization, rising standards ofliving and population growth, has led to a sharp increase in the quantity of waste generated. The environment has a limited capacity for waste assimilation. If too much waste enters the environment rather than being recycled or reused, the assimilative capacity of the environment isput under too much stress to be able to handle the total quantity of waste generated. Nowadays,due to improper treatment, waste management is something that affects people. In the Republicof Moldova handling of all types of waste such as municipal, hazardous, industrial etc. relies onlandfilling only. This thesis is a basis for decision-making for local authorities and is about environmental systems analysis and computer modelling of municipal solid waste management in Chisinau. The ORWARE model was used for systems analysis, aiming to examine the environmental impacts that could be expected from different future alternatives (scenarios) for future municipal solid waste management. By having a strong foundation in life cycle assessment, ORWARE intends to cover the environmental impacts through the entire life cycle of waste management.The model consists of several submodels starting from the generation point; collection,transportation, biological treatment, incineration and final disposal. Moreover, the model comprises material recycling of plastics and cardboard. Different solid waste management scenarios were constructed, simulated and compared with each other. The first scenario was the current waste management in Chisinau that contains only landfilling. Three other scenarios for future waste management in (2020) were constructed and simulated. They took into consideration that a certain amount of materials will be recycled in 2020; consequently the same amount of materials was assumed to be recycled in all future scenarios. The business as usual scenario had as a basis landfilling with greater amount of waste as in the year 2005. The incineration scenario had a mixture of landfilling and incineration with energy recovery. The last scenario, the biological treatment scenario, differed from theincineration scenario in that 25% of the organic waste was treated by anaerobic digestion with biogas production and fertilizer for spreading on arable land. The simulation results show that the incineration and anaerobic digestion scenarios have great environmental advantages over the landfill scenario. Even though only one forth of the organic waste is treated biologically, the last scenario is the most environmentally friendly treatment option. If more organic waste will be separated and treated biologically, the impact will be furtherreduced. Economical aspects were not included in this study, due to limited time but a further analysis of the costs is necessary for a proper decision making. www.ima.kth.se

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Sae-lim, Napussakorn. "Long-term planning of a solid waste management system under uncertainty, an inexact optimization approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ45341.pdf.

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González, Acosta Andrés. "Towards an inclusive municipal solid waste management system: A case study from Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324140.

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The city of Xalapa, like many Mexican cities, does not count with any sort of official recycling program. Resource recovery relies on the work performed by the informal recycling sector and often, such work is neglected by the local government. In line with this, the aim of this study is to evaluate if a participatory resource management is a more suitable option than the current approach; so that the informal recycling sector can be included into the formal waste management system. In order to do so, this study employed a case study method using qualitative data; during the month of field work in Xalapa, semi- structured interviews and observation were the techniques used for collecting data. Concepts such as informal economy, participatory resource management, network theory and waste management were employed to analyze the organization and operation of the formal and informal waste management systems. Drawn from the results and analysis, it was presented that the informal recycling sector in Xalapa is composed of 5 different types of actors. Some of these actors are organized, while others work independently. The study revealed that their income is related to their capability of accessing to infrastructure and resources. This access to infrastructure and resources takes the form of a secondary materials trade hierarchy where the income of an actor depends on their ability to add value to their recovered materials. Additionally, organized actors tend to be less prone to manipulation and exploitation. Furthermore, it was deemed relevant to look at the current policies and regulations as well as to the action plans proposed by the local government for alleviating the solid waste crisis in Xalapa. It was identified that to consider a participatory resource management approach, several barriers need to be overcome; these barriers lie within the governance and social spectrum. However, despite the identified barriers, the current waste management system has opportunities for creating a more inclusive and socially just municipal solid waste management system.

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Weng, Yu-Chi. "Estimation and Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System by Using Economic-Environmental Models in Taiwan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77988.

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Kyoto University (京都大学) 0048 新制・課程博士 博士(工学) 甲第14561号 工博第3029号 新制||工||1451(附属図書館) 26913 UT51-2009-D273 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 (主査)教授松岡譲, 教授酒井伸一, 准教授倉田学児 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Joelsson, Yuri, and Rebecca Lord. "Urban Solid Waste Management in Mumbai Current challenges and future solutions for Urban Development : Minor Field Study." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189137.

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This study was conducted as a bachelor thesis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in the spring of 2016. The study was carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) funded by the Swedish public authority Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of the elements of the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system in the city of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, India. The main current challenges were identified and discussed with focus on social and political aspects such as waste management planning, strategies and legislations. The data for this research were gathered from literature studies and in-depth interviews with officer level stakeholders responsible for MSWM in Mumbai. The results show that the MSWM in Mumbai is facing many challenges and that there is a lack of coordination and a system approach on all levels. Further, a deeply rooted negative attitude towards the field of MSW could be observed. The main problems were shown to be related to politics and lack of awareness. The overall conclusion is that it is not enough that a small fraction of the society, with partially contradictory interests, is taking initiatives to improve the MSWM in Mumbai. In order to achieve a sustainable long-term solution, coordination and a more holistic system approach is necessary.

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Zeng, Yinghui. "Internet-based fuzzy logic and statistics models for integrated solid waste management planning /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164557.

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Eriksson, Ola. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Swedish Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Systems Perspective." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3544.

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Waste management is something that affects most people. Thewaste amounts are still increasing, but the waste treatment ischanging towards recycling and integrated solutions. In Swedenproducersresponsibility for different products, a taxand bans on deposition of waste at landfills implicates areorganisation of the municipal solid waste management. Plansare made for new incineration plants, which leads to that wastecombustion comes to play a role in the reorganisation of theSwedish energy system as well. The energy system is supposed toadapt to governmental decisions on decommission of nuclearplants and decreased use of fossil fuels.Waste from private households consists of hazardous waste,scrap waste, waste electronics and wastes that to a largeextent are generated in the kitchen. The latter type has beenstudied in this thesis, except for newsprint, glass- and metalpackages that by source separation havent ended up in thewaste bin. Besides the remaining amount of the above mentionedfractions, the waste consists of food waste, paper, cardboard-and plastic packages and inert material. About 80-90 % of thismixed household waste is combustible, and the major part ofthat is also possible to recycle.Several systems analyses of municipalsolid waste managementhave been performed. Deposition at landfill has been comparedto energy recovery, recycling of material (plastic andcardboard) and recycling of nutrients (in food waste).Environmental impact, fuel consumption and costs are calculatedfor the entire lifecycle from the households, until the wasteis treated and the by-products have been taken care of.To stop deposition at landfills is the most importantmeasure to take as to decrease the environmental impact fromlandfills, and instead use the waste as a resource, therebysubstituting production from virgin resources (avoidingresource extraction and emissions). The best alternative tolandfilling is incineration, but also material recycling andbiological treatment are possible.Recycling of plastic has slightly less environmental impactand energy consumption than incineration. The difference issmall due to that plastic is such a small part of the totalwaste amount, and that just a small part of the collectedamount is recycled. Cardboard recycling is comparable toincineration; there are both advantages and disadvantages.Source separation of food waste may lead to higher transportemissions due to intensified collection, but severalenvironmental advantages are observed if the waste is digestedand the produced biogas substitutes diesel in busses.Composting has no environmental advantages compared toincineration, mainly due to lack of energy recovery. Therecycling options are more expensive than incineration. Theincreased cost must be seen in relation to the environmentalbenefits and decreased energy use. If the work with sourceseparation made by the households is included in the analysis,the welfare costs for source separation and recycling becomesnon-profitable. It is however doubted how much time is consumedand how it should be valuated in monetary terms.In systems analyses, several impacts are not measured.Environmental impact has been studied, but not allenvironmental impact. As the parts of the system are underconstant change, the results are not true forever. Recyclingmay not be unambiguously advantageous today, but it can be inthe future.Despite the fact that systems analysis has been developedduring 10 years in Sweden, there are still many decisions takenregarding waste management without support from systemsanalysis and use of computer models. The minority of users ispleased with the results achieved, but the systems analysis isfar from easy to use. The adaptation of tools and models to thedemands from the potential users should consider thatorganisations of different sizes have shifting demands andneeds.The application areas for systems analysis and models arestrategic planning, decisions about larger investments andeducation in universities and within organisations. Systemsanalysis and models may be used in pre-planning procedures. Apotential is a more general application (Technology Assessment)in predominantly waste- and biofuel based energy processes, butalso for assessment of new technical components in a systemsperspective. The methodology and systems approach developedwithin the systems analysis has here been transformed to anassessment of environmental, economic and technical prestandaof technical systems in a broad sense.

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Ngo, Thanh Binh, and Thanh Hai Nguyen. "Design of a system for management and monitoring of vehicles transporting solid waste in open-cast coal mines." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99567.

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Today, solid waste management in coal mines is an urgent requirement for the coal mining industry. The overlying materials removed from a seam of coal are solid wastes transported to dumping sites and should be strictly, efficiently managed and monitored by an automatic system. These wastes must be separated for use as leveling and filling materials or residue materials need to be processed in order to minimize the impact on the environment. The system was designed to manage and monitor vehicles transporting solid waste in open coal mines to force them in tasks of taking solid wastes and giving out these wastes in the right places, to help collect and process suitably. The results showed that the calculation of numbers of trips using the software program named "Management of trucks" achieved the statistics of running trucks between the points of removing wastes and dumping sites, in which the numbers of valid and invalid trips were given out. The monitoring process obtained the statistics of active and inactive total time of vehicles transporting solid waste. From that we can calculate and classify them at each dumping site. In addition, the statistics of productivity of power-shovels, fuel consumption levels of excavators and trucks were also gained Hiện nay quản lý chất thải rắn tại các mỏ than là một yêu cầu cấp bách đối với ngành khai thác than. Các chất thải khi bóc vỉa được chở đến các bãi đổ cần có một hệ thống quản lý giám sát chặt chẽ. Những chất thải này phải được phân loại để làm vật liệu san lấp hoặc vật liệu cần xử lý nhằm giảm thiểu các tác động tới môi trường. Hệ thống được thiết kế có nhiệm vụ quản lý và giám sát các xe chở chất thải trong quá trình khai thác tại các mỏ lộ thiên, đảm bảo các phương tiện này được xúc và đổ đúng nơi quy định, giúp thu gom, xử lý một cách phù hợp. Kết quả cho thấy rằng việc tính toán số lượng các chuyến xe bằng cách sử dụng chương trình phần mềm có tên là "Quản lý xe tải" thu được các số liệu thống kê xe chạy giữa các điểm xúc chất thải và các điểm đổ, trong đó thống kê được số lượng các chuyến đi hợp lệ và không hợp lệ. Quá trình giám sát thu được các số liệu thống kê của tổng thời gian hoạt động và không hoạt động của các phương tiện vận chuyển chất thải rắn. Từ đó chúng tôi có thể tính toán và phân loại chúng ở mỗi điểm đổ chất thải. Ngoài ra, cũng thu được các số liệu thống kê năng suất hoạt động của máy xúc, mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu của máy xúc và xe tải

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Ravikumar, Dhivya. "Development of a decision support tool for planning municipal solid waste management systems in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115005.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-102). Waste management is a significant challenge for India. The Indian waste landscape is changing rapidly as the population grows, the composition of the waste generated evolves, the extent of waste segmentation changes and the technologies available to collect and process waste improve. Many solutions have been proposed for dealing with the mixed waste but the most appropriate solution for a particular context is difficult to quantify. Thus, decisions are often made without considering the long-term economic, environmental or social consequences. The present work focuses on helping Indian cities improve collection, transportation and treatment of waste by developing a GIS-based decision support tool that assesses the cost effectiveness and efficiency of collection strategies, treatment technologies and system configurations. The tool considers the unique elements of a city including the demographics, waste composition, scale, existing infrastructure for waste collection and treatment and potential for implementing new technologies. Understanding the prevailing waste management architecture of these cities is vital in designing systems which adapt to meet the needs of the growing population with changing aspirations and consumer behavior. There is a lack of bottom-up data on the composition and volumes of waste in India. Our data-driven decision-making approach combines baseline data collection through waste audits with a systems optimization modeling approach. By using the tool to evaluate the economic, environmental and social impact of different technology configurations at varying scales, we are able to quantify the expected performance associated with different architectures. The decision support tool can be used to find the minimum cost waste configuration that considers both environmental GHG emissions and employment, by constructing trade-off graphs between competing goals. A compromise solution that satisfies competing goals is obtained at the turning point of the trade-off graphs. We also test the feasibility of improving the segregation rate in Muzaffarnagar and the impact segregation policies have on the metrics of the waste system. From the waste audits, we see that Indian households have a high composition of organic waste and waste generation increases with income level. By implementing a weekly feedback social incentive mechanism, we see that the segregation rate of organic waste by households increases to nearly twice than those households that were given no feedback. The tool shows that as the segregation rate of the city increases, the costs and GHG emissions reduce, while the employment of the waste system increases. The level of centralization of the system reduces as the level of segregation of waste increases, that is, the system moves towards smaller scale processing plants instead of large scale centralized plants. by Dhivya Ravikumar. S.M. in Technology and Policy

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Björklund, Anna. "Environmental System Analysis of Waste Management : Experiences from Applications of the ORWARE Model." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3055.

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Waste management has gone through a history of shiftingproblems, demands, and strategies over the years. In contrastto the long prevailing view that the problem could be solved byhiding or moving it, waste is now viewed as a problem rangingfrom local to global concern, and as being an integral part ofseveral sectors in society. Decisive for this view has beensocietys increasing complexity and thus the increasingcomplexity of waste, together with a general development ofenvironmental consciousness, moving from local focus on pointemission sources, to regional and global issues of more complexnature. This thesis is about the development and application orware;a model for computer aided environmental systems analysis ofmunicipal waste management. Its origin is the hypothesis thatwidened perspectives are needed in waste managementdecision-making to avoid severe sub-optimisation ofenvironmental performance. With a strong foundation in lifecycle assessment (LCA), orware aims to cover the environmentalimpacts over the entire life cycle of waste management. It alsoperforms substance flow analysis (SFA) calculations at a ratherdetailed level of the system. Applying orware has confirmed the importance of applyingsystems perspective and of taking into account site specificdifferences in analysis and planning of waste manage-ment,rather than relying on overly simplified solutions. Somefindings can be general-ised and used as guidelines to reduceenvironmental impact of waste management. Recovery of materialand energy resources from waste generally leads to netreductions in energy use and environmental impact, because ofthe savings this brings about in other sectors. Waste treatmentwith low rate of energy and materials recovery should thereforebe avoided. The exact choice of technology however depends onwhat products can be recovered andhow they are used. Despite the complexity of the model and a certain degree ofuser unfriendliness, involved stakeholders have expressed thevalue of participating in orware case studies. It providesimproved decision-basis, but also wider understanding of thecomplexity of waste management and of environmental issues ingeneral. The thesis also contains a first suggestion of a frameworkto handle uncertainty in orware, based on a review of types ofuncertainty in LCA and tools to handle it. QC 20100413

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von, der Heyde Vanessa. "Towards a sustainable incremental waste management system in Enkanini: a transdisciplinary case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86274.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014 ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the global population grows and more countries industrialise, waste streams will grow proportionately. Current waste management practices and product manufacturing processes dictate that a large proportion of waste ends up in a landfill or incinerator. The predominant manufacturing design is a linear, one-way model that extracts resources for manufacture, which eventually end up in a landfill or incinerator, rendered useless. This is an unsustainable use of resources, not only of the ones that were extracted to manufacture the product, but also of the land used to dump waste. Along with this goes the increasingly significant issue of food waste and the issues of global hunger and food insecurity. It is estimated that globally one third of all food that is produced is wasted, equalling a total of 1.3 billion tonnes of food waste a year. Wastage of food causes a loss of potentially valuable food sources, or a potential resource for other processes, such as composting or energy generation. The poor are normally the first affected by limited or dwindling resources, and as yet, there are no significant signs of poverty alleviation. Worldwide, there is a proliferation of informal settlements, or slums, and how to deal with these settlements has formed part of international political and societal discourse for a long time. In South Africa, policies dictate that informal settlements should undergo an incremental, in situ upgrading process, where possible. Although this marks a positive development from the previous housing policy, substantial uptake on the ground has as yet not occurred. Consequently, this study attempted to combine the issues of waste management, in particular of food waste, and incremental upgrading of informal settlements through a transdisciplinary case study that focuses on upgrading the food waste management system in Enkanini, an informal settlement in Stellenbosch, South Africa. A waste characterisation study undertaken by Stellenbosch Municipality showed that food waste makes up a substantial part of the waste stream generated in Enkanini. As informal settlements often lack adequate waste collection services, the food waste poses a health risk by breeding pathogens and attracting pests. Through a transdisciplinary approach, an alternative food waste treatment method was piloted in Enkanini in partnership with Stellenbosch Municipality and Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd. The method used bokashi substrate to treat food waste with microorganisms. This was then processed further into compost through the sheet mulching method and by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The outcomes were assessed according to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of this method of waste processing and indicated a positive impact in all three of these categories. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die globale samelewing groei en al hoe meer lande industrialiseer, sal afvalproduksie ook proporsioneel toeneem. Moderne afvalbestuurpraktyke en vervaardigingsprosesse behels dat groot volumes afval in vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Vervaardiging behels hoofsaaklik ’n lineêre proses, waarin grondstowwe vir vervaardiging onttrek word en uiteindelik in sodanige vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Hierdie produkte is dan onbruikbaar. Hierdie praktyk is ’n onvolhoubare manier om hulpbronne te gebruik, nie net wat die grondstowwe vir vervaardiging betref nie, maar ook die grond wat gebruik word om die afval op te stort. Verwant aan hierdie probleem, is die kwessie van toenemende voedselvermorsing en die probleme rondom wêreldwye hongersnood en voedselonsekerheid. Daar word benader dat een derde van alle voedsel wat ter wêreld vervaardig word, vermors word. Dit kom neer op 1.3 miljard ton voedsel per jaar. Voedselvermorsing veroorsaak ’n verlies aan waardevolle, potensiële voedselbronne of potensiële hulpbronne vir ander prosesse, soos bemesting en energievervaardiging. Die armes is gewoonlik diegene wat die gouste deur beperkte of afnemende hulpbronne geraak word en, tot nog toe, is daar geen beduidende vordering in armoedeverligting nie. Wêreldwyd is daar ’n toename in informele nedersettings, of agterbuurte, en maniere om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, vorm lankal deel van die internasionale politiese en maatskaplike diskoers. In Suid-Afrika dui beleide daarop dat informele nedersettings, waar moontlik, ’n inkrementele, in situ opgraderingsproses moet ondergaan. Alhoewel hierdie plan ’n verbetering is op die vorige behuisingsbeleid, het wesenlike vordering nog nie plaasgevind nie. Gevolglik het hierdie studie gepoog om die kwessies rakende afvalbestuur, spesifiek van voedselafval, en inkrementele opgradering van informele nedersettings in ’n transdissiplinêre gevallestudie te kombineer deur te fokus op die voedselafvalbestuurstelsel in Enkanini, ’n informele nedersetting in Stellenbosch, Suid-Afrika. ’n Studie, uitgevoer deur Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, wat die inhoud van vullis ontleed het, het bevind dat voedselafval ’n beduidende deel vorm van die vullis wat in Enkanini geproduseer word. Aangesien informele nedersettings dikwels tekortskiet aan voldoende vullisverwyderingsdienste, hou voedselafval ’n bedreiging in omdat patogene daarin broei en dit peste lok. Deur middel van ’n transdissiplinêre benadering is ’n proefprojek aangepak waartydens ’n alternatiewe metode om voedselafval te behandel, getoets is. Hierdie projek is in samewerking met Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit en Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd (Edms.) Bpk. in Enkanini uitgevoer. Hierdie metode het van bokashi-substraat gebruik gemaak om deur middel van mikroörganismes die voedselafval te behandel. Dit is daarna verder deur swartsoldaatvlieglarwes (Hermetia illucens) tot kompos verwerk. Die uitkomste van die studie is geassesseer ten opsigte van die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingsvolhoubaarheid van dié afvalverwerkingsmetode. ’n Positiewe impak is in al drie hierdie kategorieë opgemerk.

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Al-Farsi, Ahmed Haboosh Mohamed. "Towards an integrated solid waste management system in Oman : a case study of private sector participation in Dhofar Governorate." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713471.

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Waste is a problem human beings will never run away from, this is because people's daily activities constantly generate solid wastes. Urbanization and increased human migration to the cities directly translate into increased solid waste generation. The literature on the role of privatisation provides evidence of the benefits of this approach as an alternative to direct government provision of services such as solid waste management in many cities in the world. In the Sultanate of Oman, local government authorities are responsible for solid waste management services. However, over the years, institutional, financial and technical weaknesses have led to inefficiencies in the waste management system (WMS) at various levels. On the other hand, water and electricity industries have undergone Privatization in the last 15 years but not the solid waste sector. In the development of this research, it was realized that private sector participation in all aspects of the region's waste processes is not currently pragmatic. This research aims to show that private sector participation in waste management services is the way forward in order to reduce current deficiencies in the waste management chain. Several research methods and overarching methodology employed in conducting the three main tasks in this research: domestic waste characterization, investigation of level of satisfaction of the public and their opinions on current SWM services and willing to pay (WtP), and interviews with stakeholders. To factor in all the elements of an integrated solid waste management system, a survey of households and stakeholders in the Dhofar Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman was conducted. This survey included site visits, review of current solid waste management systems and the region's administrative and institutional framework and an appraisal of successful Private Sector Participation (PSP) structures and practices in Oman to develop the utmost suitable and demand-relevant PSP model based on Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) principles. Components of the waste value chain, specifically, transfer, treatment, and final disposal were found to be the foremost elements where private sector participation is initially feasible. Considering overall situation of the study region, a PSP model, based on a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) structure, was proposed accentuating the following characteristics of ownership as key and critical features; contract term, agreement standards, dispute resolution, risk management, bidder selection process, exit strategy, minimum functional specifications, conflict resolution, and guaranteed waste volume. The legal implications of the proposed PSP model were also examined. Ultimately, the proposed PSP model incorporated institutional, social, financial, economic, technical and environmental issues for an efficient, effective, integrated, and sustainable solid waste management. One of the key findings of the research that all main stakeholders and public interviewed in the study generally agreed that privatisation has the potential for higher efficiency and provision of better quality service, which the local government cannot provide. In addition, the Dhofar Governorate, the case study area, it currently does not have any intermediate treatment or recycling facilities. Its current waste management system is limited to collection, transportation, open dumping and burning. Lack of strong law enforcement, inadequate operation, poor social awareness, and lack of adequate environmental protection characterises the current municipal solid waste management system. The identified potential avenues for private sector participation are in the transfer, treatment, and disposal of municipal or household wastes. Finally, waste content surveys should no longer be treated as an ad hoc or dispensable procedure but be regarded as regular procedures to be implemented in cities of the Sultanate. The research conclude that Oman should start examining private sector involvement in waste treatment and disposal to benefit from global advances in management systems, technologies and contractual mechanisms in order to make future ISWM system both financially and environmentally sustainable. As privatisation is first and foremost a political process, changes need to commence from the regulatory bodies. With ownership, institutional organization and operational changes have tremendous scope to improve public health and the environment in Oman. Accompanying the development of other economic policies organized by the Sultanate, the proposed scheme to introduce private sector participation into the solid waste sector aims to achieve equity, accountability, cost efficiency and environmental sustainability.

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DHINDAW, JAYA. "DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK OF BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SMALL TOURIST ISLANDS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1091035093.

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Abdallah, Mohamed E. S. M. "A Novel Computational Approach for the Management of Bioreactor Landfills." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20314.

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The bioreactor landfill is an emerging concept for solid waste management that has gained significant attention in the last decade. This technology employs specific operational practices to enhance the microbial decomposition processes in landfills. However, the unsupervised management and lack of operational guidelines for the bioreactor landfill, specifically leachate manipulation and recirculation processes, usually results in less than optimal system performance. Therefore, these limitations have led to the development of SMART (Sensor-based Monitoring and Remote-control Technology), an expert control system that utilizes real-time monitoring of key system parameters in the management of bioreactor landfills. SMART replaces conventional open-loop control with a feedback control system that aids the human operator in making decisions and managing complex control issues. The target from this control system is to provide optimum conditions for the biodegradation of the refuse, and also, to enhance the performance of the bioreactor in terms of biogas generation. SMART includes multiple cascading logic controllers and mathematical calculations through which the quantity and quality of the recirculated solution are determined. The expert system computes the required quantities of leachate, buffer, supplemental water, and nutritional amendments in order to provide the bioreactor landfill microbial consortia with their optimum growth requirements. Soft computational methods, particularly fuzzy logic, were incorporated in the logic controllers of SMART so as to accommodate the uncertainty, complexity, and nonlinearity of the bioreactor landfill processes. Fuzzy logic was used to solve complex operational issues in the control program of SMART including: (1) identify the current operational phase of the bioreactor landfill based on quantifiable parameters of the leachate generated and biogas produced, (2) evaluate the toxicological status of the leachate based on certain parameters that directly contribute to or indirectly indicates bacterial inhibition, and (3) predict biogas generation rates based on the operational phase, leachate recirculation, and sludge addition. The later fuzzy logic model was upgraded to a hybrid model that employed the learning algorithm of artificial neural networks to optimize the model parameters. SMART was applied to a pilot-scale bioreactor landfill prototype that incorporated the hardware components (sensors, communication devices, and control elements) and the software components (user interface and control program) of the system. During a one-year monitoring period, the feasibility and effectiveness of the SMART system were evaluated in terms of multiple leachate, biogas, and waste parameters. In addition, leachate heating was evaluated as a potential temperature control tool in bioreactor landfills. The pilot-scale implementation of SMART demonstrated the applicability of the system. SMART led to a significant improvement in the overall performance of the BL in terms of methane production and leachate stabilization. Temperature control via recirculation of heated leachate achieved high degradation rates of organic matter and improved the methanogenic activity.

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PAPA, Federico. "A Clientelistic Perspective of Managing Municipal Solid Waste System: An Analysis of the Social Impact of clientelism on the Municipality of Palermo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91034.

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This thesis aims to analyse the impact that clientelistic political pressures produces on the performance of Amia S.p.A., namely the public utility responsible of managing the solid waste management system of the municipality of Palermo, by making particular reference to the phenomenon of overstaffing. Synthetically, clientelism consists in a series of reciprocal convenience-based relationships between politicians and citizens, commanding unequal resources and involving mutually beneficial transactions in terms of economic, social and political consequences. The motivation of this research arise from the conviction that a deep analysis of this phenomenon, on one hand, could offer a greater contribution to improve the quality of electoral strategies and the consequential public policies and, on the other hand, to facilitate public managers in managing the performance of public organizations according to a perspective of sustainability. Therefore, the major issues of this research can be synthesized into three key questions: which are the main causes that led to the failure of the company Amia SpA? Which are the most remarkable managerial and organizational consequences that clientelistic political interferences have produced in respect of the performance of Amia S.p.A? Which policies could be implemented in order to mitigate the negative effects of clientelism thus maintaining a satisfying standard in the provision of the public service considered herein? Is clientelism a sustainable mechanism to expand significantly the electoral base of a given political party? Due to the high level of dynamic complexity that characterizes the system under observation the author believe that the combination between a dynamic performance management approach based on the so-called instrumental view and the system dynamic methodology may represent a powerful instrument in the hand of policy makers to frame a complex system and understand its development over time. Therefore in order to answer the above questions, firstly, a qualitative model showing which are the key variables of the system and the dynamic produced from their interactions will be elaborated and, secondly, will be identified the performance drivers on which public managers can leverage in order to drive the performance of Amia S.p.A. according to a perspective of sustainability. To conclude, the innovative aspect of this work is the attempt to apply the dynamic performance management approach, combined with the System Dynamics methodology, to assess the impact that clientelistic political interferences produces on the performance of a public utility. Therefore, the usefulness of this study is precisely to provide decision makers with a conceptual map that can enable them to promptly perceive and evaluate the causes and consequences of this phenomenon and, in addition, which policies can be implemented to mitigate the distortive effects that clientelistic political interferences may produces on the performance of a given public utility.

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Puentes, Ana Cristina. "Functional elements and human dimensions of a municipal solid waste management system in the Amazon forest the case of Puerto Bermúdez, Peru /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005120.

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Johnson, Amanda. "Environmental Systems Analysis Tools as Decision-Support in Municipal Solid Waste Management : LCA in Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207141.

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In order to deal with the mounting issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a way that is in line with sustainable development and Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) a systems approach is necessary.This approach can practically be integrated into the MSW decision-making process through Life Cycle Thinking(LCT) and environmental systems analysis tools such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper is written within the context of the RECO Baltic 21 Tech (RB21T) project which aims to improve waste management practices in 12 countries in the Baltic Sea Region. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which LCA is used as decision-support in MSW management in Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania. The use of LCA is examined on a national level as well as on a local or regional level based on relevant literature and a set of interviews conducted in each country. According to the results the use of LCA as decision-support in MSW management is very limited in Estonia and Lithuania whilst it is already a well-established tool in Sweden. Most of the LCA efforts in the Baltic States have been conducted in connection with foreign projects and investments,such as RB21T. Although an actual LCA might not always be applied in Sweden, LCT is prevalent in MSW management both on a national and local level. In order for LCA to be better integrated into MSW management this paper argues that there is a need for increased knowledge, data, more user-friendly LCA-tools andstrengthening regional partnerships for further transfer of knowledge between countries.

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Kasozi, A. "Applications of systems thinking in integrated solid waste management planning for African cities: the case of Nairobi, Kenya." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4394.

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The majority of solid waste generated by urban living cannot be assimilated in the city environment,and initial improvements in urban cleanliness and health were only realized when organized wastecollection and disposal outside of city limits was introduced in Europe in the late 19th century.Sanitary landfills were later invented to reduce the environmental effects of large unsecureddumpsites, it is now however increasingly being shown that this too as a waste management strategyoffers a worse environmental footprint than material and energy recovery and recycling (Cherubini et01., 2009). Modern approaches to solid waste management, collectively referred to as Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM), therefore increasingly incorporate strategies to reduce wastegeneration and to encourage re-use and recycling of materials, and recovery of energy; with landfilling as a last option for residual waste. This represents a shift in waste management paradigmsfrom a focus on collection for disposal, to an increasing integrated interest in the entire waste chainfrom waste generation to material and energy recovery and recycling, and to safe residual treatmentand disposal. The increasing acceptance of Mebratu's (1998) cosmic interdependence model as amore realistic conceptualisation of our world and how its natural, social, and economic spheresinteract however implies that sustainable waste management design needs to take a further leapinto a systems discourse, and cannot be considered in isolation of a rigorous understanding of thesystemic interactions of the social and economic circumstances unique to particular areas. This callsfor a greater understanding of how ISWM principles fit within the social and economic contexts ofgiven areas; an analytical gap that can be filled through the use of systems thinking and systemsbasedtools to multi-dimensionally investigate, and articulate the structures and relationships thatoften underlie complex situations. While systems thinking has found wide application in thesustainability sciences as a prerequisite to building truly sustainable systems (for example Capra,2002 and Hjorth & Bagheri, 2006), it has as yet found little application in waste management analysisand designs, which have evolved from simple problem-oriented to ""integrated"" engineeringmethods. In response to dire solid waste conditions in Nairobi, the government of Kenya agreed in 2009 tocollaborate with UNEP to develop an ISWM Strategy for Nairobi. The project was initiated in March2009, and a National Task Team was established to oversee the development of the plan along with ateam from the University of Cape Town, of which the author was part. The core elements of theresulting Nairobi City ISWM Strategy (CCN & UNEP, 2010) were finalised in April 2010 and included,alongside the formal use of the UNEP ISWM planning methodology, some application of systemsanalysis. These systems analyses could however only be partially developed due to project deliverytime constraints, and this dissertation extends these analyses to completion and explores theirimplications for ISWM in Nairobi.Systems based tools from the research area of system dynamics were applied to systematicallystructure the waste problem and situation in Nairobi, and to develop conceptual causal loop modelsarticulating the solid waste system in Nairobi as a whole. This enabled the highlighting of inherentwaste system strengths and weaknesses in Nairobi, system drivers, leverage points, behaviouralarchetypes, and resulting implications for ISWM planning in Nairobi. The insights generated wereused to inform an examination of whether the intervention strategies finally developed in theNairobi ISWM Strategy Plan (CCN & UNEP, 2010) were adequate at a fundamental level andsufficiently relevant. It was also determined that the bulk of Nairobi's solid waste is organic, and thatthe material recycling and reuse capacity in the city is a key system driver in its waste management towards ISWM, of which organic waste valorization comprises a significant part. It was therefore ofinterest to determine the current capacity, and potential for expansion of organic waste valorizationin the city towards amplifying material recycling as a system driver towards ISWM.The application of a systems based analysis of Nairobi's waste management identified the presenceof ten system drivers of varying nature and flexibility, through which to influence the achievement ofISWM objectives in the city. Potential system leverage points in Nairobi's waste sector were alsoidentified and allowed the development of additional systemic interventions through which largewaste sector changes towards ISWM may be achieved with relatively small inputs. The solid wastemanagement scene in Nairobi was also found to involve a combination of two systems archetypes asdefined by Braun (2002): a 'Success to the successful' trend of private waste collection relative to theCity Council, embedded within a larger 'Tragedy of the Commons' trend - the commons being thecity's economic, human, and natural capital; and implicitly its potential revenue base for collectionservice providers, whose tragic diminishing for all will be the inevitable result if the current operationand disposal practices of both the private collectors and the City Council continue. The interventionsproposed in the Nairobi ISWM Strategy (CCN & UNEP, 2010) were found to have targeted many ofthe fundamental causes leading to the current solid waste situation in Nairobi, due in part to thepartial use of systems analysis in their development by the author; additional insights were howevergenerated from the completed systems analysis discussed in this dissertation. These highlight a needfor the development of policy consistent with eight extra systemic interventions, six of which may beconsidered critical to the success of ISWM efforts in Nairobi.The latter focus on the potential of organic waste valorization to amplify Nairobi's material recyclingcapacity as a waste system driver towards ISWM revealed that there is a leakage of 14% to 23% of allwaste in the city due to organic waste degradation at open dumps or collection points. There is acurrent interest in the use of such organic wastes as animal feed in Nairobi City, and this userepresents a promising but seemingly under tapped organic waste valorisation potential that is likelyto gain in importance in future. Bulk compost production from organic waste is uneconomical underthe present market conditions in the city, and does not currently offer a rational option for the bulkvalorisation of organic wastes in Nairobi. The anaerobic digestion of organic waste for energyhowever shows potential to achieve radically improved organic waste valorisation levels in the city,and from techno-economic modelling undertaken of potential medium scale biogas-to-energy plantinvestments, seems feasible at the current biogas energy feed-in tariffs of 6 KShs/kWh (17-19 US Cents/kWh) and an organic waste tipping fee of KShs. l/kg organic wastetreated, is recommended to achieve more attractive investment payback periods of under five yearsfor especially private investors, and generally agrees with feed-in tarif

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Nkosi, Ledile F. "An evaluation of the municipal solid waste management system within City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, in Mamelodi East Township, Gauteng province South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46145.

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Municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) comprise of waste generation, segregation at the point of generation, collection, transportation and disposal at the landfill. The municipalities in South Africa were mandated by the constitution of the country to provide a number of basic services including solid waste management to their citizens. A rapid increase in municipal waste volumes is a problem in urban areas resulting in mushrooming illegal dumps. The aims of this study were to evaluate the municipal solid waste management system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Mamelodi East, identify the challenges within the system and explain the practice of illegal dumping by residents of Mamelodi East. This was achieved through a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted using qualitative data collection methods. The data was collected through interviews with key informants (two municipal officials and one waste removal contractor) and the waste removal process was observed and photographed. The illegal dumps were mapped and photographed and those of high public health concern were identified. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the residents living closest to identified dump sites. The analysis revealed that the system implemented by City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality included regular door to door and communal collection of waste from the residents, transportation of collected waste to Hetherley landfill and disposal. About 21 illegal dumps were identified, mapped and photographed, and nine of them were considered to pose health risk to the residents, especially those living closest to them. It was discovered that these residents were not happy with the illegal dump next to their yards and recommend that the sites be used for beneficial purpose. Shortcomings included a lack of an updated waste management plan; lack of waste minimization strategy including the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle); and lack of public awareness and involvement in waste management issues. No measures are implemented for prevention of illegal dumping and the only control measure was to clean the dump sites periodically. There is a lack of law enforcement and systems overload. The researcher concluded that the MSWMS implemented in the community of Mamelodi East was inadequate. It is recommended that the community should be involved at the planning phase and all mentioned shortcomings be addressed. The waste management legislation including policies and by-laws, need to be enforced. Dissertation (MPH)--University of Pretoria, 2014. tm2015 School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH) MPH Unrestricted

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González, Martínez Tahnee María [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Seifert. "Analysis of different municipal solid waste management systems in Santiago de Chile / Tahnee María González Martínez. Betreuer: Helmut Seifert." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014277795/34.

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Gripp, William Gomes. "Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos municipais e os sistemas complexos: a busca da sustentabilidade e a proposta de cobrança da coleta em Santo André-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-24052016-085932/.

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O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos municipais não vem contemplando adequadamente a multidimensionalidade da realidade urbana num mundo globalizado e pouco tem auxiliado na necessária transformação dos padrões de consumo nas comunidades locais. Face a incerteza inerente dos sistemas sociais, a complexidade vem sendo, progressivamente, reconhecida como a expressão paradigmática dessa realidade. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se o conceito de sistema de resíduos sólidos sob a perspectiva de um sistema complexo, assim como caracteriza-se a dinâmica das suas interações. A partir dessa concepção teórica, discute-se a busca da sustentabilidade por meio do gerenciamento de resíduos e as formas de complexificar a sua metodologia de atuação, na qual a cobrança da coleta de resíduos domiciliares é identificada como um importante instrumento neste processo. Propõe-se um modelo de cobrança desses serviços cuja viabilidade é verificada na simulação feita para o município de Santo André-SP. Levanta-se, ainda, dados sobre as formas de cobrança existentes em diversos municípios e a situação dos serviços de limpeza urbana no Brasil. Conclui-se que o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos deve ser executado no âmbito de uma política pública local para o setor e que o modelo de cobrança proposto tem maior aplicabilidade em cidades de médio a grande porte. Municipal solid waste management does not give appropriate consideration to the urban multidimensional reality in a globalized world and it has not promoted the necessary change of consumer standards in the local community. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the social systems, the complexity has been progressively recognized as a paradigmatic expression of this reality. In this study the concept of solid waste system is explained in the perspective of a complex system and how to characterize the dynamics of its interactions. From this theoretical standing the search for sustainability through solid waste management and the way to improve the complexity of its methodology is discussed wherein the household waste collection tax is identified as an important tool. A model for a waste collection tax is proposed the feasibility of which is validated by a simulation applied in Santo Andre city. Data on waste collection tax was acquired from several municipal districts and they represent the situation of the urban cleaning services in Brazil. Conclusions state that solid waste management should be carried out in the context of local public policies for this sector and that the proposed model for waste collection tax presents high feasibility for medium and large cities.

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Adamoski, Michele. "Wast Management System for Western Africa : Analysis of systemssuccessfully applied in the world that may fit the reality faced in Western Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150793.

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Health and safety have been the most important concerns in waste management formany years. However, nowadays society demands that as well as being safe, waste managementmust also be sustainable. The management of a sustainable Municipal Solid Waste is anecessary but not-prioritized aspect of environmental management in most countries with lowand middle income.This study purposes an analysis of technologies, in order to select the best and mostsuitable practices in Sustainable Waste Management Systems already applied or in advancedlevel of research in developed and developing countries. The target countries for receiving thisstudy of waste system are located in Western Africa: Ghana, Côte d‟Ivoire, Senegal andNigeria.The analysis of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, with focus onorganic matter, was presented in two groups. The first group, “collection and transportation”was analysed with attention to aspects and stakeholders presented in the Integrated SustainableWaste Management framework. In the second group, “treatment and disposal”, each technologywas analysed based on aspects of sustainable development. The decision-support software Web-HIPRE was also used to frame the final rank of solutions for the African scenario.The conclusions for those analyses were that the creation of micro and small enterprisesand community based organizations for collection and transportation should strongly beencouraged. They generate not just new employment but awareness among the population aswell. As for the treatment and disposal of organic household waste, two promising technologiesare decentralized composting and home composting with plastic bins.

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Lima, Rosimeire Midori Suzuki Rosa. "Sistema de avaliação da gestão integrada de resíduos da construção civil na esfera municipal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-20022014-114459/.

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Os Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) representam uma importante questão ambiental a ser considerada na gestão urbana dos Municípios. Os grandes volumes gerados e a sua destinação têm ocasionado diversos impactos ambientais ao meio urbano, com evidentes efeitos à saúde da população. Esta situação impõe aos gestores públicos a adoção de soluções mais eficazes para a gestão desses resíduos, sendo imprescindível o planejamento estratégico e integrado e a avaliação das ações implementadas. O objetivo desta tese é a proposição de um sistema de avaliação da gestão municipal dos RCC, de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Resolução CONAMA 307/2002 e demais resoluções pertinentes ao tema. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida em três etapas: i) revisão bibliográfica; ii) elaboração do sistema, considerando três eixos essenciais: universalidade dos serviços; proteção à saúde ambiental; e preservação dos recursos naturais, tendo como base a ferramenta FPEEEA (método de construção de indicadores) e iii) avaliação da gestão dos RCC de um município brasileiro utilizando o sistema proposto para verificar a sua aplicabilidade e identificação de fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão. Como resultado, é apresentado o Sistema de Avaliação da Gestão Integrada dos RCC denominado SAGI-RCC para apoiar a gestão no âmbito municipal. Este sistema propõe ações para a gestão integrada e os respectivos indicadores para monitorá-las, de forma que se constitui em uma ferramenta para ser inserida em processo de melhoria contínua da gestão municipal desses resíduos. Este sistema visa induzir os gestores municipais à reflexão a respeito da gestão de RCC e o SAGI-RCC permite avaliar o atendimento da gestão dos RCC às dimensões da sustentabilidade no âmbito municipal. Além disso, pode ser aplicado a distintas realidades, pois os valores para a avaliação são adaptáveis às condições locais. Quando aplicado a um município de médio porte (cerca de 500.000 habitantes), constatou-se que o conjunto de indicadores que compõe o SAGI-RCC é relevante, pois abrange as diferentes dimensões de sustentabilidade da gestão integrada, estabelecidas pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, além de identificar fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão de RCC deste município. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an important environmental issue to be considered in Municipal Urban Management. The large volume generated and its disposal have caused several environmental impacts to the urban environment, with obvious effects on population health. This requires public managers to adopt more effective solutions to manage these wastes such as the implementation of integrated strategic planning and evaluation of actions which are extremely necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an evaluation system for municipal construction waste management, according to the premises of the National Policy for Solid Waste; Resolution 307 issued by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and other theme related resolutions. Exploratory research was carried out in three steps: i) literature review; ii) development of the system, considering three main pillars: scope of the service, environmental health protection and preservation of natural resources, based on the FPEEEA tool (methods for building environmental health indicators) and iii) assessment of CDW management in a Brazilian city using the proposed system to verify its applicability and identify its management strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the Evaluation System of Integrated CDW Management - called SAGI-CDW is presented to give support to management at a municipal level. This system proposes action towards integrated management and the respective indicators to monitorate, so that it becomes a tool to be inserted in CDW Municipal Management Continuous Improvement Processes. This system aims at inducing city managers to reflect on CDW management, and SAGI-CDW can assess the CDW management action strategies in terms of extension of sustainability at a municipal level. Moreover, it can be applied to different situations, because the parameters for evaluation are adapted to local conditions. When applied to a medium size city (approximately 500.000 inhabitants), it was found that the set of indicators that make up the SAGI-CDW is relevant as it covers the different dimensions of sustainability for integrated management established by the National Policy for Solid Waste, and also identifies weaknesses and strengths of this municipalitys CDW management.

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Durand, Mathieu. "La gestión de los residuos sólidos en los países en desarrollo: ¿cómo obtener beneficios de las dificultades actuales?" Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119331.

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Solid waste management in the less developed countries: how to overcome present difficulties and to obtain benefits?The study of urban waste management in less developed countries permits us to put into evidence different systems. Each of these has its own logic, but they are strongly inter weaved. Their «modelization» (that is, their simplification), which we propose to do in this paper, looks to illuminate the principal characteristics of a very complex reality. We propose to observe three systems that respond to both geographic and historic logics. They refer to «self management» of the «public management» and of the «shared management». These three systems are imbricated to allow the management of waste in a city such as Lima (Perú), finally building a «compound system».Following the example of the management of solid waste in the Northern countries, most part of the public policies of the South cities look for technically modernize the management of their waste. The hypothesis of this text is that this strategy builds strong inequalities in such cities, related to the quality of service, because they do not have the resources to put them into functioning in all their territories. On the contrary, some experiences, even minor, look for taking advantage of the present condition, taking in account the best way of the different dimensions of sustainable development, by using the strong practice points of certain populations, such as the recyclers. This voluntarist adaptation should, however, make malabar with the different population vulnerabilities, designed to a progressive attenuation. El estudio de la gestión de los residuos en las ciudades de los países en desarrollo permite poner en evidencia diferentes sistemas. Cada uno de ellos tiene su propia lógica, pero se encuentran muy entrelazados. Su «modelización» (es decir, su simplificación), cosa que nos proponemos hacer en este artículo, busca iluminar las principales características de una realidad muy compleja. Podemos observar tres sistemas que responden a lógicas, a la vez geográficas e históricas: la «autogestión», de la «gestión pública» y de la «gestión compartida». Estos tres sistemas se imbrican para permitir gestionar los residuos en una ciudad como Lima (Perú), construyendo finalmente un «sistema compuesto».Siguiendo el ejemplo de la gestión de los residuos sólidos en los países del Norte, la mayor parte de las políticas públicas de las ciudades del Sur buscan modernizar técnicamente la gestión de sus residuos. La hipótesis del presente texto es que esta estrategia construye fuertes desigualdades en dichas ciudades en lo que respecta a la calidad del servicio, puesto que no tienen los medios para ponerla a funcionar en todo su territorio. Por el contrario, algunas experiencias, aun minoritarias, buscan sacar ventaja de la situación actual, tomando en cuenta de mejor manera las diferentes dimensiones del desarrollo sustentable, aprovechando los puntos fuertes de las prácticas de ciertas poblaciones, tales como los recicladores. Esta adaptación voluntarista debe, sin embargo, hacer malabares con las diferentes vulnerabilidades de las poblaciones, destinadas a una atenuación progresiva.

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Uz, Zaman Atiq. "Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey and LifeCycle Environmental Assessment of Emerging Technologies." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-46334.

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Waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it ismanaged. Different waste treatment technologies are available at present to manage municipal solidwaste (MSW). Various actors are involved to develop waste treatment technology for certain area.The aim of this study is to analyze the driving forces in technical development in waste sector inSweden. The study is also done to identify emerging waste management technology in Sweden.Moreover, a comparative study of existing and emerging technologies is done by Life CycleAssessment (LCA) model. An extensive literature review and pilot questionnaire survey among thewaste management professionals’ is done for the study. LCA model is developed by SimaProsoftware CML2 baseline method is used for identifying environmental burden from the wastetechnologies.Dry composting, Pyrolysis-Gasification (P-G), Plasma-Arc are identified as potential emergingtechnologies for waste management system in Sweden. Technical developments of thesetechnologies are influenced by indigenous people’s behavior, waste characteristics, regulations, healthor environmental impact and global climate change. Comparative LCA model of P-G andIncineration shows that, P-G is a favorable waste treatment technology than Incineration for MSW,especially in acidification, global warming and aquatic eco-toxicity impact categories.

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Eneroth, Tomas. "Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of the Current and Proposed Municipal Solid Waste Management System in the Districts of Bethlehem and Al Khalil, Palestine, Using Cost/Benefit-Analysis Methodology." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32577.

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Improper waste management can have large impacts on the environment and thepopulation. Spreading of deceases, degradation of groundwater and air pollution maycause major problems and give rise to a number of different secondary problems suchas economic losses and loss of aesthetic values. In Palestine these problems have beenacknowledged in the Palestinian Environmental Strategy, and the work for developingwaste management systems have been initialized. When deciding upon new policies regarding waste management (or any other policyfor that matter), the most reasonable way of doing this should be to compare differentalternatives on a scientific basis using transparent methods. If the alternatives areevaluated using “gut feeling” or if different methods are employed for differentalternatives, how can the comparison be considered fair? Therefore a number ofanalysis tools have been developed. Cost/Benefit Analysis (CBA) is one of them. CBA can be summarized as a method where the impacts of a system are somehowquantified, and those quantities are monetarized, i.e. a price is put on them per unit.This method has a number of difficulties and questionable aspects to it, but at least itis based on transparent information. The aim of this work is to quantify and, wherepossible, monetarize the impacts of the current waste management system and the oneproposed in the Palestinian Environmental Strategy. Four environmental indicatorshave been identified and quantified; Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Loss ofRecreational and Aesthetic Values and Landscape degradation. Only one of theseindicators have been monetarized though - Air Pollution. The results somewhat showsthe difference between a centralized and a decentralized system; a large difference inair pollution due to increased transports for the centralized scenario and a largedifference in local impacts such as loss of recreational and aesthetic values for thedecentralized scenario. When put in a context of impacts in other areas, such aseconomical, health and social impacts, the results may very well contribute to thedecision making process. www.ima.kth.se

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Farias, Emily de Mendonça Marques. "Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos nas atividades de exploração offshore de óleo e gás." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8723.

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Apesar da relevância econômica, a atividade de Exploração e Produção (E&P) é considerada potencialmente causadora de impactos ambientais, dentre estes destaca-se a geração de resíduos sólidos. Neste cenário, estão sendo criados uma série de regulamentações e acordos internacionais cada vez mais restritivos pertinentes a esta temática, dentre estes a Nota Técnica CGPEG/DILIC/IBAMA n 01/11, que estabelece a implementação do Projeto de Controle da Poluição (PCP). Além de marcos regulatórios cada vez mais rígidos, o gerenciamento de resíduos é fundamental para a minimização de impactos ambientais, pois se o mesmo não for realizado de maneira eficiente, pode gerar custos e problemas ambientais e a imagem da empresa pode ficar comprometida através de passivos ambientais. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa analisar o processo de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos gerados em instalações marítimas de perfuração de poços de petróleo, bem como a adequação deste processo à legislação vigente de modo a identificar os principais entraves para a minimização dos efeitos ambientais provocados pela atividade. O estabelecimento de um marco regulatório para controle da poluição dessa atividade definiu novas diretrizes, que levarão a redução dos quantitativos gerados, bem como a adoção de melhores formas para tratamento e disposição dos resíduos. Contudo, o crescimento das atividades de exploração de petróleo deverá ser acompanhado também do desenvolvimento e ampliação do mercado nacional voltado ao transporte, tratamento e disposição final de resíduos, de forma a reduzir ao máximo o impacto ambiental causado por estas atividades. In spite of its economic importance both nationally and globally, the E&P activity is considered potentially hazardous to environment and one of its impacts that stands out is the generation of solid waste. In this scenario, concerns about the environmental impacts associated with the oil & gas industry has raised the need of increasingly restrictive international regulations and agreements. Regarding solid waste generation, the main regulation is the Nota Técnica CGPEG/DILIC/IBAMA n 01/11, that establishes the Pollution Control Project (PCP). In addition to regulatory marks increasingly rigid, the efficient management of waste is of major importance as to minimize the environmental impacts. The present work aims to analyze the process of waste management at drilling rigs, as well as its suitability with the current legislation in order to identify the main barriers to the minimization of the environmental effects of the activities. The regulatory mark for pollution control that was settled for these activities has defined new guidelines that will lead to a reduction of waste generation, as well as to the development of better ways to treat and dispose of. Nevertheless, the growth of oil & gas exploration activities should be followed too by the development and expansion of national market oriented to transport, treatment and disposal of solid waste, as to maximize the reduction of the environmental impacts due to these activities.

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Fiore, Fabiana Alves 1977. "A gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos por meio de redes técnicas." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257718.

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Orientador: Emilia Wanda Rutkowski Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fiore_FabianaAlves_D.pdf: 1796194 bytes, checksum: 6ca313762f3b56c5c13887af086c0a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Resumo: Em países onde as discussões sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável ainda passam pela necessidade de garantir o acesso universal aos recursos, a gestão dos resíduos sólidos mostra se precária. No contexto de ampliação do controle sobre os resíduos sólidos gerados e dispostos no território, o Brasil regulamentou sua Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) para minimizar sua geração, garantir o tratamento dos resíduos reversos e a adequada disposição final dos rejeitos, com diretrizes de produção mais limpa e eco eficiência. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido visando subsidiar os municípios na implantação de seus sistemas de gestão para atender a essa nova regulamentação. Estruturada a partir do ciclo PDCA, a proposta de gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos foi construída sob a ótica das redes técnicas territoriais de modo a se atenderem as diretrizes, os princípios e os objetivos da PNRS. Além de propor um modelo aberto de sistema de gestão, o trabalho discute os conceitos fundamentais relativos ao tema, permite compreender o atual cenário de geração de resíduos sólidos no território nacional e conhecer os acordos sociais estabelecidos para cada uma das classes de resíduos sólidos Abstract: In countries where discussion on sustainable development still touches on the need of warranting universal access on resources, waste management proves precarious. In the context of broadening control on solid waste generated and disposed on the territory, Brazil has regulated its National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) in order to minimize its production, ensure treatment of reverse waste and proper final disposal of refuse, with guidelines for cleaner production and ecoefficiency. This project was developed with the goal of subsidizing municipalities on the implementation of their management systems complying with this new regulation. Structured from the PDCA cycle, the municipal solid waste management proposal was built under the notion of territorial technical networks so as to comply with the guidelines, principals and goals of the PNRS. Apart from proposing an open management system model, the research discusses fundamental concepts regarding the subject, allows the comprehension of the current setting of solid waste generation on national territory and the knowledge of social agreements established for each of the solid waste classes Doutorado Saneamento e Ambiente Doutora em Engenharia Civil

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Fernandes, Rafael Gomes. "Universidade e meio ambiente: o caso do centro de tecnologia da Universidade Federal do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11490.

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nÃo hÃ O objetivo desse estudo Ã investigar como os preceitos legais de sustentabilidade ambiental sÃo incorporados Ã estrutura e prÃticas institucionais da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, tomando seu Centro de Tecnologia como estudo de caso. Constam, no desenvolvimento do trabalho, dados sobre a existÃncia de uma PolÃtica Ambiental e de um Plano de Gerenciamento de ResÃduos na UFC, alÃm da descriÃÃo da geraÃÃo, gerenciamento e destinaÃÃo dos resÃduos laboratoriais do CT â UFC. O trabalho contempla, ainda, a descriÃÃo dos componentes ambientais constantes nos Projetos PolÃticos PedagÃgicos (PPPâs) dos cursos de graduaÃÃo do CT â UFC. Como procedimentos metodolÃgicos utilizamos a anÃlise de documentos oficiais da instituiÃÃo, a aplicaÃÃo de formulÃrios nos laboratÃrios do CT-UFC e entrevista. O trabalho foi realizado entre os meses de fevereiro de 2012 e janeiro de 2014. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a UFC se encontra, ainda, no patamar de concepÃÃo e implantaÃÃo de polÃticas e programas ambientais. Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how the legal precepts of environmental sustainability are incorporated into the institutional structure and practices of the Federal University of CearÃ, taking its Technology Center as a case study. Listed in the development of work there are data on the existence of an Environmental Policy and a Waste Management Plan in the UFC, beyond the description of the generation, management and disposal of laboratory waste of the TC - UFC. The work also includes a description of the environmental components listed in Political Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) of undergraduate courses of TC - UFC. The methodological procedures involved analysis of official documents of the institution, application of forms in the laboratories of TC - UFC and interviews. The study was conducted between the months of February 2012 and January 2014. The research results indicate that the UFC is currently at a level of design and implementation of environmental policies and programs

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Reidler, Nivea Maria Vega Longo. "Resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos em instituições de ensino superior: estudo de caso e diretrizes para elaboração de plano de gestão integrada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-16052012-141559/.

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Introdução: no Brasil, ainda não há legislação específica, em nível nacional, sobre resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE). Com a regulamentação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, as instituições de ensino superior (IES) no país se deparam com a necessidade de criar sistemas de gestão integrada que incluam logística reversa e disposição desses equipamentos ao final de sua vida útil. Objetivo: estudar a geração, fluxo e destino dos REEE de IES e propor diretrizes para a gestão institucional desses resíduos. Estudou-se o caso de duas IES, em dois cenários distintos: A) a Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), sem influência de legislação específica sobre o tema e que não possui política de resíduos consolidada; B) A Universidade de Cádiz (Espanha), sob influência das Diretivas da União Europeia e de legislação nacional e que conta com política de resíduos e sistemas integrados de gestão de REEE. Método: análise quali/quantitativa em ambas as IES que constou de: I) Diagnóstico da geração, fluxo e destino dos REEE. Técnica utilizada: levantamento dos dados censitários dos bens que sofreram processo de baixa em um período de dez anos, no sistema de informação da Administração Patrimonial; II) Criação de nova base de dados, com inclusão de classificação dos REEE por tipo, peso médio e periculosidade; III) Pesquisa participativa com os responsáveis por setores envolvidos com a gestão interna de REEE; e IV) Observação sistemática, com registros fotográficos e de dados obtidos, em locais de destino de REEE e em nove Sistemas de Gestão Integrada de REEE (SIG-REEE) da Espanha. Resultados: o diagnóstico foi apresentado aos responsáveis por setores envolvidos com a gestão interna desses resíduos nas instituições, com objetivo de coletar sugestões para um plano de gestão de REEE que atendesse às suas necessidades e expectativas. Os resultados desta pesquisa levaram à proposta de diretrizes para a gestão institucional de REEE, orientando a execução das ações de controle de seus impactos econômicos, sociais, ambientais e de saúde de forma integrada e que seja sustentável e possa ser adaptado a quaisquer tipos de instituição, com flexibilidade para atender a diferentes necessidades e realidades. Conclusão: I) Os procedimentos adotados atualmente nas IES estudadas não atendem aos requisitos fundamentais de sustentabilidade. II) Constatou-se que fatores internos determinam os caminhos da gestão externa do REEE. III) As diretrizes propostas para gestão integrada de REEE baseiam-se em três etapas principais: a) planejamento para aquisição do EEE; b) vida útil; c) gestão de REEE. O estudo conclui que para se conseguir um sistema de gestão sustentável e efetivo, é necessário considerar todas as etapas do ciclo de vida do produto, a partir do planejamento para sua aquisição, até seu destino final. Para que o sistema de gestão de REEE em IES seja efetivo, propõe-se a integração da gestão de EEE/REEE Introduction: in Brazil, there is no specific law at the national level for the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE). With the National Solid Waste Policy regulations, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the country are faced with the need to create integrated management systems that include reverse logistics and disposal of such equipment at the end of its life time. Objective: to study the generation, flow, and destination of WEEE from HEI and propose guidelines for developing an institutional management system for such waste. Two HEIs in two distinct scenarios were analyzed: A) the University of São Paulo (Brazil), which operates without the influence of legislation on the subject and does not have a consolidated waste policy; and B) The University of Cádiz (Spain), which operates under European Union Directives and national legislation, featuring an integrated waste management policy on WEEE. Methods: qualitative/quantitative analyses in both institutions consisted of: i) Diagnosis of the generation, flow, and destination of WEEE based on census data on goods that have undergone a process of decline over a period of ten years in the Administração Patrimonial (Asset Management) information systems; ii) Creation of a new database, which includes the classification of WEEE by type, average weight, and hazard risk; iii) Research with the participation of the responsible parties of the sectors involved with the internal management of WEEE, and iv) Systematic observation, with photographic records and retrieved data from WEEE destinations and from nine Integrated Management Systems of WEEE (SIG-REEE) in Spain. Results: the diagnoses were presented to the responsible parties of the sectors involved with the internal management of such waste in institutions, with the objective of gathering suggestions for a WEEE management system that meets needs and expectations. The results led to the proposal of guidelines for the preparation of an institutional WEEE management plan, to orient the implementation of sustainable practices in order to better control economic, social, environmental, and health impact in an integrated manner that is sustainable and can be adapted to any type of institution, with enough flexibility to meet different needs and realities. Conclusion: I) the procedures currently in effect in HEI do not meet the core requirements of sustainability II) It was noted that internal factors determine the paths of external WEEE management. III) The guidelines proposed in this study for integrated management of WEEE were based on three main stages: a) acquisition of the EEE, b) useful life period; c) WEEE management. The study concludes that to achieve a sustainable and effective management system, it is necessary to consider all stages of the life cycle of a product, from planning to acquisition, to its final destination. The integration of EEE/WEEE management is recommended

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SARMENTO, Dayanny de Santana. "Influência de resíduos agroindustriais na saúde pública: estudo de caso em Sousa - PB." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/665.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T18:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAYANNY DE SANTANA SARMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 1014503 bytes, checksum: 16d44113109fb69e702796d29612c3c0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T18:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAYANNY DE SANTANA SARMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 1014503 bytes, checksum: 16d44113109fb69e702796d29612c3c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 esta pesquisa buscou-se verificar se a existência de agroindústrias tem efeitos significativos ou não na saúde pública do município de Sousa - PB. Para isso, foram levantados dados sobre as unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), número de pessoas atendidas por cada unidade, registros de doenças prevalentes e informações acerca das agroindústrias situadas em suas microáreas de atuação. Os principais instrumentos metodológicos utilizados foram à pesquisa documental, feitas através de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas guiadas junto aos gestores da saúde do município, visitas in loco e registros fotográficos, a analise foi realizada estatisticamente com softwres. A partir dos resultados obtidos nas entrevistas, percebeu-se que as principais doenças relacionadas aos resíduos agroindustriais, em ordem de importância, são: diarreia, dengue e Leishmaniose Visceral. Os dados utilizados neste estudo compreenderam o período de janeiro a dezembro dos anos de 2013 e 2014 . Os indicadores per capita calculados para diarreia e dengue mostraram-se, em geral, maiores nas ESF que possuem agroindústrias com disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos em seu raio de atuação que naquelas sem agroindústrias. Não houve variação significativa nos indicadores per capita de Leishmaniose Visceral entre as ESF com e sem agroindústrias em seu raio de atuação. Ao averiguar os resultados sobre a percepção dos gestores de saúde de Sousa - PB acerca do impacto dos resíduos sólidos agroindustriais na saúde local e os indicadores per capita para as doenças prevalentes obtidos na comparação das ESF com e sem agroindústrias, sugere-se que o estudo contribua para a reflexão das autoridades envolvidas, dos profissionais de saúde e principalmente da população em estudo, no que se diz respeito à disposição inadequada dos resíduos sólidos gerados na agroindústria. This study aims at verifying whether the existence or not of agribusiness has significant effects on public health in Sousa City, Paraíba, Brazil. For this, data on the “Family Health Strategy (FHS)” units of Sousa - PB, number of people served by each unit, prevalent diseases records and information on the agribusinesses located in their respective microáreas were collected. The basic methodology consisted of using documentary research, guided interviews with city health managers, in loco visits and photographic records. Based on the results obtained from the interviews, it was noted that the prevalent diseases related to agroindustrial residues, in order of importance, are: diarrhea, dengue and Visceral Leishmaniasis. The data used in this study comprised the period from 2013 to 2014. The per capita indicators calculated for diarrhea and dengue were shown to be generally higher in the FHS units that have agribusinesses with improper disposal of solid wastes in its operating radius than in those without agribusinesses. There was no significant variation in the comparison of per capita indicators for Visceral Leishmaniasis between ESF with and without agribusinesses in its operating range. When checking the results about the perception of health managers of Sousa - PB on the impact of agroindustrial solid wastes in local health, allied to the per capita indicators for prevalent diseases obtained in terms of the ESF with and without agro-industries, it was suggested that there is a need to adopt prevention and measures to promote public health.

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