Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solipsism'
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Sarkar, Priyambada. "Wittgenstein and solipsism." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730920.
Full textLe, Poidevin Robin David. "Time and solipsism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293540.
Full textPowers, Donald. "Textual solipsism in J.M. Coetzee's Dusklands." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8090.
Full textIn this dissertation I examine through a close reading of J.M. Coetzee's Dusklands (1974) the textual dymamic that impels the two narrator-protagonists toward the solipsist position - the ground of the true Cartesian. I show how Eugene Dawn and Jacobus Coetzee are presented as products of Western print culture and children of René Descartes: literate and acutely self-conscious. I note how each conceives himself according to Descartes' mind-body dualism as primarily a thinking thing. I argue that this self-conception is reinforced by their paradoxical presence-as-absence as figures in a fiction.
Upton, John Christopher. "Pragmatic Epistemology, Community, and the Problem of Solipsism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10017.
Full textMaster of Arts
Medeiros, Luciano Wilson de. "Revisitando a Terra Gêmea: reflexões sobre o externalismo semântico de Hilary Putnam." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-27082012-090443/.
Full textIn 1975, Hilary Putnam published the article The Meaning of Meaning in which he proposed the doctrine that became known as semantic externalism. His idea was that the meaning of words cannot be established by an individual in isolation (or by mind taken in isolation). In this work, we investigate Putnams thesis from several different perspectives, aiming at giving the reader elements to understand it in detail. These perspectives include the precise definition of semantic externalism, the arguments Putnam uses to support it, and the investigation of some consequences of the doctrine for the philosophy of language, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of mind.
Soares, Daniel Quaresma Figueira. "A função do corpo na filosofia de Schopenhauer: conhecimento, metafísica e o problema da Coisa em si." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-23032010-124103/.
Full textThe present thesis propounds the spotting and comprehension of the function of the notion of body in Arthur Schopenhauers philosophy, particularly in regard to his reflections upon metaphysics and epistemology. The body is better understood through the awareness of the fact that in Schopenhauers set of ideas the function of the body is entwined with the philosophers view on the so-called controversy about things in themselves from the post-kantian period. The introduction of the concept of body provides Schopenhauer with authority to negate two obstacles thrived on that controversy. On the one hand, the body fosters a knowledge which does not intend to be led to a dogmatism of the affection of sensibility by things in themselves, but on the other, the body is here reckoned as a means to access the thing in itself and as the core of an analogy argument which nullifies solipsism whilst favours the recognition of things in themselves in every phenomenon.
Kenwood, Christine Jessica. "Social constructionism in psychology, the road to solipsism and an alternative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58537.pdf.
Full textLuzzatto, Benjamin A. (Benjamin Almeida) 1970. "Planning accidents and pointing at them : translation and "the truth of solipsism"." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76085.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 128-129).
All the things that drive me as an artist are about the same question. It is a question that may be asked in different ways. I want to know how I am already a part of the world. I want to know if when I look at the world it is the same thing others see. I want to discover why it is not possible for me to experience the world the way it is prior to my seeing it. The way I have approached answering these questions has been to find ways of accompanying events that already take place in the world. The following is an expression of these experiences.
by Benjamin A. Luzzatto.
S.M.
Ucan, Timur. "The issue of solipsism in the early works of Sartre and Wittgenstein." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/62314/.
Full textMoor, Rudinei Cogo. "A SUPERAÇÃO DO SOLIPSISMO A PARTIR DA 5ª MEDITAÇÃO CARTESIANA: UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO ÉTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9111.
Full textThe present work aims to elaborate on solipsism how philosophical problem and attempt to overcome as from the Husserlian phenomenology. We leave the analysis of the concept of solipsism and then describe the place that it occupies in the philosophies of Augustine, Descartes and Husserl. Then will deal about intersubjectivity in Husserl as an attempt to overcome. We stress the importance of the discussion that Husserl gives the question the other and, therefore, to examine thinkers Merleau-Ponty, Levinas and Waldenfels overcoming ethical solipsism. In order to achieve such objective, we will make a reconstructive and immanent analysis, divided into three parts, of the aspects relevant to this issue, as well as some of the critical readings available. First we show the Husserl s philosophical trajectory, the basic aspects of its phenomenology regarding the question of solipsism and is carried out as an attempt to overcome through intersubjectivity. Thus, at first we will try to thematize the concept of solipsism in general, passing by the subjectivist philosophies of nature as Augustine and Descartes. Following the central concepts of phenomenology will be analyzed, as well as the distance a head of the philosophical tradition and its possible response to solipsism. Finally, we analyze how proposal from the Husserlian intersubjectivity, is forwarded to the question of intersubjectivity in the philosophies of Merleau-ponty, Levinas and Bernhard Waldenfels to overcome charges of solipsistic and put the ethical treatment required with respect to others.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo dissertar sobre o solipsismo como problema filosófico e a tentativa de superação a partir da fenomenologia husserliana. Partiremos da análise do conceito de solipsismo e em seguida descrevemos o lugar que o mesmo ocupa nas filosofias de Agostinho, Descartes e Husserl. A seguir trataremos acerca da intersubjetividade em Husserl como tentativa de superação. Destacamos a importância da discussão que Husserl dá a questão do outro e, com isso, analisar com os pensadores Merleau-Ponty, Levinas e Waldenfels e a superação ética do solipsismo. Com vistas a atingir tal objetivo, faremos uma análise reconstrutiva e imanente, dividida em três partes, dos aspectos pertinentes para esta temática, bem como na literatura crítica disponível. Descreveremos a trajetória filosófica de Husserl, os aspectos básicos de sua fenomenologia no que concerne a questão do solipsismo e como é realizada a tentativa de superação por meio da intersubjetividade. Dessa forma, em um primeiro momento trataremos de tematizar o conceito de solipsismo em geral, perpassando pelas filosofias de cunho subjetivistas como Agostinho e Descartes. A seguir os conceitos centrais da fenomenologia serão analisados, assim como o distanciamento destes frente à tradição filosófica e sua possível resposta ao solipsismo. Ao final, analisaremos o modo como, a partir da proposta husserliana da intersubjetividade, é encaminhada a questão da intersubjetividade nas filosofias de Merleau-Ponty, Levinas e Bernhard Waldenfels a fim de superar a acusação de solipsista e colocar o tratamento ético necessário com relação a outrem.
Birk, Andrea. "Vom Verschwinden des Subjekts : eine historisch-systematische Untersuchung zur Solipsismusproblematik bei Wittgenstein /." Paderborn : mentis, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2776157&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textKessinger, Richard III. "The Solipsism of Daily Experience and the Unequal Body: The Social Construction of Ableness." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/844.
Full textMatter, Daniel. "O SOLIPSISMO NO TRACTATUS LOGICO-PHILOSOPHICUS DE WITTGENSTEINS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9157.
Full textA presente dissertação analisa o tema do solipsismo no Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus de Wittgenstein, explorando algumas possíveis interpretações e suas decorrências. O solipsismo é tido como verdadeiro e passível de coincidir com o realismo, mesmo não sendo possível de ser abordado pela linguagem com sentido, o que o faz transitar pelos campos do místico e do mostrável, onde nos deparamos com o sujeito metafísico, aquele que pensa, representa mas não existe como um objeto ao lado dos demais. Tentaremos mostrar não ser possível para o Wittgenstein do Tractatus fazer uso do termo solipsismo de uma forma usual, mas sim de uma forma diferenciada, onde possa ser concebível o eu (solipsismo) e o mundo (realismo) ao mesmo tempo e em harmonia, bem como a aceitação de outras mentes no mundo, podendo-se, assim, conhecer a verdade do solipsismo através do sentimento místico.
Monteil, Ariane. "Wittgenstein et l'héritage de Schopenhauer : de la contemplation du monde à l'expression de la vie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040072/document.
Full textWittgenstein and Schopenhauer’s meeting was inescapable in the ‘End-of-Century’ Vienna, fascinated by the German philosopher and tired by the demands of neo-kantian rationality, itself not immune to contradiction. But the herald of blind and pointless will left a burdening inheritance, in which the quest for the meaning of existence and the problems of identity interfered with the very strict conditions imposed upon the practice of thought and the forms of representation, which, in the modern culture, are dominated by the relentless search for causes and by the ideal of science. Wittgenstein’s ethical and esthetic demands lead him, in answer, to reveal the origins and the development of any intellectual and philosophical activity. At first, he follows Schopenhauer’s path for the intellect looking for objectivity and rest, that of the artist or the genius daring enough to tread at the limits of representation, in the pure contemplation of ideas. But this path comes very close to the frontiers of mental illness, and at any moment, the soothing of passive intellectual contemplation, detached from will, may fall in the chaos of a morbid form of worldly disengagement, that is, of a not merely theoretical solipsism, but also lived. Wittgenstein gradually identifies solipsism as the archetype of philosophical illness, leading his language games to come apart from the forms of life and instinctive behaviors which fostered them. His own philosophical calling is made manifest through this therapeutic process, which expresses a vigilant struggle against the reflexive temptations of intellect, and a humble return to language and action in ordinary life
Uçan, Timur. "La question du solipsisme dans les premiers travaux de Sartre et Wittgenstein." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30065.
Full textSolipsism was conceived as a preliminary to grounding knowledge in the seventeenth century. This doctrine suggested that, in order to achieve certainty, one had to temporarily admit the conceivability of doubt about the existence of other minds and the external world as a whole. The existence of the external world was then taken to be established by means of proofs of the existence of a unique creator, or assured by means of transcendental deduction. By comparison, nothing seems to prove the existence of others. On the one hand, nothing seems to count as proof a posteriori of the existence of others, for the doubt it would dispel cannot be grounded in experience. On the other hand, nor can a proof which would dispel such doubt be produced a priori, for the empirical and generalized absence of others is conceivable a posteriori. Thus, nothing seems to exclude the possibility of an a priori discovery of one’s unicity. This thesis endeavours to bring out the similarity of the treatment of this difficulty by Sartre and Wittgenstein. Each of these philosophers confronted the illusion of confinement that presupposes admitting the generalized absence of others. In Being and Nothingness, Sartre proposes a conceptual means to establish that the theoretical problem of the existence of other minds is a pseudo-problem. In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein proposes to dissolve the philosophical problems of the existence of the external world and the existence of other minds via reflexion on the intelligibility conditions of expression. Both cases involve dispelling the appearance that doubt about the world and other minds is possible and required. Not only that proof of the existence of other minds is impossible, it is also superfluous. To require such a proof therefore can lead to nothing but missing the obviousness of our commitments to others, and thereby to denying their existence
Reyes, Raimundo de María Mena. "A SUPERAÇÃO DO SOLIPSISMO EM SARTRE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9035.
Full textO texto discute em que medida Sartre consegue superar o solipsismo da consciência, interpretando os registros que compõem o conceito fenomenológico de Olhar, em O Ser e o Nada. Após definir o conceito de solipsismo, ficará em evidência a problemática que este implica e que, segundo Sartre, origina-se da noção de Cogito cartesiano. Mostra-se a construção histórico-conceitual da noção de Olhar e o papel que este conceito joga na medida que oferece uma evidência não cognitiva da existência do Outro. Avaliam-se as contribuições e malogros do uso do conceito de Olhar na tentativa sartreana de superação do solipsismo. Em conclusão, indica-se o alcance desse Cogito ampliado , como Sartre chama à experiência do Olhar. Fenomenologicamente, a existência do Outro resulta evidente. Porém, não se dá a mesma certeza no nível ontológico. Isso exigiria sair do Cogito, como ponto de partida do filosofar, mas Sartre não abre mão dessa perspectiva.
Subtil, Leonardo de Camargo. "A dinastia do solipsismo soberano na sociedade internacional." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3517.
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A proposta de abordagem do presente estudo pretende analisar o solipsismo soberano na sociedade internacional através das premissas político-jurídicas de Thomas Hobbes no contexto contemporâneo relativo à manutenção da paz e da segurança internacionais, sobretudo na análise do mundo pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, da Carta das Nações Unidas de 1945 e, por consequência, do principal órgão da referida instituição, o Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU). A partir da análise temporal centrada na passagem do jusnaturalismo à instituição de um sistema internacional de dominação política, demonstrar-se-á a estabilização do sistema político-internacional por meio das Resoluções e a manutenção do status quo mundial pela regra de unanimidade das grandes potências (direito de veto), apresentando as dimensões de instrumentalização do poder nas relações internacionais, inseridos claramente na perspectiva hobbesiana. Em tal concepção, o Direito Internacional Público assume mínimas funções instrumentais de garantia de paz e de segurança, com vistas à salvaguarda da temporalidade estável do Leviatã mundial hobbesiano. Além disso, demarcando os Direitos Humanos como legitimação por eloquência, a retórica jurídico-minimalista apresentada pelos discursos contemporâneos na política global resta constatada, o que torna a pesquisa, muito além de uma observação e de uma descrição do sistema político-internacional a partir de categorias de Thomas Hobbes, uma articulação perceptiva e reflexiva do despotismo e das controvérsias arrojadas nos processos de manutenção da paz e da segurança internacionais.
The main approach of this study intends to analyze the sovereign solipsism in the international society through the political and legal premises of Thomas Hobbes, in the contemporary context related to the maintenance of international peace and security, particularly in the analysis of the post World War II scenario, as well as the Charter of the United Nations (1945) and, moreover, the main body of that institution: the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). From the temporal analysis focused on the passage of natural law to the establishment of an international system of political domination, it will be demonstrated that the stabilization of the international-political system occurs through Resolutions and the maintenance of the global status quo through the great owers’ unanimity rule (veto right), showing the dimensions of the instrumentalization of power in the international relations field, clearly inserted in a Hobbesian perspective. In this conception, Public International Law assumes minimal and instrumental functions of maintaining peace and security, in a stable temporal safeguarding view of the Hobbesian Leviathan. Moreover, marking Human Rights as a legitimation for eloquence, the rhetoric presented by legal and minimalist contemporary discourses on global politics remains questioned, making the research a perceptive and thoughtful articulation of despotism and the controversies found within the process of maintaining peace and international security, well beyond the observation and description of the political-international system through Thomas Hobbes categories.
Tomm, Davi Alexandre. "Paradoxos ficcionais : literatura, solipsismo e esquizofrenia em Wittegenstein's mistress." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140283.
Full textThis M.A. thesis analyses Wittgenstein‟s Mistress (1988), a book written by the American author David Markson (1927-2010), whose text is narrated, in the first person, by a woman who calls herself Kate. Declaring that she is the last remaining person alive in the world, Kate sits in front of her typewriter, in a house on a beach somewhere, revisiting her recollections and her travels. Memory and imagination are mixed in such a way that Kate leaves us, the readers, without a solid basis to separate reality from delusion. The focus of my research is the analysis of the paradoxal structure of this text that cannot sets up a fictional world in a concrete way. We cannot find a fictional world in which the narrator lives and so we cannot really know what happens or not happens to her. This effect exists mainly in a schizophrenic style which will be related to the reflections and observations made by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein about the ―sicknesses of the understanding‖ – which according to professor of clinical psychology and writer Louis A. Sass, come close to the realm of schizophrenia. The aim of this research is to examine the imbrications respecting the fictional language of Markson‘s book and the extratextual reality. This will be done through a Wittgensteinian perspective of language as something absorbed in our form of life, and grounded in practices and mores shared by society. The analysis will show that even in a text in which that schizophrenic style prevails, which makes language close itself in the internal world of the character and the text, there is still the possibility to break with this textual solipsism and connect language to the intersubjective and communal sphere. This break can only occur through the presentation (or exteriorization) of experiences that depend on a trust in language as a social practice immersed in our form of life, and on the trust in the practice of telling stories.
Burback, Kyle. "Expanded and Integrated Entries from the Orthogonal Encyclopedia on Nature." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors149277574680419.
Full textSchaffner, Marc. "Kierkegaard, Stirner, Sade : individu et solipsisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAC025.
Full textSolipsism is very widely considered as a big philosophical joke, because it is untenable as a definitive existential position or as a behaviour congruent with the reality of the human life. However, in the writings of the occidental philosophers about the individual such as Søren Kierkegaard, Max Stirner and the marquis de Sade, the process of becoming an individual goes hand in hand with a solipsism which leads to more radicalisation, or even to the absolute egoism or to a methodological inward-looking attitude. The association of the 3 authors actually allows the elaboration of a concept of solispsim which has several forms : it is psychological, political and religious. It goes through the phases of existence and the search of faith in the specific interiority of Kierkegaard's work, holds a central position in the evil doctrin of Sade's smutty characters and opposes the indiviual to the State in the individualist anarchism of Max Stirner
Naseri, Sis Farzaneh. "Iris Murdoch." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610506/index.pdf.
Full texts fiction has been influenced by dramatic elements, particularly comic elements. This influence has been revealed as parody. Murdoch parodies the comic character types of the eiron, alazon, buffoon and agroikos by exaggerating and mixing their functions and themes of love, separated lovers and metamorphosis in her novels, The Nice and the Good, The Black Prince, and The Sea, The Sea. In addition, she makes parodic uses of Shakespearean plays, As You Like It and Love'
s Labour'
s Lost, Hamlet, and The Tempest, in her novels in question. Her use of parody as a weapon against the genre of romantic comedy, its character types and main themes is the result of her philosophical view of drama and the dramatic. She argues that comedy and tragedy deal with appearance whereas drama and the dramatic ought to involve reality. In her novels in question, she shows that the dramatic is the conflict of selfish self with itself to reach self-knowledge. Murdochian self- knowledge is the knowledge of what lies beyond self. This kind of knowledge is achieved by unselfing, a process through which a solipsistic self recognizes its solipsism and challenges it by means of love and art.
DeForest, William R. "Solipsis." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1327426441.
Full textJonsson, Linnea. "Femtio nyanser av vitt : Sociologisk studie om relationen mellan utbudet av foundation och normer om vithet." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64604.
Full textUppsatsen undersöker hur utbud av foundation i en svensk småstad kan förstås i relation till normer om vithet. Utbudet hos samtliga butiker i staden har räknats. För att förtydliga vilka hudfärger som analyseras i uppsatsen används som analysverktyg en ”karta” över hudfärger, avsedd för konsumenter att finna sin rätta foundation utifrån vilken hudfärg som mest liknar sin egen. Teoridelen innehåller tidigare studier som anses vara relevanta analysverktyg för att kunna besvara syftet. Inläsning av studier om vithetsnorm samt inläsning av historia har ansetts relevant för att förstå de strukturer och relationer som har inverkan på normer om vithet. Teoridelen sammanfattar och presenterar därför relevant historia, om hur föreställningen om svensken som vit skapats och presenterar olika diskurser som skapar och reproducerar vithet. Resultatet visar att en procent av utbudet riktas till mörkhyade medan 99 procent är för ljus hy. Cirkeldiagram och tabeller över utbudet av foundation skapades för att tydliggöra redovisning av resultatet. Socialt skapade strukturer om svensken som vit syns tydligt i resultatet. Resultatet förstås i relation till de strukturer som skapas socialt för att producera och reproducera vithetsnormen. Genom ett nästan uteslutande av mörkhyade tolkas resultatet som en föreställning om svensken som vit och att det är en rådande vithetsnorm som påverkar utbudet. Den historiska kontexten påverkar därmed parallellt med de rådande diskurser som avgör vad vitheten gör. Studien anser därmed ha besvarat sina frågeställningar om hur utbudet av foundation kan förstås i relation till vithetsnorm.
Sensi, Tiziano. "La filosofia pratica di Giovanni Gentile (1931-1943)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/128669.
Full textDeery, Michael A. ""On the brink of the waters of life and truth, we are miserably dying" Ralph Waldo Emerson as a predecessor to deconstruction and postmodernism /." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=csu1251333951.
Full textAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
Santos, Júnior Rosivaldo Toscano dos. "O judiciário entre a vontade de poder e o controle remoto judicial: uma resposta hermenêutica." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4044.
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O estudo investiga duas posturas que deformam a interpretação do direito no Brasil e propõe a solução para resolver esse problema. Identifica, em ambas, o decisionismo fundado na vontade de poder, rompendo-se a normatividade. Na cúpula, sob a ideia do Judiciário como corporação, e a pretexto de maior eficiência, mas na vontade do Mercado, são importados institutos que, pretensamente, seriam da common law, mas que estão fora do contexto de sua criação e são aplicados de maneira deturpada, ou por não guardarem as especificidade do caso concreto ou por se descolarem na normatividade, constituem exercício escamoteado da vontade de poder. Súmulas, vinculantes ou não, e pretensos precedentes geram violência contra a independência funcional do magistrado de instâncias inferiores e contra as partes, pois a atribuição de sentidos não advém do caso concreto. Nas bases do Judiciário, nosso estudo investiga a predominância da aceitação acrítica e obediente desse common law à brasileira, expresso em súmulas e em enunciados assertóricos abstratizados. Criam-se mimetismos. Contudo, nossa formação histórica autoritária e estamental impede a percepção de que há uma diferença ontológica entre potestas e potentia - de que um não subsiste sem ou outro sem que se torne poder ilegítimo. Assim, nas bases o fenômeno do decisionismo subsiste como prática suplementar, numa aprendizagem por observação das cúpulas - a modelagem, criando-se ou se aderindo a princípios ad-hoc e a conceitos assertóricos. Tanto verticalmente (hierarquização - solipsismo da cúpula para as bases) quanto horizontalmente (solipsismo pelas bases), rompe-se a autonomia do direito, seja pela política, seja pela economia. "Liberdade do intérprete" como pretexto para a libertinagem normativa. "Eficiência econômica" como deficiência normativa. Outrora, o discurso patrimonialista em prol dos estamentos. Hoje, o discurso econômico neoliberal. Invade-se o direito pela economia, dessa vez em forma de Cavalo-de-Tróia: a análise econômica do direito - AED. Substitui-se a normatividade pelo utilitarismo mercadológico. Os pré-juízos inautênticos que sustentam essa dupla deformação hermenêutica nascem de um condicionamento operante (estímulo-reforço) dos profissionais do direito, desde os bancos de faculdade até a atividade profissional e, atingindo, em especial, seu principal destinatário: o magistrado. Esse discurso de poder produz realidades - tetos epistemológicos que encobrem o fato de que: a) só há interpretação no caso concreto porque não existem conceitos desprovidos de faticidade; b) não cabe argumento de autoridade para além da normatividade; c) a importação de teorias estrangeiras precisa sofrer um processo de compatibilização com nossa realidade jurídica, social, política e econômica. A partir do giro ontológico-linguístico, com a superação do esquema sujeito-objeto da filosofia da consciência e a consideração da diferença ontológica (ser e ente; texto e norma), dá-se o desvelamento da interpretação como existencial, e de que os sentidos não advêm da vontade do sujeito autônomo da modernidade, mas de uma intersubjetividade, de uma verdade que advém da fusão de horizontes dentro de uma tradição, bem como da importância da integridade e coerência do direito. A resposta constitucionalmente correta não pode depender da consciência do juiz, do livre convencimento, da busca da "verdade real". Decidir não é, definitivamente, escolher.
The study investigates two positions that distort the interpretation of law in Brazil and proposes a solution to solve this problem. Identifies, in both, the decisionism founded on the will to power, breaking up normativity. The idea of the judiciary as a corporation dominates the Supreme Court and the National Council of Justice. They imports institutes that would be the common law. Except that out of context, under the guise of efficiency and in accordance with the will of the market. Are concealed exercise of will power for neglecting the specificity of the case and normativity. Dockets, binding or not, and pseudoprecedents would generate violence against the functional independence of the judges of low courts and against the litigants because the attribution of meaning doesn’t comes the case. In the basis of the judiciary, our study investigates the prevalence of uncritical and obedient to this “Brasilian’s common law”, expressed in dockets and abstract statements. It creates memes. However, our national government history was authoritative and the states interrupts the perception that there is an ontological difference between potestas and potentia – that one can not exist without the other, or without it becoming illegitimate power. Thus, on the basis, the decisionism phenomenon subsists as an extra practice in a learning by observation of summit - modeling, creating or sticking to ad-hoc principles and abstracts concepts. Both vertically (hierarchical - solipsism from supreme court to the basis) and horizontally (on the low courts), it breaks up the autonomy of law, whether in politics and in the economy. “Freedom of the interpreter” as a pretext for libertinism of rules. “Economic efficiency” as disabiliting rules. Erstwhile, speaking on behalf of the casts. Today, neoliberal economic discourse. The economy invades the law, this time in the form of Trojan horse: the Economic Analysis of Law. Replaces up normativity by merchandising utilitarianism. The inauthentic prejudice that sustain this double deformation of hermeneutic born from a operant conditioning (stimulus-reinforcement) of legal practitioners from college to professional activity, and reaching, in particular, its main destination: the judges. This discourse of power produces realities - epistemological ceilings that hide the fact that: a) there is only interpretation in this case because there are no concepts without facticity; b) does not fit the argument from authority beyond normativity; c) the importation of foreign theories must undergo a process of 13 reconciling with our legal, social, political and economic reality. From the ontological-linguistic turn, with the overcoming of the subject-object scheme of the philosophy of consciousness and consideration of the ontological difference (between Being and beings, and text and norm), there is the unveiling of interpretation as existential and the senses will not come from the autonomous subject of modernity, but under intersubjectivity, a truth that comes from the fusion of horizons within a tradition as well as the importance of integrity and coherence of the law. The constitutionally correct answer can not depend on awareness of the judge, the free conviction or from search of the “real truth”. Deciding is not choose, definitely.
SOUZA, José Paulo Maldonado de. "O Solipsismo de Evaldo Coutinho." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPE, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/14044.
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O objetivo se divide em duas partes. A primeira, uma análise sistemática da produção e recepção da obra de Evaldo Coutinho, cujos resultados podem ser consultados principalmente no Apêndice A. A segunda, a interpretação do solipsismo evaldiano, de um ponto de vista ontológico, como um monismo imanentista subjetivista. Para a consecução deste objetivo é necessário: a) a vinculação da obra evaldiana ao vocabulário da metafísica do século XVII, especialmente ao subjetivismo e à teoria da substância como independência ontológica; b) a interpretação da dúplice noção criacionista envolvida na relação existenciadorexistenciamento, a saber, a criação do demiurgo e a criação do Deus da Bíblia, e; c) a comparação estrutural do sistema espinosano ao sistema da ordem fisionômica. O resultado esperado é uma nova definição da especificidade ontológica do solipsismo evaldiano, que a diferencia de todas as outras teorias da substância e lança novas luzes sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos comentadores anteriores.
Dini, Filho Renê Hamilton. "Heidegger e o problema do solipsismo existencial." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93223.
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Este trabalho procura mostrar uma leitura que Habermas faz da proposta de superação da metafísica realizada por Heidegger. Esta leitura conduz à idéia de que tal empreendimento leva a um solipsismo existencial, devido à centralização das relações no ser-aí. Assim, Heidegger retornaria a um projeto de cunho metafísico. Habermas pretende fazer a crítica à subjetividade por meio do conceito de intersubjetividade. Para expor esta crítica foi necessário explicar conceitos centrais, como racionalidade, pragmática e consenso. Habermas procura aprimorar a corrente hermenêutica por meio de avanços realizados pela corrente semântica, culminando na proposta de um mundo de vida linguisticamente interpretado, entendido pragmaticamente. Porém, se por um lado o projeto heideggeriano gerou o problema do solipsimo existencial, por outro, de modo equivalente, a proposta habermasiana levou-o ao dilema da superação do "abismo" entre verdade e justificação, o qual somente pôde ser resolvido com a assimilação dos conceitos de realismo mínimo e naturalismo fraco.
Francisco, De Arruda Júnior Gerson. "Solipsismo e realismo no Tractatus de Ludwig Wittgenstein: O Solipsismo, levado às ultimas conseqüências, coincide com o puro realismo." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6053.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Esta dissertação analisa a abordagem que Wittgenstein faz ao problema do solipsismo na obra Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Toda a investigação aqui envolvida tem como objetivo principal entender o aparente paradoxo expresso na frase inicial do aforismo tractatiano 5.64: "o solipsismo, levado às últimas conseqüências, coincide com o puro realismo". Para cumprir essa tarefa, apresenta-se, inicialmente, uma caracterização geral do Tractatus com vistas a situar o grupo de aforismos que compõem a seção do solipsismo na estrutura argumentativa dessa obra. Num segundo momento, trata-se dos limites da linguagem e do mundo e do que, para Wittgenstein, é a verdade do solipsismo. Nessa ocasião, a ênfase é dada à teoria pictórica da proposição e à doutrina da distinção entre o dizer e o mostrar, que está no cerne da análise wittgensteiniana da questão do solipsismo. Em seguida, examina-se a noção tractatiana de sujeito. Destacam-se aqui: (1) os argumentos utilizados por Wittgenstein para negar a existência de sujeitos empíricos capazes de fazer representações do mundo; e (2) a existência de um sujeito metafísico como limite do mundo e, portanto, como condição de possibilidade para que as proposições da linguagem adquiram seu sentido na projeção lingüística do mundo. Por fim, mostra-se como foi possível a Wittgenstein afirmar o aparente paradoxo que conduziu toda essa pesquisa. Ressalta-se que essa afirmação nada mais é do que uma conseqüência necessária de toda a proposta filosófica do Tractatus
Yilmaz, Zeliha Burcu. "How Does Consciousness Exist?a Comparative Inquiry On Classical Empiricism And William James." Master's thesis, METU, 2001. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607646/index.pdf.
Full texts philosophy presents a more plausible explanation of our thinking than rationalism and empiricism, since it can appreciate the changes of our life in an unfinished world of pure experience. Therefore, my inquiry into the existence of consciousness in James depends on this plausibility of the main characteristics of radical empiricism in connection with the classical empiricists.
Yilmaz, Zeliha burcu. "How does consciousness exist? a comparative inquiry on classical empiricism and william james." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607658/index.pdf.
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s philosophy presents a more plausible explanation of our thinking than rationalism and empiricism, since it can appreciate the changes of our life in an unfinished world of pure experience. Therefore, my inquiry into the existence of consciousness in James depends on this plausibility of the main characteristics of radical empiricism in connection with the classical empiricists.
Crosato, Carlo <1988>. "Dialogare con il solipsista - Dall'élenchos all'intersoggettività." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2721.
Full textDe, Wet Karen. "ARS Poetiese Solipsisme : 'n Padkaart van Joan Hambidge se Poesie." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67280.
Full textAfrikaans: In hierdie studie is 'n ondersoek geloods na die aard, hoedanighede en karaktertrekke van Joan Hambidge se poesie. Deur die loop van sewe hoofstukke is hierdie opgawe vooropgestel. Ten einde ondersoek te kan instel na wat poesie is (na aanleiding van Eliot en Aristoteles se uitsprake) is daar in hoofstuk twee gepaste werkbegrippe ge1dentifiseer waaruit die studie 'n eie 'ars teoretika' kon saamstel. Die begrippe 'ars poetika' (as die digter se individuele maakmetode), · solipsisme' (as 'n essensieel self-gerigte denkrigting), 'metapoesie' (as noodwendige poetiese manifestering van 'n bemoeienis met 'n self-gerigte ars poetika), en · intratekstuali tei t' (as logiese gevolg by poesie wat op sigself gerig is) word binne die studie se spesifieke gebruiksfeer gedefinieer en saamgesnoer. Aan die einde van hoofstuk twee is daar dus in die studie 'n eie teoretiese poetika saamgestel aan die hand waarvan die aard van Hambidge se poesie beskryf kan word as ars poeties en solipsisties (en daarom narcisties), met 'n metapoetiese neiging, en gevolglik met 'n intratekstuele geaardheid. In die res van die studie word hierdie kenmerke (wat die aard van Joan Hambidge se poesie beskryf) aangewend om aan te dui watter vorm die poetiese handeling aanneem, en wat die uitkoms hiervan is. In hoofstuk 3 word daar aan die hand van die programgedig getoon hoe die ars poeties solipsistiese aard van die poesie in Harts)rrif na vore kom. Veral die Hambidge-procede van 'woordkiekies' aanbied as gedigte, YJY hier aandag. Hoofstuk 4 berus op 'n analise van Bitterlemoene se 'Ars poetica' CB: 31) en · Ars erotica' CB: 57). Aan die hand van hierdie gedigte word die manifestering van die 'kuns-van-poesie' ondersoek. Uit die ondersoek kom dit na vore dat die poesie hier die vorm van 'n teenvoeter vir verganklikheid word, veral op grond daarvan dat die poesie die geliefde word, en dat dit daarom 'n oorlewingsdaad is. n Belangrike uitgangspunt van die studie is die feit oat dit primer fokus op wat daar in die poesie oor poesie gese word. In hoofstuk 5 word hierdie doel veral nagestreef wanneer daar aan die hand van Die auatomie van melancholie en Palinodes 'n 'padkaart van poesie' aangeteken word. Die palinodiese 'vorm' van Hambidge se poesie, kom ook in hierdie hoofstuk ter sprake.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1990.
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McNeill, Hallie S. "D is for the most cherished sense (whence it comes and wither it goes)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4901.
Full textPaquette, Eric. "De la solitude transcendantale : recherches sur l'égologie solipsiste husserlienne." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100029.
Full textThe "triadic" determination of basic concepts of husserl's solipsistic egology constitutes the main purpose of these investigations. Assuming that transcendental consciousness is identically the "trine unity" of the ego-cogito-cogitatum, one must see the pure ego itself, not as an inward centre (formal, noematic, or substantial), but rather as an irreducible triadic structure (i. E. , an ego-cogito-cogitatum). This leads not only to the development of the idea of an "ecstatic mobility of the ego", but also to the assertion of the "paradoxal identity" of the transcendental and the natural subject
Hugo, Johan. "The other before us? : A Deleuzean critique of phenomenological intersubjectivity /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1044.
Full textMarrou, Élise. "Solipsisme(s) : la résistance d'un problème dans la pensée de Wittgenstein." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010712.
Full textGreen, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Aesthetic Excuses and Moral Crimes: The Convergence of Morality and Aesthetics in Nabokov's Lolita." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272006-134431/.
Full textTitle from title screen. Paul Schmidt, committee chair ; Marti Singer, Chris Kocela, committee members. Electronic text (60 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-64).
Zucatti, Tommaso. "I problemi del fondamento e della genesi delle azioni collettive nel sistema filosofico di John Searle." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/351220.
Full textFajardo, Tiffany L. "The World in Singing Made: David Markson's "Wittgenstein's Mistress"." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1861.
Full textTechio, Jônadas. "Solipsismo, solidão e finitude : algumas lições de Strawson, Wittgenstein e Cavell sobre metafísica e método filosófico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21578.
Full textThis study consists of five essays which are nearly self-contained, yet written with a common goal, which will be pursued by various routes—namely, the exploration of a core of philosophical problems having to do with the possibility, and the very intelligibility, of solipsism. The results obtained in these essays, as well as the paths leading to them, are intended to serve as examples from which some general lessons about the philosophical method, and about human nature itself, are to be drawn. The procedure adopted for that end consists in reading a set of writings by contemporary philosophers who have thought deeply about solipsism—most notably Peter Strawson, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell. The central thesis to which I seek to provide support through those readings is that solipsism is an intellectualized response, and a radical one at that, to a set of practical or existential difficulties related to the finitude of the human condition. (Those same difficulties may as well promt less radical responses, which are expressed by other “philosophical positions”—or so I shall try to show.) Being subjected to those difficulties implies being permanently subjected to the threat of loneliness, of privacy, of loosing attunement with the world and others. To acknowledge and to take seriously the possibility of that threat means to acknowledge that we are responsible, individually and unpredictably, for coming to grips with it (a point which is noted, but overrated, by the skeptic, who takes our limits as limitations), as well as acknowledging the strength of the (all-too-human) temptation of trying to repress it (as does the dogmatic/metaphysical realist) or to sublimate it (as does the idealist / solipsist). To seek an attitude open to the acknowledgement that our experience is essentially limited and conditioned—in particular, by the fact that we have bodies, and with them wills, desires, fears, fixations and feelings that we do not choose, and which inform our rationality and shape our attitudes toward the world and others—is part of the continuous task of accepting our finitude, a goal toward which I claim to have taken some preliminary steps with this study.
Frenette, Simon-Xavier. "Étude du solipsisme dans "L'avalée des avalés" et "L'Océantume" de Réjean Ducharme, suivie du récit "Le Glacier"." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Find full textBirk, Andrea. "Vom Verschwinden des Subjekts eine historisch-systematische Untersuchung zur Solipsismusproblematik bei Wittgenstein." Paderborn Mentis, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2776157&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textFrenette, Simon-Xavier. "Étude du solipsisme dans "L'avalée des avalés" et "L'Océantume" de Réjean Ducharme, suivie du récit "Le Glacier"." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2320.
Full textFurlan, Ben Hur Canabarro. "O microcosmos : a questão do solipsismo no Tractatus Logico-philosophicus de Wittgenstein (uma interpretação da seção 5.6)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25413.
Full textFoussier, Francine. "Le problème d'autrui chez Sartre : de la réfutation du solipsisme à la question de la solitude existentielle." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR2006.
Full textThe analysis of "being for others" in "l'etre et le neant" demonstrates that the rebuttal of solipsism is paradoxically based on a non-intersubjectivity which renders impossible an ontological "mitsein" and which leaves the consciousnesses radically divided. Several years later, however, the "critique de la raison dialectique" discussed the construction of the human group which would assume possible the existence of a "being together". The study of the basis of this "being together" lead to the clear emergence of consciousnesses which, being practical, allow active integration of everyone without, however, passing beyond non-intersubjectivity. From this particular point of view, the comparison of the two works leads to a conclusion in favour of a metamorphosis of the sartrian school of thought rather than a rupture or a continuation
CICCARELLA, MARCO. "Idee per una fenomenologia dell΄immanenza: la costituzione intersoggettiva della validità in Husserl." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/660.
Full textThis work analyses the problem of intersubjective constitution of validity in the husserlian phenomenology and the verifiability of a immanence-transcendence dynamics that, starting from Ich-Pol, tries to solve itself in the Alter. The analysis would show the difficulties of this dynamics towards transcendence, confining Ego in an absolute immanence. This is clear towards Ideen I, in whitch is present the complementarity between eidetic intuition and Einfühlung. Here, Husserl shows his model of intersubjective constitution, as thread of phenomenolology. This inquiry would to evidence the exclusive character of a phenomenology of immanence that has difficulties to develop on a transcendent plane, compromising the inter-relationship between Ego and Alter, and expecially the intermonadic constitution of the truth.
Eble, Bruno. "Spéculations sur la spécularité : au delà d'une théorie du pli replié." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010514.
Full textSilveira, Luiz Fernando Castilhos. "Raciocínio e argumentação jurídicos e a dicotomia 'descoberta versus justificação': compreensão, cognição e comunicação em Bernard Lonergan como via para pensar a questão do solipsismo." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2424.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho trata de uma investigação de aspectos do raciocínio e argumentação jurídicos, tomados como caso particular do raciocínio e argumentação em geral enquanto elementos necessários à produção de conhecimento (jurídico ou qualquer outro). Uma das premissas da pesquisa diz respeito ao fato de que raciocínio ou argumentação jurídicos compreendem mais do que aquilo comumente atribuído pelos juristas a esses campos. Concepções tradicionais, via de regra calcadas em uma racionalidade típica da modernidade, se reportam ao Direito como interpretação (de normas, regras, leis, princípios, ou de fatos juridicamente relevantes, e assim por diante) e aplicação (dos mesmos elementos, subsumindo uns aos outros); o papel do processo seria o de permitir que se reconstrua os fatos, por meio da prova e dos argumentos das partes, sendo que a função do julgador seria a de, abstendo-se da discussão, dizer o Direito com base nesses elementos (normas mais fatos). Pode-se dizer, caricatamente, que argumentação seria toma
Sousa, Ileide Sampaio de. "Tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e conflitos com o vértice do ordenamento jurídico nacional: atualização do princípio pro homine na ponderação de colisões normativas que envolvam direitos humanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12818.
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The use of the principle in international Pro Homine weighting rules involving the contents of human rights as an instrument of abandoning formalistic criteria for setting hierarchical rules - having understood the dynamic character of the legal system, and not just static staggered. The perpecpção that humanity historically and psychologically, is animated by universal ideals with intent, and, although the same can not be defended in a uniform way, are always being recreated. The analysis of the case law of the Supreme Court from the classical analysis of the resolution of normative conflicts between International Treaties on Human Rights and National Constitution upon theses Monist and Dualist, and the status conferred to these international treaties, especially after the Constitutional Amendment . 45 of 30 December 2004, which led to the innovative thesis status supralegalidade and discussion on the materials and formal constitutionalization of International Treaties on Human Rights. The contribution of the New Grammar and Hermeneutics Dieito the Constitution and with the acceptance of normative principles, revolutionizing the hermetic classic classical theory of legal origin kelseniana. The displacement of the normative focus dedutico legalistic, with the call neoconstitutionalism and hard cases, where the norm in theory contribute little to resolve the collision of norms of open texture as are the standards of human rights and fundamental. The emergence of the concept of Weighting Principles and collision with the link of a methodical differentiated emphasizes that the court decision and not a normative position of a legal text, and the advancement of the standard more favorable to the victim use originally in current international treaties on Human Rights , which led to the abandonment of international law conflicting with national and made room for the use of Pro Homine Principle. The perception that the Principle of Proportionality can be driven by a fourth dimension or subprinciple, besides those already existing: appropriateness, necessity and proportionality stricto sensu. May be, in case of collisions involving normative standards of human rights, waived the formal analysis of hierarchical criterion of source, using the Principle Pro Homine to determine if it is applied to the standard that best protects the human being.
A utilização do Princípio internacional Pro Homine na ponderação de normas que envolvam o conteúdo dos Direitos humanos como instrumento de abandono do critério formalista de fixação hierárquica de normas – tendo compreendido o caráter dinâmico do ordenamento jurídico, e não apenas estático escalonado. Apresentação da Internacionalização do Direito, até o enfrentamento das teses multiculturalistas levantadas pelo debate Pós-moderno do relativismo. A perpecpção de que a humanidade, histórica e psicologicamente, é animada por ideais com intenção universal, e, ainda que os mesmos não possam ser defendidos de maneira uniforme, sempre estarão sendo recriados. A análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir da análise clássica da resolução de conflitos normativos entre Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos e Constituição Nacional, mediante as teses Monista e Dualista, e os status conferidos a estes Tratados internacionais, principalmente após a Emenda Constitucional n. 45 de 30 de dezembro de 2004, que levou à inovadora tese do status de supralegalidade e a discussão sobre a constitucionalização material e formal dos Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. A contribuição da Nova Gramática e Hermenêutica do Direito e da Constituição com a aceitação da normatividade dos Princípios, revolucionando o hermetismo clássico da teoria do ordenamento jurídico clássica de origem kelseniana. O deslocamento do foco normativo dedutivo legalista, com o chamado Neoconstitucionalismo e os hard cases, nos quais a norma em tese pouco contribuiria para resolução da colisão de normas de textura aberta como são as normas de Direitos humanos e de Direitos fundamentais. O surgimento do conceito de Ponderação e Colisão de Princípios com o enlace de uma metódica diferenciada que enfatiza a decisão judicial e não a posição normativa de um texto jurídico, e o avanço da norma mais favorável à vítima de uso originalmente corrente nos Tratados internacionais de Direitos Humanos, que motivaram o abandono do Direito Internacional conflitante com o nacional e abriram espaço para utilização do Princípio Pro Homine. A percepção de que o Princípio da Proporcionalidade pode ser orientado por uma quarta dimensão ou subprincípio, além dos já existentes: adequação, necessidade e proporcionalidade stricto sensu. Podendo ser, em caso de colisões normativas que envolvam normas de Direitos humanos, dispensada a análise do critério hierárquico formal da fonte, utilizando o Princípio Pro Homine para determinar que seja aplicada ao caso a norma que melhor proteja o ser humano.