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Journal articles on the topic 'Solitaire bridge'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Hendricks, Paul, Joseph Johnson, Susan Lenard, and Coburn Currier. "Use of a Bridge for Day Roosting by the Hoary Bat, Lasiurus cinereus." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i1.92.

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The Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) is a migratory species with the widest distribution of all New World bats. It is a solitary species that roosts during the day and night primarily among tree foliage. During a survey of 130 highway structures (bridges and culverts) in south central Montana for evidence of use by bats, we discovered a female Hoary Bat with young in mid July 2003 using a wooden bridge as a day roost. This is the first report of Hoary Bats using a bridge as roosting habitat.

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2

Mazinani, Iman, Mohammad Mohsen Sarafraz, Zubaidah Ismail, Ahmad Mustafa Hashim, Mohammad Reza Safaei, and Somchai Wongwises. "Fluid-structure interaction computational analysis and experiments of tsunami bore forces on coastal bridges." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 31, no. 5 (March 22, 2021): 1373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-02-2019-0127.

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Purpose Two disastrous Tsunamis, one on the west coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, in 2004 and another in North East Japan in 2011, had seriously destroyed a large number of bridges. Thus, experimental tests in a wave flume and a fluid structure interaction (FSI) analysis were constructed to gain insight into tsunami bore force on coastal bridges. Design/methodology/approach Various wave heights and shallow water were used in the experiments and computational process. A 1:40 scaled concrete bridge model was placed in mild beach profile similar to a 24 × 1.5 × 2 m wave flume for the experimental investigation. An Arbitrary Lagrange Euler formulation for the propagation of tsunami solitary and bore waves by an FSI package of LS-DYNA on high-performance computing system was used to evaluate the experimental results. Findings The excellent agreement between experiments and computational simulation is shown in results. The results showed that the fully coupled FSI models could capture the tsunami wave force accurately for all ranges of wave heights and shallow depths. The effects of the overturning moment, horizontal, uplift and impact forces on a pier and deck of the bridge were evaluated in this research. Originality/value Photos and videos captured during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and the 2011 Japan tsunami showed solitary tsunami waves breaking offshore, along with an extremely turbulent tsunami-induced bore propagating toward shore with significantly higher velocity. Consequently, the outcomes of this current experimental and numerical study are highly relevant to the evaluation of tsunami bore forces on the coastal, over sea or river bridges. These experiments assessed tsunami wave forces on deck pier showing the complete response of the coastal bridge over water.

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3

Istrati, Denis, Ian G. Buckle, Pedro Lomonaco, Solomon Yim, and Ahmad Itani. "TSUNAMI INDUCED FORCES IN BRIDGES: LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS AND THE ROLE OF AIR-ENTRAPMENT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.30.

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In this study large scale hydraulic experiments of tsunami waves impacting a straight composite I-girder bridge were conducted in the LWF at Oregon State University. Both solitary waves and turbulent bores were tested and the experimental results revealed the existence of 4 different phases in the vertical force histories, among which is (i) a phase with a large applied moment and bridge rotation at the time of the first impact of the tsunami bore on the bridge, and (ii) a phase with a governing uplift mode of the bridge during the passage of the wave through the bridge. The first phase introduced the largest tensile forces in the offshore bearings and must be considered in order to prevent the progressive damage of bearings. In addition, the air-entrapment occurring in bridges with diaphragms was seen to (a) alter significantly the pattern of the applied pressures on the girders and below the deck in the internal chambers, (b) consistently increase the total uplift forces for all examined wave heights, and (3) cause a complex nonlinear wave-air interaction phenomenon with significant 3D effects.

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4

Moideen, Rameeza, Manasa Ranjan Behera, Arun Kamath, and Hans Bihs. "NUMERICAL MODELLING OF SOLITARY AND FOCUSED WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL-BRIDGE DECK." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.12.

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In the recent past, coastal bridges have been subjected to critical damage due to extreme wave attacks during natural calamities like storm surge and tsunami. Various numerical and experimental studies have suggested different empirical equations for wave impact on deck. However, they do not account the velocities of the wave type properly, which requires a detailed investigation to study the impact of extreme waves on decks. Solitary wave assumption is more suitable for shallow water waves, while the focused wave has been used widely to represent extreme waves. The present study aims to investigate the focused wave impact on coastal bridge deck using REEF3D (Bihs et al., 2016).

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5

Moideen, Rameeza, Manasa Ranjan Behera, Arun Kamath, and Hans Bihs. "Effect of Girder Spacing and Depth on the Solitary Wave Impact on Coastal Bridge Deck for Different Airgaps." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050140.

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Coastal bridge damage has become a severe issue of concern in the recent past with the destruction of a considerable number of bridges under the impact of waves during tsunami and storm surges. These events have become more frequent, with waves reaching the bridge deck and causing upliftment and destruction. Past studies have demonstrated the establishment of various theoretical equations which works well for the submerged deck and regular wave types but show much scatter and uncertainty in case of a deck that is above still water level (SWL). The present study aims to generate a solitary wave to represent an extreme wave condition like a tsunami in the numerical wave tank modeled using the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model REEF3D and to study the vertical impact force on the coastal bridge deck. A parametric study is carried out for increasing wave heights, girders spacing and depth for varying airgaps to analyze the effect of these parameters on the peak vertical impact force. It is observed that increasing the girder spacing and girder depth is effective in reducing the peak vertical impact force for the cases considered.

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6

Pan, Ruihua, and Melvin T. Tyree. "How does water flow from vessel to vessel? Further investigation of the tracheid bridge concept." Tree Physiology 39, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 1019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz015.

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Abstract Hydraulic safety and efficiency have become the central concept of the interpretation of the structure and function of vessels and their interconnections. Plants form an appropriate xylem network structure to maintain a balance of hydraulic safety vs efficiency. The term ‘tracheid bridge’ is used to describe a possible pathway of water transport between neighboring vessels via tracheids, and this pathway could also provide increased safety against embolisms. However, the only physiological study of such a structure thus far has been in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. To test the function of tracheid bridges, this research examined four species that have relatively long and solitary vessels, which are two of the criteria for efficient tracheid bridges. Tracheids contributed less than 2.2% of the total conductance of the vessels in these species, but in theory, tracheids could serve as very efficient transport connector pathways that may or may not make direct vessel-to-vessel contact via pit fields between adjacent vessels. In some species, tracheid bridges may represent the dominant pathway for water flow between vessels, whereas in other species, tracheid bridges may be sub-dominant or virtually nil. Broader searches of woody taxa are needed to reveal the functional importance of tracheid bridges in vascular plants.

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7

Araki, Susumu, Kazuo Ishino, and Ichiro Deguchi. "STABILITY OF GIRDER BRIDGE AGAINST TSUNAMI FLUID FORCE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 27, 2011): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.56.

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The horizontal and vertical components of the fluid force and pressure acting on a girder bridge due to tsunami like a solitary wave are measured in a hydraulic experiment and their characteristics are discussed. The peak of the impact fluid force is estimated on the basis of the change in the added mass of the structure. The wave pressure acting on the seaward side of the girder of the bridge is also estimated. The critical force for the stability of the girder bridge is estimated as the strength of bolts used in the shoes against shear stress.

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8

Mira-Albanés, Jhon Jader, José Gregorio Rodríguez-Nieto, and Olga Patricia Salazar-Díaz. "Some Baumslag–Solitar groups are two-bridge virtual knot groups." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 04 (April 2017): 1750019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517500195.

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In this paper, we give sufficient conditions on group presentations, with two generators and one relator, in order to be the group of a virtual knot diagram. Although those conditions are not enough, we use them to determine, completely, whether or not a Baumslag–Solitar group is the group of a two-bridge virtual knot. Moreover, we present a combinatorial proof of the fact that these groups are not two-bridge classical knot groups.

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9

Istrati, Denis, and Ian Buckle. "Role of Trapped Air on the Tsunami-Induced Transient Loads and Response of Coastal Bridges." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040191.

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In response to the extensive damage of coastal bridges sustained in recent tsunamis, this paper describes an investigation into tsunami-induced effects on two common bridge types, an open-girder deck with cross-frames and one with solid diaphragms. To this end, large-scale (1:5) physical models with realistic structural members and elastomeric bearings were constructed and tested under a range of unbroken solitary waves and more realistic tsunami-like transient bores. The flexible bearings allowed the superstructure to rotate and translate vertically, thus simulating the wave–structure interaction during the tsunami inundation. Detailed analysis of the experimental data revealed that for both bridge types the resistance mechanism and transient structural response is characterized by a short-duration phase that introduces the maximum overturning moment, upward movement, and rotation of the deck, and a longer-duration phase that introduces significant uplift forces but small moment and rotation due to the fact that the wave is approaching the point of rotation. In the former phase the uplift is resisted mainly by the elastomeric bearings and columns offshore of the center of gravity of the superstructure (C.G.), maximizing their uplift demand. In the latter phase the total uplift is distributed more equally to all the bearings, which tends to maximize the uplift demand in the structural members close to the C.G. The air-entrapment in the chambers of the bridge with diaphragms modifies the wave–structure interaction, introducing (a) a different pattern and magnitude of wave pressures on the superstructure due to the cushioning effect; (b) a 39% average and 148% maximum increase in the total uplift forces; and (c) a 32% average increase of the overturning moment, which has not been discussed in previous studies. Deciphering the exact effect of the trapped air on the total uplift forces is challenging because, although the air consistently increases the quasi-static component of the force, it has an inconsistent and complex effect on the slamming component, which can either increase or decrease. Interestingly, the air also has a complex effect on the uplift demand in the offshore bearings and columns, which can decrease or increase even more than the total deck uplift, and an inconsistent effect on the uplift force of different structural components introduced by the same wave. These are major findings because they demonstrate that the current approach of investigating the effect of trapped air only on the total uplift is insufficient. Last but not least, the study reveals the existence of significant differences in the effects introduced by solitary waves and transient bores, especially when air is trapped beneath the deck; it also provides practical guidance to engineers, who are advised to design the elastomeric bearings offshore of the C.G. for at least 60% and 50% of the total induced uplift force, respectively, for a bridge with cross-frames and one with diaphragms, instead of distributing the total uplift equally to all bearings.

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10

Martin, Allison N., Luke R. Wilkins, Deepanjana Das, Lily E. Johnston, Todd W. Bauer, Reid B. Adams, and Victor M. Zaydfudim. "Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation versus Transarterial Chemoembolization for Patients with Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ≤3 cm." American Surgeon 85, no. 2 (February 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500220.

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Optimal treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 3 cm remains controversial. Ablation and chemoembolization are considered for nonoperative candidates. This study compares survival among patients with solitary HCC ≤ 3 cm treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Patients diagnosed with HCC ≤ 3 cm between 2005 and 2014 were included. Kaplan-Meier survival functions with log-rank tests were used to estimate recurrence-free survival and overall survival (OS) survival. Among 161 patients with solitary HCC ≤ 3 cm, 145 patients with mean age of 65.2 years (69.2) and 95 per cent prevalence of cirrhosis had operative treatment or TACE, and/or RFA. From this cohort, 27 (19%) patients had TACE, 27 (19%) patients had RFA, and 15 (10%) patients had TACE/RFA. The patients treated with definitive TACE, RFA, or TACE/RFA had a similar 1-year recurrence-free survival (23% vs 27% vs 36%, respectively, P = 0.445) and similar 5-year OS (21% vs 24% vs 33%, respectively, P = 0.287). Thirty-five (24%) patients were bridged to transplantation with TACE and/or RFA. The 5-year OS was significantly improved in patients bridged to transplantation (P < 0.001). Survival does not differ between patients with solitary HCC ≤ 3 cm treated with TACE or RFA. Patients who were bridged to transplantation had significantly greater OS compared with patients who were not transplanted.

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11

Xu, Guoji, and C. S. Cai. "Wave Forces on Biloxi Bay Bridge Decks with Inclinations under Solitary Waves." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 29, no. 6 (December 2015): 04014150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000644.

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12

Lee, Kwang-Ho, Kyung-Hwan Woo, Do-Sam Kim, and Ik-Han Jeong. "Numerical Simulation for Tsunami Force Acting on Onshore Bridge (for Solitary Wave)." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 29, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.9765/kscoe.2017.29.2.92.

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13

Qu, K., H. S. Tang, A. Agrawal, and Y. Cai. "Hydrodynamic Effects of Solitary Waves Impinging on a Bridge Deck with Air Vents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 22, no. 7 (July 2017): 04017024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001040.

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14

Xu, Guoji, Qin Chen, and Jianhua Chen. "Prediction of Solitary Wave Forces on Coastal Bridge Decks Using Artificial Neural Networks." Journal of Bridge Engineering 23, no. 5 (May 2018): 04018023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001215.

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15

SASAKI, Tatsuo, Kenji KOSA, Shotaro HAMAI, and Takashi SATO. "EVALUATION OF VERTICAL FORCE AND PRESSURES ON BRIDGE GIRDER CAUSED BY SOLITARY WAVE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_246—I_256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.71.i_246.

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16

Menon, Goutham, Mahesh Ratheesh, Gopikrishna S Menon, Gautham S, and P. Kanakasabapathy. "Hybrid Converter to Supply DC and AC Loads Using Tapped Boost Topology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.8 (July 7, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.8.15217.

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Advancements in power electronic systems has brought forth the modernization of residential power systems exponentially. The interfacing of AC and DC loads with various kinds of resources of energy has been achieved with the help of modern nanogrid architectures. This paper brings into depiction a Tapped Boost derived hybrid converter that can be used to meet the demands of both AC and DC loads having a solitary DC input. A voltage source inverter (VSI) bridge network is used instead of the single switch of a Tapped Boost converter. The VSI bridge has shoot-through protection in the inverter stage increasing its importance for smart power systems. The Tapped Boost derived converter also borrows the advantages provided by the Tapped Boost converter. The paper covers topics like the operation, steady-state analysis and operating modes of the proposed Tapped Boost-DHC. The output and input characteristics has also been tested and verified through simulatio

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17

Arulmurugan, R. "Design and testing of stability improvement of nine multi-level H-Inverter for distribution system." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v8i4.pp245-255.

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<p class="Abstract">In this article, a solitary phase nine-level series connected H-Bridge powered by photovoltaic MPPT based SHAPF in view of basic controller is proposed. SRF is utilized for reference input current extraction and to create pulses for the SHAPF. The principle point of the cascaded bridge is to dispense harmonics, enhance power factor and reactive energy compensation of the single-phase distribution framework. The suggested control calculation has two parts, changing the load current into stationary reference outline directions and estimation of peak amplitude of load currents. Consequently, a basic and dependable controller effortlessly of execution was created. The calculation for single-phase SHAF is intending to perform with exact tracking performance under step changes in load currents and to give great dynamic compensation. In this article, synchronous reference theory PLL with Inverse-Park change is adopted for producing quadrature part of current. The execution of the control calculation is tried and assessed utilizing MATLAB/Simulink tool.</p>

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18

Xu, Guoji, C. S. Cai, and Y. Han. "Investigating the Characteristics of the Solitary Wave-Induced Forces on Coastal Twin Bridge Decks." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 30, no. 4 (August 2016): 04015076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000821.

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19

Xu, Guoji, C. S. Cai, and Qin Chen. "Countermeasure of Air Venting Holes in the Bridge Deck–Wave Interaction under Solitary Waves." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 31, no. 1 (February 2017): 04016071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000937.

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20

Cai, Yalong, A. Agrawal, Ke Qu, and H. S. Tang. "Numerical Investigation of Connection Forces of a Coastal Bridge Deck Impacted by Solitary Waves." Journal of Bridge Engineering 23, no. 1 (January 2018): 04017108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001135.

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21

Xu, Guoji, Chunsheng Cai, and Lu Deng. "Numerical prediction of solitary wave forces on a typical coastal bridge deck with girders." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 13, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1158195.

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22

Zhu, Deming, and You Dong. "Experimental and 3D numerical investigation of solitary wave forces on coastal bridges." Ocean Engineering 209 (August 2020): 107499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107499.

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23

Seiffert, Betsy R., R. Cengiz Ertekin, and Ian N. Robertson. "Effect of Entrapped Air on Solitary Wave Forces on a Coastal Bridge Deck with Girders." Journal of Bridge Engineering 21, no. 2 (February 2016): 04015036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000799.

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24

Lou, Yun-feng, Zhi-qiang Ma, Rong Chen, and Xian-long Jin. "Numerical simulation of solitary wave interacting with gasbag-type floating bridge using the ALE method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 563 (August 9, 2019): 052056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/563/5/052056.

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25

Xu, Guoji, and C. S. Cai. "Numerical simulations of lateral restraining stiffness effect on bridge deck–wave interaction under solitary waves." Engineering Structures 101 (October 2015): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.031.

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26

Xiao, Sheng-chao, and An-xin Guo. "Effects of air relief openings on the mitigation of solitary wave forces on bridge decks." Journal of Hydrodynamics 31, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42241-018-0168-5.

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27

Kim, Do-Sam, Kab-Soo Kyung, Yoon-Doo Lee, and Kyung Hwan Woo. "Evaluating Method of Solitary Wave-Induced Tsunami Force Acting on an Onshore Bridge in Coastal Area." Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7734/coseik.2016.29.2.149.

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28

Huang, Bo, Zhiying Yang, Bing Zhu, Jiawei Zhang, Azhen Kang, and Liang Pan. "Vulnerability assessment of coastal bridge superstructure with box girder under solitary wave forces through experimental study." Ocean Engineering 189 (October 2019): 106337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106337.

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29

Seiffert, Betsy, Masoud Hayatdavoodi, and R. Cengiz Ertekin. "Experiments and computations of solitary-wave forces on a coastal-bridge deck. Part I: Flat Plate." Coastal Engineering 88 (June 2014): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.01.005.

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30

Qu, K., H. S. Tang, A. Agrawal, Y. Cai, and C. B. Jiang. "Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic load on bridge deck under joint action of solitary wave and current." Applied Ocean Research 75 (June 2018): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.02.020.

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31

TANAKA, Masato, Kenji KOSA, Tatsuo SASAKI, and Takashi SATO. "EVALUATION FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE ACTING ON THE BRIDGE GIRDER DUE TO THE TSUNAMI WITH SOLITARY WAVE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 71, no. 2 (2015): I_973—I_978. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.71.i_973.

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32

Qu, K., B. H. Wen, X. Y. Ren, S. Kraatz, W. Y. Sun, B. Deng, and C. B. Jiang. "Numerical investigation on hydrodynamic load of coastal bridge deck under joint action of solitary wave and wind." Ocean Engineering 217 (December 2020): 108037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108037.

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33

Hayatdavoodi, Masoud, Betsy Seiffert, and R. Cengiz Ertekin. "Experiments and computations of solitary-wave forces on a coastal-bridge deck. Part II: Deck with girders." Coastal Engineering 88 (June 2014): 210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.02.007.

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34

Titano, Joseph, Amir Noor, and Edward Kim. "Transarterial Chemoembolization and Radioembolization across Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stages." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 34, no. 02 (June 2017): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602709.

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AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a well-established treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TACE has a clearly delineated role within the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging framework, and TACE has been shown to bridge patients to transplantation and to downsize patients' tumor burden to meet transplantation criteria. Radioembolization (RE) also has an evolving role in the treatment of HCC. RE has evidence-based applications across the range of BCLC stages ranging from segmentectomy for patients with solitary lesions not amenable to ablation to lobar therapy for patients with multifocal HCC, and to treatment of advanced disease with portal vein thrombosis. This article aims to elucidate the evidence behind these therapies and to provide a rationale for their utilization across the spectrum of BCLC stages in the treatment of HCC.

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35

Jose, Jismon, Swathi Ghantasala, and Swarup Roy Choudhury. "Arabidopsis Transmembrane Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs): A Bridge between Extracellular Signal and Intracellular Regulatory Machinery." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114000.

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Receptors form the crux for any biochemical signaling. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are conserved protein kinases in eukaryotes that establish signaling circuits to transduce information from outer plant cell membrane to the nucleus of plant cells, eventually activating processes directing growth, development, stress responses, and disease resistance. Plant RLKs share considerable homology with the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of the animal system, differing at the site of phosphorylation. Typically, RLKs have a membrane-localization signal in the amino-terminal, followed by an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a solitary membrane-spanning domain, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. The functional characterization of ligand-binding domains of the various RLKs has demonstrated their essential role in the perception of extracellular stimuli, while its cytosolic kinase domain is usually confined to the phosphorylation of their substrates to control downstream regulatory machinery. Identification of the several ligands of RLKs, as well as a few of its immediate substrates have predominantly contributed to a better understanding of the fundamental signaling mechanisms. In the model plant Arabidopsis, several studies have indicated that multiple RLKs are involved in modulating various types of physiological roles via diverse signaling routes. Here, we summarize recent advances and provide an updated overview of transmembrane RLKs in Arabidopsis.

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36

KOSA, Kenji, Takashi SATO, and Chunyan XING. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VERTICAL ACTING FORCE AND THE GIRDER POSITION OCCURRING IN THE BRIDGE GIRDER BY SOLITARY WAVE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 72, no. 2 (2016): I_1015—I_1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.72.i_1015.

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37

Rempala, Kit, Katrina Sifferd, and Joseph Vukov. "Philosophy Labs." Teaching Philosophy 44, no. 2 (2021): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil202142145.

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Conversation is a foundational aspect of philosophical pedagogy. Too often, however, philosophical research becomes disconnected from this dialogue, and is instead conducted as a solitary endeavor. We aim to bridge the disconnect between philosophical pedagogy and research by proposing a novel framework. Philosophy labs, we propose, can function as both a pedagogical tool and a model for conducting group research. Our review of collaborative learning literature suggests that philosophy labs, like traditional STEM labs, can harness group learning models such as Positive Interdependence Theory (PIT) to engage in meaningful discussion and execute projects and research. This article distills PIT into four essential tenets which we argue support student success at both the individual and group levels. Our argument is grounded in two case studies detailing our experiences facilitating different philosophy labs, and demonstrations of how they can foster the continued evolution of philosophical research and pedagogy beyond the single-occupancy armchair.

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38

Sun, W. Y., K. Qu, S. Kraatz, B. Deng, and C. B. Jiang. "Numerical investigation on performance of submerged porous breakwater to mitigate hydrodynamic loads of coastal bridge deck under solitary wave." Ocean Engineering 213 (October 2020): 107660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107660.

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39

Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris, Emilio Estrada-Ruiz, Camila Monje Dussán, Lilian de Andrade Brito, and Teresa Terrazas. "A new Oligocene-Miocene tree from Panama and historical Anacardium migration patterns." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): e0250721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250721.

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Migration of Boreotropical megathermal taxa during the Oligocene and Miocene played a key role in assembling diversity in tropical regions. Despite scattered fossil reports, the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration. The fossil woods described here come from localities in Veraguas, Panama mapped as Oligocene-Miocene. We studied, described, and identified two well-preserved specimens using wood anatomical characteristics and completed extensive comparisons between fossil and extant material. The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern, and mostly 1–3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals. We propose a new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov., that adds an essential piece to the understanding of the historical biogeography of the genus. In addition, our findings confirm previous interpretations of this species’ migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama, leading to subsequent diversification in South America. This discovery provides an important link to the historical migration patterns of the genus, supporting the notion of an Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges, as well as an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South America.

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Xu, Guoji, C. S. Cai, Peng Hu, and Zhi Dong. "Component Level–Based Assessment of the Solitary Wave Forces on a Typical Coastal Bridge Deck and the Countermeasure of Air Venting Holes." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 21, no. 4 (November 2016): 04016012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000291.

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Van Nort, Doug. "A Collaborative Approach to Teaching Sound Sculpting, Embodied Listening and the Materiality of Sound." Organised Sound 18, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771813000125.

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This paper presents recent work in engaging both students and working professionals from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds with the practice of collective and site-specific electroacoustic music creation. The emphasis is placed on embodied, deep listening in tandem with a manual approach to sonic art creation that bridges an understanding of the interplay between digital sound manipulation, larger composed structures and the physical presentation of a work in a given space. Through a practice-oriented approach, participants gain insights into areas such as the abstract world of digital sound recording and representation, the extreme influence on this content enacted by a given sound delivery system and a given space, and the subjective experience of listening to sounds from a variety of orientations and postures, and with varying levels of understanding of the original source recordings. Finally, through a group approach to composing larger structures, participants begin to understand the often mysterious and unsaid processes involved in the normally solitary act of composing electroacoustic music.

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Sutherland, Larry F., Daniel J. Cook, and Karen K. Dixon. "Operational Effects of the Displaced Partial Cloverleaf Interchange." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 17 (August 23, 2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792755.

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As the roadway infrastructure in the United States evolves, transportation agencies continue to seek effective interchange alternatives that can accommodate site-specific needs, such as high through and turning volumes, or optimized traffic signal operations (by minimizing the number of traffic signal phases). In recent years, innovative interchanges such as the diverging diamond have enabled transportation agencies to explore unique designs compatible with their specific needs. This paper introduces a new innovative interchange, known as a displaced partial cloverleaf (DPC) interchange. This unique interchange is characterized by a single intersection, six free-flow movements, only four movements controlled by the solitary traffic signal, an intersection location that can be shifted, and only 12 conflict points. The flexible intersection location can help an agency improve corridor progression, eliminate conflicting queues from nearby intersections, or enhance/maintain the bridge structure without compromising the intersection operations. A microsimulation study was conducted to compare the operational performance of a DPC interchange to that of a four-quadrant type B partial cloverleaf (PARCLO B-4Q) interchange, which is very similar in layout to a DPC interchange. Results show significant decreases in experienced travel time for left-turning vehicles with the DPC. The DPC interchange is recommended as an alternative option for interchanges with very heavy left-turning onramp demand in combination with heavy crossroad demand.

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Johnson, K. J., and K. Boekelheide. "Visualization of Golgi complexes and spermatogonial cohorts of viable, intact seminiferous tubules." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 2 (February 1993): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.2.7678273.

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Golgi complexes of cells within the intact, viable seminiferous tubule were examined by light microscopy using the vital Golgi stain C6-NBD-ceramide. This staining technique provided a quick and simple method to visualize all Golgi complexes of cells within the seminiferous tubule that are directly accessible to the basal compartment. Thus, peritubular, spermatogonial, and Sertoli cell Golgi complexes were visualized. Peritubular cells contained simple Golgi complexes which did not change with the stage of the seminiferous epithelium. Both solitary spermatogonial Golgi complexes which varied in size and number with the stage of the seminiferous epithelium and cohorts of spermatogonia connected by intercellular bridges were easily visualized. The Golgi complexes of Sertoli cells were located in the basal, perinuclear cytoplasm except in Stages VII-VIII, when they extended towards the lumen. Exposure of isolated seminiferous tubules to the fungal metabolite brefeldin A caused the Sertoli cell Golgi complex staining pattern to become diffuse or to co-localize with heads of elongate spermatids. The Golgi complexes of the peritubular cells and spermatogonia were resistant to brefeldin A. The C6-NBD-ceramide vital staining method should be useful for studying stage-dependent Sertoli cell Golgi complex movement and spermatogonial maturation.

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Xu, Guoji. "Discussion of “Numerical Investigation of Connection Forces of a Coastal Bridge Deck Impacted by Solitary Waves” by Yalong Cai, A. Agrawal, Ke Qu, and H. S. Tang." Journal of Bridge Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 2020): 07019002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001511.

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Cai, Yalong, A. Agrawal, Ke Qu, and H. S. Tang. "Closure to “Numerical Investigation of Connection Forces of a Coastal Bridge Deck Impacted by Solitary Waves” by Yalong Cai, A. Agrawal, Ke Qu, and H. S. Tang." Journal of Bridge Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 2020): 07019003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001512.

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Rożej-Pabijan, Elżbieta, and Wojciech Witaliński. "Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees." Acarologia 58, no. 4 (September 11, 2018): 801–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184269.

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Chaetodactylus osmiae (Dufour, 1839) is a mite parasitizing the solitary bee - Osmia rufa L.- used as a commercial pollinator. In this study we present the anatomy of female and male reproductive systems of this species as well as its gonadal structure and gametogenesis at the ultrastructural level. The reproductive systems are similar to those of other Astigmata. The ovaries are paired and each contains germ-line cells – a giant nutritive ovarian cell connected via funnel-type intercellular bridges to oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes. Germinal cells are embedded in several large somatic stroma cells. Remarkable numerous protrusions of the nutritive ovarian cell penetrate into the stroma cell cytoplasm. Conspicuous ER cisterns run close and parallel to the surface of the germinal cells. Oocytes entering vitellogenesis disassociate with the nutritive cell and a vitelline envelope composed of heterogeneous material appears on their surface. When vitellogenesis is completed, the oocytes are full of lipid droplets and two types of yolk spheres; the vitelline envelope transforms into a thin and homogeneous chorion.Paired testes are located on one side of the body, whereas the opposite side is filled by a male accessory gland. In testis, germinal cells are embedded in a few somatic stroma cells. The earliest spermatogonia form a compact germarium, whereas later stages are dispersed randomly within the testis. Spermatocytes are characterized by a superficial spongy layer, formation of mitochondrial derivatives, loss of nuclear envelope and condensation of chromatin in threads. A single electron-dense lamella appears during the spermatid stage, separating chromatin threads from a large spongy body surrounded by arcuate, double-membrane bounded cisterns. In spermatids, the superficial spongy layer is absent. The testicular central cell in the germarium and structures related to meiotic division were not observed in the testes. Spermatozoa are multiform cells (approx. 4x11µm) containing electron-dense lamella (ca. 45 nm thick) surrounded by mitochondrial derivatives which separate chromatin threads 45-50 nm thick from remnants of the spongy body i.e. arcuate cistern profiles. Spermatozoa deposited in female spermatheca are more electron dense; the electron-dense lamella is deeply folded several times, whereas chromatin threads are present in the center of the spermatozoon and are either flanked by lamella folds or located more peripherally under the plasmalemma. Remnants of the spongy body are not discernible.

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Smereka, Corey A., Paul F. Frame, Mark A. Edwards, Owen M. Slater, Delaney D. Frame, and Andrew E. Derocher. "Space use of cougars at the northern edge of their range." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 4 (July 2, 2021): 1042–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab070.

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Abstract The space use strategies animals use to acquire resources needed for survival and reproduction reflect life history traits and individual behaviors. For large solitary carnivores, such as cougars (Puma concolor), prey, mates, and safe habitat in which to raise offspring, are resources that influence space use. Most animal home range studies investigate differences between sexes but fail to explore the space use patterns among individuals. We first used 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP), kernel density estimate (KDE), and Brownian bridge estimator (BB), to estimate the home range of 43 cougars satellite-collared in west-central Alberta, Canada, in 2016–2018. We found that adult males (MCP = 498 km2; KDE = 623 km2; BB = 547 km2) had home ranges that were more than twice the size of those of adult females (MCP = 181 km2; KDE = 273 km2; BB = 217 km2). We then used net squared displacement, path segmentation analysis, and multi-response permutation procedure, to examine the space use patterns of 27 female and 16 male cougars. We constructed a decision tree and found that 23% of cougars were dispersers (12% of females and 44% of males), 47% were residents (58% of females and 31% of males), 9% were seasonal home range shifters (12% of females and 6% of males), and 19% shifted to a new area during the study period (19% of females and 19% of males). We learned that dispersers all were subadults, whereas all residents, seasonal shifters, and shifters, were adults, except for one subadult male. Our study provides insights on animal home ranges with methods to categorize different space use strategies which could be used to help assess the dynamics of a population.

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Stanley, George D., and Michael T. Whalen. "Triassic corals and spongiomorphs from Hells Canyon, Wallowa terrane, Oregon." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 6 (November 1989): 800–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036490.

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Twenty-one species of corals and three species of spongiomorphs occur in a series of richly fossiliferous, molluscan-dominated beds with silicified bioclasts in the Upper Triassic Martin Bridge Limestone of Hells Canyon, Oregon. Two of these,Maeandrostylis grandiseptusandRecticostastraea wallowaensisare new species.Recticostastraeais designated as a new genus.The fauna is early Norian and occurs in the island arc Wallowa terrane, one of many tectonostratigraphic terranes in western North America. Like other examples, it appears to have developed independently of the North American craton and to have links with Wrangellia. The fossil corals and spongiomorphs are para-autochthonous, occurring in a series of tempestite beds. They are interpreted to have inhabited a shallow-water carbonate platform that developed around a tropical island arc following cessation of volcanic activity. The corals and spongiomorphs are associated with abundant gastropods and a diverse epifaunal suspension-feeding bivalve fauna. Relative to the corals, branching spongiomorphs,Spongiomorpha ramosa, are more abundant and occur with relatively common branching, sheet to plate-like, colonial corals. Solitary corals are relatively rare. The associated bedded limestone includes a variety of shallow-water microfacies but throughout the Hells Canyon sequence, reef structure is absent.Together, the 24 coral and spongiomorph taxa show mixed paleogeographic affinities with Upper Triassic faunas known only from alpine regions of the western Tethys (five species), the Pamir Mountains, U.S.S.R. (two species), and the island of Timor (one species). Five additional species are pan-Tethyan and exceptionally cosmopolitan, but 11 species (45.8%) occur only in displaced terranes. Of these, a significant component (six species) is endemic to the Wallowa terrane. At least four Hells Canyon taxa, previously thought endemic to North American terranes, have recently been reported from the high-latitude Koryak terrane of northeastern U.S.S.R., a displaced tropical volcanic terrane of the northwestern Pacific. For Triassic corals, this is the first example of a clear link between western Pacific and eastern Pacific terranes. Less similarity exists with the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, where identical age lower Norian silicified corals and spongiomorphs are known.

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Nozen, SeyedehZahra, Bahman Amani, and Fatemeh Ziyarati. "Blooming of the Novel in the Bloomsbury Group: An Investigation to the Impact of the Members of Bloomsbury Group on the Composition of the Selected Works of Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 7 (October 10, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.323.

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“For masterpieces are not single and solitary births; they are the outcome of many years of thinking in common, of thinking by the body of the people, so that the experience of the mass is behind the single voice…”. Woolf’s belief has been put to the test in the Bloomsbury Group and this paper intends to investigate the validity of her claim through a critical analysis of the selected works of its novelist members. In a central part of London during the first half of the twentieth century a group of intellectual and literary writers, artists, critics and an economist came together which later on was labeled as Bloomsbury group. The group’s members had an influential role in blooming novel in a different form of expression and profoundly affect its literary figures, Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster, in the composition of their fictions The Waves, A Room of One’s Own, To the Lighthouse and Forster’s A Room with a view and Howards End. The formation of Bloomsbury circle acted as a bridge from the Victorian bigotries and narrow-mindedness to the unbounded era of modernism as they searched for universal peace, individual liberalism and human accomplishments due to ideal social norms. They freely exchanged their views on variety of subjects without any limitation. The reasons behind their popularity compared to several contemporary groups were their innumerable works, the clarification of their lives through their diaries, biographies and autobiographies and their diverse kinds of activities such as criticism, painting, politics and literary writings. They were adherents of truth, goodness, enjoyment of beautiful object, intrinsic values, aesthetics, friendship and personal relationship. Intellectual intimacy and cooperation can be considered as the main attribute of its members as they collaborate with each other and employ the fundamental tenets of the group within their works. The modern style of its artists as post-impressionist highly affects the narration technique of its literary figures. These novelists tried to narrate the verbal utterances in a visual way as if the whole of the story is depicted on a canvas. Furthermore, this paper tries to discover the role of the non-literary (painters and critics) members of the group in blooming and forming of a different and novel kind of narration technique, namely ‘stream of consciousness’, through the visual impact of the painter and the discussion method of critic members of the group.

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Levchenko, Lyudmila, Yelyzaveta Kozachuk, and Sergey Zemskov. "THE PERCUTANEOUS CHEMICAL ABLATION APPLICATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 116, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.2(116).2020.33-43.

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In the world, the incidence of HCC constantly increases each year. In the period from 1990 to 2015, the rate of newly diagnosed cases of HCC increased by 75%. In Ukraine in 2018, only 18.0% of primary patients were gotten special treatment: 4.9% only by surgery, 2.0% by combined and complex treatment. Unsatisfactory results of special treatment coverage are associated with the peculiarities of the etiopathogenesis of HCC, asymptomatic course, and improper screening system of patients at risk, which leads to difficulty in diagnosis of HCC in the early stages. The choice of HCC treatment tactics, associated with viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, remains a difficult clinical challenge. The radical treatment at an early stage HCC is a cornerstone for improving overall survival. Percutaneous ablation (PA) was developed for inoperable patients with HCC in the early stages and liver cirrhosis. There are radiofrequency ablation, chemical ablation, cryoablation, microwave ablation, etc. The main indications for the local ablation application are very early and early-stage (according to BCLC - stage 0 and A), compensated or subcompensated liver function in cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A and B), ECOG 0-1, the diameter of the tumor lesion up to 5.0 cm (most optimally up to 3.0 cm), focal nodal lesion, solitary or multiple lesion. Percutaneous ablation is used as a bridge therapy to local tumor control in patients who undergo the Milan and the UCSFC criteria and are on the waiting list for transplantation. These methods have also shown their effectiveness as neoadjuvant "downstaging" therapy in patients who are not candidates for liver transplantation and/or with initially unresectable lesions. For many decades, percutaneous chemical ablation has been the “gold” standard for minimally invasive treatment of HCC. This method is easy to perform, does not require special equipment, is well tolerated by patients, safe, and cost-effective. The main chemical agents are ethanol and acetic acid. The percutaneous chemical ablation procedure involves intratumoral administration of a chemical agent a real-time under the control of imaging (ultrasound or CT). Chemical ablation is a second-line method and is used only in cases where there are contraindications to radiofrequency ablation. This method is not accompanied by severe specific complications and mortality. The effectiveness of its clinical application directly depends on the size of the tumor. The optimal size of the tumor is not more than 3.0 cm. Intratumoral administration of ethano promotes necrosis of 90% -100% of HCC with a diameter of ≤ 2.0 cm and 70% for tumors with 2.0 - 3.0 cm

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