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Journal articles on the topic 'Solomon Four Group Design'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Sawilowsky, Shlomo, D. LYNN Kelley, R. CLIFFORD Blair, and Barry S. Markman. "Meta-Analysis and the Solomon Four-Group Design." Journal of Experimental Education 62, no. 4 (1994): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1994.9944140.

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Braver, Mary W., and Sanford L. Braver. "Statistical treatment of the Solomon four-group design: A meta-analytic approach." Psychological Bulletin 104, no. 1 (1988): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.104.1.150.

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Mai, Nu Nu, Yoshi Takahashi, and Mon Mon Oo. "Testing the Effectiveness of Transfer Interventions Using Solomon Four-Group Designs." Education Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10040092.

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How to enhance the transfer of training remains an important question, and to some extent, post-training interventions can provide an answer. The purpose of this study was to validate inconclusive findings on the effectiveness of two post-training transfer interventions. This study used Solomon four-group design to filter out the effects of pretest sensitization and history, which are threats to the internal and external validity but have rarely been checked in previous transfer studies. Management study undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: pretested and unpretested gr

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Sawilowsky, Shlomo S., and Barry S. Markman. "Another Look at the Power of Meta-Analysis in the Solomon Four-Group Design." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 1 (1990): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.177.

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Braver and Braver (1988) promoted a meta-analysis technique as the most powerful single test for analyzing data from a Solomon Four-Group Design. Customary analysis on fabricated data was not significant, but the meta-analysis yielded significance. The current paper counters that fabricated data sets can easily be constructed to show that customary tests can yield significance, whereas the meta-analysis does not. Statements about the efficacy and power of meta-analysis should be made more cautiously.

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SAWILOWSKY, SHLOMO S. "ANOTHER LOOK AT THE POWER OF META-ANALYSIS IN THE SOLOMON FOUR-GROUP DESIGN." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 5 (1990): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.71.5.177-178.

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van Veen, V., MK Krug, JW Schooler, and CS Carter. "Anterior cingulate cortex, cognitive dissonance, and attitude change: Evidence from a Solomon four-group design." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72044-0.

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J., Muthukumari, and N. Ramakrishnan Dr. "DISCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLOMAN FOUR GROUP DESIGN ON ECONTENT IN HISTORY." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 8(SE) (2019): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3362706.

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Education is a product of experience - Technological tool enhances better teaching - learning process. It changes classroom dynamics also - An important outcome of e-learning is E content - The quality of education depends to great extent on the quality of teachers - The scores of the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PT design and the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PPT design are high. This may be due to the effect of e-content based teaching in history subject.

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Kibirige, Israel, and Kgashane Bethuel Bodirwa. "THE EFFECT OF USING COMPUTER SIMULATIONS ON GRADE 11 LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PLANTS BIODIVERSITY IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Baltic Science Education 20, no. 4 (2021): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.612.

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Teachers use different pedagogies to improve learners’ performance. The study explored the effect of Computer Simulations (CS) on Grade 11 learners’ performance when taught Plants Biodiversity. A Solomon Four-Group design was used to cater for internal and external validity. Sixty-six learners were assigned to two Control Groups (CG) taught using CS and 66 learners to two Experimental Groups (EG) taught using Talk and Chalk Method (TCM). The pre-test was administered to EG1 and CG1, while post-tests were administered to all four groups. Focus Group Discussion Interviews (FGDI) were conducted w

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Kvalem, Ingela Lundin, Jon Martin Sundet, Kate I. Rivø, Dag Erik Eilertsen, and Leiv S. Bakketeig. "The Effect of Sex Education on Adolescents' Use of Condoms: Applying the Solomon Four-Group Design." Health Education Quarterly 23, no. 1 (1996): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300103.

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J., Muthukumari, and N. Ramakrishnan Dr. "DISCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLOMAN FOUR GROUP DESIGN ON E-CONTENT IN HISTORY." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 8SE (2017): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.887640.

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Education is a product of experience - Technological tool enhances better teaching - learning process. It changes classroom dynamics also - An important outcome of e-learning is E content -The quality of education depends to great extent on the quality of teachers - The scores of the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PT design and the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PPT design are high. This may be due to the effect of e-content based teaching in history subject.

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Holdnak, B. J., Tanya C. Clemons, and Stephen C. Bushardt. "Evaluation of Organisation Training by the Solomon Four Group Design: A Field Study in Self‐esteem Training." Journal of Managerial Psychology 5, no. 5 (1990): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949010136251.

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Dukes, Richard L., Jodie B. Ullman, and Judith A. Stein. "An Evaluation of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), Using a Solomon Four-Group Design With Latent Variables." Evaluation Review 19, no. 4 (1995): 409–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x9501900404.

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Sharma, Deepak, and Himanshu Sharma. "Study on pretesting and extraneous variable as modifiers in Heartfulness meditation intervention in Health care Professionals through Solomon four group design." Journal of Health Sciences and Professions Education 1, no. 1 (2024): 46. https://doi.org/10.5455/jhspe.20240511060905.

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Introduction: Aim: The current study was planned to study different effect modifiers in Heartfulness meditation intervention in health care professionals Methods The current study was done using Multimethod study design in Anand District amongst healthcare professionals. Multi Method Design (Multiple approach Design) was used. In the Solomon study, for the participants of the intervention group (Group I and Group III), a 2-page posttest questionnaire was designed with intervention including PSS, BRCS scores (2nd time-T2), Health Belief Model stages and with 2nd HRV measurement. Results: There

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BRAVER, SANFORD L. "META-ANALYSIS FOR SOLOMON FOUR-GROUP DESIGNS RECONSIDERED: A REPLY TO SAWILOWSKY AND MARKMAN." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 5 (1990): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.71.5.321-322.

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Braver, Sanford L., and Mary C. Walton Braver. "Meta-Analysis for Solomon Four-Group Designs Reconsidered: A Reply to Sawilowsky and Markman." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 1 (1990): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.321.

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Dayame, Arnel M. "The Effects of Manipulative and Visual Models in Conceptualizing Fractions." International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications 3, no. 8 (2019): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3491217.

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This study is all about the effect of manipulative and visual models in conceptualizing fractions of the four randomized schools in Cebu City. This study utilized quantitative research specifically Solomon four group designs. Thus, every student in a classroom comprehends and reacts to a mass instruction contrastingly and the instruction was more powerful for certain students than others. Along these lines a few students will require intercession which was the manipulative and visual models in conceptualizing fractions. In this study the researcher noticed that student’s needs to have th

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Dare, Shekinah E., Wilco W. van Dijk, Eric van Dijk, Lotte F. van Dillen, Marcello Gallucci, and Olaf Simonse. "The effect of financial education on pupils’ financial knowledge and skills: Evidence from a Solomon four-group design." Journal of Educational Research 113, no. 2 (2020): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2020.1733453.

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Yilmaz, Ozgur, and Duygu Mutlu Bayraktar. "Impact of Kinect Game on Primary School Students' Mental Computation Speed." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 8, no. 4 (2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2018100104.

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This article investigates the effect of kinesthetic educational game on students' mental computation speed. A Solomon four-group design was used to avoid the influence of pretest-posttest design. In order to determine which grade is appropriate for this game, a pilot study was conducted with 30 students. As for the main study, 123 students participated. First, the group was divided into two as control group and experimental group. The participants of the control group played a computer game while the members of experimental group played a kinesthetic educational game. According to Solomon, usi

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Kumari, Sunaina, Jaison Joseph, and Bhupendra Singh. "Nurse-led brief psycho-education on self-stigma among clients with schizophrenia and affective disorders: - Solomon four-group design." Applied Nursing Research 69 (February 2023): 151657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151657.

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Campbell, Bradley A., and David S. Lapsey. "Do Impulsivity and Education Moderate the Effectiveness of Police Sexual Assault Investigations Training? Findings From a Solomon Four-Group Quasi-Experiment." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 10 (2021): 1411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211034212.

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Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of sexual assault investigations training using experimental designs. Existing studies have not examined the impact of officers’ levels of impulsivity and education on training effectiveness. Using a Solomon four-group quasi-experimental design to assess pretesting effects, we examined the impact of training, impulsivity, and education on officers’ ( N = 432) adherence to rape myths and knowledge of victim reporting behaviors. Ordinary least squares (OLS) models were estimated to examine main effects of training, and moderating effects of impulsivit

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Abuda, Ben Fermin Quitorio, Glory Fe Oraller Balazo, Jestoni C. Orque, Mariel Clarisse D. Cabili, and Ma Fe Angeilene M. Maestre. "Struggling Learners’ Mathematics Achievement Level using Quick Response Embedded Strategic Intervention Material." International Journal in Information Technology in Governance, Education and Business 1, no. 1 (2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32664/ijitgeb.v1i1.11.

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This study focused on the effect of a QR-embedded Strategic Intervention Material (QRSIM) on the achievement level of 11th Grade Students in General Mathematics via Solomon-four group research design, focusing on the least mastered competencies in solving exponential equations. A total of 120 students participated in the experiment at Dolores National High School during the school year 2019-2020. Findings revealed that; the students were unable to reach the expected level of achievement based on the pretest; the experimental and control groups with pretest performed better in the posttest asse

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Motivation, Pondering Over Quran Oman Science Subject Solomon Four Group Design. "The Effect of Pondering over Holy Quran on Science Learning Motivation of Grade Nine Students in Omani Schools." Multicultural Education 8, no. 5 (2022): 146. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6599755.

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<em>The Holy Quran encourages science learning and motivate humans to gain knowledge and skills “Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allah is Acquainted with what you do.” (11:58). However, learning the distribution of Holy Quran verses in enhancing science learning motivation has not been investigated yet. This research investigates the effect of pondering over the Holy Quran verses in Omani schools on the students’ science learning motivation. The research adopted Solomon four groups with a sample composed (

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Muthukumari, J., and N. Ramakrishnan. "DISCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLOMAN FOUR GROUP DESIGN ON E-CONTENT IN HISTORY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 8(SE) (2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i8(se).2017.2248.

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Education is a product of experience - Technological tool enhances better teaching - learning process. It changes classroom dynamics also - An important outcome of e-learning is E content -The quality of education depends to great extent on the quality of teachers - The scores of the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PT design and the post test of experimental group (e-content in history) in PPT design are high. This may be due to the effect of e-content based teaching in history subject.

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Amaechi-Udogu, Vivian Chukwunonyenim, and Princess Udochi Ekeh. "Impact of Play Therapy on Learning Outcome in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pupils: An Experimental Approach." European Journal of Educational and Development Psychology 12, no. 3 (2024): 12–28. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejedp.2013/vol12n31228.

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The study examined the impact of play therapy on learning outcome on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder pupils in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. Quasi experimental design within which the Solomon four group design was employed. Using purposive sampling technique, a sample of 60 primary three pupils who met the criteria for ADHD were randomly assigned into the four groups which was made up of two experimental groups and two control groups. Two valid instruments titled: Conners' Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) for assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Mathematics

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Amaechi-Udogu, Vivian Chukwunonyenim, and Princess Udochi Ekeh. "Impact of Play Therapy on Learning Outcome in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pupils: An Experimental Approach." International Journal of Education, Learning and Development 12, no. 8 (2024): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijeld.2013/vol12n85874.

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The study examined the impact of play therapy on learning outcome on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder pupils in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. Quasi experimental design within which the Solomon four group design was employed. Using purposive sampling technique, a sample of 60 primary three pupils who met the criteria for ADHD were randomly assigned into the four groups which was made up of two experimental groups and two control groups. Two valid instruments titled: Conners' Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) for assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Mathematics

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Champney, Leonard, and Paul Edleman. "Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in United States Government Courses." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 01 (2010): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510990689.

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AbstractThis study employs the Solomon Four-Group Design to measure student knowledge of the United States government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a U.S. government course and at the end. In both areas, knowledge improves significantly. Regarding knowledge of the U.S. government, both males and females improve at similar rates, those with higher and lower GPAs improve at similar rates, and political science majors improve at similar rates to non-majors. Regarding current events, males and females improve at similar rates. However, those with higher GPAs and polit

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Saravanakumar AR, Prabakaran B,. "The Influence of e-Content on Academic Performance and Retention Ability in Learning Mathematics among High School Students - Solomon Four Equivalent Group of Experimental Design." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 2360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5285.

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The study aims to find out the more influence on the academic performance and the retention ability after receiving the subject concept through pedagogical methods such as conventional and modern methods of teaching. The investigator used the pre, the post and the retention tests for Solomon Four- Group Design of the experiment in this research. The convenient sampling technique which was adopted by selecting a sample of 20 students of the Ninth standard for each group was assigned to the conventional and modern method of teaching. The e-content development module and a standardized researcher

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권영문 and Suhak Oh. "The Effect of Shuttle Run Training on Cardiovascular Endurance of Female University Students: Solomon Four Groups Design." Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports Science 20, no. 4 (2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21797/ksme.2018.20.4.006.

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Et. al., Prabakaran B,. "Effectiveness of E-Content Module in Learning Set Language among Ninth Standard Students-Solomon Four Group Method of the Experimental Study." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2198.

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Pedagogical methods are one of the Mathematics e-content modules of learning. The research question was raised what teaching method is more effective, whether the e-content module of learning or traditional teaching? Solomon four-group design of the experiment was managed. A convenient sampling technique is selected. Experiments are conducted in school students with 80 samples. Academic achievement test in the Mathematics unit ‘Set Language’ was used as a tool in the study. Bartlett’s Homogeneity of Variance Test, ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc tests are used for interpretation of data. The major fin

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Erickson, Carlton K., Richard E. Wilcox, Gary W. Miller, John H. Littlefield, and Kenneth A. Lawson. "Effectiveness of Addiction Science Presentations to Treatment Professionals, Using a Modified Solomon Study Design." Journal of Drug Education 33, no. 2 (2003): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4wwf-3tgv-vxr5-pu45.

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Objectives: Knowledge of addiction research findings is critical for healthcare professionals who treat addicted patients. However, there is little information available about the instructional effectiveness of lecture-slide presentations in changing knowledge vs. beliefs of such professionals. Design: A modified Solomon four-group experimental design was used to assess the instructional effectiveness (knowledge gain vs. belief changes) of threehour addiction science workshops presented to health-care professionals by neurobiologically-trained academic researchers. Effectiveness of the worksho

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Rew, Lynn, Matthew Banner, Karen Johnson, and Natasha Slesnick. "Intervention Fidelity and Facilitator Training." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 12 (2018): 1843–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917752092.

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Intervention fidelity is an ongoing concern for rigorous research, from the initial stages of planning and study design to the maintenance of internal validity. An added concern is the balance between fidelity and design accommodation to better suit varied populations and individuals. In this article, we describe our process for monitoring intervention fidelity during an individualized, yet standardized, strengths-based intervention with homeless youths, in which we include periodic training of our professional intervention facilitators. In our ongoing study, which is based on a Solomon four-g

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Ngaruiya, Boniface, and Kevin Rogito Atinda. "Effect of Gamification on Secondary School Students' Performance in Computer Studies." International Journal of Pedagogy, Policy and ICT in Education 11 (December 5, 2023): 24–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10911708.

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<em>This article investigated the effects of using gamification on students' performance in Computer Studies using a quasi-experimental approach. The study targeted twelve secondary schools with computer laboratories, internet connectivity, and students taking Computer Studies as an examinable subject in Murang’a County, Kenya. The Solomon Four Group, Non-equivalent Control Group Design, was employed in the study. A total of 142 Form Three Computer Studies students from four secondary schools with internet connections were purposively sampled. The computer studies class in each of the fi

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Yogi Damai Syaputra, Ajril Mustaqim, Hanifatun Nisa, Monalisa, and Mohamad Thohir. "Efektifitas Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Metode Halaqah untuk Meningkatkan Authentic Happiness." DA'WA: Jurnal Bimbingan Penyuluhan & Konseling Islam 4, no. 2 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.36420/dawa.v4i2.605.

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This study aims to measure the level of authentic happiness of students and to test whether group guidance with the halaqah method is effective in increasing authentic happiness. The study used a true experimental design with the Solomon Four-Group Design. The sample in this study was as many as 60 respondents, who were divided into four groups of 15 respondents from Islamic counseling and Islamic education counseling students. This research instrument used the Authentic Happiness Scale, which consisted of 23 valid statement items and a reliability of 0.870. The results of the study showed tha

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Divett, Megan, Nadia Crittenden, and Ron Henderson. "Actively influencing consumer loyalty." Journal of Consumer Marketing 20, no. 2 (2003): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760310464587.

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Previous attempts to enhance consumer loyalty have failed, including point reward schemes such as frequent fliers. In response to the poor performance of existing loyalty programs, this study explores an alternative way of actively influencing consumer loyalty and subsequent purchase behavior. A field experiment was conducted on 240 customers of a theater subscription, using a Solomon Four Group design to evaluate the impact of an intervention on loyalty and subsequent purchase behavior. The intervention increased levels of perceived approachability and responsiveness to customer voice. Initia

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Salim, Nezar Ahmed, Mohammed Ghassan Tuffaha, and Jeannine M. Brant. "Impact of a pain management program on nurses' knowledge and attitude toward pain in United Arab Emirates: Experimental-four Solomon group design." Applied Nursing Research 54 (August 2020): 151314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151314.

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Cheng, Ya-Yun, Chin-Chen Chien, and Shiow-Jen Wang. "The Effect of the Accounting and Business Curriculums on Creativity." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 5, no. 2 (2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v5n2p127.

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This study employs the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking to investigate the effects of accounting and businesscurriculums on students' verbal and figurative creativity via the Solomon four-group design. The subjects areaccounting and business administration students in Taiwan, where these two curriculums are similar to theircounterparts in the U.S.A. The test scores were analyzed with MANOVA and meta-analysis. The results show thatthe accounting curriculum has not been as effective as the business administration curriculum with respect to bothverbal and figurative creativity. These results i

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Maureta, Fransiska Della, Afifah Khoirunisa, Alifia Nur Salsabila, Gusti Ayu Galluh Arindhani, and Ida Ayu Dea Saraswati. "Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok Dengan Teknik Self-Management Terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 3, no. 10 (2022): 1338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v3i10.717.

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This experimental study was conducted to determine whether there is an effect of self-management on academic procrastination. This study uses a true experimental research design with the type of Solomon Four Group Design. Participants in this study were 60 university students in Surabaya who were given a pretest to determine whether these students had a high level of procrastination. The measuring instrument used in this study is the Tuckman Procrastonation Scale (TPS). The results of the pretest showed that 40 students had a high level of procrastination, then the 40 students were randomly as

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Ibrahim, Ahmed, M. A. Lakpini, B. Abdulkarim, and M. K. Falalu. "Effect of 7E Learning Cycle on Cell Concept Performance Among Senior Secondary School Slow Learners in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria." Kashere Journal of Education 3, no. 1 (2022): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/kje.v3i1.18.

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The study investigated effect of 7E Learning Cycle on Cell Concept Performance among Senior Secondary School Slow Learners in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria. Solomon four group design was used. One of the experimental and control groups were pre-tested and post-tested while the second groups were post-tested only. Four schools were selected using simple random technique and assigned to experimental and control groups. The total population was 5,459 SSII Biology students in Katsina Metropolis, out of which 352 students were purposively sampled using Student Intelligence Quotient Ability Test (SIQA

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Mwambua, Benedict M., Fred N. Keraro, and Patriciah Wambugu. "Effects of Concept Mapping Teaching Approach on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Biology in Kitui County, Kenya." Frontiers in Education Technology 8, no. 1 (2025): p1. https://doi.org/10.22158/fet.v8n1p1.

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This study investigated the impact of the Concept Mapping Teaching Approach (CMTA) on Biology achievement among year four students in selected secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya. The Solomon Four Non-Equivalent Control Group design was used. The target population included all secondary school Biology students, while the accessible population comprised Form Four students from co-educational secondary schools in the county. A purposive sample of four secondary co-educational Sub County schools was selected. Two schools were randomly assigned as experimental groups and the remaining two sch

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Sharma, Deepak B., and Himanshu Sharma. "A Study on Quantification of the Effects of Heartfulness Meditation Intervention in Healthcare Professionals by Anchor-Based Method in Occupational Health Psychology." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 28, no. 4 (2024): 272–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_173_23.

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Background: It’s more important to measure the subjective perception of change after undergoing any behavioral or psychological intervention. Global rating of change method—anchor item-based is a method by which the change can be quantified and “minimum subjective perceived effect” (MSPE) can be calculated. Aim: The current study was planned to quantify the effects of heartfulness meditation intervention in healthcare professionals by anchor-based method and compare the result with the pre-post-difference. Methods and Material: The current study was done using multimethod study design among th

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Reid, Penny, and Gillian Finchilescu. "The Disempowering Effects of Media Violence Against Women on College Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 19, no. 3 (1995): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00082.x.

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This study investigated the disempowering effect of exposure to media violence against women on female students. An initial study involving 284 female students described the development and evaluation of two forms of a scale measuring disempowerment. The second study investigated the effect of media violence using a Solomon Four-Group experimental design. Fifty-seven female students were divided into four groups that were shown video clips depicting scenes of violence directed either toward female or male victims. Half the groups completed the first form of the disempowerment scale prior to th

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Westburg, Nancy G. "Hope and Humor: Using the Hope Scale in Outcome Studies." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3 (1999): 1014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3.1014.

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Hope has been identified as a factor measured by the Hope Scale to evaluate effectiveness of treatment in outcome studies. Hope is defined as a goal-oriented cognitive construct comprised of two components, (a) the Pathways component is the individual's sense of planning strategies to reach goals and (b) the Agency component is the individual's determination to implement these goal-focused strategies. Using a Solomon Four-Group design, the relationship of the Hope Scale pretest to the posttest scores was evaluated. This study also explored the use of humor (a source of hope) in elevating total

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Ednah, C. Kibor, Ndeke G.C.W, and W. Wambugu Patriciah. "Effects of Mastery 5Es Constructivist Teaching Approach on Secondary School Students' Achievement in Chemistry in Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya." Education Quarterly Reviews 6, no. 2 (2023): 138–49. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.06.02.745.

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Analysis of chemistry performance in Kenya since 2013 indicates a trend of below average performance. This may be attributed to the conventional teaching methods that are mainly teacher centered. Mastery 5Es constructivist teaching approach (M5EsA) may help address the problem of poor performance in chemistry though its effects have not been determined. This study investigated the effects of using M5EsA on students’ achievement in chemistry in Rongai sub-county. Solomon Four Non-Equivalent Control Group Design under Quasi experimental research was used. Sample size of 303 students. Chemi

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Alanazi, Manal, Ben Soh, Halima Samra, and Alice Li. "PyChatAI: Enhancing Python Programming Skills—An Empirical Study of a Smart Learning System." Computers 14, no. 5 (2025): 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14050158.

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This paper presents strategies for effectively integrating AI tools into programming education and provides recommendations for enhancing student learning outcomes through intelligent educational systems. Learning computer programming is a cognitively demanding task that requires dedication, logical reasoning, and persistence. Many beginners struggle with debugging and often lack effective problem-solving strategies. To address these issues, this study investigates PyChatAI—a bilingual, AI-powered chatbot designed to support novice Python programmers by providing real-time feedback, answering

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Dr. Khisro Kaleem Raza, Dr. Niaz Muhammad Aajiz, and Dr. Alam Zeb. "The Effect of Integrative Pedagogy on Academic Achievements of Chemistry Students." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (2021): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(275-279).

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The study in hand aimed to determine the effects of integrative pedagogy over the academic performance of secondary school students in the subject of Chemistry. The study was conducted in an experimental framework following the Solomon Four Group Design. A total sample of 120 students of 10th class was randomly taken from 4 private sector Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The sample was divided into 4 groups, each having 30 students. Giving a randomized treatment to the groups, two groups were taken as experimental while two were taken as controlled. One experimental and one c

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Balazo, Glory Fe Oraller. "Struggling Learners' Achievement Level Using Electronic Strategic Intervention Material In Mathematics (ESIMATH)." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v5i2.96.

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This study focused on the achievement levels of Grade 11 struggling learners using an electronic Strategic Intervention Material in Mathematics (eSIMath) in teaching least mastered competencies in the subject, Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. A Solomon four-group quasi-experimental research design was employed to two classes using eSIMath-based instruction, and two classes via conventional instruction, who were identified through a local diagnostic examination given by the teacher-researcher before the instruction for the second semester of the school year 2019-2020. The data

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Balazo, Glory Fe Oraller. "Struggling Learners' Achievement Level Using Electronic Strategic Intervention Material In Mathematics (ESIMATH)." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 5, no. 2 (2021): 207–14. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v5i2.96.

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This study focused on the achievement levels of Grade 11 struggling learners using an electronic Strategic Intervention Material in Mathematics (eSIMath) in teaching least mastered competencies in the subject, Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. A Solomon four-group quasi-experimental research design was employed to two classes using eSIMath-based instruction, and two classes via conventional instruction, who were identified through a local diagnostic examination given by the teacher-researcher before the instruction for the second semester of the school year 2019-2020. The data

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Sarkar, Kaushik, Aparajita Dasgupta, Multipada Sinha, and Bhaskar Shahbabu. "Effects of health empowerment intervention on resilience of adolescents in a tribal area: A study using the Solomon four-groups design." Social Science & Medicine 190 (October 2017): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.044.

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Anyiendah, Mary Susan, Paul A. Odundo, and Agnes Kibuyi. "Effect of Word Recognition Skills on Learners’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension in Vihiga County, Kenya." International Journal of English Language Teaching 7, no. 2 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijelt.v7n2p45.

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Word recognition is one of the comprehension processing skills encapsulated by the interactive approach instruction. Word recognition skills enable readers to understand the meaning of comprehension passages by decoding the sound of new words. Learners in Vihiga County perform poorer in English language examinations than their peers in neighbouring counties. The performance is weaker in comprehension than in grammar sections of the English paper. Despite this, there is paucity of empirical information about the nexus between activation of word recognition skills and learners’ achievement in re

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Ludolph, Ramona, and Peter J. Schulz. "Tackling the outcome bias related to the effectiveness of antibiotics against the common cold: results of a randomized controlled trial applying the Solomon four-group design." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 2 (2019): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby122.

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Abstract In recent years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an international public health priority. In the area of human medicine, the mis- and overuse of antibiotics is an important contributor to the development of AMR. Such a non-prudent use of antibiotics is especially prevalent in the treatment of viral infections such as the common cold. The present study aims to address the misconception, also known as outcome bias, that antibiotics may be an effective treatment against the common cold by providing a “debiasing” risk communication intervention. It aims at conveying the non-exis

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