Academic literature on the topic 'Solomon Islands History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Solomon Islands History"
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Møller Andersen, N. "The coral bugs, genus Halovelia Bergroth (Hemiptera, Veliidae). I. History, classification, and taxonomy of species except the H. malaya-group." Insect Systematics & Evolution 20, no. 1 (1989): 75–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631289x00519.
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AbstractMarine bugs of the genus Halovelia Bergroth inhabit intertidal coral reefs and rocky coasts along the continents and larger islands bordering the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific Ocean as well as on island groups and atolls in these areas. A historical review of the study of the genus is presented and different views upon its classification discussed. The genus Halovelia is redescribed together with its type species, H. maritima Bergroth, and four other previously known species. Fifteen new species are described: H. carolinensis sp.n. (Caroline Islands), H. halophila sp.n. (Sumbawa, Sabah), H. corallia sp.n. (Papua New Guinea, Australia: Queensland), H. esakii sp.n. (Solomon Islands, Irian New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Palau Islands, Philippines), H. polhemi sp.n. (Australia: Northern Territory), H. solomon sp.n. (Solomon Islands), H. novoguinensis sp.n. (Papua New Guinea), H. fosteri sp.n. (Fiji Islands), H. tongaensis sp.n. (Tonga Islands), H. heron sp.n. (Australia: S. Queensland), H. fijiensis sp.n. (Fiji Islands), H. inflexa sp.n. (Sudan, Red Sea), H. annemariae sp.n. (Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea), H. lannae sp.n. (Java, Singapore, West Malaysia, Sabah, Philippines), and H. wallacei sp.n. (Sulawesi, Sumbawa). Two names are synonymized: H. marianarum Usinger syn.n. (= H. bergrothi Esaki) and H. danae Herring syn.n. (= H. bergrothi Esaki). The following species are removed from the genus Halovelia: H. papuensis Esaki, H. loyaltiensis China, and H. (Colpovelia) angulana Polhemus. A key to the species is included. The taxonomy of the H. malaya-group will be presented in Part II of this work together with the cladistics, ecology, biology, and biogeography of the genus.
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McDougall, Debra. "Malaita: a pictorial history from Solomon Islands." Journal of Pacific History 51, no. 4 (2016): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2016.1258447.
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Terebov, Oleg. "A new aspect in the competition for the Pacific Ocean: the USA, China and Solomon Islands." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760023486-1.
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The article examines the situation developed in 2022 after Solomon Islands had signed a security cooperation agreement with the PRC, as well as the US response to this event, and their attempts to restore their influence in that state. The background of those developments, including the place of Solomon Islands in US history and Solomon Islands’ protection of their waters from unregulated American fishing in the 1980s, are reviewed as well.
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Wairiu, Morgan. "History of the Forestry Industry in Solomon Islands:." Journal of Pacific History 42, no. 2 (2007): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223340701461684.
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Wake, Alexandra. "Journalism training aid by Australians: A case study in the Solomon Islands." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 2 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i2.68.
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After the ethnic clashes and generally poor plight of Solomon Islands at the turn of the millennium, the country has been the recipient of substantial international foreign aid, which has included journalism education and training, particularly from Australia. However, little independent research has been done about the role of Australian trainers and the history of journalism training in this period of change and restoration. This article seeks to provide a point-in-time report on journalism training in an aid context, in a bid to provide a baseline for future investigation of changes in the media landscape and training in Solomon Islands. This research draws on independent in-depth interviews with engaged stakeholders in the Solomon Islands, including journalists, civil leaders and government figures. It also discusses the Australian government-funded media aid programmes, including the Solomon Islands Media Assistance Scheme (SOLMAS) and its unnamed predecessor.
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Laracy, Hugh. "Marists as Mariners: The Solomon Islands Story." International Journal of Maritime History 3, no. 1 (1991): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149100300104.
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Aqorau, Transform. "Governance and Development in Solomon Islands:." Journal of Pacific History 42, no. 2 (2007): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223340701461692.
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Aldrich, Robert. "The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands." Itinerario 24, no. 3-4 (2000): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014558.
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At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.
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Crowley, Terry. "Say, C'Est, And Subordinate Constructions in Melanesian Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 4, no. 2 (1989): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.4.2.03cro.
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Melanesian Pidgin is a cover term for closely related varieties of the English-lexifier Pacific Pidgin that is spoken in Vanuatu (where it is known as Bislama), Papua New Guinea (where it is known as Tok Pisin), and Solomon Islands (where it is known as Pijin). Structurally and lexically, Bislama is closer to Solomon Islands Pijin than either is to Tok Pisin. The precise nature of many of the structural differences between these three varieties of Melanesian Pidgin has not been widely described, partly because Bislama, and particularly Solomon Islands Pijin, are relatively little described in the literature. This paper aims to describe one grammatical feature which differentiates these three varieties. The grammatical feature that is the subject of this paper is the form se. It carries a particularly high functional load in Bislama. The same form is also present in Solomons Pijin, though in this variety of Melanesian Pidgin, it has a sharply reduced functional load as compared with Bislama. On the other hand, in most current varieties of Tok Pisin, it is almost completely absent. In those varieties of Tok Pisin in which it is present, its status as a genuinely independent grammatical or lexical item is questionable. This paper will also go somewhat beyond a straightforward structural description of se in Melanesian Pidgin, as it will also reconstruct its history in the three varieties of the language. The paper will concentrate on Bislama, as it is in this variety of the language that the form se is most widely used.
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Gordon, Tamar, and Geoffrey M. White. "Identity through History: Living Stories in a Solomon Islands Society." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 24, no. 3 (1994): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206720.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Solomon Islands History"
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Dureau, Christine May. "Mixed blessings Christianity and history in women's lives on Simbo, Western Solomon Islands /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/71278.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Macquarie University, School of Behavioural Sciences, 1994.<br>Bibliography: leaves 357-378.<br>Introduction -- MANDEGUSU -- Totoso kame rane - time long ago -- Totoso rodomo - time of darkness -- EDDYSTONE ISLAND -- Tataviti bule - pacification -- Totoso taqalo - time of light/cleanliness -- SIMBO -- Tinoa - lives -- Koburu - child -- Tinana - mother -- Vinarialava - marriage -- Rereko iviva - significant woman -- Qoele, tomate - aged woman, ancestor.<br>This thesis considers the ethnographic history of Simbo, a small island in the western Solomon Islands. The particular focus is upon the significance of conversion to Christianity and subsequent Christian practice, in shaping social and cultural issues and practices in the 1990s. Women's lives, in particular those aspects concerned with kinship, are the lens through which historical changes are viewed. By juxtaposing the structures suggested by indigenous lifecycle categories and the differentiation inherent in individual biographical material, I try to reflect the regularities and continuities within Simbo society as well as the variability and unpredictability of sociality at any given moment. At the same time, the mutability of structure is reflected in the transformed significance of institutions and ostensibly similar practices. -- The period under scrutiny is that between c. 1900-1990, which covers social practices and events from immediately prior to pacification and the Methodist Mission's establishment in the New Georgia Group in 1902 up until the present. I argue that since pacification, the progressive development of indigenous Christianity has been the major determinant of Simbo responses to the world system. This is not to argue that pacification represented the first intrusion of Europe or the beginning of social transformations. Constructions of indigenous societies as having been static entities before contact with Europe are critiqued. Pacification, after more than a century of contact with Europe, had revolutionary implications because of its significance from local worldviews, as much as for its demonstration of British political "legitimacy". -- Christianity, then, cannot be divorced from the reality of political and economic subordination throughout the twentieth century. Nor, however, can it be simpHstically treated as merely the ideological face of expanding capitalism. Following J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, I treat the non-material aspects of social life as being as significant as the material. From its earliest days, the Methodist Mission both facilitated and hampered the interests of government and traders. But it is not only mission personnel who are important here. Simbo people have consistently shaped and deployed their own Christian frameworks. If they never resisted it, they have certainly transformed what was imposed on them ninety years ago from ideology to lived hegemony.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>xxiii, 378 leaves ill. (some col.), maps
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Seller, Robbyn. "Tall tales of tradition : Solomon Island Kastom stories in transition." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24105.
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Historical conditions of colonialism, and more recently, the emergence of a post-colonial state and urbanization, have brought about rapid socio-cultural change in the Solomon Islands, characterized by heterogeneity and the influx of new cultural products. Throughout this process, notions of tradition have emerged, iterated largely through the multivocal category of kastom which is fundamentally construed in opposition to notions of Christianity and modernization. This thesis examines how these changes have affected stories, specifically a group of narratives called "kastom stories," told by students in the urban setting, and how these narratives have become a space for tradition to be stated and created. Notions of genre are explored to discover how such an amalgam of stories as that of the kastom stories regarded here could be considered as a group. I examine story structures to understand how elements from diverse sources could become integrated to the stories, and look at transformations which, in distanciating the stories from their original socio-cultural context of production, serve to recontextualize them in their present socio-cultural setting.
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Foukona, Joseph Daniel. "Land, Law and History: Actors, Networks and Land Reform in Solomon Islands." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144607.
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From the onset of the colonial era, land reform in Solomon
Islands has focused on changing customary landholding
arrangements so as to improve productivity and stimulate economic
growth. Most land in Melanesia remains under customary tenure,
which is broadly communal by nature and cannot be alienated
without profound social disruption. Customary land, social
relations, livelihoods, power structures, knowledge, identity and
place are all inter-related in Melanesian life-worlds. This
complexity is still poorly understood by those promoting the view
that customary land hinders development, and needs to be reformed
in order to establish secure property rights and enhance
productivity.
Land reform has been on the Solomon Islands development agenda
for more than a century. Its implementation has always focused on
enacting land laws to facilitate the transition of customary land
to private property rights regimes. This is founded on a
development model based on economic premises that remain largely
unchanged since the colonial period. This thesis draws on Actor
Network Theory (ANT) as a frame to extend the analysis of land
reform in Solomon Islands over a long historical trajectory.
Using ANT as a frame in this thesis draws particular attention to
the roles and networks of key actors in land reform.
Land reform has often been reduced to questions of land
registration and land recording. But in Solomon Islands, as
elsewhere in Melanesia, the explicit focus in land reform
narratives is on ‘unlocking the potential of land held under
customary tenure’, because it is assumed that land is ‘locked
up’ under custom. Such narratives are part of the global flow
of ideas transmitted and translated by key actors. This thesis
seeks to provide insights on the role of particular actors and
their networks to explain why land reform has been a persistent
challenge in Solomon Islands, from 1893 to the present, and how
the challenges of land reform might be addressed in a more
equitable and effective manner.
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Reardon, Jeff T. "The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942 – 1943." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3327141.
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Nagaoka, Takuya. "Late prehistoric-early historic houses and settlement space on Nusa Roviana, New Georgia Group, Solomon Islands." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/9507.
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This thesis examines house sites, settlements, and landscapes in the late prehistoric - early historic period in Roviana, New Georgia Group, the Solomon Islands. The focus of this study is Nusa Roviana, a small barrier island in the Roviana Lagoon, where past archaeological investigations documented large nucleated settlements. Those settlements were the politico-religious and residential centres of powerful coastal polities which conducted large-scale headhunting expeditions to neighbouring islands during the nineteenth century. Employing a household-archaeology approach, in combination with a "house society" perspective and practice theory, I investigate how houses and settlement space were socially constructed through everyday activities which meanwhile structured them, and were eventually transformed by them. Patterns of household variability within and among house sites are examined to understand their relation to spatial organization, temporal change, and socioeconomic diversity at the community level. This research provides a detailed picture of daily activities and social interaction in early historic villages, when islanders' active interaction with Europeans led to intensification of chiefs' political-economic activities, which revolved around shell valuable production and headhunting, and this further accelerated social stratification. Archaeological, historical, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic data is synthesized to construct a model of changes in settlement space which reflected the long-term processes of economic, social, and ideological transformation. Development of large nucleated settlements was fundamentally related to dynamic socio-political process in late prehistoric to early historic Roviana society, in which social elites strove to construct an enduring house to maintain linkage to their ancestors and transmit the estate and its status to future generations. The emerging elites used spatial settings in settlement space to naturalise social differentiation and legitimate their political authority in a socially dynamic period during the nineteenth century, which in turn created, through time, a hierarchically organised settlement structure. Differing spatial and material patterning among individual settlements is interpreted as reflecting variation in political strategies and socio-political structure of coastal polities.
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Spence, Johnny Hampton. "South Pacific Destroyers: The United States Navy and the Challenges of Night Surface Combat in the Solomons Islands during World War II." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1865.
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During the South Pacific campaigns of World War II, the United States Navy faced a formidable challenge in waging nighttime surface battles against the Japanese Navy. In a war that emphasized the carrier and battleship, the little destroyer became a key player in these actions. By studying this campaign from the perspective of the destroyers, three key factors emerge that allowed the Americans to achieve victory: innovation in tactics, adaption of technology, and efficient use of resources.
The research for the thesis was based upon action reports, oral histories, and other documents obtained from the National Archives, Naval War College, Naval History and Heritage Command Center, and East Carolina University. The Japanese perspective was attained from numerous secondary sources.
Innovation in tactics, technology, and resources allowed the Americans to persevere through severe defeats to achieve success against a very skilled Japanese Navy in the seas of the South Pacific.
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Chevalier, Christopher. "Content and Context: Connecting Oral History and Social History in Solomon Islands." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/238277.
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'When a person dies, a library is lost' is an adage in oral history that underpins and motivates this thesis. Not only is personal history lost but also social history. This thesis explores the use of oral history methods to record personal and professional histories in Solomon Islands and to recover post-war social history that might otherwise be lost or forgotten. The thesis presents the life histories and oral testimonies of 27 Islanders and seven expatriates who lived and worked in Solomon Islands during the colonial and independence eras, and relates their experiences to the post-war social history of Solomon Islands. The life histories and oral testimonies are presented in three collective case studies. The first case study includes four individuals (two indigenous and two expatriate) who were prominent in Solomon Islands government and civil society. The second case study includes five Australian missionary nurses and relates to their recollections of their work at Fauabu hospital on Malaita from 1968 to 1984. The third case study records the career histories of 25 nurses who trained during the colonial era and became nursing officers after Solomon Islands achieved Independence in 1978. The interview narratives were summarised and supplemented with other source materials to produce individual, group and collective histories. These histories illuminate multiple connections, changes and continuities in Solomon Islands since the Pacific War ended in 1945.
The thesis presents a new model of oral history methodology in six 'domains' (visual, spatial, oral-aural, textual, numerical and digital) covering three phases of oral history: primary (recording and collection), secondary (curating and processing), and tertiary (analysis and interpretation). I also develop a social history framework which enables individual and group lives to be situated within their wider social, historical and geographical contexts, and viewed from the micro (personal and group), meso (social, institutional and cultural) and macro (national and international) perspectives.
The thesis examines literature from oral history, social history and sociology in particular, C. Wright Mills' Sociological Imagination (1959) and R.W. Connell's Southern Theory (2007). I also draw on, and draw attention to, Solomon Islands history and anthropology, and decolonisation of Pacific history and research. Pacific scholars such as Tracey Banivanua Mar, David Gegeo, Kabini Sanga, Linda Tuhiwai Smith and Teresia Teaiwa argue that Pacific history and research by outsiders often ignore or diminish Indigenous history and peoples. Decolonising oral history methods requires methods and protocols that are culturally appropriate and the engagement of Indigenous people in all phases of the research process. However well-intentioned outsiders might be, using oral history methods in academic research can recolonise (or neocolonise) Pacific oral history by adopting hegemonic academic methodologies and protocols.
The contributions made by this thesis fall into three categories. Firstly, it collects individual and collective histories and illuminates multiple levels and contexts of social history in post-war Solomon Islands. Secondly, it contributes to the history of nursing and medical services, revealing the extent to which they have been shaped by the colonial legacy, as well as the extent to which they continue to be influenced by international agencies in the post-independence era. Thirdly, it presents two heuristics, a conceptual model of oral history and a social history framework, that bring clarity and coherence to the complexities of oral history research and to the social history of Solomon Islands.
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Rizzo, Joe. "Solomon Islands : the untouched paradise?" Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32999/.
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This thesis examines the social, economic, environmental,
political and cultural changes which have occurred within
indigenous Solomon Islander communities. It explores the many
shifts that have occurred since white colonisation and which
continue today in the post-colonial era.
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Haddow, Eve Katharine Ettershank. "Excavating Eden: Missionaries, Material Culture, and Migration Theories in the History of Pacific Archaeology, 1797–1940." Phd thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/210464.
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From the arrival of the London Missionary Society in
the Pacific in 1797, Anglophone missionaries began to engage with
the prehistory of the region. By offering observations and
published accounts, collecting material culture, and recording
oral traditions and language terms, they contributed to emerging
theories of the prehistory and origins of Pacific people. Some
missionaries also presented their own interpretations of the
available data. This thesis considers the involvement of
Anglophone missionaries in the development of archaeology in the
Pacific through the 19th and early 20th centuries and explores
how and to what extent they were influenced by local and global
frameworks. These frameworks included local artefact and
knowledge networks as well as scholarly contributions by
individuals and scientific societies. The thesis is framed around
two individuals: Reverend Frederick Gatherer Bowie, active with
the Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu (then New Hebrides),
1896–1933, and Reverend Charles Elliot Fox, active with the
Melanesian Mission in Solomon Islands, 1902–1973. Evidence is
drawn from the artefact collecting activities and writing of both
men, and from Bowie's field photography. I demonstrate
developments in missionary theories of prehistory over time,
which can be traced alongside wider scholarly paradigm shifts and
developing notions of 'time' as related to understandings of the
human past. As well as exploring the agency of missionary
researchers and their interlocutors, I seek to unravel the
influence of interwoven knowledge networks on missionary
engagement with Pacific prehistory, developing a narrative of the
people and things involved. My research highlights the necessity
of examining a range of actors and things circulating across
different locales in the development of Pacific archaeology as a
discipline. Such studies contribute to our understanding of how
certain disciplinary concepts became popular and were replicated
over time, and conversely how other theories fell out of favour.
I argue that missionaries of different denominations, who may
have previously been overlooked, have a place in this broader
historical narrative. I also argue that missionary research
resources have potential value for Pacific communities today, and
that research presented in this thesis can facilitate access to
such resources.
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Doyle, Kimberley Anne. "Archipelagos of Peace: Australian Peacekeepers in Bougainville, East Timor and Solomon Islands 1997-2006." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/104836.
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Since 1945 Australians have served as peacekeepers across the world in Africa, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Pacific. They have contributed to one of the most startling attempts at worldwide collective security in human history. That sweeping story has been well explored, but the experiences of peacekeepers themselves have remained rather elusive. And yet peacekeeping outcomes largely depend on what happens at the ground level between people. The central aim of this thesis is to pull these stories from obscurity and demonstrate that peacekeepers’ recollections, descriptions and perspectives are a central and necessary part of peacekeeping histories. That story is explored here by examining Australian peacekeepers’ oral histories of serving in Bougainville, Solomon Islands and East Timor between 1997 and approximately 2006. These are valuable case studies because all three peace operations overlapped in the same decade, all occurred under the same Prime Minister and Foreign Minister and all were elided together in strategic and political discourse. More significantly, each was also bound, in Australian imaginations, to a nebulous region called ‘the Pacific’. This unique intersection of the three operations creates opportunities to explore broader questions about Australia’s relationship with the Pacific. Though not exclusively used, peacekeepers’ narratives are central to this history. Over sixty Australians from across the country shared their stories for this work. The peacekeepers’ came from three different organisations – the Australian Defence Force, the Australian Public Service and the Australian Federal Police. Exploring what peacekeeping meant to people across these three organisations means this history tells a more varied story than would be possible by focusing solely on one group. That variety also makes it possible to further dissect the nuances and connectedness of peacekeepers’ representations of national, regional and Pacific identities. Ultimately, this is a history of peacekeeping is centred by peacekeepers’ own experiences. All History is, of course, people centred in its own way, but it does not inevitably follow that people are always the centre of the narrative. They often exist in and amongst events swirling around them, actors for sure, but not necessarily the stars. That has certainly been the case for peacekeeping histories so far. We need those stories, but we need the ones in this thesis too. Peacekeeping in the Pacific has very much been about relationships, about very human attempts to understand what it means to build peace in varied and complex contexts; and doing so while labouring under various historical and cultural inheritances that complicated and made specific peacekeepers’ struggles and experiences. This is a story that meets peacekeepers in that space while also showing that those experiences say much about being Australian, being a peacekeeper and being in the Pacific at the turn of the century.
Books on the topic "Solomon Islands History"
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Wealth of the Solomons: A history of a Pacific archipelago, 1800-1978. University of Hawaii Press, 1987.
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White, Geoffrey M. Identity through history: Living stories in a Solomon Islands society. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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Tradition and Christianity: The Colonial transformation of a Solomon Islands society. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.
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O'Brien, Claire. A greater than Solomon here: A story of Catholic Church in Solomon Islands 1567-1967. Catholic Church Solomon Islands, 1995.
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Ben, Burt, ed. Living tradition: A changing life in Solomon Islands. British Museum Press, 1997.
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Ben, Burt, ed. Living tradition: A changing life in Solomon Islands. University of Hawai'i Press, 1997.
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Crawford, John. New Zealand's Pacific frontline: Guadalcanal-Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942-45. New Zealand Defence Force, 1992.
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Braithwaite, John. Pillars and Shadows: Statebuilding as peacebuilding in Solomon Islands. ANU Press, 2010.
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Braithwaite, John. Pillars and shadows: Statebuilding as peacebuilding in Solomon Islands. ANU E Press, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Solomon Islands History"
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Dureau, Christine. "Converting Birth on Simbo, Western Solomon Islands." In Science Across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Science. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2599-9_25.
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Burt, Ben. "Writing Local History in Solomon Islands." In Pacific Answers to Western Hegemony. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003135760-5.
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Gegeo, David W., and Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo. "15. World War II Experience and Life History: Two Cases from Malaita, Solomon Islands." In The Pacific Theater. University of Hawaii Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824847197-019.
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Graham, Alan. "Late Cretaceous through Early Eocene North American Vegetational History: 70-50 Ma." In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0008.
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At the end of the Cretaceous the Appalachian Mountains had undergone 180 m.y. of erosion since their principal uplift in the Middle Pennsylvanian through the Late Permian (300-250 Ma), but they were higher and more rugged than at present and provided a somewhat more diverse vertically zoned array of habitats. In contrast, the Rocky Mountains were only ~1 km above sea level at 65 Ma; the Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Mountains would not attain substantial heights until late in the Tertiary. Computer models in the NM mode, which simulate conditions in western North America in the Late Cretaceous, show a nearly continuous westerly jet stream with relatively small amplitude between the troughs (lowpressure systems) and ridges (high-pressure systems). The present north-south seasonal meandering of the jet stream was also less. Thus, in the models precipitation and temperatures were more uniform throughout the year and there was less regional differentiation in climate. CO2 concentrations during the Cretaceous are estimated to have been 4-8 times to 10-12 times higher than at present. With a 2-5°C warming for each doubling of CO2, this provides part of the explanation for the higher MAT documented for the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary. High CO2 concentrations near the end of the Cretaceous may have been a holdover from earlier intense volcanism in the South Pacific that began to subside at ~ 100 Ma. The term epeirogeny refers to vertical motions of the Earth’s crust, and these movements affect the ocean floor, as well as the continents. There was a 50% increase in the production of ocean crust in the Middle Cretaceous compared to earlier times, as represented by the early Aptian Ontong Java Plateau, the Earth’s largest oceanic plateau, now submerged over 2 km off the Solomon Islands. A sense of the magnitude of this structure can be gained by comparing its volume with that of the surface-exposed Deccan Traps of India (66 Ma). The latter are ~1 km thick and have a volume of 1.5 x 106 km3. The Ontong Java Plateau is ~36 km thick and has a volume of 50 x 106 km3.
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Mitchell, Peter. "A Prodigal Return." In Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
It is one of the great ironies of history—equine and human—that the continent on which the horse was born was also the continent on which it died out. For after more than 40 million years, sometime between 12,000 and 7,600 years ago, the last truly wild horse in North America was no more. And yet, as it turned out, that animal’s last breath marked not an end, but only a hiatus, one that ended when Columbus—on his second trans-Atlantic voyage—brought horses to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. This chapter therefore looks at four interrelated questions: the initial arrival of people in the Americas over 13,000 years ago; the variety of horses that they encountered there; how far their interactions with those horses contributed to the latter’s extinction; and how the horse returned to North America following Columbus’s voyage. When, where, and how people first arrived in the Americas remain some of archaeology’s most hotly contested topics, but we do know that horses were there to welcome them. Before considering how these two different mammals—the bipedal newcomer and the quadrupedal native—interacted, we need to answer the questions with which this paragraph began. Almost certainly humans entered the Americas from Siberia: early settlers in the western Pacific reached no further east than the Solomon Islands, while arguments that eastern North America was reached from Europe by Upper Palaeolithic hunters moving by boat and across ice around the North Atlantic fly in the face of both technology and chronology. But if the ancestors of Native Americans did indeed arrive in the New World from Asia (something that all genetic analyses of both modern and ancient populations confirm), when and how did they do so? Until recently the archaeological consensus—especially among Anglophone scholars in North America—was that this occurred around 13,000 years ago and was effected by people taking advantage of the globally depressed sea levels of the Last Ice Age to cross the Bering Straits when they formed part of a much broader landmass, Beringia.