Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sols – Acidité

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sols – Acidité'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

KUMAR, MANOJ. "Rising levels of soil acidity in Meghalaya: Evidences and Imperatives." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10073.

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In order to examine the current status of soil acidity in Meghalaya, representative soil samples (n= 497) were collected (during 2015-2016) from across the state and analyzed for soil acidity and associated parameters. Averaged across the samples, pH of the soils was found to be very strongly acidic (4.94). Nearly 20 % of the soils had pH below 4.50, 59% below pH 5.0 and 80% below pH 5.50. Only 3.4% of the samples recorded pH more than 6.0. East Khasi Hills District had the maximum percentage (95.1%) of strongly acidic soils (pH ≤ 5.50) while Garo Hills had the least (50.2%). All other districts recorded more than 85% of the strongly acidic soils. Average exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al and effective CEC were found to be 1.60, 1.27 and 3.86 meq/100g soil, respectively. Mean base saturation was recorded below 60%. Aluminium saturation (percentage of effective CEC being occupied by exch. Al) ranged from 1.5 to 79.7% with its mean value being as high as 33%. Principal component analysis provided three PCs with Eigen values >1 and together they explained 83.2 % of the variance in total dataset. The soil acidity in Meghalaya is on rise, with 80.2% of its soils being strongly acidic (pH ≤ 5.50) in contrast to the previous reports of 53% soils being strongly acidic. This calls for widespread adoption of soil acidity ameliorative measures in agriculture of Meghalaya, Northeast India.
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2

Nascimento Brum, Lucas, Julio César Wincher Soares, Daniel Nunes Krum, Thaynan Hentz de Lima, and Otávio Ladislau Garcia Medeiros. "VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA ACIDEZ POTENCIAL DOS SOLOS, COM PREPARO CONVENCIONAL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n1p126-135.

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VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA ACIDEZ POTENCIAL DOS SOLOS, COM PREPARO CONVENCIONAL LUCAS NASCIMENTO BRUM1, JULIO CÉSAR WINCHER SOARES2, DANIEL NUNES KRUM3, THAYNAN HENTZ DE LIMA4, OTÁVIO LADISLAU GARCIA MEDEIROS5 1 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, lucasbrum13@hotmail.com. 2 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, juliowincher@gmail.com. 3 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, Daniel.krum@hotmail.com. 4 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, Thaynanh.lima@hotmail.com. 5 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, otaviogarciamedeiros@outlook.com. RESUMO: O reconhecimento da variabilidade espaço e temporal das propriedades ligadas a acidez do solo permite o manejo eficiente da sua fertilidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi predizer a variabilidade espaço-temporal das propriedades ligadas a acidez e a demanda por calcário de solos após a inserção da cultura da soja, com preparo convencional, sob o campo nativo. A pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda escola da Universidade Regional Integrada, Campus de Santiago, RS. Foram coletadas amostras de solo na profundidade de 0 a 0,2 m, em 52 pontos, através de uma grade de 15 x 15 m, nos diferentes momentos e sistemas de ocupação: campo nativo (2016) e soja em plantio convencional (2017). Através da geoestatística, observou-se a variabilidade espaço-temporal das variáveis ligadas a acidez do solo e a demanda por calcário nos diferentes momentos e sistemas de ocupação. Registrou-se a redução da acidez potencial e, consequentemente, a redução na demanda por calcário. As variáveis estudadas, nos diferentes momentos, apresentaram relações espaciais em sua distribuição na paisagem e a densidade amostral mostrou-se de grande importância para as predições acuradas, tendo em vista que o menor valor de alcance foi de 28,84 m, perfazendo 12 pontos de observação por hectare. Palavras-chave: Vegetação nativa; Acidez do solo; Monitoramento espaço-temporal; Manejo e conservação do solo; Agricultura digital. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF POTENCIAL ACIDITY IN SOILS IN CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE ABSTRACT: The recognition of the spatial-temporal variability of properties linked to acidity soil allows the efficient management of its fertility. The aim of this work was to predict the spatio-temporal variability of properties linked to acidity and demand for limestone soils after the insertion of soybean crop, with conventional tillage, under the native field. The research was carried out at the Fazenda Escola of the Integrated Regional University, Campus de Santiago, RS. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, at 52 points, through a 15 x 15 m grid, at different times and occupation systems: native field (2016) and soybean under conventional tillage (2017). Through geostatistical, the spatio-temporal variability of linked variables to soil acidity and the demand for limestone was observed different times and occupation systems. There was a reduction in potential acidity and, consequently, a reduction in demand for limestone. The studied variables, at different times, showed spatial relationships in their distribution in the landscape and the sample density proved to be of great importance for accurate predictions, considering that the lowest range value was 28.84 m, totaling 12 points observation rate per hectare. Keywords: Native vegetation; Acidity of soil. Spatial-temporal monitoring. Soil Conservation and Management. Digital agriculture.
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3

Schier, George A., and Roy L. Patton. "Damping-off disease of pine seedlings on soils treated with simulated acidic rain." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-091.

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Damping-off during seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinusrigida Mill., Pinusechinata Mill., Pinustaeda L., and Pinusstrobus L. were observed for 28 days on three New Jersey (U.S.A.) Pine Barrens soils (Atsion, Downer, Lakewood) treated with simulated acidic rain solutions of pH 4.2, 3.5, or 3.0 (SO42−:Cl−:NO3−, 2.2:1.4:1.0). The soils were sandy, highly acidic, and deficient in mineral nutrients. Treatment with rain solution was started 53 days before planting the pine seeds and continued during germination. Seedling emergence and seedling mortality were affected significantly by solution pH, soils, and species. Seedling emergence of all pine species on Atsion and Lakewood soils decreased with increasing solution acidity. On Downer soil seedling emergence was unaffected by solution acidity probably because the buffering action of the soil decreased the acidity of the rain solution. Seedling mortality of all species increased with increasing treatment acidity on all soils and was significantly higher on Atsion (100% at pH 3.0) than on the other soils. Although solution acidity significantly increased the concentration of Al in the soil solution, there was no evidence of Al toxicity. Two isolated fungal species, a Trichoderma and a Penicillium, significantly reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality of P. rigida in sterile, acid-washed quartz sand; however, neither seedling emergence nor seedling mortality was affected significantly by solution acidity.
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Nguyen, Tho, Khanh Nguyen Nha Dang, and Tu Thi Kim Tran. "Risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model at Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Ca Mau province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 1, no. M1 (June 30, 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v1im1.435.

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This paper assesses the risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model certified by Naturland at Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Camau province. Pond water and sediment was sampled in 8 ponds in March, July and November 2015, dike soil and mangrove soils were sampled in March 2015. Pond sediment and mangrove soils are highly reduced (Eh of top sediment and soils to 60 cm depth range respectively from -299 – -1mV and -321 – -52mV). Pond water ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline (pH of pond water 7.01-8.82) and sediment from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (pH of fresh sediment 6.05-7.64, pHH2O 6.63-7.78, pHKCl 6.35-7.43). Mangrove soils show a large pH range with very low minimums (pHH2O 3.72, pHKCl 3.05), reconfirming the presence of pyrite mineral in the soil profile. Mangrove soils deposited on the dikes (partly oxidized) are very acidic (pHH2O 2.51±0.72, pHKCl 1.81-2.14, exchange acidity 11.56±2.69 meq/100g). At the start of the wet season, pH of pond water reduces sharply as a result of reception of acidic components from the oxidized pyritic material (FeS2) on the dikes. The exchange acidity in pond sediment and mangrove soils are negatively correlated with organic matter, indicating that the decomposition of organic matter under reduced conditions contributes to exchange acidity in pond environment. Risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model is high due to managerial activities (mostly channel digging and disposal of pyrite-containing mangrove soils on the dikes).
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Kalkhoran, Sanaz Shoghi, David Pannell, Tas Thamo, Maksym Polyakov, and Benedict White. "Optimal lime rates for soil acidity mitigation: impacts of crop choice and nitrogen fertiliser in Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19101.

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Many agricultural soils are naturally acidic, and agricultural production can acidify soil through processes such as nitrogen (N) fixation by legumes and application of N fertiliser. This means that decisions about mitigation of soil acidity (e.g. through application of lime), crop rotation and N fertiliser application are interdependent. This paper presents a dynamic model to determine jointly the optimal lime application strategies and N application rates in a rainfed cropping system in Western Australia. The model accounts for two crop rotations (with and without a legume break crop), for the acid tolerance of different crop types, and for differences in the acidifying effect of different N fertilisers. Results show that liming is a profitable strategy to treat acidic soils in the study region, but that there are interactions between N and acidity management. Choice of fertiliser affects optimal lime rates substantially, with the use of a more acidifying ammonium-based fertiliser leading to higher lime rates. The optimal liming strategy is also sensitive to inclusion of a legume crop in the rotation, because its fixed N can be less acidifying than fertiliser, and it allows a reduction in fertiliser rates. Higher rainfall zones have greater N leaching, which contributes to a higher optimal rate of lime. We find that injection of lime into the subsoil increases profit. Optimal lime rates in the absence of subsoil incorporation are higher than usual current practice, although the economic gains from increasing rates are small.
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Ахметзянова, Раиля, Railya Akhmetzyanova, Зульфия Халиуллина, Zul'fiya Haliullina, Андрей Петров, Andrey Petrov, Кирилл Синяшин, and Kirill Sinyashin. "DRILL CUTTINGS AND INCREASE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS YIELD." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a8446e549bb22.30272174.

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The laboratory vegetative chronic experiments, on the example of spring wheat, showed that reclaimed drill cuttings can be used for deoxidizing (liming) acidic soils, increasing the biomass yield in growing agricultural crops. Doses of drill cuttings providing long-term maintenance of optimum acidity of investigated soils are defined.
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Lin, C., W. Lu, and Y. Wu. "Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water: acidity, heavy metals, and crop contamination." Soil Research 43, no. 7 (2005): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04148.

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Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water from the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine, China, were investigated. The pH of the soils could be as low as 3.9. However, most of the mineral acids introduced into the soils by irrigation were transformed to insoluble forms through acid buffering processes and thus temporarily stored in the soils. Different heavy metals exhibited different fraction distribution patterns, with Zn and Cu being mainly associated with organic matter and Pb being primarily bound to oxides (statistically significant at P = 0.05). Although the mean of exchangeable Cd was greatest among the Cd fractions, there was no statistically significant difference between the exchangeable Cd and the oxide-bound Cd (the 2nd greatest fraction) or between the exchangeable Cd and the carbonate-bound Cd (the 3rd greatest fraction). It was also found that there were generally good relationships between the concentrations of various Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd fractions and pH, suggesting that a major proportion of each heavy metal in the soils was mainly derived from the acidic irrigation water. The results also show that the crops grown in these soils were highly contaminated by heavy metals, particularly Cd. The concentration of Cd in the edible portions of most crops was far in excess of the limits set in China National Standards for Vegetables and Fruits and this can be attributable to the extremely high transfer rate of Cd from the soils to the crops under the cropping system adopted in the study area.
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Sanaullah, A. F. M., M. Akhtaruzzaman, and M. A. Uddin. "Effect of Topography and Soil Depth on Clay Content, Organic Matter Content, Active Acidity, Reserve Acidity and Cation Exchange Capacity of Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i2.26867.

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Soil samples were collected from M. R. Khan tea-estate area of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. Organic matter, active acidity, reserve acidity, cation exchange capacity, clay content and textural class of the collected soil samples for different topographic positions and depths were determined. The percentage of sand, silt and clay varied from 59.75 to 70.50, 12.50 to 20.00 and 14.50 to 22.75, respectively. Active acidity and reserve acidity of the soils varied from 4.13 to 5.82 and 3.46 to 4.84, respectively. Organic matter content varied from 0.37% to 1.93%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied from 11.42 to 24.86 cmolKg-1. Soils were acidic in nature with considerably high reserve acidity. The measured parameters of the soil samples were plotted and analyzed with reference to topography and depth. The parameters have been found to vary with sampling sites, depths and topography.
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Miller, J. J., and S. Pawluk. "Genesis of Solonetzic soils as a function of topography and seasonal dynamics." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-029.

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A Gleyed Black Solonetz at a depressional slope position, a Black Solonetz at a lower slope position, a Black Solodized Solonetz at a mid-slope position, and a Black Solod at an upper slope position in central Alberta, were investigated using chemical, physical and mineralogical techniques to determine the role of topographic position and season in their genesis. Solonization, as indicated by electrical conductivity (EC) values < 4 dS m−1 and exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) values > 15% in the B horizon, was greatest in the Gleyed Black Solonetz, and then decreased in the soils upslope. Solonization occurred during the spring, summer and fall in the B horizon of the Gleyed Black Solonetz and Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solod, and during the spring in the B horizon of the Black Solonetz, Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solodized Solonetz, and Bnt2 horizon of the Black Solod. Solodization, as indicated by the development of Ae and AB horizons, acidic conditions and higher dithionite-extractable Al in the upper sola, and high exchangeable acidity in the upper B horizons, was greatest in the Black Solod at the upper slope position, moderate in the Black Solodized Solonetz at the mid-slope position, and absent in the two soils at the lower slope positions. Solodization as reflected by exchangeable acidity, also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, particularly in the upper B horizons. Seasonal variations of exchangeable Na, Ca and Mg in the B horizons, however, were slight to nonexistent. Topographic position and seasonal fluctuations of soluble salts and exchangeable acidity in the B horizons played a major role in the genesis of soils in this Solonetzic catena. Key words: Solonetzic catena, solonization, solodization, topography, seasonal dynamics
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Agrahari, Raj Kishan, Yuriko Kobayashi, Pankaj Borgohain, Sanjib Kumar Panda, and Hiroyuki Koyama. "Aluminum-Specific Upregulation of GmALS3 in the Shoots of Soybeans: A Potential Biomarker for Managing Soybean Production in Acidic Soil Regions." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091228.

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Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a global agricultural problem that limits crop productivity through the inhibition of root growth. However, poor management associated with the application of soil acidity amendments such as lime (CaCO3) in certain crop types can pose a threat to low-input farming practices. Accordingly, it is important to develop appropriate techniques for the management of crop production in acidic soils. In this study, we identified ALS3 (ALUMINUM SENSITIVE 3) in soybeans (Glycine max, cultivar Toyomasari), which is highly expressed in the shoot under Al stress. GmALS3 (Glyma.10G047100) expression was found to be Al-specific under various stress conditions. We analyzed GmALS3 expression in the shoots of soybean plants grown in two different types of acidic soils (artificial and natural acidic soil) with different levels of liming and found that GmALS3 expression was suppressed with levels of liming that have been shown to eliminate soil Al3+ toxicity. Using soybeans as a model, we identified a potential biomarker that could indicate Al toxicity and appropriate liming levels for soybeans cultivated in acidic soils.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

Landat, Emmanuel. "Etude hydrogéochimique de la nappe superficielle dans un remblai, sous un site industriel." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3027.

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Salmon, Sandrine. "Impact de l'acidité du sol et des interactions biologiques sur la distribution des collemboles : Interaction particulière entre Heteromurus nitidus (collembole) et les lombricides." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0029.

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Divers travaux visent à déterminer les paramètres abiotiques qui contrôlent la présence des espèces animales du sol afin de pouvoir les utiliser comme bioindicateurs. Le facteur le plus étudié est le pH du sol, d'une part parce que l'on observe une tendance générale à l'acidification des sols forestiers, d'autre part parce qu'une modification de l'acidité du sol induit de profonds changements dans la composition spécifique des microarthropodes, en particulier des collemboles (Hexapodes). Cependant la relation entre les facteurs abiotiques et la distribution d'une espèce est affectée par des interactions complexes. L'impact de l'acidité du sol sur la distribution du collembole Heteromurus nitidus a été étudié. Cette espèce est uniquement localisée dans les humus de forme mull à pH > 5. Un effet direct du pH seul (solutions tampons) sur le comportement d'H. Nitidus a été observé, mais il n'explique pas son absence dans les sols à pH 4-5, qui lui sont par ailleurs favorables en conditions d'élevage. Une attraction d'H. Nitidus par les lombricides, en particulier par le mucus et l'ammonium qu'ils excrètent, a été découverte. Les modalités de cette attraction ont été étudiées. Par ailleurs, l'impact des prédateurs (en densités comparables à celles relevées dans les humus acides) sur l'abondance d'H. Nitidus varie en fonction de la structure des humus. Une interaction entre la structure du sol, l'action des lombrics sur cette structure, et la pression de prédation a été observée : les vers de terre, en augmentant la macroporosité du sol, facilitent les déplacements d'H. Nitidus et réduisent ainsi la mortalité par prédation. Les galeries de lombricides constituent pour cette espèce un habitat favorable en tous points. L'influence indirecte du pH du sol sur la distribution d'H. Nitidus s'exercerait par le biais (1) d'un commensalisme facultatif avec les lombrics, qui sont plus abondants dans les sols à ph > 5 et (2) d'une plus forte pression de prédation dans les humus acides
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Diep, Thi My Hanh. "Influence des contraintes édaphiques sur la nutrition minérale, le développement et la production du cocotier (Cocos nucifera. L. ) dans les sols sulfatés acides salés ou non salés du delta du Mekong : effet améliorant d'un apport de phosphate naturel." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120047.

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La production d'huile vegetale est un enjeu economique majeur au viet nam. Cependant, l'extension de la culture du cocotier a des sols sulfates acides ou sulfates acides sales, carences en phosphore et en calcium, a entraine une chute importante de la production par comparaison aux sols alluviaux. Ces carences ont ete confirmees par le diagnostic foliaire mais aussi racinaire. Les potentiels hydriques eleves montrent que le cocotier ne souffre pas de stress hydrique dans le delta du mekong meme en saison seche. Par contre, pendant cette saison, dans les zones soumises a l'influence de la maree, la salinite elevee provoque la fermeture des stomates et la baisse de l'assimilation photosynthetique. Le taux de sodium et un milieu asphyxique sont les causes d'une inhibition de la croissance des systemes racinaire et aerien. L'augmentation excessive des teneurs en ions toxiques (fe#3#+, al#3#+, na#+) dans les racines par rapport aux feuilles a montre leur role filtrant. Un essai conduit avec des jeunes plants arroses a l'eau salee, a permis de determiner un niveau de salinite optimum (5 pour mille) et confirme le role de filtre des racines. L'apport de phosphate naturel augmente le nombre de noix et le poids de coprah par cocotier, l'effet etant relativement plus important avec les sols sulfates acides sales. La solubilite de l'engrais phosphate et sa teneur en calcium jouent un role essentiel dans l'efficacite du traitement: le calcium remonte le ph ce qui diminue l'activite des ions al#3#+ et ameliore la structure du sol, le phosphore corrige sa carence et complexe une partie de al. En se limitant aux zones ou la salinite est inferieure a 10 pour mille de nouvelles plantations pourraient etre developpees sur plus de 100. 000ha dans le delta du mekong
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Li, Yong-tao. "Spéciation de métaux et de leur impact sur les caractéristiques microbiologiques dans un sol pollué par le drainage minier acide." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077046.

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Des sols ont été collectés à partir de deux sites agricoles près du site minier de Dabao Shan en Chine. L'objectif était de caractériser la spéciation du Cu, Pb, Zn et Cd dans le sol en relations avec les propriétés physico-chimiques et minéralogiques du sol. Nous avons aussi évalué l'impact des métaux sur la biomasse microbienne, l'hydrolyse enzymatique et la minéralisation de MO, les communautés bactérienne et fongique du sol. Les résultats indiquent que l'utilisation des eaux de drainage minier acide lors de l'irrigation entraîne une forte acidité du sol et une grande solubilité des métaux. Les métaux liés aux oxydes de Fe et Mn par des complexes de surface constituent la fraction majeure du stock de métaux extractibles. Les ions biodisponibles sont liés à la fraction échangeable et partiellement aux oxydes. La teneur et la spéciation des métaux a été corrélée aux caractéristiques microbiologiques des sols. Ils ont inhibé la biomasse bactérienne et l'activité enzymatique liés aux polysaccharidases et heterosidases, la nitriflcation et à la minéralisation du P tout comme l'activité enzymatique lié à l'azote et la minéralisation de N ainsi que le quotient métabolique. Le stress métallique a inhibé la population bactérienne et fongique et a causé une baisse du taux des bactéries et champignons. L'impact des métaux était significativement plus important sur la diversité bactérienne comparativement à diversité fongique. Les ions métalliques dissous ont montré une biodisponibilité plus forte par rapport à leurs teneurs totales. Nous démontrons que l'utilisation combinée d'indices chimiques, microbiologiques, biochimiques sont des indicateurs Fiables stress acide métallique dans le sol
Soil samples were collected from two agricultural sites near Dabao Shan poly-metallic mine of China. Our aim was to characterize activity and speciation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil and solution, and their relationships with soil mineralogical, physical and chemical properties. We further were to assess long-term impact of metals on microbial biomass, hydrolyses, organic matter mineralization, bacterial and fungal composition in relation to organic C, N and P turnover. The results indicate acid mine drainage irrigation resulted in strong soil acidity and metal solubility. Fe and Mn oxides bound metals were the major extractable fractions. Free and complexed cations were related to exchangeable, partially to oxides bound fractions. Hydrous oxides and clay minerais were pre-eminent sorbents controlling cation exchange and specific adsorption. Moreover, the metal variables were correlated to microbiological datasets. They inhibited microbial biomass C, N and P, FDA and C-related polysaccharidases and heterosidases, nitriflcation and P mineralization, while activated N-related enzymes, ammonification, total N mineralization and metabolic quotient. Furthermore, Metal stress inhibited fungal and bacterial populations and caused a decreased ratio of bacteria to fungi. The inhibition was more significant on bacterial DNA bands diversity than fungal taxa. Dissolved metal cations showed higher bio-availability than total contents. We demonstrate that linked microbiological and biochemical indices and their combined uses are reliable indicators of change in soil organic nutrient cycles exposed to long-term acid metal stress
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Djondo, Mathurin Yves. "Propriétés d'échange ionique des sols ferrallitiques argileux de la vallée du Niari et sableux du plateau de Mbe-Bateke au Congo : application à la correction de leur acidité." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120035.

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L'etude de l'acidite des sols et de sa correction a porte sur les sols ferrallitiques de la vallee du niari et du plateau de mbe-bateke au congo. Les observations ont ete realisees respectivement a mantsoumba sur un site sous culture mecanisee de manioc depuis 15 ans et au pk 45, apres trois ans de culture a base de manioc. Apres la presentation des sols acides d'interet agricole dans leur contexte naturel, ce travail a procede a une premiere evaluation des pratiques utilisees dans la correction de l'acidite, notamment le recours au calcaire broye de madingou. Grace a des observations et prelevements d'echantillons de sol dans des situations culturales contrastees, il a ete etabli un constat de degradation des proprietes physico-chimiques des sols sous culture. Des etudes plus fines ont ete mises en uvre, concernant la nature et la reactivite du complexe d'echange. Les constituants mineraux des sols ont ete caracterises ainsi que leur reactivite, en privilegiant la prevision de leur comportement global lors de l'acidification du sol ou la correction de l'acidite. Une incubation pendant 3 mois en conditions controlees de laboratoire a permis de mieux apprecier les effets des apports de calcaire et de pueraria sur la reaction et le complexe d'echange des sols. Les modifications de la dynamique d'echange a l'interface sol-solution ont ete etudiees par des simulations de la lixiviation sous pluviometrie locale et par la technique de l'electrodialyse. Ces differents tests ou methodes ont ete validees par la mesure de l'absorption des elements mineraux par une plante-test, le ray grass d'italie cultive sous serre, en vases de vegetation. Des propositions ont ainsi ete faites concernant les approches methodologiques, la connaissance du fonctionnement des sols etudies et les perspectives pour des travaux futurs
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6

Pédrot, Mathieu. "Colloïdes et compositions élémentaires des solutions de sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533848.

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Ubiquistes, dynamiques et caractérisés par d'importantes capacités de complexation de surface, les colloïdes sont supposés jouer un rôle majeur dans la mobilisation des éléments traces dans les eaux et les sols. Cette étude a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension du rôle des colloïdes dans la mobilisation des éléments traces en définissant (a) l'impact de paramètres physico-chimiques sur la composition élémentaire et colloïdale de la phase dissoute d'un sol de zone humide, (b) les modes de genèse de ces colloïdes, ainsi que leur rôle de phases porteuses et vectrices d'éléments traces dans les eaux et les sols. Les différents travaux accomplis mettent en avant un contrôle colloïdal pour de nombreux éléments traces présents dans la solution de sol. Ainsi, certains éléments sont fortement complexés par le compartiment colloïdal (Al, Cr, U, Mo, Pb, Ti, Th, Fe, et les REE), d'autres le sont plus modérément (Cu, Cd, Co, et le Ni) et une autre partie ne réagit pas avec les colloïdes (Li, B, K, Na, Rb, Si, Mg, Sr, Ca, Mn, Ba et le V). Le pH apparaît être un facteur majeur de contrôle de la composition élémentaire de la phase dissoute ; un changement du pH, à la hausse ou à la baisse impactant fortement les concentrations et la composition colloïdale et élémentaire de la solution de sol. De plus, le pH apparaît un acteur non négligeable de la conformation des substances humiques, principales molécules organiques actives dans la mobilisation des éléments traces dans le milieu naturel, impactant ainsi leur mobilité et celles des éléments associés. Les résultats ont confirmé la présence d'associations supramoléculaires de petites molécules organiques au sein des substances humiques, ainsi que la présence de nanoparticules de Fe intimement liées à la matière organique, et pouvant mobiliser certains éléments traces comme le Pb ou le Ti. De plus, ce travail a permis de mesurer l'impact des substances humiques sur la vitesse d'oxydation-hydrolyse du Fe, et sur la taille des oxyhydroxydes formés. Les substances humiques tendent ainsi à ralentir et à diminuer les réactions d'oxydation-hydrolyse du Fe, et impactent directement la taille des oxydes de Fe. Le Fe est ainsi présent soit sous forme ionique et complexé aux substances humiques, soit sous forme de nanoparticules et inclus dans la matrice organique. La biodisponibilité de ces nanoparticules de Fe à être utilisée comme accepteur d'électrons par des bactéries Schewanella putrefaciens a ensuite été testée en comparaison de celle de particules de Fe formées en absence de substances humiques. Les résultats évoquent une biodisponibilité accrue des nanoparticules de Fe associées aux substances humiques lors de la bioréduction. Ce résultat prouve que les colloïdes mixtes Fematière organique représentent dans les zones humides, un stock majeur de fer régulièrement sollicité par la microfaune, bien plus accessible que celui du fonds géochimique.
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Sauze, Joana. "Identification des moteurs de l’activité de l’anhydrase carbonique dans les sols et son impact sur les échanges sol-atmosphère de CO18O et OCS, deux traceurs complémentaires du cycle du carbone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0568/document.

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Les anhydrases carboniques (AC) sont des enzymes qui catalysent les réactions d'hydratation du CO2 et d'hydrolyse de l’OCS. L’AC présente dans les plantes et les microorganismes du sol influence le bilan atmosphérique d'OCS ainsi que celui du CO18O car les isotopes de l’oxygène sont échangés avec ceux des pools d'eau pendant l'hydratation duCO2. L’utilisation de l’OCS et du CO18O comme traceurs du cycle du C global ouvre une nouvelle voie pour estimer les contributions de la photosynthèse et de la respiration à grande échelle. Ceci requiert néanmoins une meilleure compréhension des facteurs contrôlant l'activité de l’AC des sols. Nous avons étudié le rôle du pH du sol et des communautés microbiennes sur l'activité de l’AC. Nous avons testé l’hypothèse que l'activité de l’AC serait (H1) inhibée dans les sols acides, et que (H2) les échanges isotopiques CO2-H2O seraient réduits dans les sols alcalins. Nous avons également présumé que l'activité de l’AC serait (H3) positivement corrélée à l'abondance des microorganismes phototrophes, et que (H4) la structure des communautés affecterait différemment les flux de CO18O et d’OCS. Nos résultats valident H1 et H2. Ils montrent aussi que les flux de CO2 dans le sol et l'activité d’AC associée sont positivement corrélés à l'abondance des microorganismes phototrophes (H3), tandis que le dépôt d'OCS dans les sols dépend de l'abondance des champignons (H4). Ces résultats sont en cours d’intégration dans un modèle de l'activité de l’AC des sols mondiaux, ce qui permettra une estimation robuste des flux globaux de photosynthèse et de respiration à partir de bilans atmosphériques de COS et CO18O
Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are a group of enzymes that catalyse CO2 hydration and OCS hydrolysis. The presence of CA in plants and soil microorganisms is responsible for the largest atmosphere-biosphere exchange of OCS but also CO18O, because oxygen isotopes are exchanged with soil and plant water pools during CO2 hydration. Consequently, CO18O and OCS atmospheric mixing ratios have been proposed as complementary tracers of the global C cycle that could open avenues to estimate the contribution of photosynthesis and respiration at global scales. However, a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of CA activity is required. We investigated the role of soil pH and microbial community on soil CA activity. We hypothesised that CA activity should be(H1) inhibited in acidic soils but that (H2) the associated CO2-H2O exchange would also be reduced in alkaline soils. We further assumed that (H3) soil CA activity would be enhanced by an increase in soil phototrophs abundance, but that (H4) soil community structure would affect differently CO18O and OCS fluxes. Our results confirmed H1 and H2. We also confirmed that soil CO2 fluxes and the associated CA activity were positively correlated with phototrophic communities abundance (H3), while soil OCS uptake and the associated CA activity seemed driven by fungal abundance (H4). These findings are now being incorporated into a model of soil CA activity worldwide that will allow robust estimates of photosynthesis and respiration at large scales from the atmospheric budgets of OCS and CO18O
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Huynh, Van Biet. "Étude de l’architecture racinaire, du métabolisme des lipides membranaires et des gènes associés chez le riz Oryza sativa L. dans le cadre de la toxicité aluminique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1067.

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L'acidité dans le sol, combinée à une toxicité aluminique est le stress environnemental le plus important limitant la production de riz (Oryza sativa L.). Dans ce travail, neuf variétés de riz vietnamien, ainsi que deux variétés de riz connues pour leur résistance/sensibilité à l'aluminium sont discriminées pour la tolérance à l'Al grâce à l'analyse de la croissance et la morphologie des racines en condition de culture hydroponique. Les lipides membranaires et l'expression des gènes liés au métabolisme de ces lipides ont également été analysés. Les résultats ont montré que la toxicité de l'aluminium influence tout le système racinaire du riz, elle inhibe la croissance de la racine principale ainsi que celle des racines latérales, le volume des racines, et le nombre de racines latérales. L'Al s'accumule dans les racines et les feuilles. Cette accumulation d'Al corrèle négativement avec la quantité de calcium, de magnésium et de potassium dans les tissus. L'aluminium diminue la teneur en lipides membranaires dans les racines et les feuilles, et ce d'autant plus que la variété est plus sensible. Dans les feuilles, l'acide gras le plus touché est l'acide linolénique C18 : 3 ; dans les racines, l'acide linoléique C18 : 2. L'aluminium provoque en outre dans les feuilles une diminution très importante de la teneur en monogalactosyl diacylglycerol MGDG, un galactolipide constitutif des membranes thylakoïdales. Dans les racines, c'est la phosphatidylcholine PC, qui diminue le plus. Ces modifications des lipides membranaires sont nettement plus importantes chez la variété de riz sensible que chez la variété tolérante. L'expression des gènes de synthèse est corrélée positivement avec les teneurs des lipides membranaires majeurs. Nos résultats ont montré que les lipides jouent un rôle important dans le maintien de l'intégrité et le fonctionnement des membranes cellulaires, et ont une influence sur la capacité des plantes à résister à la présence de l'aluminium dans le milieu
Soil acidity combined with the presence of Aluminium ions is a major environmental stress limiting rice (Oryza sativa) production. In this work, root growth and root morphology of nine vietnamese rice varieties and two IRRI reference varieties (one Al-resistant, one Al-sensitive) were studied in hydroponic conditions. Analysis of membrane lipid composition as well as the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was also performed. Results showed that Al toxicity influenced negatively the whole root system : Al inhibited the elongation rate of the principal root and the lateral roots ; it decreased the root volume and the number of lateral roots. Al accumulated in root and leaf tissues. Al accumulation was negatively correlated with the amounts of Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium in plant tissues. Membrane lipid contents also decreased in roots and shoots, and these decreases were more important in the sensitive varieties than in the tolerant ones. In the shoots, linolenic acid C18:3 content was mostly affected, and in the roots linoleic acid C18:2. Furthermore, in the leaves Al provoked a large decrease in the main lipid of thylakoid membranes monogalactosyl diacylglycerol MGDG. In the roots, it decreased the phosphatidylcholine PC content. Lipid and fatty acid changes were more pronounced in Al-susceptible varieties than in tolerant ones. The expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of the main m embrane lipids during Al treatment correlated well with the time-course of membrane lipid composition. Our results indicated that lipids could play an important role in the integrity and function of cell membranes, and that they could be implicated in the capacity of plants to tolerate the presence of aluminium toxic ions in the environment
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Mazerolle, Marc J. "Mouvements et reproduction des amphibiens en tourbières perturbées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21842/21842.pdf.

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Les déclins de populations d’amphibiens ont généré de nombreux travaux sur les effets de la perte d’habitats variés, mais peu en milieux naturellement acides. Néanmoins, plusieurs tourbières du sud-est canadien sont perturbées par l’extraction de la tourbe. Dans le premier chapitre, j’ai comparé l’utilisation des milieux tourbeux par les amphibiens à celle des milieux non tourbeux. Dans les quatre chapitres subséquents, j’ai quantifié les effets de l’extraction de la tourbe sur l’utilisation des étangs de tourbières par les amphibiens et mesuré les contraintes liées à leurs déplacements sur des surfaces exploitées. Les résultats indiquent que les amphibiens utilisent les tourbières surtout comme sites d’estivage. De plus, l’intensité de l’exploitation influence la fréquentation des étangs, mais la quantité et la proximité d’habitats complémentaires (i.e., étangs adjacents, forêt) semblent réduire ces effets. Finalement, les surfaces arides associées à certaines activités anthropiques telles que l’exploitation des tourbières ou l’agriculture, entravent les déplacements des grenouilles, bien que ces effets puissent être atténués par la présence de canaux de drainage.
Global amphibian population declines have generated numerous studies on the effects of habitat loss, but few have been conducted in naturally-acidic environments. Nevertheless, many peatlands are undergoing peat extraction in southeastern Canada. Through five chapters, I have studied the use of bog habitats by amphibians, quantified the effects of peat extraction on amphibian occurrence at bog ponds, and measured the constraints associated with movements over mined surfaces. Bogs were less productive breeding sites than less acidic upland sites, but were used by adults and juveniles following breeding outside bogs. Bog ponds on surfaces actively mined for peat offered suboptimal habitats to green frogs (Rana clamitans), whereas bog ponds on surfaces drained for future peat mining, characterized by the presence of drainage ditches and vegetation, provided supplementary frog habitat. However, this positive effect was only temporary, as these surfaces were to be eventually mined. In a study conducted at a larger scale and focusing on bog ponds on unmined surfaces, I showed the importance of the amount and proximity of complementary habitats (i.e., adjacent ponds, forest) on the spatial distribution of amphibian presence at ponds. Moreover, frog movement experiments revealed that frogs translocated on barren peat surfaces had a lower probability of homing successfully than those translocated at a similar distance on an undisturbed surface, and that dehydration risks were the lowest on natural surfaces with vegetation cover. No reproduction occurred in drainage ditches, although frog survival in these structures was high. In addition, ditches did not impede the movements of individuals. Globally, results indicate that amphibians use bogs mostly as summering sites. Furthermore, peat mining intensity influences the occurrence of amphibians at ponds, but the proximity and amount of complementary habitats could mitigate these effects. Finally, barren surfaces associated with certain human disturbances such as peat mining and agriculture impede frog movements, although drainage ditches, particularly those containing water, may facilitate movements across these hostile environments.
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Magendie, Guillaume. "Catalyseur idéal en Hydroconversion du Résidu : quelle balance entre force Hydro/déshydrogénante et acidité pour la conversion d'un Résidu Sous Vide pétrolier ?" Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0855.

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Le travail de thèse effectué a porté sur l'applicabilité et la compréhension d’un système catalytique bifonctionnel acide et hydro/déshydrogénante sur l'hydroconversion et l’hydrotraitement d'un Résidu Sous Vide. En amont de ce travail, il est rappelé qu'au-delà de 400 °C (régime thermique), la forte conversion du RSV conduit à des phénomènes indésirables de précipitation et d’instabilité, liés à l'augmentation de la polarité des asphaltènes. L’objectif de la thèse était donc de favoriser les réactions de craquage et d’hydrogénolyse à plus faible température (370 °C), grâce à la fonction acide du catalyseur, et d’étudier la nature des structures asphalteniques résultantes. Des catalyseurs modèles, de formulation NiMo, supportés sur des aluminosilicates préparés par greffage de silicium à la surface d'une alumine, ont été utilisés. Ces catalyseurs développent une acidité faible, apportée par le support. Cette acidité a été quantifiée et caractérisée sur les aluminosilicates synthétisés, comme sur le catalyseur fini. La phase hydrogénante, ainsi que la texture des solides, ont aussi été caractérisées en détail. Des catalyseurs, dont les trois paramètres précités ont pu être modifiés indépendamment, ont ainsi été obtenus.Les performances catalytiques ont ensuite été évaluées en hydroconversion d’un RSV Safaniya, en réacteur batch. Les résultats révèlent un impact limité de l’acidité sur les grandeurs globales du test. Les modifications successives des phases hydrogénantes, et l’apport de macroporosité, n’ont pas permis d’améliorer cet impact par la suite. L’analyse détaillée conduite sur les asphaltènes après conversion a mis en relief des modifications de structures moléculaires nettes. Celles-ci ont pu être illustrées via une méthode de reconstitution moléculaire. L'introduction d’acidité a ainsi favorisé les réactions de craquage des chaines aliphatiques ou naphténique des asphaltènes, sans pour autant augmenter l'aromaticité de la molécule
The aim of this work was to study and investigated bifunctional sulfided and acidic catalyst for the hydroconversion and the hydrotraitment of a Vacuum Residue. Upstream works have already demonstrate that high level of residue conversion, at high temperatures ( > 400 °C), leads to create carbonaceous sediments (sediments), link to asphaltenes polarity and aromaticity. Thus, our objective was to promote hydrocracking reactions at lower temperatures (370 °C), by enhancing acidity of conventional sulfided catalysts. Structures of consequent asphaltenes, modified by acidity, were also studied. Model NiMo catalysts were obtained by grafting silica on the surface of alumina carriers. Characterization on carriers and sulfided catalysts reveal the improvement of a weak acidity. Hydrogenating phase and textures properties have also been characterized in this work. In the end, we have obtained catalysts with same texture, same hydrogenating power, but also different level of acidity strength. Catalytic performances were evaluated in batch reactor, for the hydroconversion reaction of a Safaniya Vacuum Residue. Results reveal no changes in hydroconversion or hydrotraitment reactions parameters with acidity. No improvement was observed by enhancing the hydrogenating power or by adding macroporosity on textures with acidic sulfided catalysts. Nonetheless, combinated asphaltenes analysis and molecular reconstructions methods have shown that acidity can modify asphaltènes structures and properties. Acidity enhances cracking reactions of aliphatic chains and naphthenic units, without improving the aromaticity of the molecules
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Books on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

A, Wood John. Bilans d'acidité des tourbières et effets des retombées acides. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1989.

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Canada. Service de l'environnement atmosphérique. Les pluies acides au Canada, rapport d'évaluation de 1997. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1998.

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R, Kennedy I. Acid soil and acid rain: The impact on the environment of nitrogen and sulphur cycling. Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England: Research Studies Press, 1986.

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Acid soil and acid rain. 2nd ed. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1992.

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Pavan, Marcos Antonio. Manejo da acidez do solo. Londrina, PR: Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, 1997.

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Pavan, Marcos Antonio. Lições de fertilidade do solo: PH. Londrina, PR: Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, 1997.

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Ananthanarayana, R. Soil acidity and liming in Karnataka. Bangalore: Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agriculture College, G.K.V.K, 1998.

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Binkley, Dan, Charles T. Driscoll, H. Lee Allen, Philip Schoeneberger, and Drew McAvoy. Acidic Deposition and Forest Soils. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3586-6.

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Ravi, M. V. Acidity and liming in coffee growing soils of Karnataka. Bangalore, India: Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000.

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Shamrikova, E. V. Kislotno-osnovnai︠a︡ bufernostʹ podzolistykh i bolotno-podzolistykh pochv Severo-Vostoka evropeĭskoĭ chasti Rossii. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

Sumner, M. E., M. V. Fey, and A. D. Noble. "Nutrient Status and Toxicity Problems in Acid Soils." In Soil Acidity, 149–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_7.

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Reuss, J. O. "The Transfer of Acidity from Soils to Surface Waters." In Soil Acidity, 203–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_9.

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Prasittikhet, Jirapong, and Robert P. Gambrell. "Acidic Sulfate Soils." In Acidic Precipitation, 35–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4456-1_2.

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Paterson, E., B. A. Goodman, and V. C. Farmer. "The Chemistry of Aluminium, Iron and Manganese Oxides in Acid Soils." In Soil Acidity, 97–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_5.

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May, H. M., and D. K. Nordstrom. "Assessing the Solubilities and Reaction Kinetics of Aluminous Minerals in Soils." In Soil Acidity, 125–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_6.

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Hayes, M. H. B. "Influence of the Acid/Base Status on the Formation and Interactions of Acids and Bases in Soils." In Soil Acidity, 80–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_4.

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Rasmussen, Lennart. "Potential Leaching of Elements in Three Danish Spruce Forest Soils." In Acidic Precipitation, 1431–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_146.

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Dambrine, Étienne. "Soil Acidity and Acidification." In Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 5, 83–95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119438298.ch4.

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Singh, Bal Ram, and Dale W. Johnson. "Sulfate Content and Adsorption in Soils of two Forest Watersheds in Southern Norway." In Acidic Precipitation, 1901–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_184.

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Fageria, N. K., E. M. Castro, and V. C. Baligar. "Response of Upland Rice Genotypes to Soil Acidity." In The Red Soils of China, 219–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2138-1_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

Mantrova, M. V. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS, QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF CERTAIN TYPES OF SOILS IN SURGUT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.704-708.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of 4 urban soils-culturosem, 2 urbanozem and undisturbed podzolic soil (control) - by physical and chemical parameters, the quantitative composition of the main groups of microorganisms and phytotoxicity. Urban soils differ from the background and from each other in terms of acidity, saturation of bases, and lead content; they lead in the number of microorganisms and have a stimulating effect on radish seeds and seedlings.
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Olesiak, Sara E., Matthew Sponheimer, and Virginia L. Ferguson. "Preservation of Human Bone Remains at Joya De Cerèn." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176651.

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Bone, a key part of the paleontological and archeological records, can provide insight into the biology, ecology and the environment of ancient vertebrates. Bone is a composite material in which the nanomechanical properties are dependent on the local organic content, mineral content, and microstructural organization. However it is unclear as to how these properties are affected by burial, environmental influences, temperature, or time. The acidity of volcanic soils causes resorption of the bone mineral and may result in demineralization of the bone. As such, very few bone remains are found in volcanic soils and this rare sample can provide insight into the preservation under such extreme conditions. While the effects of volcanic soils on bone are unknown, exposure to hostile environmental conditions increases the potential for dramatic alteration of the mechanical behavior. In this study, a human long bone from around 600 A.D. and a modern human femur were studied using nanoindentation. Testing, performed in both longitudinal and transverse directions, revealed preservation of bone’s natural anisotropy. Additionally, the preserved bone’s lower modulus values suggest the dissolution of bone mineral.
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Rusakov, Aleksey, Yulia Simonova, Aleksandr Ryumin, A. Popov, and Natalya Lemeshko. "ESTIMATION OF THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE YAROSLAVSK REGION AND TRENDS OF THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES FOR A 30-YEAR POST AGROGENIC PERIOD BASED ON THE SOIL- ECOLOGICAL INDEX." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1681.978-5-317-06490-7/81-86.

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The assessment of the agricultural production potential of the soils of the former arable lands was carried out on the basis of the updated soil-ecological index. It was revealed that among the agrosoils of Poshekhonsk district, soils with 20-39 points prevail, which generally indicates low and medium levels of potential soil fertility in the studied area in the late perestroika period. Comparison of morphological and genetic properties of soils for the period 1988-1990 and for 2019 showed the trends of their evolutionary changes. Multidirectional trends in the transformation of soil properties, developed on a contrasting lithogenic parent rocks, with a change in land use during the last 30-35-year period have been established. In loamy soils, stable hydromorphism features are observed everywhere, degradation processes prevail, expressed in dehumification, a sharp depletion of mobile forms of mineral nutrition elements of plants and, in some cases, acidification of humus postagrogenic horizons. It has been established that fallow soils on loamy parent material are characterized by a noticeable (by 1.1-1.9 times) decrease in the values of soil-ecological index in comparison with their arable state. On the contrary, in soils of light particle size distribution, the dominant processes are due to an increase in humus content and a decrease in acidity. The specificity of postagrogenic evolution and the emergence of new soil properties should be taken into account when performing soil-agroecological assessments and forecasting agricultural production potential against the background of changed climatic conditions.
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Petelko, A. I. "Rational use of washed soil." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.31.

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Integrated agricultural practices contribute to increasing and restoring the fertility of washed lands, reducing water erosion of soils on the slopes. When cultivating eroded soils, it is necessary to introduce organic and mineral fertilizers into the arable layer, enrich it with nutrients and eliminate the acid reaction. To do this, you need to carry out deep plowing up to 30 cm with the simultaneous introduction of organic matter and mineral fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, then liming is necessary. This will help to create a better soil environment and better absorption of fertilizers.
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Lawrence, Gregory B., Paul W. Hazlett, Ivan J. Fernandez, Rock Ouimet, Scott Bailey, Donald S. Ross, and Andrei Lapenis. "MONITORING FOREST SOILS OVER TIME TO UNDERSTAND ACIDIC DEPOSITION EFFECTS AND RECOVERY." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310426.

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6

Haider, Nilanjan, and Kamakhya Prakash Misra. "Effect of annealing on sol-gel derived TiO2 nanoparticles in acidic medium." In 2017 International Conference on Nextgen Electronic Technologies: Silicon to Software (ICNETS2). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnets2.2017.8067908.

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7

Lukashov, Vladimir, Tat'yana Korotkova, and Aleksandr Isakov. "Efficiency of cultivation of perennial legume-grass mixtures on gray forest soils of Kaluga region." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-135-139.

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The results of research conducted by the authors on gray forest soils in Kaluga region. Shows the energy efficiency of cultivation of perennial and annual fodder crops are calculated based on actual energy consumption and release of metabolic energy yield. The data on the effect of perennial grasses on the content of humus and the change in the acidity of the soil. The scheme to study the efficiency of common crops of different varieties of red clover, lucerne and festulolium changeable, it provides a brief description of the studied cultures. Shows data on yield of green mass, harvesting of 1 hectare of dry matter, metabolizable energy and crude protein according to variants of experience. On the basis of obtained results the conclusion about the feasibility of using the studied mixtures to increase the energy and protein value of feeds, ensuring the most efficient use of nonrenewable energy, conservation and improvement of soil fertility, sustainability of agro ecosystems.
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DOBREI, Alin, Alina Georgeta DOBREI, Eleonora NISTOR, Sorin STANCIU, Mihaela MOATĂR, and Florin SALA. "SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTION THROUGH MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MAINTENANCE AND AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.022.

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Tillage practices in viticulture are very important, with major effects on quantitative and qualitative production, on vines phenology and stages of growth. In this study the aim was to identify the most appropriate vineyard floor management, located on flat land or mild slopes, with medium or high soils fertility. The research was carried out during 2011–2013 in the vineyard of the BUASVM Didactic Station from Timisoara and focusing exclusively on several variants of soil maintenance in order to replace the need for manual labor. Leaf area was estimated by concentric circles method and sugar concentration was evaluated by refractometry. Total acidity in must and wine was determined by titration. Grape yield was estimated by bunches counting and weighing, for each variety and productive potential (kg ha-1) was appreciated by multiplying the average yield per vine with the number of vines per hectare. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Performance of Burgundy variety for superior red wines group and Silvania table grape variety – with a medium ripening, were analyzed in the experiment. For both Burgundy and Silvania varieties the sixth variant (V6–bare soil by tillage middles row (tractor and rotary hoe)/rotary hoe undervine (tractor and adjustable offset rotary tiller) registered the highest grape yield during the research. The lowest grape yield fulfils to the seventh variant of vineyard floor management. Burgundy variety had the average must sugar content of 195 ± 4.27 g l-1 and that of the leaf area of 7.09 ± 0.58 m2 while in Silvania variety the average of grape must acidity was 4.66 ± 0.35 g l-1 H2SO4 and the leaf area of 7.42 ± 0.51 m2/vine. Between must sugar content and leaf area, in Burgundy and Silvania variety has been established a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.94 ***) and (r = 0.88 **; p <0.001) respectively, variables being virtually indistinguishable.
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Paraschiv, Alina-Nicoleta, Milica Dima, Aurelia Diaconu, Elena Ciuciuc, and Mihaela Croitoru. "RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ASSORTMENT OF BELL PEPPER ON THE SANDY SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA ACCORDING TO THE CULTIVATION METHOD USED." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/40.

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The pedo-climatic conditions specific to sandy soils in southwest Oltenia determine differences in performing different phenophases of growth and development of plants, both between varieties and in the physiological behavior of the same variety under different yield conditions. Therefore, at the Dăbuleni Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, research was carried out on some physiological, biochemical and production processes at five varieties of bell peppers cultivated in the open fields and solar. Determinations of photosynthesis, foliar transpiration, the biochemical composition of fruits, quantity, and quality of bell pepper production were performed. The physiological and biochemical processes studied were influenced by the environmental conditions specific to each cultivation method, but also by the studied variables. Of the 5 varieties studied, the best results on the biochemical composition of the fruits were recorded at the Artim variety (8.83% total dry substance, 4.60% soluble dry substance, 0.19% acidity, 3.80% carbohydrate and 36.96% vitamin C). The production was between 15,387 t / ha for open-field plants and 108,574 t / ha for plants grown in the solar, the differences between the two cultivation methods being statistically assured as distinctly significant.
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Xu, Jianming, and Haochun Zhao. "The Combination of Nitrogen and Biochar Altered the Feedback Mechanism between Soil Acidification and Cd Availability in Acidic Soils." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2941.

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Reports on the topic "Sols – Acidité"

1

Henning, Stanley. Blueberry Production on Soils Amended with an Acidic Biotechnology Fermentation By-product. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-580.

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2

The Potential of Soils and Bedrock to Reduce the Acidity of Atmospheric Deposition. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/294663.

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