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1
KUMAR, MANOJ. "Rising levels of soil acidity in Meghalaya: Evidences and Imperatives." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10073.
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In order to examine the current status of soil acidity in Meghalaya, representative soil samples (n= 497) were collected (during 2015-2016) from across the state and analyzed for soil acidity and associated parameters. Averaged across the samples, pH of the soils was found to be very strongly acidic (4.94). Nearly 20 % of the soils had pH below 4.50, 59% below pH 5.0 and 80% below pH 5.50. Only 3.4% of the samples recorded pH more than 6.0. East Khasi Hills District had the maximum percentage (95.1%) of strongly acidic soils (pH ≤ 5.50) while Garo Hills had the least (50.2%). All other districts recorded more than 85% of the strongly acidic soils. Average exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al and effective CEC were found to be 1.60, 1.27 and 3.86 meq/100g soil, respectively. Mean base saturation was recorded below 60%. Aluminium saturation (percentage of effective CEC being occupied by exch. Al) ranged from 1.5 to 79.7% with its mean value being as high as 33%. Principal component analysis provided three PCs with Eigen values >1 and together they explained 83.2 % of the variance in total dataset. The soil acidity in Meghalaya is on rise, with 80.2% of its soils being strongly acidic (pH ≤ 5.50) in contrast to the previous reports of 53% soils being strongly acidic. This calls for widespread adoption of soil acidity ameliorative measures in agriculture of Meghalaya, Northeast India.
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Nascimento Brum, Lucas, Julio César Wincher Soares, Daniel Nunes Krum, Thaynan Hentz de Lima, and Otávio Ladislau Garcia Medeiros. "VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA ACIDEZ POTENCIAL DOS SOLOS, COM PREPARO CONVENCIONAL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n1p126-135.
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VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA ACIDEZ POTENCIAL DOS SOLOS, COM PREPARO CONVENCIONAL
LUCAS NASCIMENTO BRUM1, JULIO CÉSAR WINCHER SOARES2, DANIEL NUNES KRUM3, THAYNAN HENTZ DE LIMA4, OTÁVIO LADISLAU GARCIA MEDEIROS5
1 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, lucasbrum13@hotmail.com.
2 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, juliowincher@gmail.com.
3 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, Daniel.krum@hotmail.com.
4 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, Thaynanh.lima@hotmail.com.
5 Laboratório de Solos, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, 97711-500, Santiago-RS, Brasil, otaviogarciamedeiros@outlook.com.
RESUMO: O reconhecimento da variabilidade espaço e temporal das propriedades ligadas a acidez do solo permite o manejo eficiente da sua fertilidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi predizer a variabilidade espaço-temporal das propriedades ligadas a acidez e a demanda por calcário de solos após a inserção da cultura da soja, com preparo convencional, sob o campo nativo. A pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda escola da Universidade Regional Integrada, Campus de Santiago, RS. Foram coletadas amostras de solo na profundidade de 0 a 0,2 m, em 52 pontos, através de uma grade de 15 x 15 m, nos diferentes momentos e sistemas de ocupação: campo nativo (2016) e soja em plantio convencional (2017). Através da geoestatística, observou-se a variabilidade espaço-temporal das variáveis ligadas a acidez do solo e a demanda por calcário nos diferentes momentos e sistemas de ocupação. Registrou-se a redução da acidez potencial e, consequentemente, a redução na demanda por calcário. As variáveis estudadas, nos diferentes momentos, apresentaram relações espaciais em sua distribuição na paisagem e a densidade amostral mostrou-se de grande importância para as predições acuradas, tendo em vista que o menor valor de alcance foi de 28,84 m, perfazendo 12 pontos de observação por hectare.
Palavras-chave: Vegetação nativa; Acidez do solo; Monitoramento espaço-temporal; Manejo e conservação do solo; Agricultura digital.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF POTENCIAL ACIDITY IN SOILS IN CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE
ABSTRACT: The recognition of the spatial-temporal variability of properties linked to acidity soil allows the efficient management of its fertility. The aim of this work was to predict the spatio-temporal variability of properties linked to acidity and demand for limestone soils after the insertion of soybean crop, with conventional tillage, under the native field. The research was carried out at the Fazenda Escola of the Integrated Regional University, Campus de Santiago, RS. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, at 52 points, through a 15 x 15 m grid, at different times and occupation systems: native field (2016) and soybean under conventional tillage (2017). Through geostatistical, the spatio-temporal variability of linked variables to soil acidity and the demand for limestone was observed different times and occupation systems. There was a reduction in potential acidity and, consequently, a reduction in demand for limestone. The studied variables, at different times, showed spatial relationships in their distribution in the landscape and the sample density proved to be of great importance for accurate predictions, considering that the lowest range value was 28.84 m, totaling 12 points observation rate per hectare.
Keywords: Native vegetation; Acidity of soil. Spatial-temporal monitoring. Soil Conservation and Management. Digital agriculture.
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Schier, George A., and Roy L. Patton. "Damping-off disease of pine seedlings on soils treated with simulated acidic rain." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-091.
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Damping-off during seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinusrigida Mill., Pinusechinata Mill., Pinustaeda L., and Pinusstrobus L. were observed for 28 days on three New Jersey (U.S.A.) Pine Barrens soils (Atsion, Downer, Lakewood) treated with simulated acidic rain solutions of pH 4.2, 3.5, or 3.0 (SO42−:Cl−:NO3−, 2.2:1.4:1.0). The soils were sandy, highly acidic, and deficient in mineral nutrients. Treatment with rain solution was started 53 days before planting the pine seeds and continued during germination. Seedling emergence and seedling mortality were affected significantly by solution pH, soils, and species. Seedling emergence of all pine species on Atsion and Lakewood soils decreased with increasing solution acidity. On Downer soil seedling emergence was unaffected by solution acidity probably because the buffering action of the soil decreased the acidity of the rain solution. Seedling mortality of all species increased with increasing treatment acidity on all soils and was significantly higher on Atsion (100% at pH 3.0) than on the other soils. Although solution acidity significantly increased the concentration of Al in the soil solution, there was no evidence of Al toxicity. Two isolated fungal species, a Trichoderma and a Penicillium, significantly reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality of P. rigida in sterile, acid-washed quartz sand; however, neither seedling emergence nor seedling mortality was affected significantly by solution acidity.
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Nguyen, Tho, Khanh Nguyen Nha Dang, and Tu Thi Kim Tran. "Risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model at Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Ca Mau province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 1, no. M1 (June 30, 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v1im1.435.
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This paper assesses the risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model certified by Naturland at Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Camau province. Pond water and sediment was sampled in 8 ponds in March, July and November 2015, dike soil and mangrove soils were sampled in March 2015. Pond sediment and mangrove soils are highly reduced (Eh of top sediment and soils to 60 cm depth range respectively from -299 – -1mV and -321 – -52mV). Pond water ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline (pH of pond water 7.01-8.82) and sediment from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (pH of fresh sediment 6.05-7.64, pHH2O 6.63-7.78, pHKCl 6.35-7.43). Mangrove soils show a large pH range with very low minimums (pHH2O 3.72, pHKCl 3.05), reconfirming the presence of pyrite mineral in the soil profile. Mangrove soils deposited on the dikes (partly oxidized) are very acidic (pHH2O 2.51±0.72, pHKCl 1.81-2.14, exchange acidity 11.56±2.69 meq/100g). At the start of the wet season, pH of pond water reduces sharply as a result of reception of acidic components from the oxidized pyritic material (FeS2) on the dikes. The exchange acidity in pond sediment and mangrove soils are negatively correlated with organic matter, indicating that the decomposition of organic matter under reduced conditions contributes to exchange acidity in pond environment. Risk of acidification of the organic shrimp model is high due to managerial activities (mostly channel digging and disposal of pyrite-containing mangrove soils on the dikes).
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Kalkhoran, Sanaz Shoghi, David Pannell, Tas Thamo, Maksym Polyakov, and Benedict White. "Optimal lime rates for soil acidity mitigation: impacts of crop choice and nitrogen fertiliser in Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19101.
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Many agricultural soils are naturally acidic, and agricultural production can acidify soil through processes such as nitrogen (N) fixation by legumes and application of N fertiliser. This means that decisions about mitigation of soil acidity (e.g. through application of lime), crop rotation and N fertiliser application are interdependent. This paper presents a dynamic model to determine jointly the optimal lime application strategies and N application rates in a rainfed cropping system in Western Australia. The model accounts for two crop rotations (with and without a legume break crop), for the acid tolerance of different crop types, and for differences in the acidifying effect of different N fertilisers. Results show that liming is a profitable strategy to treat acidic soils in the study region, but that there are interactions between N and acidity management. Choice of fertiliser affects optimal lime rates substantially, with the use of a more acidifying ammonium-based fertiliser leading to higher lime rates. The optimal liming strategy is also sensitive to inclusion of a legume crop in the rotation, because its fixed N can be less acidifying than fertiliser, and it allows a reduction in fertiliser rates. Higher rainfall zones have greater N leaching, which contributes to a higher optimal rate of lime. We find that injection of lime into the subsoil increases profit. Optimal lime rates in the absence of subsoil incorporation are higher than usual current practice, although the economic gains from increasing rates are small.
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Ахметзянова, Раиля, Railya Akhmetzyanova, Зульфия Халиуллина, Zul'fiya Haliullina, Андрей Петров, Andrey Petrov, Кирилл Синяшин, and Kirill Sinyashin. "DRILL CUTTINGS AND INCREASE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS YIELD." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a8446e549bb22.30272174.
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The laboratory vegetative chronic experiments, on the example of spring wheat, showed that reclaimed drill cuttings can be used for deoxidizing (liming) acidic soils, increasing the biomass yield in growing agricultural crops. Doses of drill cuttings providing long-term maintenance of optimum acidity of investigated soils are defined.
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Lin, C., W. Lu, and Y. Wu. "Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water: acidity, heavy metals, and crop contamination." Soil Research 43, no. 7 (2005): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04148.
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Agricultural soils irrigated with acidic mine water from the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine, China, were investigated. The pH of the soils could be as low as 3.9. However, most of the mineral acids introduced into the soils by irrigation were transformed to insoluble forms through acid buffering processes and thus temporarily stored in the soils. Different heavy metals exhibited different fraction distribution patterns, with Zn and Cu being mainly associated with organic matter and Pb being primarily bound to oxides (statistically significant at P = 0.05). Although the mean of exchangeable Cd was greatest among the Cd fractions, there was no statistically significant difference between the exchangeable Cd and the oxide-bound Cd (the 2nd greatest fraction) or between the exchangeable Cd and the carbonate-bound Cd (the 3rd greatest fraction). It was also found that there were generally good relationships between the concentrations of various Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd fractions and pH, suggesting that a major proportion of each heavy metal in the soils was mainly derived from the acidic irrigation water. The results also show that the crops grown in these soils were highly contaminated by heavy metals, particularly Cd. The concentration of Cd in the edible portions of most crops was far in excess of the limits set in China National Standards for Vegetables and Fruits and this can be attributable to the extremely high transfer rate of Cd from the soils to the crops under the cropping system adopted in the study area.
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Sanaullah, A. F. M., M. Akhtaruzzaman, and M. A. Uddin. "Effect of Topography and Soil Depth on Clay Content, Organic Matter Content, Active Acidity, Reserve Acidity and Cation Exchange Capacity of Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i2.26867.
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Soil samples were collected from M. R. Khan tea-estate area of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. Organic matter, active acidity, reserve acidity, cation exchange capacity, clay content and textural class of the collected soil samples for different topographic positions and depths were determined. The percentage of sand, silt and clay varied from 59.75 to 70.50, 12.50 to 20.00 and 14.50 to 22.75, respectively. Active acidity and reserve acidity of the soils varied from 4.13 to 5.82 and 3.46 to 4.84, respectively. Organic matter content varied from 0.37% to 1.93%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied from 11.42 to 24.86 cmolKg-1. Soils were acidic in nature with considerably high reserve acidity. The measured parameters of the soil samples were plotted and analyzed with reference to topography and depth. The parameters have been found to vary with sampling sites, depths and topography.
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Miller, J. J., and S. Pawluk. "Genesis of Solonetzic soils as a function of topography and seasonal dynamics." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-029.
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A Gleyed Black Solonetz at a depressional slope position, a Black Solonetz at a lower slope position, a Black Solodized Solonetz at a mid-slope position, and a Black Solod at an upper slope position in central Alberta, were investigated using chemical, physical and mineralogical techniques to determine the role of topographic position and season in their genesis. Solonization, as indicated by electrical conductivity (EC) values < 4 dS m−1 and exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) values > 15% in the B horizon, was greatest in the Gleyed Black Solonetz, and then decreased in the soils upslope. Solonization occurred during the spring, summer and fall in the B horizon of the Gleyed Black Solonetz and Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solod, and during the spring in the B horizon of the Black Solonetz, Bnt1 horizon of the Black Solodized Solonetz, and Bnt2 horizon of the Black Solod. Solodization, as indicated by the development of Ae and AB horizons, acidic conditions and higher dithionite-extractable Al in the upper sola, and high exchangeable acidity in the upper B horizons, was greatest in the Black Solod at the upper slope position, moderate in the Black Solodized Solonetz at the mid-slope position, and absent in the two soils at the lower slope positions. Solodization as reflected by exchangeable acidity, also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, particularly in the upper B horizons. Seasonal variations of exchangeable Na, Ca and Mg in the B horizons, however, were slight to nonexistent. Topographic position and seasonal fluctuations of soluble salts and exchangeable acidity in the B horizons played a major role in the genesis of soils in this Solonetzic catena. Key words: Solonetzic catena, solonization, solodization, topography, seasonal dynamics
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Agrahari, Raj Kishan, Yuriko Kobayashi, Pankaj Borgohain, Sanjib Kumar Panda, and Hiroyuki Koyama. "Aluminum-Specific Upregulation of GmALS3 in the Shoots of Soybeans: A Potential Biomarker for Managing Soybean Production in Acidic Soil Regions." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091228.
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Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a global agricultural problem that limits crop productivity through the inhibition of root growth. However, poor management associated with the application of soil acidity amendments such as lime (CaCO3) in certain crop types can pose a threat to low-input farming practices. Accordingly, it is important to develop appropriate techniques for the management of crop production in acidic soils. In this study, we identified ALS3 (ALUMINUM SENSITIVE 3) in soybeans (Glycine max, cultivar Toyomasari), which is highly expressed in the shoot under Al stress. GmALS3 (Glyma.10G047100) expression was found to be Al-specific under various stress conditions. We analyzed GmALS3 expression in the shoots of soybean plants grown in two different types of acidic soils (artificial and natural acidic soil) with different levels of liming and found that GmALS3 expression was suppressed with levels of liming that have been shown to eliminate soil Al3+ toxicity. Using soybeans as a model, we identified a potential biomarker that could indicate Al toxicity and appropriate liming levels for soybeans cultivated in acidic soils.
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Ballard, Ross A., and David M. Peck. "Sensitivity of the messina (Melilotus siculus)–Sinorhizobium medicae symbiosis to low pH." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 9 (2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20292.
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Messina (Melilotus siculus) is a new annual pasture legume with better combined waterlogging and salt tolerance than other annual legumes. Messina cv. Neptune and a new salt-tolerant rhizobial symbiont (Sinorhizobium medicae SRDI-554) were made available to Australian growers in 2017. Messina is related to the annual medics (Medicago spp.) that are nodulated by the same genus of rhizobia and regarded as sensitive to soil acidity. Because some saltland soils are acidic, it is important to understand the sensitivity of messina to soil acidity in order to avoid failures during early adoption. Acidity tolerance of the messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was investigated in a hydroponic experiment (inoculation with SRDI-554, or the salt-intolerant strain WSM-1115 recommended for medics), and in three acidic soils (pHCa 4.3–5.5) (inoculation with SRDI-554 ± lime pelleting of seed), in the greenhouse. In the hydroponic experiment, the percentage of messina plants (with SRDI-554) that formed nodules declined at pH levels between 5.7 (43%) and 5.5 (4%). Strain SRDI-554 was slightly more sensitive to acidity than strain WSM-1115. In the acidic soils, more plants formed nodules than in the hydroponic experiment at similar pH levels; however, without lime pelleting, nodule number was inadequate at soil pHCa <5.5. Addition of lime to seed was beneficial to messina nodulation. Nodule number per plant increased from 4.0 to 9.6 with the addition of lime. The messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was confirmed as sensitive to low pH. At pHCa 5.5, which is the level recommended as the lower limit for growing messina, nodule number was constrained in both hydroponics and soil. The risk of suboptimal nodulation would be reduced if the recommended lower soil pH limit for growing messina is increased to pHCa 5.8, in line with most annual medics. Efforts to improve the acidity tolerance of the messina symbiosis would be best focused on the rhizobial symbiont, rather than the plant.
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Zhang, Min, Yuncong Li, and Li Ma. "Acidity Changes of Foreign Acidic Soils Introduced into Calcareous Soil Environment." Journal of Plant Nutrition 26, no. 7 (June 2003): 1513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pln-120021058.
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Aitken, RL, PW Moody, and PG Mckinley. "Lime requirement of acidic Queensland soils. I. Relationships between soil properties and pH buffer capacity." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900695.
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The pH buffer capacity of 40 acidic surface soils (pHw <6.5) was determined from soil-CaCO3- moist incubations. Buffer capacity values ranged from 02 to 5.4 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil unit-1 pH increase. Organic carbon, clay content, ECEC, 1M KCl extractable acidity and Al, and the change in CEC with pH (�CEC) were measured and correlated with pH buffer capacity. Step-up multiple linear regression indicated that the effect of �CEC on buffer capacity was highly significant (r2 = 0.77, P <0.001), whereas that of exchangeable Al or exchange acidity was not. This suggests that deprotonation reactions, compared with exchangeable Al or exchange acidity, are considerably more important in determining buffer capacity. The major soil property affecting �CEC in our soils was the organic carbon content and, when step-up multiple linear regression was used, �CEC could be best estimated by organic carbon plus clay content plus ECEC (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001). To ascertain whether exchangeable Al (or exchange acidity) would contribute to buffer capacity in soils with less variable charge, soils of relatively low organic carbon (<2.5%) were considered. For the 33 soils with <2.5% organic carbon, �CEC was still the major determinant of buffer capacity (r2 = 0.76, P <0.001), although inclusion of exchange acidity in a multiple regression with �CEC significantly increased the variance accounted for (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). Of the soil properties that could be routinely measured, a multiple regression equation combining organic carbon, clay content and exchange acidity accounted for 85% of the variance in buffer capacity, with organic carbon being the most important.
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Baybyekov, Ravil, Georgiy Gulyuk, and Natal'y Akanova. "Prospects for chemical reclamation of acidic soils." Melioration and Water Management, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2020-6-19-24.
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The presented materials are prepared on the basis of the results of long-term field experiments of domestic and foreign research institutions, results of agrochemical monitoring in the system of agrochemical service of the Russian Federation in various soil and climatic zones of Russia. The materials substantiate the importance and role of lime acidic soils, presented analysis of the state and dynamics of acidity of soils of agricultural land, the features of the use of different forms of limecontaining materials. The main functions of soil lime are indicated and the consequences in case of weakening of soil acidity are predicted. It has been established that the effect of the reclamation on the acidity of the soil is divided into two periods. The maximum displacement of pHKCl is observed 3…5 years after the introduction of the reclamation. The prevailing doses of lime in the materials given were doses of Saso3 4…6 t/ha, i.e. the most commonly used in the Non-Black Earth area. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of acidity of the environment with the systematic use of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen and potassium, which have an increasing effect on calcium loss from the soil. The growing negative effect of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of the soil can lead first to their partial, and then to complete inefficiency on turf-sub-golden soils. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of soil response in flood conditions during rice cultivation have been established. The results of the effect of different doses of lime on crop yields are presented. It is noted that soil lime is the main environmental measure to ensure the stabilization of the environmental safety of agro-censors and obtain products that meet sanitary standards. The need to restore the practice of lime in the right volumes in the near future is emphasized.
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Raspopina, Svitlana, Yuriy Debryniuk, and Yuriy Hayda. "Forest plantation productivity – soil interactions within Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: effects of pH and cations." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0023.
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AbstractDark grey podzolized soils on the loess like loams, which are represented in the soil cover within fresh and humidity gradients in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high forest vegetation potential, which ensure the formation of mostly pure and mixed larch and spruce stands with high level of the productivity. Despite the fact that both species are coniferous, their effect on the soil, in particular, on its acid-base indicators (actual and potential forms of acidity, sum of absorbed bases, degree of saturation of bases, content of mobile aluminium), which are important components of soil fertility, are specific. Due to the fact that there is a close interaction between forest plantations and soil properties, changing the participation of species in the stand, it is possible to adjust the actual soil fertility.The soils under both pure and mixed spruce and larch stands are characterized by a high level of potential acidity that reaches the high acidic values in the upper horizons. A similar reaction of soil solution under coniferous forests is caused by acid hydrolysis of aluminosilicates and accumulation of mobile Al in the rhizosphere zone. Simultaneously, the same acidic characteristics, including the presence of movable aluminium, are also found in soils under broadleaved plantations. In general, acid-exchange properties of soils (high potential acidity, unsaturation of bases and availability of movable aluminium) traditionally are considered as unfavourable for vegetation. However, our researches refute it and prove that within certain values, these indicators do not limit the productivity of pure and mixed spruce and larch stands.
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Yau, C. C., V. N. L. Wong, and D. M. Kennedy. "Soil chemistry and acidification risk of acid sulfate soils on a temperate estuarine floodplain in southern Australia." Soil Research 54, no. 7 (2016): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15174.
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The distribution and geochemical characterisation of coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS) in Victoria in southern Australia is relatively poorly understood. This study investigated and characterised CASS and sulfidic material at four sites (wetland (WE), swamp scrub (SS), woodland (WO) and coastal tussock saltmarsh (CTS)) on the estuarine floodplain of the Anglesea River in southern Australia. Shell material and seawater buffered acidity generated and provided acid-neutralising capacity (up to 10.65% CaCO3-equivalent) at the sites located on the lower estuarine floodplain (WO and CTS). The SS site, located on the upper estuarine floodplain, can potentially acidify soil and water due to high positive net acidity (>200molH+t–1) and a limited acid-neutralising capacity. High titratable actual acidity in the SS and WO profiles (>270molH+t–1) were the result of high organic matter in peat-like layers that can potentially contribute organic acids in addition to acidity formed from oxidation of sulfidic sediments. The results of the present study suggest that the environments and chemistry of acid sulfate soils in southern Australia are distinct from those located in eastern Australia; this may be related to differences in estuarine processes that affect formation of acid sulfate soils, as well as the geomorphology and geology of the catchment.
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Laenoi, Suwannee, Nattinee Phattarakul, Sansanee Jamjod, Narit Yimyam, Bernard Dell, and Benjavan Rerkasem. "Genotypic variation in adaptation to soil acidity in local upland rice varieties." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000896.
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Local upland rice germplasm is an invaluable resource for farmers who grow rice on acidic soils without flooding that benefits wetland rice. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation to soil acidity in common local upland rice varieties from an area with acidic soil in Thailand. Tolerance to hydrogen and aluminium (Al) toxicity was determined by measuring root growth, plant dry weight and phosphorus (P) uptake in aerated solution culture without the supplementation of Al (0 mg/l) at pH 7 and 4 and with the supplementation of 10, 20 and 30 mg Al/l at pH 4. The root growth of upland rice plants grown from farmers' seed was depressed less by Al than that of common wetland rice varieties. Pure-line genotypes of upland rice varieties were differentiated into several classes of Al tolerance, with frequency distribution of the classes that sometimes differed between the accessions of the same varieties. The effect of Al tolerance on root length was closely correlated with depression by Al in root dry weight and whole-plant P content. A source for adaptation to soil acidity for exploitation in the genetic improvement of aerobic and rainfed rice is clearly found among local upland rice varieties grown on acidic soils. However, the variation in tolerance to soil acidity within and among the seed lots of the same varieties maintained by individual farmers as well as among the varieties needs to be taken into consideration.
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Cabral, Carlos E. A., Carla H. A. Cabral, Alyce R. M. Santos, Kassio S. Carvalho, Edna M. Bonfim-Silva, Jenifer S. Mattos, Letícia B. Alves, and Ana P. Bays. "Ammonium sulfate enhances the effectiveness of reactive natural phosphate for fertilizing tropical grasses." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)86-92.
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Reactive natural phosphate is a slow and gradual solubilizing fertilizer, which makes it difficult to use in neutral to alkaline soils. Nitrogen fertilizers which acidify the soil may increase the possibility of using this phosphate fertilizer commercially. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare responses of Xaraés palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés) and Mombasa guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa), when different combinations of P and N fertilizers were applied during the establishment phase in non-acidic soils or with corrected acidity. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 fertilizer combinations (simple superphosphate plus urea, SSU; natural reactive phosphate plus urea, RPU; and natural reactive phosphate plus ammonium sulfate, RPAS). There was no difference in tiller density, leaf numbers, forage mass, leaf mass and stem mass for either forage on SSU and RPAS treatments but they exceeded those on RPU. Soil pH was lower in soil fertilized with ammonium sulfate than in soil fertilized with urea. Applying natural reactive phosphate plus ammonium sulfate seems as effective as simple superphosphate plus urea in promoting increased growth in tropical grasses on low-P soils. Longer-term and more extensive field studies are needed to determine if these results can be reproduced in the long term, and the level of soil acidification over time.
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Kunito, Takashi, Ikuko Isomura, Hirotaka Sumi, Ho-Dong Park, Hideshige Toda, Shigeto Otsuka, Kazunari Nagaoka, Kazutoshi Saeki, and Keishi Senoo. "Aluminum and acidity suppress microbial activity and biomass in acidic forest soils." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 97 (June 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.02.019.
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Scott, B. J., A. M. Ridley, and M. K. Conyers. "Management of soil acidity in long-term pastures of south-eastern Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 8 (2000): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00014.
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Acidification of non arable soils under long-term pasture presents a major agricultural problem in the high rainfall areas (≥600 mm/year) of central and southern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria. Some of these soils were already strongly acid to depth before agriculture. Evidence suggests that persistence of pasture species tolerant of acidic soils is being affected adversely on a number of severely acidic soils. Acidification processes are well understood but the capacity for grazing enterprises to pay for amendment by lime application is a major constraint in long-term pasture areas. In addition, soil acidification is likely to have substantial off-site effects on water quantity and quality and as a result, on dryland salinity. However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence to link soil acidity and dryland salinity in this way. Production from a grazing enterprise can be maintained by selecting plants for tolerance of acidity, surface application of lime or a combination of both. Responses by subterranean clover, lucerne and perennial grass (mainly phalaris and cocksfoot)-based pastures to incorporated lime are reported, but there is limited evidence of responses to surface applied lime. The movement of the lime effect into the soil from surface application is suggested as a major factor in controlling lime responses by plants. There is a need for more confidence in the benefits of topdressed lime in non arable soils before producers are likely to adopt the practice. High subsurface acidity in many soils is a major limitation to the range of species that can be grown. In the longer term, the use of lime may remove constraints on the use of productive species such as lucerne. Other options for acidic soils where slope is less than 10% are for the grazing system to be modified or intensified, or for crop or horticultural production. Costs of lime could be justified through more profitable enterprises than traditional grazing operations. Low input systems based on native grasses are intrinsically appealing, however, this is only possible where a premium is paid for such produce (such as super fine wool). Forestry is an option where suitable land and infrastructure are present and should slow soil acidification and minimise off-site impacts. Land retirement may be a useful option for some parts of the landscape that contribute disproportionately to environmental problems. Private and government funded land retirement may have a role to play.
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Green, Rosalind, T. David Waite, Michael D. Melville, and Ben C. T. Macdonald. "Characteristics of the Acidity in Acid Sulfate Soil Drainage Waters, McLeods Creek, Northeastern NSW, Australia." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05055.
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Environmental Context. Acid sulfate soils are found in many low-lying coastal areas, but they can also be encountered in inland areas of Australia and other parts of the world. These soils typically contain iron sulfides, primarily pyrite (FeS2) and mackinawite (FeS), and the products that result from oxidation of these iron minerals. Acidic and metal-rich waters can be produced when the pyrite in soil is oxidized by natural means or accelerated when the soil is drained, which typically occurs when it is developed for agriculture or urban use. In general, acid sulfate soils become a problem when oxidation products are transported from the soil profile into nearby streams and estuaries, which can severely affect the ecology, biodiversity, economic development, and the aesthetics of adjacent waterways. The key contributors to acidity in drainage waters from the site examined are Al3+, AlSO4– and, under particular circumstances, Mn2+ and Fe2+, but the principal species contributing to acidity are strongly time variant and would be expected to vary from site to site. Abstract. Catchments that contain acid sulfate soils can discharge large quantities of acid and dissolved metals into waterways. At McLeods Creek in far northern NSW, Australia, the acidity from the hydrolysis of dissolved metal species, particularly aluminium and iron, contributes to greater than 70% of the total acidity. Therefore, a poor relationship exists between both calculated and titrated acidity and pH because of the dominant influence of these hydrolyzable metal species. Determination of the so-called ‘cold acidity’ by direct titration with NaOH yields results that are difficult to replicate because of the buffering effects of suspended solids, carbon dioxide ingassing, and/or MnII and FeII oxidation in the sample as the titration end-point is approached. Samples that are pre-treated with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide produce results (of ‘hot acidity’) that can be easily replicated and are similar to calculated acidities based on elemental analysis and speciation calculations. The cold acidity values for titrations of 105 water samples from the chosen field site are often higher than hot acidity values as a result of the loss of carbonate acidity during pre-treatment of samples for hot acidity analysis.
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Deng, Yange, Satoshi Inomata, Kei Sato, Sathiyamurthi Ramasamy, Yu Morino, Shinichi Enami, and Hiroshi Tanimoto. "Temperature and acidity dependence of secondary organic aerosol formation from <i>α</i>-pinene ozonolysis with a compact chamber system." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (April 21, 2021): 5983–6003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5983-2021.
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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) affect human health and climate change prediction; however, the factors (e.g., temperature, acidity of pre-existing particles, and oxidants) influencing their formation are not sufficiently resolved. Using a compact chamber, the temperature and acidity dependence of SOA yields and chemical components in SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis were systematically investigated under 278, 288, and 298 K temperatures using neutral ((NH4)2SO4) and acidic (H2SO4+((NH4)2SO4)) seed aerosols. SOA components with m/z less than 400 were analyzed using negative electrospray ionization liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on the slightly negative temperature dependence of the SOA yields, the enthalpies of vaporization under neutral and acidic seed conditions were estimated to be 25 and 44 kJ mol−1, respectively. In addition, SOA yields increased with an increase in the acidity of seed particles (solid/near-solid state) at low SOA mass loadings, when compared with the seed particle amounts. Acidity dependence analysis of the chemical formula, molecular mass, and O:C ratio of the detected compounds indicated the enhanced formation of multiple oligomers in the wide molecular mass range with a wide range of O:C ratios under acidic seed conditions. The peak abundances of some chemical compounds increased with an increase in the acidity of seed particles (e.g., m/z 197, 311, 313, 339, 355, and 383), while decreases in the peak abundances of some chemical compounds were observed (e.g., m/z 171, 185, 215, 343, and 357). The acidity dependence could be explained by acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions or acid-catalyzed decomposition of hydroperoxides. In addition, organosulfate (OS) formation was observed under acidic seed conditions. Six out of the 11 detected OSs were potentially formed via the aldehyde + HSO4- pathway.
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Hilman, Yusdar, Anuar Abdul Rahim, Mohamed Hanafi Musa, and Azizah Hashim. "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v8n1.2007.10-16.
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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution.
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Hilman, Yusdar, Anuar Abdul Rahim, Mohamed Hanafi Musa, and Azizah Hashim. "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v8n1.2007.p10-16.
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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution.
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Jeffries, D. S., S. E. Doka, M. L. Mallory, F. Norouzian, A. Storey, and I. Wong. "Effets des précipitations acides sur les écosystèmes aquatiques au Canada: Situation actuelle et future." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705335ar.
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Cet article représente une évaluation de l'état actuel et des tendances observées dans les écosystèmes lacustres, ainsi que de leur état futur probable lorsque les réductions d'émissions requises dans le cadre de l'Entente Canada-États-Unis sur la qualité de l'air auront été effectives. Outre une synthèse des faits saillants de ce dossier pour l'ensemble du Canada, le présent article s'appuie aussi sur l'ensemble des données physico-chimiques récentes (8874 échantillons) observées sur 2779 lacs de l'est canadien, ainsi que celles recueillies (1012 échantillons) sur 252 lacs de l'ouest canadien depuis 1985. Des données biologiques (poissons, benthos, zooplancton et oiseaux aquatiques) ont également été inventoriées pour identifier l'ampleur des dommages biologiques. Les nombreux lacs ayant subi une acidification anthropique récente sont situés pour la plupart dans l'est du Canada où les dépôts de SO- sont élevés. La sensibilité des sols influence également leur distribution spatiale. Durant la période s'échelonnant de 1981 à 1994, seulement 33% des 202 lacs faisant l'objet d'un suivi temporel dans l'est du Canada ont montré une amélioration significative de leur acidité (réduction) en réponse à la baisse des dépôts de SO- (11% des lacs ont subi une hausse d'acidité et 56% n'ont montré aucun changement). Plus de la moitié des lacs ayant récupéré se situent à proximité de Sudbury en Ontario. Plusieurs processus biogéochimiques sont responsables du retard dans la réversibilité de l'acidification. Pour cette raison, la récupération biologique a été très faible dans l'est canadien, exception faite de la région immédiate de Sudbury. Trois scénarios d'émissions ont été considérés: scénario 1: niveaux d'émission canadiens et américains de 1985; scénario 2: émissions canadiennes de 1994 et émissions américaines de 1990 ; scénario 3: réductions d'émissions américaines et canadiennes complétées. Ces scénarios de réductions d'émissions, qui ont été utilisés comme données d'entrée à des modèles stationnaires simulant la chimie des eaux de surface et qui ont été appliqués à cinq grandes zones lacustres du l'est canadien, suggèrent que la proportion de lacs "endommagés" (définis comme étant des lacs de pH<6) diminuera conséquemment aux réductions d'émissions américaines et canadiennes. De 11 à 49% des lacs acidifiés le resteront après l'ensemble des réductions prévues (scénario 3). Le Québec et l'Ontario, qui reçoivent actuellement les plus fortes retombées acides, bénéficieront le plus des réductions. Les gains environnementaux seront plus faibles dans l'est et dans l'ouest du Canada. De plus faibles dépôts acides et une contribution naturelle à l'acidité pourraient expliquer cette moins grande récupération. Il est maintenant reconnu que le pH est le principal facteur d'influence de la diversité spécifique du poisson, bien que d'autres facteurs comme la morphométrie du lac, l'altitude et les concentrations de COD soient aussi en partie responsables. Une réduction des dommages biologiques (i.e.baisse des disparitions de populations de poisson) serait donc possible, mais cette amélioration ne surviendra qu'après la hausse du pH des eaux de surface. L'importance relative des gains au plan biologique suivra une évolution similaire à celui des aspects chimiques. Des dommages significatifs aux écosystèmes lacustres subsisteront néanmoins après réalisation de l'ensemble des réductions d'émissions. Des pertes de populations de poissons devraient subsister dans 6% (Sudbury) à 15% (Kejimkujik) des lacs. Compte tenu du grand nombre de lacs situés dans le sud-est canadien, les pourcentages précédents impliquent que les ressources piscicoles perdues pourraient être très élevées. La restauration des communautés piscicoles devra passer dans bien des cas par un ré-enpoissonnement. De nouveaux programmes de contrôle visant des réductions supplémentaires d'émissions seront dès lors nécessaires pour protéger correctement les écosystèmes sensibles.
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Yumnam, Julia S., Mayank Rai, and Wricha Tyagi. "Allele mining across two low-P tolerant genes PSTOL1 and PupK20-2 reveals novel haplotypes in rice genotypes adapted to acidic soils." Plant Genetic Resources 15, no. 3 (December 8, 2015): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262115000544.
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About 40% of the global arable land is acidic, and in India, majority of these acidic soils are in the north-eastern region. Soil acidity leads to high phosphorus (P) fixation that causes P deficiency; therefore, there is a need to characterize the identified potential donors for acidic soils for P-deficiency tolerance. We evaluated rice genotypes for nucleotide variation in two loci reported for low P tolerance, namely PSTOL1 and PupK20-2. Sequence comparison for PSTOL1 revealed two distinct haplotypes. Genotypes with higher P uptake such as LR 19 and LR 23 had the desired Kasalath-type haplotype, whereas those with lower P uptake such as UR 29 and LR 39 showed a mixed haplotype. A total of four novel nucleotide variations were observed in 3′-UTR (untranslated region). Sequencing of PupK20-2 revealed a total of 28 SNPs and one insertion–deletion, of which 24 SNPs were novel. The discovery of novel SNPs across both PSTOL1 and PupK20-2 suggests the existence of novel haplotypes in genotypes adapted to acidic soil conditions. We reported for the first time the characterization of the donors being used in breeding programmes for acidic soils at the molecular level. The implications in breeding programmes are discussed.
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Bolotnik, Elizaveta. "Ecological and cenotic characteristics of communities involving the species of Prunella vulgaris L. and Prunella grandiflora L. in the Middle and Southern Urals." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600005.
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On the territory of the Middle and Southern Urals, P. vulgaris is found in pine, spruce-pine, birch forests, meadows and in artificial spruce-larch forest plantations; P. grandiflora − in birch forests, less often on meadows. P. vulgaris is confined to half-open places or light-forest with moistening from sub-forest-meadow to wet forest-meadow with not very rich or rather rich soils. P. grandiflora grows in semi-open spaces and in light forests with moistening from wet-steppe to dry-forest-meadow with rather poor soils. Both species are found on very poor soils and the ones that are poor in nitrogen, having a weak acidic and acidic soil medium. According to the soil acidity factor, the amplitude of the ecological space of P. grandiflora coenopopulations on studied territory goes beyond the ranges of the ecological range according to the scales of D.N. Tsyganov.
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Formánek, P., and V. Vranová. "A contribution to the effect of liming on forest soils: review of literature." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 4 (January 16, 2012): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4692-jfs.
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Extensive forest areas were ameliorated by large-scale liming in the last years in order to prevent proceeding acidification and degradation of forest soils. The hitherto knowledge of liming effects on the function of forest soils still appears insufficient for an unambiguous evaluation. Sorption properties of soils and acidity are favourably affected by liming and the favourable effect is usually manifested in the layer of forest floor humus and in mineral soil within ten years. Reduction of soil acidity stimulates development of a bacterial component of microflora, soil edaphon, and good prerequisites are formed for a release of nutrients from soil organic matter. Improvement of some physical parameters of soils and negative effect of liming on the depth of rooting in spruce, availability of nutrients at some sites and in connection with mechanical soil preparation were also described. A key point of liming effect on forest soils is nitrogen dynamics. Mineralization of nitrogen is stimulated at nitrogen-rich sites with C/N < 30. Nitrogen-limited sites show nitrogen mineralization inhibited by liming with signs of pronounced deficiency in spruce nutrition. A positive effect of liming on nutrition with bases is generally accompanied by an adverse influence on N dynamics in acidic soils under spruce monocultures. Therefore it is possible to state that liming induces relatively marked changes in the soil but the actual growth response of woody species cannot be derived only from these changes.
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Nduwumuremyi, Athanase, Vicky Ruganzu, Jayne Njeri Mugwe, and Athanase Cyamweshi Rusanganwa. "Effects of Unburned Lime on Soil pH and Base Cations in Acidic Soil." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (November 26, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/707569.
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Sustainable agriculture is threatened by the widespread soil acidity in many arable lands of Rwanda. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of unburned limes and their effects on soil acidity and base cations in acidic soils of high land of Buberuka. The lime materials used were agricultural burned lime and three unburned lime materials, Karongi, Musanze, and Rusizi. The test crop was Irish Potato. All lime materials were analyzed for Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (CCE) and Fineness. A field trial in Randomized Complete Block Design was established in 2011 at Rwerere research station. The treatments comprised of the four lime materials applied at four levels: 0, 1.4, 2.8, and 4.3 t ha−1 of CCE. Soil cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were determined by extraction method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Ca and Mg and flame photometer for K and Na. The Al3+ was determined using potassium chloride extraction method. Experimental soil baseline showed that the soil was very strongly acidic (2.8 cmol kg−1 Al3+). The unburned limes were significantly (P<0.001) different in terms of CCE and fineness. A higher CCE was recorded in agricultural burned and Rusizi unburned limes (86.36% and 85.46%, resp.). In terms of fineness, agricultural burned and Musanze unburned lime were higher (70.57 and 63.03%, resp.). Soil acidity significantly affected from 4.8 to 5.6 pH and exchangeable Al reduced from 2.8 cmol kg−1 to 0.16 cmol kg−1 of Al3+. Similarly all cations affected by unburned limes application, significantly (P<0.001) Ca saturation increased from 27.44 to 71.81%, Mg saturation from 11.18 to 36.87% and significantly (P<0.001) Al saturation reduced from 58.45 to 3.89%. The increase of Mg saturation was observed only with Karongi unburned lime application. This study recommends therefore, the use of 2.8 t ha−1 of CaCO3 of Rusizi or Musanze unburned lime as alternative to the agricultural burned lime for improving soil acidity and base cations in acidic soils.
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Breemen, N. van. "Effects of redox processes on soil acidity." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i3.16724.
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Redox processes due to alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions may give rise to strongly acidic or alkaline soils and waters. First, oxidized chemical components tend to be more acidic or less alkaline than their reduced counterparts. Second, and more important, redox processes often lead to the simultaneous formation of acidic (or potentially acidic) and alkaline substances with different mobility (dissolved or gaseous versus adsorbed or solid), so that one of the two substances can be exported, leaving a more acidic or more alkaline residue. Examples of acidification or alkalinization processes in wetlands based on these principles are: (1) formation of acid sulfate soils (transformation of seawater sulfate and sedimentary iron to immobile potential acidity (FeS2) and mobile alkalinity (HCO3-), followed by oxidation of FeS2 after the alkalinity has disappeared), (2) alkalinization of periodically flooded acid sulfate soils (formation of dissolved ferrous sulfate during reduction, and oxidation of the ferrous sulfate to ferric oxide and sulfuric acid at the soil surface, followed by drainage of the acid floodwater), (3) ferrolysis (immobilization of seasonally reduced ferric iron as exchangeable Fe2+, and removal of replaced bases by drainage, followed by oxidation of Fe2+ -clay to H+ -clay), and (4) soil alkalinization in closed depressions (reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium (hydrogen) carbonate and volatile H2S). (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Girma, Tsegaye, Birhanu Biazin, Sheleme Beyene, and Berga Lemaga. "Integrated Application of Organic and Blended Mineral Fertilizers Improves Potato Productivity and Income for Smallholder Farmers in Acidic Soils." Environment and Natural Resources Research 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n1p61.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world’s third most important food crop. However, potato productivity is very low in acidic soils that cover about 50% of the arable land in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sole and integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and different types mineral fertilizers on yield, yield components and economic returns of potato in acidic soil of Ethiopia. Six treatments: 1) Control (without fertilizer), 2) sole application of the recommended NP (RNP) fertilizer (11 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P), 3) sole FYM (28.8 t/ha FYM), 4) half dose of recommended NP fertilizer and half dose of the FYM, 5) blended fertilizer formulated as 17.3 kg N, 34.7 kg P2O5, 7.41 kg S, 2.23 kg Zn, 0.3 kg B + 100 kg/ha), and 6) half blended and half FYM, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that potato plants amended with sole blended fertilizer, and integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers doubled fresh tuber yield as compared to the control. The RNP fertilizer gave the lowest (α < 0.05) marketable potato yields of all the fertilizer treatments. Applications of sole blended or integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers resulted in the highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return. Integrated use of FYM and mineral fertilizers is crucial for improved and sustained smallholder potato production in acidic soils. Further studies are required to examine the long-term effects of blended fertilizers on soil properties.
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Shaaban, Muhammad, Yupeng Wu, Lei Wu, Ronggui Hu, Aneela Younas, Avelino Nunez-Delgado, Peng Xu, et al. "The Effects of pH Change through Liming on Soil N2O Emissions." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060702.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an overwhelming greenhouse gas and agricultural soils, particularly acidic soils, are the main source of its release to the atmosphere. To ameliorate acidic soil condition, liming materials are added as an amendment. However, the impact of liming materials has not been well addressed in terms of exploring the effect of soil pH change on N2O emissions. In the present study, a soil with pH 5.35 was amended with liming materials (CaMg(CO3)2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaO) to investigate their effects on N2O emissions. The results indicate that application of liming materials reduced the magnitudes of N2O emissions. The maximum reduction of soil N2O emissions took place for Ca(OH)2 treatment when compared to the other liming materials, and was related to increasing soil pH. Mineral N, dissolved organic C, and microbial biomass C were also influenced by liming materials, but the trend was inconsistent to the soil pH change. The results suggest that N2O emission mitigation is more dependent on soil pH than C and N dynamics when comparing the different liming materials. Moreover, ameliorating soil acidity is a promising option to mitigate N2O emissions from acidic soils.
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Yang, Lin-Tong, Yi-Ping Qi, Huan-Xin Jiang, and Li-Song Chen. "Roles of Organic Acid Anion Secretion in Aluminium Tolerance of Higher Plants." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/173682.
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Approximately 30% of the world’s total land area and over 50% of the world’s potential arable lands are acidic. Furthermore, the acidity of the soils is gradually increasing as a result of the environmental problems including some farming practices and acid rain. At mildly acidic or neutral soils, aluminium(Al) occurs primarily as insoluble deposits and is essentially biologically inactive. However, in many acidic soils throughout the tropics and subtropics, Al toxicity is a major factor limiting crop productivity. The Al-induced secretion of organic acid (OA) anions, mainly citrate, oxalate, and malate, from roots is the best documented mechanism of Al tolerance in higher plants. Increasing evidence shows that the Al-induced secretion of OA anions may be related to the following several factors, including (a) anion channels or transporters, (b) internal concentrations of OA anions in plant tissues, (d) temperature, (e) root plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, (f) magnesium (Mg), and (e) phosphorus (P). Genetically modified plants and cells with higher Al tolerance by overexpressing genes for the secretion and the biosynthesis of OA anions have been obtained. In addition, some aspects needed to be further studied are also discussed.
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Danso, I., S. A. Okyere, E. Larbi, F. Danso, and B. N. Nuertey. "Assessment of nutrients status of areas supporting optimum oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) cultivation in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v54i2.1.
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In Ghana, information on the fertility status to support oil palm growth and productivity and possible fertilizer recommendation is not common. The objective of this study was to assess the nutrition-related limitations to production of oil palm across areas climatically delineated as optimum for sustainable oil palm production. Based on Ghana Interim Soil Classification System, benchmark soils identified in these areas were: Temang (Lixisols), Akroso (Acrisol), Kokofu (Alisols), Basitia (Acrislos), Firam (Acrisols) and Nkwanta (Acrisols). Results indicated generally strongly acidic soil and exchangeable acidity values obtained were high and consistent with very acidic soil conditions. There were generally- high C: N ratios (>20) except some few sites, thus supplementary nitrogen is required to reduce C: N ratio and improve N availability. The Total Exchangeable Bases (TEB), Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) and available P values were less than the optimum values for sustainable oil palm production. Both soil and foliar analysis indicated that soils in areas assessed have low soil fertility with relatively good soil physical conditions. It is recommended that instead of superphosphate fertilizer application, rock phosphate should be administered due to high acidity. Raising the low ECEC levels of the soil calls for composted empty fruit bunches incorporation.
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Withers, Paul J. A. "The Influence of Particle Size on the Agronomic Effectiveness of Agricultural Liming Materials." Outlook on Agriculture 22, no. 3 (September 1993): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709302200308.
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Periodic liming to maintain soil pH (the measure of acidity or alkalinity) is essential to achieve and sustain high crop yields on non-calcareous soils. Liming materials must meet certain specifications regarding their ability to neutralize soil acidity if they are to be sold within the EC. At present, the effectiveness of liming materials is assessed by analysis of their chemical reactivity or Neutralizing Value (NV). However, EC legislation is likely soon to require that methods of analysis also take into account the physical properties of liming materials: particle size, mineralogy and hardness are all physical factors that can Influence reactivity. In particular, particle size can have a substantial effect on lime reactivity in the short term. The significance of particle size as a factor in the overall effectiveness with which agricultural liming materials neutralize soil acidity is reappraised below.
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Carmona, N., M. García-Heras, E. Herrero, K. Kromka, J. Faber, and M. A. Villegas. "Mejora de sensores vítreos sol-gel para la conservación preventiva de materiales históricos frente a la acidez." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 46, no. 4 (August 30, 2007): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2007.v46.i4.239.
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Jonczak, Jerzy. "Long-term effect of crops and fertilization on soil eco-chemical state." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0021.
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Abstract The study on long-term effects of various crops and fertilization practices on soil eco-chemical state was performed in the complex of Planosols at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW experimental station in Skierniewice. The study covered three experiments – Ex-1 (established in 1923; no organic fertilization, cereals as a crop), Ex-2 (established in 1992; farmyard manure application every 4 years, cereals as a crop) and Ex-3 (established in 1975; no organic fertilization, blueberries as a crop). Additionally, each experiment covered three mineral fertilization options, including no fertilization, NPK and CaNPK. Soil samples were taken from A-horizons in 2017 and analysed using standard procedures. The results demonstrate considerable influence of crops and fertilization practices on soil eco-chemical state. Both mineral and organic fertilizers positively affected sorptive capacity as compared to control and modified ionic composition of soil sorption complex. Lower exchangeable acidity and higher sum of exchangeable basis and base saturation were noted in fertilized soils and cereals as a crop as compared to controls. Under blueberries there was observed strong acidification of the soil, in particular in combination with NPK fertilizers, as evidenced by the highest exchangeable acidity, hydrolytic acidity, and the lowest base saturation. Liming partially neutralized acidifying effect of blueberries. Fertilization and crops also strongly influenced buffering capacity of the soils. Extremely low ability to neutralize acidic ions was noted in unfertilized soils, whereas the highest at plots fertilized with Ca. The highest ability to neutralize alkaline ions was typical for NPK fertilized soils under blueberries.
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Ntacyabukura, Tite, Ernest Uwiringiyimana, Minghua Zhou, Bowen Zhang, Bo Zhu, Barthelemy Harerimana, Jean de Dieu Nambajimana, Gratien Nsabimana, and Pascal Nsengumuremyi. "Effect of Biochar and Straw Application on Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions from Eutric Regosols with Different pH in Sichuan Basin: A Mesocosm Study." Atmosphere 12, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060729.
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Adoption of crop residue amendments has been increasingly recommended as an effective management practice for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing soil fertility, thereby increasing crop production. However, the effect of biochar and straw on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in soils of differing pH remains poorly understood. Three treatments (control (i.e., no amendment), maize straw, and biochar derived from maize straw) were therefore established separately in soils with different pH levels, classified as follows: acidic, neutral, and alkaline. N2O and CH4 were investigated using a static chamber–gas chromatography system during 57 days of a mesocosm study. The results showed that cumulative N2O emissions were significantly higher in acidic soils than in other experimental soils, with the values ranging from 7.48 to 11.3 kg N ha−1, while CH4 fluxes ranged from 0.060 to 0.089 kg C ha−1, with inconclusive results. However, a weak negative correlation was observed between log N2O and log NO3-N in acidic soil with either biochar or straw, while the same parameters with CH4 showed a moderate negative correlation, suggesting a likelihood that these amendments could mitigate GHGs as a result of the NO3-N increase in acidic soils. It is also possible, given the alkaline nature of the biochar, that incorporation had a significant buffer effect on soil acidity, effectively increasing soil pH by >0.5 pH units. Our findings suggest that for the rates of application for biochar and straw used in this study, the magnitude of reductions in the emissions of N2O and CH4 are dependent in part on initial soil pH.
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Kremenetska, Ye O., and A. V. Melnyk. "Physicochemical properties of soils in the forest-park stands of Kyiv city." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, no. 1-2(35-36) (July 30, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2019.1-2.3.
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The experimental plots were established in natural forest stands of mature and overmature ages in different edatopes of forest growth – A2, B2, B3, C2, C3, D2 (according to Alekseev-Pogrebnyak's edaphic net). Forest stands formed mainly by Pinus sylvestris L. and / or Quercus robur L. The investigated natural forest stands are characterized by high forest plant effect, which can be explained by the favorable values of the soil’s physicochemical properties (pHH2O, pHKCl, amount of absorbed bases, absorption capacity, degree of saturation of bases).The analysis of physicochemical properties of soils in the forest-park stands of the Kyіv city makes it possible to formulate conclusions. First, the numerical value of the soil-absorbing complex of sod-podzolic soils of clay-sand mechanical composition is negligible. The saturation of the soil-absorption complex by the cations of alkaline earth metals and hydrogen is evidenced by the data of the absorption capacity, which range from 4.7 to 10.7 ‒ in the humus-eluvial horizon, as well as from 2.0 to 5.8 mg ‒ еq. per 100 g of soil ‒ in eluvial horizon. The fact of decrease of this index from the upper layers to the lower ones has been established, and a considerable increase is observed at the near occurrence of moraine sediments.Sums of absorbed bases, as well as the absorption capacity in the upper layers of all soils are close in value. The surface layers are characterized by significant amounts of the sums of the absorbed bases due to the accumulation of bases in the course of bio-circulation ‒ up to 3.3 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil.
In fresh submerged conditions (edatope B2), the maximum value of the sum of absorbed bases was fixed in the humus-eluvial layer of the rich difference of fresh subsidence (edatope B2///) ‒ 5,25 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil; the absorption capacity in this layer reaches 10.41 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil. In edatopes B2/ and B2//, the sum of absorbed bases is negligible ‒ 0.10‒2.01 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil, with the absorption capacity of 2.33‒9.07 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil. Within these limits, the values of these indicators fluctuate in edatopes A2, B3, C2, C3. But in the deep layers of the soil profile (in places of occurrence of the mother soil), the value of this indicator increases again: in pine sand — up to 3.61 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil, moraine sandy loam or loam of fresh suburbs ‒ up to 3.7, moraine light loam in edatope C2 ‒ up to 4.94 and in boulder clay ‒ up to 15.5 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil.
In the case of oak forest, that grow on fertile soil in fresh moisture conditions (edatope D2), the sum of absorbed bases and absorption capacity have the greatest values at depths of 20‒40 cm (8.88 mg – eq. per 100 g soil and 17.9 mg – eq. 100 g soil respectively). The smallest values of these parameters were set at a depth of 62‒100 cm (respectively 4.25 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g soil and 6.7 mg – eq. per 100 g soil). Among the studied edatopes, the highest sums of the absorbed bases are characterized by the soil thickness of edatopes C2 and C3, where this index reaches 82 %.
The actual acidity (рНН2О) values indicate that the upper layers of sod-podzolic soils under fresh boron conditions (edatope A2) are characterized by a weak acid reaction (5.0‒5.5). The magnitude of this indicator deviates toward the midacid reaction in edatopes B2// and B2///, approaches neutral reaction (5.5‒6.0) on relatively rich soils in fresh and moist conditions of moisture (edatopes C2, C3) ‒ in proportion to the increase in Q. robur participation in forest stands. Such actual acidity (рНН2О) contributes to the development of mycorrhizal fungi, the normal nutrition of P. sylvestris and its successful growth. With the depth of the soil thickness, there is a general tendency to neutralize its acidity.
The value of the exchange acidity (pHKCl) of the surface layer of soil under pine stands is within the strongly acidic (4.0‒4.5), and in pine-oak forests this indicator varies between strongly acidic and slightly acidic (4.6‒5.2). In the surface layer of soil of pine forest stands, рНKCl is strongly acidic (4.0‒4.5), and under pine-oak forests it varies between strongly acidic and slightly acidic.
On the example of oak and pine-oak stands that are growing on fresh and moist relatively rich soils (edatopes C2 and C3) the peculiarity of distribution of actual acidity in the surface layer of soils beneath them is revealed. This feature is that the weakly acidic рНН2О reaction approaches to neutral with increasing proportion of Q. robur in the stand’s composition:1/10 of the total forest stand stock is Q. robur and 9/10 is P. sylvestris ‒ pHH2O is 5.0; 3/10 parts is Q. robur and 7/10 parts is P. sylvestris ‒ 5.5; 8/10 parts is Q. robur and 2/10 parts is P. sylvestris ‒ 5.7; 10/10 parts is Q. robur ‒ 5.9.
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Moroni, J. S., K. Sato, B. J. Scott, M. Conyers, B. J. Read, R. Fisher, and G. Poile. "Novel barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm resistant to acidic soil." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 7 (2010): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10003.
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Improving the resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to acidic soils is an important goal of several barley breeding programs around the world. The identification and utilisation of novel barley sources resistant to aluminium (Al) may provide a significant and rapid advance towards that goal. Barley standards and screening protocols for selecting barley germplasm resistant to Al in nutrient solution and acidic soil were reevaluated. The assays used were quantitative in nature and were suitable for genotypic- and seedling-based selections. Although there was a broad agreement between the solution culture assays and soil assays in the ranking of genotypes it obscured the fact that misclassification of genotypes is common. Brindabella was shown to be better suited than Dayton (the current barley standard resistant to Al) as the Australian standard for resistance to acidic soils. A seedling-based Al pulse-recovery assay and an acidic soil assay were used to characterise 41 genotypes from the South and East Asian Barley Core Collection (SEA-BCC). In addition, in the acidic soil assays several standard barley and wheat genotypes were included. Three SEA-BCC genotypes were more resistant than Dayton to acidic soil while several others were similar to Dayton. The most resistant SEA-BCC genotypes Honen, Ohichi and Zairai Tanbo were of Japanese origin. Misclassification of barley genotypes and wheat genotypes for resistance to soil acidity between solution culture and acid soil assay provided strong evidence for the unsuitability of solution culture assay. Although in solution culture several barley genotypes were sensitive relative to wheat, in acidic soil they were not different from wheat. While the quest for resistant barley to acidic soils similar or better than resistant wheat still continues, it may be an unnecessary endeavour.
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Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul, Rounok Jahan, Shihab Uddin, Israt Jahan Harine, Mohammad Anamul Hoque, Sabry Hassan, Mohamed M. Hassan, and Mohammad Anwar Hossain. "Lime and Organic Manure Amendment Enhances Crop Productivity of Wheat–Mungbean–T. Aman Cropping Pattern in Acidic Piedmont Soils." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081595.
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Soil acidity is a major problem when it comes to improving crop productivity and nutrient uptake. This experiment was therefore conducted at a farmer’s field—Nalitabari Upazila under AEZ 22 (northern and eastern Piedmont plains) to evaluate the effects of lime and organic manure (OM) amendment on crop productivity and nutrient uptake of the wheat–mungbean–T. Aman cropping pattern in acidic soils of northern and eastern Piedmont plains. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were nine treatments applied, varying doses of lime (dololime at the rate of 1 and 2 t ha−1), OM (cow dung at the rate of 5 t ha−1, poultry manure at the rate of 3 t ha−1) and a lime–OM combination to the first crop; T. Aman and its residual effects were evaluated in the succeeding second crop, wheat, and the third crop, mungbean. Results demonstrate that application of lime and organic manure to soil had significant effects on the first crop. However, the effects of lime and organic manure were more pronounced in the second and third crops. The increase in grain yield over control ranged from 0.24 to 13.44% in BINA dhan7. However, it varied from 10.14 to 54.38% in BARI Gom30 and 40 to 161.67% in BARI Mung6. The straw yields of the crops also followed a similar trend. The N, P, K, and S uptake by grain and straw of T. Aman, wheat, and mungbean were influenced significantly by the combined application of lime and organic manure. Sole or combined application of lime and manure amendment significantly improved nutrient availability and soil quality. Therefore, application of lime in combination with manure can be practiced for uplifting the crop productivity and improving soil quality in acidic Piedmont soils of northern and eastern Piedmont plains.
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Chig, Léo Adriano, Mariano Martínez Espinosa, Eduardo Guimarães Couto, and Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim. "USO DE SÉRIES TEMPORAIS EM ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DO pH DO SOLO." Nativa 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i4.5089.
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Sendo o pH da solução do solo um índice que determina a acidez e alcalinidade do solo e sabendo que as plantas se desenvolvem melhor em determinados pH’s, o conhecimento da variação temporal no solo desse índice pode colaborar para adequação de estratégias de manejo da fertilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi ajustar um modelo de séries temporais com o intuito de conhecer a variação temporal dos valores de pH do solo, em áreas de cultivo comercial sob Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Foi possível estimar o pH do solo utilizando a técnica de análise de series temporais, considerando o modelo de suavização exponencial de Holt-Winters (HW), obtendo o melhor ajuste pelo aditivo de HW, e para solo de textura argilosa foi o modelo multiplicativo, ambos por apresentarem menores valores de erro médio absoluto(EMA)e erro quadrático médio(EQM). Os solos de textura arenosa afetaram mais a variação temporal dos valores de pH, influenciados pela precipitação do que os de textura argilosa.Palavras-chave: modelo aditivo, argila, modelagem. USE OF TIME-SERIES TECHNIQUES IN ANALYSIS OF SOIL pH CHANGES ABSTRACT:Being the pH of the soil solution, an index that determines the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and knowing that the plants develop in certain pH's, knowledge of the temporal variation in the soil of this index can contribute to the adequacy of fertility management strategies. The objective of this study was to adjust a time series model with the purpose of knowing the temporal variation of soil pH values in commercial cultivated areas under Latosol Red dystrophic. It was possible to estimate the pH of the soil using the technique of time series analysis, considering the HW model. The model that best fit with the observed values of the pH of the soil was sandy texture of the additive model HW, and clayey soil was the multiplicative model, both because of the lower values of mean absolute error (MPE) and mean squared error (MSE). The sandy soils affected more temporal variation in pH, influenced by rainfall than clayey.Keywords: additive model, clay, modeling.
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Kassa Cholbe, Mesfin, Fassil Kebede Yeme, and Wassie Haile Woldeyohannes. "Fertility Status of Acid Soils under Different Land Use Types in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3713967.
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Information on soil fertility status of acid soil of a particular area as affected by land use type is important for developing sound soil management systems for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess the fertility status and effect of land use change on soil physicochemical properties. In this study, adjacent three land use types, namely, enset-coffee, crop, and grazing land use were considered in four districts (i.e., Bolos Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Sodo Zuria) of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm from each land use type of the respective districts for physicochemical analyses. The results showed that land use types significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05 ) soil properties such as bulk density, available P, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca, Mg), exchangeable acidity, and CEC. Besides, soil pH, OC, and TN were influenced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) both by districts and land use types. The very strongly acidic soils were found predominantly in the crop and grazing lands whereas a neutral acidity level was found in the enset-coffee land use type of four districts. In conclusion, the study proves that land use type change within the same geographic setting can affect the severity of soil acidity due to over cultivation and rapid organic matter decomposition. Finally, the study recommends an in-depth study and analysis on the root causes in aggravating soil acidity under crop and grazing land use types.
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Scott, B. J., I. G. Fenton, A. G. Fanning, W. G. Schumann, and L. J. C. Castleman. "Surface soil acidity and fertility in the eastern Riverina and Western Slopes of southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05155x.
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This study, in southern New South Wales (NSW), examined the chemical properties of ~4700 surface soils in agricultural paddocks and recorded lime and gypsum inputs. The area was bounded approximately by Cootamundra in the north, the NSW/Victorian border in the south, extending to Tumbarumba in the east and to near Berrigan in the west. The long-term average annual rainfall ranged from ~420 mm in the west to a maximum of 1175 mm in the east. The data, collected between 1997 and 2003, were for the surface 20 cm of soil, in two 10-cm layers. The data were generated from a soil testing program conducted with farmers in the region. We grouped the soils into three zones based on a GPS location taken at the time of sampling. These zones were 1 (lower rainfall mixed farming), 2 (higher rainfall mixed farming) and 3 (long-term pasture). Acidic soils occurred across all three zones; however, the soils in zone 1 appeared to be less acidic than soils in the other two zones. We found that surface soils (0–10 cm) with soil pH in 1 : 5 soil : 0.01 mol/L calcium chloride (pHCa) ≤4.5 represented 27%, 57% and 54% for zones 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, zone 1 had 74% of surface soils with a pHCa ≤ 5.0, and this was more acidic than previously reported. However, the surface soils in zone 1 had relatively low exchangeable aluminium (Alex) and had less acidic subsurface soils (10–20 cm), so that responses to lime application by pastures and crops may be less frequent or smaller than the surface soil pHCa alone may indicate. There was a higher frequency of acidic soils (pHCa ≤ 4.5) in the subsurface soils than in the surface soils in zones 2 (62 cf. 57%) and 3 (64 cf. 54%), suggesting that the acidity problem at this depth was a major problem. Low pHCa in the subsurface soil is known to be a constraint on crop yield. We found no evidence of the amendment of this soil depth when lime was applied and incorporated into the 0–10 cm depth, and economic amendment of acidity in the 10–20 cm depth remains unresolved. Increased adoption of liming occurred in the late 1990s, and by 1997 the percentage of paddocks limed was 14.3%, 21.3% and 13.6% in zones 1 to 3, respectively. Soil pH buffering and long-term pHCa decline after liming were similar to rates reported in field experiments. The total quantities of lime applied were insufficient for soil amendment and maintenance of soil pHCa, particularly in the long-term pasture areas. The rate of soil acidification in the 0–20 cm depth in the average annual rainfall range of 525–625 mm was estimated to be 1.52 kmol H+/ha.year. This would require 76 kg lime/ha.year to neutralise. Sodic and saline soils occurred mainly in the lower rainfall cropping areas, and were more frequent in an area around the township of Lockhart. Half the gypsum applications were at low rates (≤0.5 t/ha), and were probably for sulfur application to canola. Some of the sodic soils were acidic (34% ≤ pHCa 4.5) so that the application of lime/gypsum mixes could be appropriate in the amendment of these soils. Soils in the pasture system had mean organic carbon content (OC%) of 2.42, compared to the cropping zones at 1.65 and 1.75%. OC% was related to annual average rainfall; the increase in OC% was 0.19% and 0.08% for each 100 mm of average annual rainfall for the surface and subsurface soil, respectively. A group of soils in the cropping areas had surface OC% ≤ 1.25% OC (zone 1, 12%; zone 2, 20%) and this could be the result of intensive cropping. Most soils (55–63%) were of moderate P status (P(Colwell), 21–60 µg/g). However, there was still a substantial group of soils (31–43%) of low P status (P ≤ 20 µg/g). Most surface soils in all zones (72–80%) were low to marginal in sulfur status (KCl 40, ≤10 mg S/kg). Sulfur deficiency has been identified in canola, and current practice in the cropping areas is for inputs of gypsum at low rates.
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Sorokin, I. B., A. V. Gaag, Iu V. Chudinova, and E. A. Sirotina. "Problems of sour soil fertility increasing in Tomsk region." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) 48, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2018-48-3-31-37.
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The paper reveals the experimental results of long-term agroecological monitoring of agricultural land, conducted by Tomsk state agrochemical service, and experiments on designing the measures to improve efficiency of acidic arable land. In Tomsk region, 83% of arable land is acidic and the degree of acidity increases annually. Every 10 years weighted average pH is reduced on 0.1-0.2 units; the area of acidic soils increases. There is an urgent need for liming these soils in order to improve efficiency of agricultural production in Tomsk region. According to the calculations, the region requires 3,248 million tons of chalky flour. The region has its own large deposits of limestone, for example Kamenskoe (61 million tons), located 50 km from Tomsk, where it is possible to produce valuable meliorant, increasing efficiency of agricultural production. The authors make case, that for successful development of agricultural production in Tomsk region, it is necessary to design and implement long-term target program “Chalking of acid soils in Tomsk region”, which assumes compensation for agricultural producers for the part of the cost of liming; design and technical support of works; local production of limestone meliorants. Implementation of the acidic soil liming program will increase annual crop production in Tomsk region on 54.9 - 129.2 thousand tons of grain units, therefore it will increase annual income on 494.1 - 1162.8 million rubles (in 2017 prices), as well as ensure further increase in agricultural land fertility with high fertilizer efficiency, product quality and profitability.
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Ivanova, Natalia Nikolaevna, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin, Aleksandr Nikiphorovich Danilov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy. "Agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of Insar river flood." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp8-12.
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Studies show that the most fertile are the granular soils of the Central floodplain of the Insar river. They have high humus content in the upper horizons – 4.6-7.6 %. Down the profile, the humus content gradually decreases, but remains relatively high: at a depth of 60-70 cm – 4.0 %. The humus content in alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils is much lower. The active reaction of these soils is neutral or slightly acidic, since the river and groundwater of the Insar floodplain are medium mineralized and belong to the class of bicarbonate. The hydrolytic acidity of the alluvial granular soil of the Insar floodplain is 1.6-3.0 mg / 100 g of soil. The values of hydrolytic acidity of alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils are higher: 2.6-3.6 and 1.8–3.2 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely saturated with bases: 91-97 %. The studied alluvial granular soils of the Insar floodplain are characterized by an average content of available phosphorus. In granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils, the amount of this element is slightly less and is 7.0–5.1 and 7.4–5.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The most potassium-rich alluvial granular soil in the floodplain of the Insar river, where the content of this element in the upper layers is characterized as high: 16.5–27.6 mg/100 g of soil. In the sod layer of granular-layered soil, potassium availability is average: 9.5-15.4 mg / 100 g of soil. In the turf layer of meadow-marsh soils, potassium content is observed for most crops (8.0-10.4 mg / 100 g of soil), with depth it decreases.
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Rahman, Md, Sang-Hoon Lee, Hee Ji, Ahmad Kabir, Chris Jones, and Ki-Won Lee. "Importance of Mineral Nutrition for Mitigating Aluminum Toxicity in Plants on Acidic Soils: Current Status and Opportunities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103073.
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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major limitations that inhibit plant growth and development in acidic soils. In acidic soils (pH < 5.0), phototoxic-aluminum (Al3+) rapidly inhibits root growth, and subsequently affects water and nutrient uptake in plants. This review updates the existing knowledge concerning the role of mineral nutrition for alleviating Al toxicity in plants to acid soils. Here, we explored phosphorus (P) is more beneficial in plants under P-deficient, and Al toxic conditions. Exogenous P addition increased root respiration, plant growth, chlorophyll content, and dry matter yield. Calcium (Ca) amendment (liming) is effective for correcting soil acidity, and for alleviating Al toxicity. Magnesium (Mg) is able to prevent Al migration through the cytosolic plasma membrane in root tips. Sulfur (S) is recognized as a versatile element that alleviates several metals toxicity including Al. Moreover, silicon (Si), and other components such as industrial byproducts, hormones, organic acids, polyamines, biofertilizers, and biochars played promising roles for mitigating Al toxicity in plants. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of several new methods and low-cost effective strategies relevant to the exogenous application of mineral nutrition on Al toxicity mitigation. This information would be effective for further improvement of crop plants in acid soils.
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Thompson, T. R. E., and P. J. Loveland. "The acidity of Welsh soils." Soil Use and Management 1, no. 1 (March 1985): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1985.tb00647.x.
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Khabaz-Saberi, Hossein, Susan J. Barker, and Zed Rengel. "Tolerance to ion toxicities enhances wheat grain yield in acid soils prone to drought and transient waterlogging." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 9 (2014): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14011.
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The ion toxicities of aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) induced in transiently waterlogged acid soils decrease root and shoot growth and grain yield more in intolerant than tolerant wheat genotypes. Whether these tolerances might also enhance grain yield in moisture-limited acid soils is not known. Wheat genotypes contrasting in ion toxicity tolerances (differing 6-fold for Al, 14-fold for Mn and 2.7-fold for Fe tolerance, quantified via relative root length (Al) or relative root dry weight (Mn and Fe)), but otherwise having a similar yield potential and maturity, were evaluated in plots with and without lime in multi-location field experiments (including two dry and one non-moisture-limiting site) in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Liming reduced surface soil acidity, and increased grain yield more in ion-toxicity tolerant than intolerant genotypes. The combined adverse effect of soil acidity and drought reduced relative grain yield less in Al- and Mn-tolerant genotypes (68%, 2347 kg ha–1) than intolerant genotypes (76%, 2861 kg ha–1) in drought-stressed environments. It appears that a deep root system to allow uptake of water from deep horizons in acidic soils with a dry surface layer is contingent on tolerance to multiple ion toxicities.
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Manet, Linda, Onana Boyomo, Eddy Léonard Mangaptche Ngonkeu, Aimé Didier Boyogueno Begoudé, and Papa Saliou Sarr. "Diversity and dynamics of rhizobial populations in acidic soils with aluminum and manganese toxicities in forest zones." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31700.
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Soil acidity in the humid forest zones of Cameroon is one of the major constraints to agricultural productivity. This study was carried out to assess the rhizobial communities of two acidic soils; with aluminum toxicity (Nkoemvone) and manganese toxicity (Nkolbisson) for their potential to improve soil fertility in Cameroon. These two soils were used to inoculate to the host plants cowpea and siratro. At harvest, 120 rhizobacterial isolates were extracted from the nodules of these two hosts and subjected to morphological characterization. Twenty isolates per site were selected and analyzed for their 16S rDNA genetic profile following restrictions with endonucleases of PCR products and electrophoresis. The restriction patterns of the 16S rDNA of the 40 isolates showed 12 different profiles. Eight occurred in both types of soils, where as 4 were specific to the manganese-toxic-acidic soil. While the Al toxicity reduced the nodulation and growth of both plants, the Mn toxicity mostly affect the cowpea. This study ascertained the distribution of rhizobia based on soil characteristics. Further molecular analyses would allow the identification of the isolates recovered as well as their phylogenetical relationships.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 12-23, December, 2016