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Academic literature on the topic 'Sols gelés – Propriétés thermiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sols gelés – Propriétés thermiques"
Buteau, Sylvie. "Étude de l'affaiblissement du comportement mécanique du pergélisol dû au réchauffement climatique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35031.
Full textRichard, Caroline. "Stabilisation thermique des infrastructures routières construites sur pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide de surface à albédo élevé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28363.
Full textThe construction of transport infrastructure in northern environments inevitably affects the thermal balance of permafrost. First, the geometry of the embankment leads to changes of the drainage pattern and the snow cover extents. Furthermore, excavation or addition of materials modifies the thermal properties and the capacity of the surface to absorb or to reflect solar radiation. Also, impacts of global warming, such as rising average air temperatures and changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation, have a direct impact on the stability of permafrost and, thus, on the structural capacities of infrastructure. The design of pavement built on permafrost must be adapted to maintain safety and functionality for the expected lifetime of the road. One of the proposed solutions is the application of high albedo coatings to limit heat absorbed by solar radiation underneath the embankment. As part of the project, road sections were constructed using high albedo surfaces and instrumented to evaluate the thermal performance. Numerical modelling using GeoStudio’s TEMP/W software was developed to accomplish the twofold research objectives: to propose a thermal stabilization method based on the albedo of the surface, and to simulate the effect of embankment height on the thermal regime of the soil. Simulations allow the modelling of heat exchange in a soil column, and, through analyzing the results, an equivalent surface albedo that can stabilize the natural soil can be calculated. The stabilization approach is based on a required temperature gradient, which is the difference between the interface temperature and the permafrost temperature. A zero or negative temperature gradient indicates that heat induced underneath the embankment is equal to or lower than heat extracted. Therefore, temperature of the natural soil remains constant or decreases. A validation of the model is presented for the Beaver Creek study site.--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Larouche, Marie-Ève. "Interaction entre la dégradation accélérée du pergélisol discontinu et l'organisation du réseau de drainage, Québec subarctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21884.
Full textLanouette, Florence. "Stabilisation thermique des remblais construits sur le pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide d'une approche de conception tenant compte de l'accumulation de la neige." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69363.
Full textIn northern regions, preferential accumulation of an insulating snowpack along linear transportation infrastructures prevents the extraction of heat in winter. In permafrost terrain, this thermal equilibrium modification can be a significant cause of the underlying permafrost degradation, which affects the structural properties of the roadway. Since heat transfers through the snowpack are essentially controlled by the mechanism of conduction, its insulating effect can be counteracted by decreasing the thickness of snow on the slopes and at the toe of the embankment. To achieve this goal, the gentle slope promotes a laminar wind flow that blows snow away easily and, therefore, minimizes its accumulation. The main objective of this research project is to develop a design method aiming for thermal stabilization of linear transportation infrastructures built on permafrost by optimizing the embankment geometry to consider the preferential accumulation of snow. The general approach of the study relies on the use of a 2D model (produced with the modeling software TEMP/W) simulating the snowpack effect on the underlying ground. The monitoring of a transect at Tasiujaq airstrip, in Nunavik, documents the thermal regime in the ground and the evolution of the snowpack. Based on those data, the freezing n-factor was expressed as a function of the snow thickness following a logarithmic equation. This empirical relation is used as an upper boundary of the geothermal model. Once calibrated and validated with the data collected at theTasiujaq test site, the model allows to quantify the impact of the embankment geometry on the temperature gradient in the natural subgrade ground. This gradient is calculated from the temperature at the interface between the embankment and the ground and the temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude. A temperature gradient of zero or less is aimed to preserve the permafrost. This ground thermal regime is obtained by correcting the temperature at the interface. Therefore, numeric simulations are run for six slopes between 45 and 14% and for three embankment thickness. Finally, these results are presented through an engineering tool calculating the slope needed to assure the thermal stability of the infrastructure depending of the embankment height.
Chauchois, Alexis. "Modèles d'ordres non entiers appliqués à la caractérisation thermique de milieux évolutifs par méthode inverse : cas d'un sol humide." Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0202.
Full textWork presented proposes to measure the water content of the in situ grounds. This study concerns the thermal characterisation of surface layers of the soil, and these changes rapidly with water content. This is divided into two parts. The first is the determination of the thermal parameters of a sample of ground in laboratory by traditional methods. These tests are carried out with a water content, from 0%, that must then be increased up to saturation with intermediate tests being performed to determine the changes in the thermal properties. A correlation curve is established, between the water content of the material and its thermal characteristics. The second part involves studying the soil in situ conditions. It calls upon more complex techniques. Because of the fast evolution of the studied system, a broad recourse is made to the methods of the signal theory, in particular : the use of noninteger models. We studied three different types of ground : at first, a sand, which was used to us as reference for our tests, then we extended the method on a ground of the argillaceous type, and a ground argilo-sandy. This work led to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content of these grounds, (according to time and depth). The results were validated by gravimetric tests
Jarkass, Chadi. "Identification thermique de systèmes évolutifs par la théorie des modèles d'ordres non entiers associée à la notion d'impédance." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0202.
Full textThe objective of this work is to carry out a thermophysical characterization of porous materials quickly evolutionary, in particular the soil in its surface layers. At the experimental level, the use of fluxmetric sensors allows a simultaneous measurement of the temperature and flow in the same plan. We associated it to a method of treatment based on the concept of thermal impedance which authorizes a reliable and precise characterization of the involved systems. At the theoretical level, we have recourse to the non-integer model to determine the experimental thermal impedance in the frequential field. This constitutes an innovative procedure enabling the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the studied conductive site. The conceptual model of defined impedance was validated by a harmonic study of a reference material, an inert concrete block. A random solicitation of type B. P. R. S allows a precise characterization of the material with a minimal contribution of energy, particularly well adapted to an in situ development. Each experimental test was the aim of checking, excellent results were observed. The configuration suggested in laboratory made it possible to establish a law of correlation between moisture and the thermal effusivity for various types of ground. Finally, the approach developed in theory is applied to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content in situ
Delacre, Elisabeth. "Caractérisation thermique de matériaux poreux humides par analyse inverse dans le domaine fréquentiel." Artois, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0203.
Full textSaix, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des sols non saturés en température : application à l'exploitation thermique du sous-sol." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20187.
Full textLoutou, Mohamed. "Granulats à base de boues de phosphates : transformations thermiques, propriétés physiques et application." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0016/document.
Full textPhosphate sludge generated from beneficiation plants of Moroccan phosphate rocks was investigated at the range [900-1200°C] by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis dilatometric analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Mixtures of the phosphates ludge and amendments such as a swelling clay (up to 30 wt.% of the clay), a kaolinitic clay (up to 40 wt.% of the sludge) and a fly ash (65.5 wt.% of the ash) were investigated and their properties (shrinkage, density, water absorption and compressive strength) were measured as a function of temperature and clay addition. The results showed that gehlénite neoformed from lime of decomposed carbonates and breakdown products of clay minerals in the first mixture while labradorite/anorthite was the only neoformed phase in the other blends. Also fluoroapatite (original mineral) resisted heating until fusion in almost samples. A new approach based on the methodology of the experimental design was adopted to assess the effect of the processing factors on the studied properties. The measured properties were mainly controlled by temperature, and the effect of clay addition was less regular. Considering the mixtures densities lightweight agglomerates can be produced at specific conditions. On the other hand, the release ability of phosphorus by LWAs in the presence ofalfalfa plants has been performed. It was found that due to the release of phosphorus by soil embedded pellets the growth of alfalfa plants improved. The sintering process of blends of phosphate sludge and a naturally occurring clay material (0-30 wt.%) was investigated in the range 650-1100°C by using impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the sintering process was effective between 750 and 1000°C and occurred by melt flow
Rouleau, Jean. "Développement d'un nouveau concept de test de réponse thermo-hydraulique pour échangeurs de chaleur géothermiques verticaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26537.
Full textIt is important to know the subsurface thermal conductivity and the groundwater flow parameters (i.e. its velocity and orientation) when sizing a geothermal borefield. This master’s thesis presents a methodology and the conclusions of a numerical analysis of a novel thermal response test (TRT) concept for vertical geothermal heat exchangers. This configuration of TRT is able to measure both the hydraulic and the thermal properties of the ground. The main objective behind this work is to validate the concept and then to develop an efficient methodology to obtain from the thermal response of the TRT an estimation of the ground thermal conductivity along with the velocity and the orientation of groundwater flows. To achieve this, a numerical model of borehole was built using the finite element method. This model was then used to simulate the thermal response for various conditions. From these simulations, it has been possible to demonstrate the potential of the concept and to elaborate methodologies to find the desired properties. A graphical method is first presented. Following that, inverse problem techniques were applied to get a second measurement methodology. Results show that the suggested TRT is able to find the parameters in most of the cases.