Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sols gelés – Propriétés thermiques'
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Buteau, Sylvie. "Étude de l'affaiblissement du comportement mécanique du pergélisol dû au réchauffement climatique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35031.
Full textRichard, Caroline. "Stabilisation thermique des infrastructures routières construites sur pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide de surface à albédo élevé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28363.
Full textThe construction of transport infrastructure in northern environments inevitably affects the thermal balance of permafrost. First, the geometry of the embankment leads to changes of the drainage pattern and the snow cover extents. Furthermore, excavation or addition of materials modifies the thermal properties and the capacity of the surface to absorb or to reflect solar radiation. Also, impacts of global warming, such as rising average air temperatures and changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation, have a direct impact on the stability of permafrost and, thus, on the structural capacities of infrastructure. The design of pavement built on permafrost must be adapted to maintain safety and functionality for the expected lifetime of the road. One of the proposed solutions is the application of high albedo coatings to limit heat absorbed by solar radiation underneath the embankment. As part of the project, road sections were constructed using high albedo surfaces and instrumented to evaluate the thermal performance. Numerical modelling using GeoStudio’s TEMP/W software was developed to accomplish the twofold research objectives: to propose a thermal stabilization method based on the albedo of the surface, and to simulate the effect of embankment height on the thermal regime of the soil. Simulations allow the modelling of heat exchange in a soil column, and, through analyzing the results, an equivalent surface albedo that can stabilize the natural soil can be calculated. The stabilization approach is based on a required temperature gradient, which is the difference between the interface temperature and the permafrost temperature. A zero or negative temperature gradient indicates that heat induced underneath the embankment is equal to or lower than heat extracted. Therefore, temperature of the natural soil remains constant or decreases. A validation of the model is presented for the Beaver Creek study site.--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Larouche, Marie-Ève. "Interaction entre la dégradation accélérée du pergélisol discontinu et l'organisation du réseau de drainage, Québec subarctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21884.
Full textLanouette, Florence. "Stabilisation thermique des remblais construits sur le pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide d'une approche de conception tenant compte de l'accumulation de la neige." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69363.
Full textIn northern regions, preferential accumulation of an insulating snowpack along linear transportation infrastructures prevents the extraction of heat in winter. In permafrost terrain, this thermal equilibrium modification can be a significant cause of the underlying permafrost degradation, which affects the structural properties of the roadway. Since heat transfers through the snowpack are essentially controlled by the mechanism of conduction, its insulating effect can be counteracted by decreasing the thickness of snow on the slopes and at the toe of the embankment. To achieve this goal, the gentle slope promotes a laminar wind flow that blows snow away easily and, therefore, minimizes its accumulation. The main objective of this research project is to develop a design method aiming for thermal stabilization of linear transportation infrastructures built on permafrost by optimizing the embankment geometry to consider the preferential accumulation of snow. The general approach of the study relies on the use of a 2D model (produced with the modeling software TEMP/W) simulating the snowpack effect on the underlying ground. The monitoring of a transect at Tasiujaq airstrip, in Nunavik, documents the thermal regime in the ground and the evolution of the snowpack. Based on those data, the freezing n-factor was expressed as a function of the snow thickness following a logarithmic equation. This empirical relation is used as an upper boundary of the geothermal model. Once calibrated and validated with the data collected at theTasiujaq test site, the model allows to quantify the impact of the embankment geometry on the temperature gradient in the natural subgrade ground. This gradient is calculated from the temperature at the interface between the embankment and the ground and the temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude. A temperature gradient of zero or less is aimed to preserve the permafrost. This ground thermal regime is obtained by correcting the temperature at the interface. Therefore, numeric simulations are run for six slopes between 45 and 14% and for three embankment thickness. Finally, these results are presented through an engineering tool calculating the slope needed to assure the thermal stability of the infrastructure depending of the embankment height.
Chauchois, Alexis. "Modèles d'ordres non entiers appliqués à la caractérisation thermique de milieux évolutifs par méthode inverse : cas d'un sol humide." Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0202.
Full textWork presented proposes to measure the water content of the in situ grounds. This study concerns the thermal characterisation of surface layers of the soil, and these changes rapidly with water content. This is divided into two parts. The first is the determination of the thermal parameters of a sample of ground in laboratory by traditional methods. These tests are carried out with a water content, from 0%, that must then be increased up to saturation with intermediate tests being performed to determine the changes in the thermal properties. A correlation curve is established, between the water content of the material and its thermal characteristics. The second part involves studying the soil in situ conditions. It calls upon more complex techniques. Because of the fast evolution of the studied system, a broad recourse is made to the methods of the signal theory, in particular : the use of noninteger models. We studied three different types of ground : at first, a sand, which was used to us as reference for our tests, then we extended the method on a ground of the argillaceous type, and a ground argilo-sandy. This work led to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content of these grounds, (according to time and depth). The results were validated by gravimetric tests
Jarkass, Chadi. "Identification thermique de systèmes évolutifs par la théorie des modèles d'ordres non entiers associée à la notion d'impédance." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0202.
Full textThe objective of this work is to carry out a thermophysical characterization of porous materials quickly evolutionary, in particular the soil in its surface layers. At the experimental level, the use of fluxmetric sensors allows a simultaneous measurement of the temperature and flow in the same plan. We associated it to a method of treatment based on the concept of thermal impedance which authorizes a reliable and precise characterization of the involved systems. At the theoretical level, we have recourse to the non-integer model to determine the experimental thermal impedance in the frequential field. This constitutes an innovative procedure enabling the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the studied conductive site. The conceptual model of defined impedance was validated by a harmonic study of a reference material, an inert concrete block. A random solicitation of type B. P. R. S allows a precise characterization of the material with a minimal contribution of energy, particularly well adapted to an in situ development. Each experimental test was the aim of checking, excellent results were observed. The configuration suggested in laboratory made it possible to establish a law of correlation between moisture and the thermal effusivity for various types of ground. Finally, the approach developed in theory is applied to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content in situ
Delacre, Elisabeth. "Caractérisation thermique de matériaux poreux humides par analyse inverse dans le domaine fréquentiel." Artois, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0203.
Full textSaix, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des sols non saturés en température : application à l'exploitation thermique du sous-sol." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20187.
Full textLoutou, Mohamed. "Granulats à base de boues de phosphates : transformations thermiques, propriétés physiques et application." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0016/document.
Full textPhosphate sludge generated from beneficiation plants of Moroccan phosphate rocks was investigated at the range [900-1200°C] by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis dilatometric analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Mixtures of the phosphates ludge and amendments such as a swelling clay (up to 30 wt.% of the clay), a kaolinitic clay (up to 40 wt.% of the sludge) and a fly ash (65.5 wt.% of the ash) were investigated and their properties (shrinkage, density, water absorption and compressive strength) were measured as a function of temperature and clay addition. The results showed that gehlénite neoformed from lime of decomposed carbonates and breakdown products of clay minerals in the first mixture while labradorite/anorthite was the only neoformed phase in the other blends. Also fluoroapatite (original mineral) resisted heating until fusion in almost samples. A new approach based on the methodology of the experimental design was adopted to assess the effect of the processing factors on the studied properties. The measured properties were mainly controlled by temperature, and the effect of clay addition was less regular. Considering the mixtures densities lightweight agglomerates can be produced at specific conditions. On the other hand, the release ability of phosphorus by LWAs in the presence ofalfalfa plants has been performed. It was found that due to the release of phosphorus by soil embedded pellets the growth of alfalfa plants improved. The sintering process of blends of phosphate sludge and a naturally occurring clay material (0-30 wt.%) was investigated in the range 650-1100°C by using impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the sintering process was effective between 750 and 1000°C and occurred by melt flow
Rouleau, Jean. "Développement d'un nouveau concept de test de réponse thermo-hydraulique pour échangeurs de chaleur géothermiques verticaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26537.
Full textIt is important to know the subsurface thermal conductivity and the groundwater flow parameters (i.e. its velocity and orientation) when sizing a geothermal borefield. This master’s thesis presents a methodology and the conclusions of a numerical analysis of a novel thermal response test (TRT) concept for vertical geothermal heat exchangers. This configuration of TRT is able to measure both the hydraulic and the thermal properties of the ground. The main objective behind this work is to validate the concept and then to develop an efficient methodology to obtain from the thermal response of the TRT an estimation of the ground thermal conductivity along with the velocity and the orientation of groundwater flows. To achieve this, a numerical model of borehole was built using the finite element method. This model was then used to simulate the thermal response for various conditions. From these simulations, it has been possible to demonstrate the potential of the concept and to elaborate methodologies to find the desired properties. A graphical method is first presented. Following that, inverse problem techniques were applied to get a second measurement methodology. Results show that the suggested TRT is able to find the parameters in most of the cases.
Ducharme, Marc-André. "Caractérisation du pergélisol : application d'une nouvelle méthode afin d'estimer la conductivité thermique à l'aide de la tomodensitométrie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26733.
Full textWhen building in the Arctic, design considerations require precise knowledge of the thermal and geotechnical properties of the permafrost. Computed tomography provides visualization of the cryostructure of permafrost. Previous studies showed great potential in using this technology for classification and volume measurements of permafrost components, i.e. sediment (solid), ice and gas (void) contents. The aims of this study are (1) to develop an innovative and non-destructive approach using CT scan to compute the thermal conductivity of undisturbed permafrost samples and (2) to validate the results computed from CT scan image analysis with proven experimental thermal conductivity data. The very good results obtained so far show that CT scan thermal conductivity measurements yield results comparable to other existing methods. The new approach could still be significantly improved by the use of a higher resolution CT scanner.
Gagnon, Samuel. "Changements climatiques et interactions écologiques affectant le pergélisol et l'activité des coins de glace dans la vallée de la rivière Narsajuaq, Nunavik (Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66305.
Full textTo determine the direct impact of climate change on ice-wedge dynamics and the permafrost thermal regime, 16 study sites in the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) that were extensively studied for ice wedge between 1989 and 1991 were revisited between 2016 and 2018. Observations and measurements show that over the last 25 years, the ice wedges of the Narsajuaq river valley have experienced an unprecedented degradation of their upgrowth forms, resulting in a generalized deepening of their main stages due to the active layer reaching depths 1.2 to 3.4 times greater than in 1991. The thermal regime of the four main soil types identified (thin sandy peat, thick sandy peat, thick peat, fluvial sands) in the valley was modelled to reproduce permafrost temperature changes since 1990 and predict active layer thickness until 2100. In recent decades, ice wedges of all soil types have been active, cracking almost every year except in 2010, the warmest year on record. For the rest of the 21st century, simulations predict a complete cessation of soil cracking between 2020 and 2095 depending on the soil type, soil cracking threshold and the selected climate scenarios. However, based on the interannual variability of the climate in the region, it is very likely that ice wedges will stop cracking over the next 20-30 years. The active layer reached a record depth in 2010, then moved up with recent cooling. It is expected that the active layer will deepen sufficiently in the next few decades to cause widespread ice-wedge degradation, leaving only fossil ice-wedge roots deep in permafrost by the end of the century. This thesis also suggests a new approach to improve estimates of carbon stocks in Arctic permafrost based on image analysis of surface geology and landforms, as well as on the reconstitution of the geological history of Arctic permafrost landscapes. There is a strong connection between landscape features and surficial geology on the one hand, and carbon stocks as organic matter in soils on the other.
Ficheur, Alban. "Expérimentation de techniques de mitigation des effets de la fonte du Pergelisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik : Aéroport de Tasiujaq." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28205/28205.pdf.
Full textCuny, Mathias. "Etude de l'impact des conditions géologiques et climatiques sur l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes géothermiques de surface." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD028/document.
Full textSurface geothermal systems extract energy from the ground via a fluid circulating in an exchanger at a depth not exceeding 200 m. Two typologies of exchangers are generally used: systems with vertical exchangers, mainly affected by geological conditions; and horizontal exchangers, closer to the surface of ground, impacted mainly by weather conditions. Thermal exchanges in the soil are mainly conduction heat transfers. Thus, thermo-physical properties of soil influence, mostly, energy extracted by exchangers. In order to quantify influence of geological and meteorological conditions on thermo-physical properties of soil, two experimental devices are developed, designed, instrumented and validated. The experimental results provide more appropriate scientific knowledge on hydric behavior of a soil subjected to rain events and influence of compactness on thermal properties of soil. In addition, one numerical study, based on a finite element 2D modeling of an earth-air heat exchanger, evaluates their energy performance under different soil moisture conditions and rain scenarios thus revealing the utility of water to significantly improve its performance
Lahoori, Mojdeh. "Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of an embankment to store thermal energy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0252.
Full textNowadays, thermal energy storage in geostructures like embankments can be possible by installing the horizontal heat exchangers in different layers of compacted soil. In this system, the thermal energy is stored in summer via a fluid, circulating in the heat exchangers, to be extracted in the demand period. When the serviceability of embankment as a medium to store the thermal energy starts, the compacted soil will be subjected to the daily and seasonally temperature variations. These seasonal temperature variations could modify the thermo-hydro-mechanical performance of the compacted soil. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the thermal and mechanical performances of a compacted soil when it is subjected to monotonic and cyclic temperature variations. The studied soil is a sandy lean clay that is frequently used in embankment constructions in France. The thermal and mechanical behavior of the soil are investigated at a compaction state corresponding to the optimal thermal properties. However, this compacted soil is unsaturated and the estimation of its thermal properties is complex. In this study, an inverse analytical model is proposed to estimate the thermal properties of the soil using temperature monitoring in the range of 20 to 50 °C in a soil compacted in a large container. The estimated thermal parameters were compared to classical laboratory measurements (transient and steady-state methods). The comparison showed that the estimated values were close to the results obtained in transient laboratory method. Using this method, the thermal efficiency of the compacted soil can be verified in the lifetime of the storage system. To ensure the structure stability, long-term mechanical response of these systems subjected to monotonic and cyclic temperature variations should be investigated. To achieve this aim, using temperature-controlled oedometric and direct shear devices, consolidation and shear parameters of the studied soil at different monotonic (5, 20, and 50 °C) and cyclic (5 to 50 °C) temperatures were investigated. The results of temperature-controlled oedometric tests showed that the effect of the temperature variation is more pronounced under vertical pressures higher than the preconsolidation pressure. The compression and swelling indexes could be considered independent of temperature variations. Therefore, the overall settlement of the embankment due to thermal variation near the heat exchangers could be considered negligible. The results of temperature-controlled direct shear tests showed that the temperature variations (monotonic heating or cooling, or temperature cycles) increased the cohesion which is beneficial for the bearing capacity and slope stability of embankments. These results can be directly used in the design of embankments to store thermal energy exposed to similar thermo-mechanical paths. Finally, the thermal performance of the compacted soil is verified using a numerical simulation considering the soil atmosphere interaction. Different depths installation of heat exchanger loops and different heat storage scenarios were simulated. The results showed that the compacted soil increases 8.5% the systems performance compared to the horizontal loop installation in the local soil. The results of two different scenarios show that an inlet fluid temperature of 50 °C in summer increases highly the system performance (13.7% to 41.4%) while the improvement is less significant (0% to 4.8%) for the ambient inlet temperature. Moreover, a deeper installation of horizontal loops increases the system performance. From the numerical simulation results can be concealed that the embankment is in interaction with the atmosphere from its upper and lateral surfaces, the thermal efficiency of the structure could be affected due to heat losses. Therefore, it is preferable to place the heat exchangers away from the top and side surfaces
Maghoul, Pooneh. "Solutions fondamentales en Géo-Poro-Mécanique multiphasique pour l'analyse des effets de site sismiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599397.
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